Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
  • C11D7/50—Solvents
  • C11D7/5004—Organic solvents
  • C11D7/5018—Halogenated solvents
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06L—DRY-CLEANING, WASHING OR BLEACHING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR MADE-UP FIBROUS GOODS; BLEACHING LEATHER OR FURS
  • D06L1/00—Dry-cleaning or washing fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods
  • D06L1/02—Dry-cleaning or washing fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods using organic solvents
  • D06L1/04—Dry-cleaning or washing fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods using organic solvents combined with specific additives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
  • C11D7/50—Solvents
  • C11D7/5036—Azeotropic mixtures containing halogenated solvents
  • C11D7/504—Azeotropic mixtures containing halogenated solvents all solvents being halogenated hydrocarbons
  • C11D7/505—Mixtures of (hydro)fluorocarbons
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
  • C23G5/00—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents
  • C23G5/02—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents using organic solvents
  • C23G5/024—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents using organic solvents containing hydrocarbons
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
  • C11D7/22—Organic compounds
  • C11D7/24—Hydrocarbons
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
  • C11D7/22—Organic compounds
  • C11D7/26—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C11D7/263—Ethers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
  • C11D7/22—Organic compounds
  • C11D7/26—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C11D7/266—Esters or carbonates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
  • C11D7/22—Organic compounds
  • C11D7/28—Organic compounds containing halogen

Definitions

• the present invention relates to compositions designed to replace perchloroethylene for dry-cleaning, and as an alternative to the low flash point replacement solvents for perchloroethylene.
• the invention provides methods for substantially raising the flash points of low flash point petroleum solvents currently in use in the dry cleaning industry.
• the invention renders the solvents nonflammable and non-combustible while retaining, indeed enhancing their ability to remove stains, grease, fatty acids, oil and soil, among other contaminants, from textiles, fabrics and garments normally encountered in the dry cleaning industry and uniforms, fabrics and garments normally encountered in the uniform rental business.
• the present invention also relates to degreaser formulations for use in removing grease and oil from equipment, machinery and the like.
• the present invention may also be used to separate and concentrate oil removed from garments by distillation, obviating the need to dispose of it as a perchloroethylene contaminated hazardous waste.
• Garments and other fabrics including carpeting curtains, industrial uniforms etc. become soiled with stains, fatty acids and other contaminants which attach to dust attracted to the garment during the normal course of wear.
• the present invention enables use of these low flash point solvents by elevating their flash points to preclude flammability and combustibility classifications and risks.
• compositions for commercial dry-cleaning of textiles and related articles with compositions having flash points exceeding 100°C by modifying the flash points of the flammable and combustible hydrocarbon solvents utilizing components with zero ozone depleting potential.
• Still another objective of the present invention is to raise the vapor pressure of the solvents to accelerate garment drying while maintaining high solvent flash points.
• compositions according to the present invention relates to compositions and methods of removal of contaminants from textiles and related fabrics and garments and grease and oil from machinery and related equipment utilizing compositions which provide a high occupational safety threshold because of their high flash points, pose no significant risk to ground water, are environmentally compatible and which are substantially biodegradable.
• Compositions according to the present invention preferably are substantially non-toxic, substantially biodegradable liquids at room temperature or higher, are not hazardous air pollutants (HAP's), have insignificant VOC potential, have zero Ozone Depletion
• ODP ODP-Oxide-Oxide-Oxide
• compositions according to the present invention avoid the use of perchloroethylene, mineral spirits or chlorinated fluorinated hydrocarbons (CFC's).
• CFC's chlorinated fluorinated hydrocarbons
• the present compositions may be utilized as effective substitutes for perchloroethylene in commercial cleaning processes and as degreasers .
• the present compositions have many of the favorable physical and chemical characteristics of perchloroethylene without the attendant unfavorable characteristics, most notably, the environmental incompatibility of perchloroethylene .
• the present compositions present no groundwater threat because of their densities (7.51bs/gal to 8.2 lbs/gal) , compared to perchloroethylene with a density of 13.47 lbs/gal.
