EP1217466A1 - Fixierrolleranordnung eines elektrophotographischen Bilderzeugungsgeräts mit Heizspule um eine Wärmeübertragungswalze - Google Patents

Fixierrolleranordnung eines elektrophotographischen Bilderzeugungsgeräts mit Heizspule um eine Wärmeübertragungswalze Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1217466A1
EP1217466A1 EP01310591A EP01310591A EP1217466A1 EP 1217466 A1 EP1217466 A1 EP 1217466A1 EP 01310591 A EP01310591 A EP 01310591A EP 01310591 A EP01310591 A EP 01310591A EP 1217466 A1 EP1217466 A1 EP 1217466A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fusing roller
heat pipe
coil
fusing
working fluid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP01310591A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1217466B1 (de
Inventor
Kyung-woo 402-1001 Cheongmyung Maeul Jugong Lee
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Samsung Electronics Co Ltd
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Samsung Electronics Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from KR10-2001-0013451A external-priority patent/KR100400003B1/ko
Priority claimed from KR10-2001-0024378A external-priority patent/KR100374618B1/ko
Application filed by Samsung Electronics Co Ltd filed Critical Samsung Electronics Co Ltd
Priority to EP04017021A priority Critical patent/EP1496407B1/de
Publication of EP1217466A1 publication Critical patent/EP1217466A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1217466B1 publication Critical patent/EP1217466B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/20—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for fixing, e.g. by using heat
    • G03G15/2003—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for fixing, e.g. by using heat using heat
    • G03G15/2014—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for fixing, e.g. by using heat using heat using contact heat
    • G03G15/2053—Structural details of heat elements, e.g. structure of roller or belt, eddy current, induction heating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/0095—Heating devices in the form of rollers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a fusing roller apparatus for an electrophotographic image forming apparatus, and more particularly, to a fusing roller apparatus for an electrophotographic image forming apparatus, which can be instantaneously heated with low power consumption.
  • a photosensitive material coated on the surface of the photoreceptor drum is uniformly charged.
  • the charged photosensitive material is exposed to a laser beam scanned from a laser scanning unit (LSU) so that a latent electrostatic image is formed in a predetermined pattern on the photosensitive material.
  • LSU laser scanning unit
  • a developer unit supplies toner to the photosensitive material to develop the latent electrostatic image formed on the photosensitive material into a visible toner image.
  • a predetermined transfer voltage is applied to a transfer roller which is put in contact with the photoreceptor drum at a predetermined force while the photoreceptor drum carries the toner image.
  • a fixing unit which includes a fusing roller, instantaneously heats the print paper to which the toner image is transferred to fuse and fix the toner image to the print paper.
  • a halogen lamp is used as a heat source for the fixing unit. The halogen lamp is installed inside the fusing roller and heats the surface of the fusing roller to a target temperature with radiant heat.
  • a conventional fusing roller apparatus of an electrophotographic image forming apparatus which uses a halogen lamp as a heat source
  • the exterior surface of the fusing roller must generate heat; the fusing roller is therefore heated from the inside out by radiant heat from the halogen lamp.
  • a pressure roller is located below the fusing roller. As paper carrying a toner image in a powder form passes between the fusing roller and the pressure roller, the paper is hot pressed by the predetermined force and the toner image is fused and fixed to the print paper by the heat and force from the fusing roller and the pressure roller.
  • a thermistor may be used for detecting and converting the surface temperature of the fusing roller into an electric signal and a thermostat may be used to cut off the power supply to the halogen lamp.
  • a conventional fusing roller apparatus which employs a halogen lamp as a heat source unnecessarily consumes a large amount of power, and needs a considerably long warm-up period when the image forming apparatus is turned on for image formation. In other words, after the application of power, a standby period follows until the temperature of the fusing roller reaches a target temperature, for example, for a few tens of seconds to a few minutes. I have found that with a conventional fusing roller apparatus, because the fusing roller is heated by radiant heat from the heat source, the rate of heat transfer is low.
  • An alternative design for a conventional fusing roller apparatus employs a heating plate placed in a lower portion of a flexible cylindrical film tube, with a pressure roller mounted underneath the heating plate.
  • the film tube is rotated by a separate rotation unit and is locally heated and deformed at a part between the heating plate and the pressure roller. While this method of locally heating the film tube with a heating plate was thought to be advantageous in terms of low power consumption, it is unsuitable for high-speed printing.
