EP1218960A1 - Patchantenne - Google Patents
PatchantenneInfo
- Publication number
- EP1218960A1 EP1218960A1 EP00966373A EP00966373A EP1218960A1 EP 1218960 A1 EP1218960 A1 EP 1218960A1 EP 00966373 A EP00966373 A EP 00966373A EP 00966373 A EP00966373 A EP 00966373A EP 1218960 A1 EP1218960 A1 EP 1218960A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- patch
- patch antenna
- waveguide segment
- antenna according
- ridge waveguide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012491 analyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
- H01Q9/0428—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna radiating a circular polarised wave
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
- H01Q9/045—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a patch antenna with a feed line connected to it, which supplies a signal to be radiated.
- Patch antennas of this type are frequently used to form antenna groups, the spacing of the individual patch antennas within the group being predetermined by the desired antenna characteristic and generally being less than a wavelength in free space. For reasons of space, it makes sense to use the space under each patch antenna for its associated high-frequency circuits, which are often implemented using icrost ⁇ p or waveguide technology.
- the waveguides of such circuits usually run m planes perpendicular to the antenna plane, so that it is desirable to be able to couple directly from the patch antenna into these conductors, that is to say high-frequency excitation effectively between a patch arranged on a surface of a substrate and a high-frequency signal line to transfer, which is on the opposite surface.
- a plurality of arrangements are known in which a patch antenna is coupled to a line running perpendicular to the antenna plane.
- coaxially coupled patch antennas with plated-through holes are expensive to manufacture because, on the one hand, they require complex through-plating through the substrate and, moreover, they require a transition piece to the feed line
- Patch antennas which are coupled to a feed line designed as a waveguide via a diaphragm or a slot m on a metallic ground plane formed on the rear side of the substrate, are described in M Kanda et al, The Charactte ⁇ stics of I ⁇ s-Fed Millimeter-Wave Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antennas, IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, Volume EMC-27 No. 4, November 1985, pages 212 to 220 and Min-Hua Ho, Wave Guide Excited Microstrip Patch Antenna, Theory and Experiment, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation Volume 42, No. 8, August 1994, pages 1114 to 1125.
- Such antennas allow a good impedance matching of the slot to the patch, but only in a narrow frequency band, and the overall transmission of high-frequency energy from the waveguide to the patch is limited due to the small cross section of the slot. Since the slot is operated below its cutoff frequency, it cannot be used as an adjustment line. It always makes an inductive contribution to the input impedance of the antenna.
- Connection is designed as a ridge waveguide segment. Since the number of geometrical parameters that can be optimized for the dimensioning of the inner cross section of such a ridge waveguide segment is greater than in the case of a simple slot, it is possible to choose the dimensions of the inner cross section so that there is an impedance matching between the waveguide segment and the patch without this requires an aperture whose shape differs from that of the waveguide.
- the conventional ground plane with a coupling slot on the back of the substrate is therefore superfluous due to the use of the ridge waveguide segment.
- the footbridge The cut of the ridge waveguide replaces the conventional coupling slot and at the same time represents an electrical adaptation line to the impedance level of the patch antenna.
- the shape of the patch to be optimized for the desired radiation properties of the patch antenna, and then the dimensions of the ridge waveguide segment independently of it.
- a shape and dimensioning of the patch suitable for circularly polarized radiation in a predetermined frequency range can first be determined, and then the shape of the ridge waveguide segment can be optimized for this frequency range with the aim of a good impedance matching to the patch.
- a waveguide is coupled to the ridge waveguide segment as the feed line.
- Such a waveguide can run perpendicular to the surface of the patch antenna and thus provide the possibility of arranging circuits which supply or process the high-frequency signal in the immediate vicinity of the antenna, preferably behind it.
- One or more transformation stages in (ridge) waveguide technology can be provided between the feed line and the waveguide segment.
- a microstrip line can also be inserted as a feed line into the web section of the web waveguide segment.
- the opposite side walls of the web section have electrical contact with the conductor track and or ground area of the microstrip line. They ensure a secure fixation of the feed line in the middle of the waveguide and perpendicular to the antenna substrate.
- the dimensions of the web section are preferably selected so that the impedance level of the waveguide section is matched to that of the patch.
- the patch expediently has edges which run at angles of +/- 45 ° to the edges of a web section. This orientation of the edges makes it possible to excite edges of the patch which are oriented at right angles to one another by means of an electrical field oriented in a uniform direction and excited in the waveguide section.
- the resonance frequencies of edges oriented orthogonally to one another differ slightly, so that in the frequency range between the two resonance frequencies the one group of edges is inductive and the other is capacitive Represents load for the radio frequency signal.
- This can be achieved, for example, by designing the patch at right angles with different edge lengths, or by using a square patch in which two opposite edges have cutouts.
- Figure 1 shows a patch antenna with connected waveguide according to a first embodiment of the invention in a longitudinal section
- FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of the ridge waveguide segment of the patch antenna from FIG. 1;
- Figure 3 shows the ridge waveguide segment
- FIG. 1 schematically shows the structure of the patch antenna according to the invention.
- the actual metallic patch 1 is applied to a dielectric substrate 2.
- the back of the substrate 2 is in direct contact with a ridge waveguide segment 3.
- the substrate 2 and ridge waveguide segment 3 are connected over a large area and in a load-bearing manner by adhesive bonding of the surfaces in contact.