• the present compositions may accommodate surfactants which may aid the removal of fatty acids, stains and other contaminants from fabrics, especially clothing.
• the present compositions are compatible with most, if not all, of the commercial fibers used in fabrics.
• the present compositions advantageously do not substantially change the shape or deform the underlying fibers of the cloth.
• the compositions impart, what is known in the vernacular of dry-cleaners, a nice hand (smooth feel) to the garments and they are generally stable during cleaning operations and at drying, separation and distillation temperatures .
• Cleaning compositions are essentially non-aqueous and according to the present invention comprise: (i) about 1% to about 98% by weight of a glycol ether and or glycol ether acetate;
• composition may further comprise a hydrofluoroether
• the essentially non-aqueous composition may comprise:
• the essentially nonaqueous composition may comprise
• essentially nonaqueous means that the composition contains less than about 1% of water.
• Preferred amounts of glycol ethers for the present compositions range from about 1% to about 98% by weight, more preferably about 3% to about 60% by weight, even more preferably about 4% to about 40% by weight, even more preferably about 5% to about 15% by weight.
• Preferred amounts of the aliphatic hydrocarbon for use in the cleaning composition in the present invention range from about 2% to about 98% by weight, more preferably from about 30% to about 97% by weight, even more preferably from about 63% to about 95% by weight.
• the amount of perfluorocarbon compounds in the cleaning compositions according to the present invention preferably ranges from about 0.5% to about 80% by weight, more preferably from about 2% to about 60% by weight, more preferably from about 3% to about 40% by weight, even more preferably about 3% to about 30% by weight and even more preferably about 4% to about 25% by weight.
• Preferred amounts of hydrofluoroethers for use in the cleaning composition in the present invention preferably range from about 0.5% to about 80% by weight, more preferably from about 2% to about 60% by weight, even more preferably about 3% to about 30% by weight and even more preferably about 4% to about 25% by weight.
• compositions according to the present invention may optionally include at least one component selected from the group consisting of, for example, an antimicrobial agent, a fabric finishing agent, an anionic surfactant to facilitate incorporation of small quantities of water to assist in removal of water soluble stains from fabrics and garments, or mixtures thereof.
• Compositions according to the present invention have densities which are generally less than that of water and are preferably biodegradable, preferably with BOD/ s of greater than about 20 pp , more preferably greater than about 40 ppm.
• the present compositions are particularly environmentally advantageous because they are readily biodegradable and they are lighter than water. As such, the present preferred compositions pose little, if any risk to contaminate groundwater .
• the invention is further directed to methods for removing one or more contaminants from textiles, fabrics, garments, flexible and/or inflexible surfaces comprising applying the compositions of the present invention to said textiles, fabrics, garments or surfaces in amounts effective to remove said contaminants from said textiles, fabrics, garments or surfaces.
• the contaminants removed from the garment which are initially present in a composition/contaminant mixture may separated from the cleaning composition by distillation and may be recovered or isolated. They often include oil and related hydrocarbons which may be used as fuel, thereby obviating the need to dispose of the distillation still bottom as hazardous waste.
• contaminant shall be used to describe most substances which are not normally found in fabrics or other flexible and inflexible surfaces such as machinery and metal surfaces in their clean, uncontaminated state and are generally removed from fabrics or other surfaces during cleaning processes.
• Contaminants include but are not limited to fats, fatty acids, in particular, triglycerides and fatty acids, fat like substances, salts, food remnants, sweat, blood stains, soil, oil, grease and related lubricants and numerous other synthetic and natural or biological contaminants or lubricants which are normally not found on the surfaces and textiles to be cleaned according to the present invention.
• compositions according to the present invention include triglycerides, fatty acids and related fatty food contaminants and grease, oil and related lubricants.
• triglycerides fatty acids and related fatty food contaminants and grease, oil and related lubricants.
• present compositions may need to be modified within the teachings of the invention in order to maximize removal of a particular contaminant.
• hydrofluoroether compounds include but are not limited to ethoxy-nonafluorobutane, ethyl perfluoroisobutyl ether, ethyl perfluorobutyl ether, methoxy-nonafluorobutane, methyl nonafluoroisobutyl ether, methyl nonafluorobutyl ether and their isomers.
• compositions of the present invention further comprise a hydrofluoroether/trans-1, 2-dichloroethylene mixture.
• a hydrofluoroether/trans-1, 2-dichloroethylene mixture In one embodiment, it is an azeotropic mixture. In another embodiment, the ratio of hydrofluoroether: trans-1, 2-dichloroethylene is from about 5:95 to about 95:5.
• glycol ether and "glycol ether acetate” are used throughout the specification to describe certain preferred components which are used in the compositions according to the present invention.
• propylene glycol ethers and ether acetates and ethylene glycol ethers and ether acetates may be used.
• glycol ethers for use in the present invention include, without limitation ethylene and propylene glycol substituted ethers, such as propylene glycol t-butyl ether, ethylene glycol methyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl ether, triethylene glycol methyl ether, ethylene glycol methyl ether, diethylene glycol ethyl ether, triethylene glycol ethyl ether, ethylene glycol n-propyl ether, diethylene glycol n-propyl ether, triethylene glycol n-propyl ether, ethylene glycol isopropyl ether, diethylene glycol isopropyl ether, triethylene glycol isopropyl ether, ethylene glycol n-propyl ether, diethylene glycol n-propyl ether, triethylene glycol isopropyl ether, ethylene glycol n-propyl ether, diethylene glycol n-propyl ether, tri
• Preferred glycol ethers and glycol ether acetates for use in the present invention have relatively high vapor pressures and low boiling points to facilitate the rapid drying of fabrics and to accelerate distillation.
• aliphatic hydrocarbon refers to paraffins, normal and iso, consisting of both open and branched chain structure.
• Naphtha -generic, loosely defined term refers to a range of light petroleum distillates.
• compositions which enhance the performance characteristics, from both a safety and performance point of view, of petroleum solvents, naphthas and mineral spirits, solvents which are presently used in dry-cleaning In their present application they present a severe ignition and explosion hazard in use. Severe constraints are placed on siting of facilities using petroleum solvents because of the inherent fire hazard the storage and use of these low flash point solvents pose.
• compositions were made and assessed for their ability to clean typical contaminants from textiles. They were also evaluated for their solvent effect on typical textiles and fabrics used in industrial gloves and uniforms, and in normal dry-cleaning fabrics.
• DCM Dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether
• DOW Chemical Co. Midland, Michigan
• COVI-OX-T-70 is a mixed mixed tocopheral concentrate.
• COVI-OX-T-70 was obtained from Henkel Chemical Co., Kankakee, Illinois.
• HFE-7100 and HFE-7200 are hydrofluoroethers.
• All components designated PF are perfluoro compounds.
• PF-5070, PF-5058, PF-5060, PF-5070, PF-5052, PF-5056, and PF-5080 were obtained from the 3M Company, St. Paul Minnesota.
• Stoddard solvent, mineral spirits and Shell Sol 142 HT were obtained from Shell Chemical Co., Houston, Texas
• DF-2000 was obtained from Exxon Chemical Co., Houston Texas.
• DF-2000 and Shell Sol 142-HT are hydrotreated medium aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents.
• the individual components may be added and stirred to provide a completely mixed product.
• the components were added in the order in which they appear. In most instances, the product was clear at room temperature.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Metallurgy (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Detergent Compositions (AREA)

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• 2000
  • 2000-08-31 WO PCT/US2000/024037 patent/WO2001016422A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2000-08-31 JP JP2001519955A patent/JP2003512480A/ja active Pending
  • 2000-08-31 EP EP00959737A patent/EP1218585A1/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 2000-08-31 AU AU71005/00A patent/AU7100500A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2000-08-31 KR KR1020027002698A patent/KR20030037222A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2000-08-31 BR BR0013689-1A patent/BR0013689A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2000-08-31 MX MXPA02002204A patent/MXPA02002204A/es not_active Application Discontinuation

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