- the waveguide segment 3 essentially has the shape of a plate of thickness L with an approximately H-shaped waveguide cutout 5 (see also FIG. 2).
- the waveguide segment 3 is connected to a further waveguide section 4, which can be a feed line that couples the patch to circuit elements (not shown in the figure) arranged behind the substrate, or a transformer stage that can be used for an impedance matching at the transition of the High-frequency signal from the feed line to the ridge waveguide segment 3 provides.
- the thickness L can be selected so that residual reflections occurring at the entrance and exit surface of the ridge waveguide segment interfere destructively, so as to improve the efficiency of the coupling between the patch and the feed line.
- FIG. 2 shows the ridge waveguide segment 3 in a perspective view.
- the substrate 2 is omitted in FIG. 2, only the patch 1 arranged on this substrate is shown as a dashed outline.
- the patch antenna is provided to be operated in an arrangement together with a plurality of antennas of the same type, for example in a satellite, the distance between the individual patch antennas being given by the lateral dimensions of the ridge waveguide segment 3.
- the waveguide cutout 5 has the basic shape of a rectangle with a width a and a height b, with projections 6 with a width w engaging in the cutout from the middle of the long sides of the rectangle and narrowing it in the middle to a gap-shaped web section 7 of width s ,
- the dimensions a, b and w determine the cutoff frequency and thus the frequency-dependent impedance of the ridge waveguide segment 3.
- the patch 1 here has the shape of a square with edges rotated by 45 ° to the edges of the waveguide cutout 5.
- Two opposite edges 8 of the patch 1 each have a central recess 9.
- the cutouts 9 cause the resonance frequency of the interrupted edges 8 to shift relative to that of the continuous edges 10 of the patch 1 lying at right angles thereto.
- the edges When excited with a high-frequency signal, the frequency of which lies in the middle between the two resonance frequencies, the edges become 8, 10 each excited to emit a phase shift of 90 °, whereby the contributions of the different edges to the radiation of the antenna overlap to form a circularly polarized beam.
- FIG. 3 shows a modification of the patch antenna according to the invention, which differs from that described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 in the manner in which the high-frequency signal is coupled in.
- the waveguide section 4 is replaced by a microstrip line 14, that is to say a dielectric substrate which has a surface on one Conductor 15 and on the opposite (hidden in the figure) surface carries a metallic ground plane.
- the microstrip line is shown in FIG. 3 with the same width w as the projections 6 of the ridge waveguide segment, but it can also be wider, for example extending over the entire width a of the waveguide cutout 5. Only the width of the rear metallization, which forms the ground surface, should not be greater than the width w of the projections 6.
- the mechanical insertion of the microstrip line 14 into the web section 7 results in a mechanically resilient anchoring in a simple manner. In this way, a very compact arrangement of a patch antenna with a high-frequency circuit can be realized, the high-frequency circuit being built on a printed circuit board which integrally merges into the microstrip line 14 inserted into the web section.
- the width S of the web section is double
Landscapes
- Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Electrotherapy Devices (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19947783 | 1999-10-05 | ||
| DE19947783A DE19947783A1 (de) | 1999-10-05 | 1999-10-05 | Patchantenne |
| PCT/IB2000/001504 WO2001026177A1 (de) | 1999-10-05 | 2000-10-05 | Patchantenne |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1218960A1 true EP1218960A1 (de) | 2002-07-03 |
| EP1218960B1 EP1218960B1 (de) | 2004-12-29 |
Family
ID=7924460
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP00966373A Expired - Lifetime EP1218960B1 (de) | 1999-10-05 | 2000-10-05 | Patchantenne |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1218960B1 (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE286305T1 (de) |
| AU (1) | AU7680700A (de) |
| DE (2) | DE19947783A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2001026177A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2830987A1 (fr) * | 2001-10-11 | 2003-04-18 | Thomson Licensing Sa | Perfectionnement aux antennes-sources alimentees par guide d'ondes |
| DE102016007434A1 (de) | 2016-06-07 | 2017-12-07 | Audi Ag | Antennenvorrichtung für einen Radardetektor mit mindestens zwei Strahlungsrichtungen und Kraftfahrzeug mit zumindest einem Radardetektor |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5793263A (en) * | 1996-05-17 | 1998-08-11 | University Of Massachusetts | Waveguide-microstrip transmission line transition structure having an integral slot and antenna coupling arrangement |
| US5831581A (en) * | 1996-08-23 | 1998-11-03 | Lockheed Martin Vought Systems Corporation | Dual frequency band planar array antenna |
-
1999
- 1999-10-05 DE DE19947783A patent/DE19947783A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2000
- 2000-10-05 AT AT00966373T patent/ATE286305T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-10-05 WO PCT/IB2000/001504 patent/WO2001026177A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2000-10-05 AU AU76807/00A patent/AU7680700A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-10-05 DE DE50009138T patent/DE50009138D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-10-05 EP EP00966373A patent/EP1218960B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO0126177A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU7680700A (en) | 2001-05-10 |
| DE50009138D1 (de) | 2005-02-03 |
| ATE286305T1 (de) | 2005-01-15 |
| WO2001026177A1 (de) | 2001-04-12 |
| DE19947783A1 (de) | 2001-08-16 |
| EP1218960B1 (de) | 2004-12-29 |
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