  • Japanese Patent Application Nos. sho 58-163836 (September 16, 1983); hei 3-107438 (May 13, 1991), hei 3-136478 (June 7, 1991); hei 5-135656 (June 7, 1993); hei 6-296633 (November 30, 1994); hei 6-316435 (December 20, 1994); hei 7-65878 (March 24, 1995); hei 7-105780 (April 28, 1995); hei 7-244029 (September 22, 1995); hei 8-110712 (May 1, 1996); hei 10-27202 (February 9, 1998); hei 10-84137 (March 30, 1998); and hei 10-208635 (July 8, 1998) disclose heat-pipe equipped fusing roller apparatus.
  • Such fusing roller apparatus using heat-pipes can be instantaneously heated, thereby reducing power consumption.
  • Fusing roller apparatus also have a short period of delay when switching between stand-by and a printing operation.
  • the fusing roller apparatus disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Nos. hei 5-135656; hei 10-84137; hei 6-29663; and hei 10-208635 employ different types of heat sources at one end of the fusing rollers, that are positioned beyond the fixing areas.
  • the arrangement of the heat source for each of these fusing roller apparatus increases the volume of the fusing roller apparatus and requires complex structures. Thus, there is a need to improve the structural complexity of such fusing roller apparatus.
  • the fusing roller apparatus disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Nos. sho 58-163836; hei 3-107438; hei 3-136478; hei 6-316435; hei 7-65878; hei 7-105780; and hei 7-244029 have their heat sources located within their fusing rollers, so that there remains a problem attributable to the increased volume of this apparatus described above.
  • a plurality of local heat pipes, however, are installed for each fusing roller, thereby complicating fabrication and manufacture of the fusing roller apparatus.
  • the local arrangement of the heat pipes moreover, causes temperature deviations between heat-pipe contact portions and heat-pipe non-contact portions.
  • a preferred aim is to provide a fusing roller apparatus for an electrophotographic image forming apparatus, in which local temperature deviation of a fusing roller is sharply reduced, thereby improving overall thermal distribution characteristics.
  • Another preferred aim of the present invention to provide a fusing roller apparatus for an electrophotographic image forming apparatus, which is easy to manufacture and is designed to minimize any increase in the size of the fusing roller apparatus.
  • Another preferred aim is to provide a fusing roller able to progress from its standby state to its printing state in a shorter period of time.
  • Another preferred aim is to provide a more energy efficient electrophotolithographic process and apparatus.
  • Another preferred aim is to provide a fusing roller, process for constructing a fusing roller and a process for fusing electrostatic images formed from toner onto a printable medium, with an assembly able to change the temperature of the fusing roller from room temperature to an operating temperature within a shorter period of time.
  • Another preferred aim is to provide a fusing roller, process for constructing a fusing roller and a process for fusing electrostatic images formed from toner onto a printable medium, with an assembly that is able to allow the temperature of the fusing roller to remain at room temperature during a standby operational period.
  • Another preferred aim is to provide a fusing roller, process for constructing a fusing roller and a process for fusing electrostatic images formed from toner onto a printable medium, with an assembly that exhibits an improved thermal equilibrium and minimal local thermal differences on the cylindrical exterior surfaces of the fusing roller.
  • a fusing roller assembly comprising: a cylindrical fusing roller providing an axially oriented hollow cavity; a heat pipe having opposite ends sealed, providing an evacuated chamber maintainable at a vacuum, coaxially positioned within said fusing roller; and an electrically conducting coil helically wound around an exterior cylindrical surface of said heat pipe, coaxially interposed between said exterior cylindrical surface of said heat pipe and an interior cylindrical surface of said hollow cavity.
  • said coil prior to introduction of said coil into said cavity, said coil has an outer diameter greater than the inner diameter of the fusing roller such that at least some turns of said coil contact coil an interior cylindrical wall of said hollow cavity with a force.
  • said heat pipe is formed of copper.
  • the fusing roller is formed of aluminum.
  • the fusing roller assembly comprises a working fluid contained within said chamber.
  • the working fluid is distilled water.
  • an amount of said working fluid contained within said chamber is in the range of 5-50% by volume of said chamber.
  • an amount of said working fluid contained within said chamber is in the range of 5-15% by volume of said chamber.
  • neighboring turns of said coil are axially spaced apart; and a spacer of a thermally conducting material is interposed between said neighboring turns of said coil.
  • said spacer is in simultaneous thermal contact with substantially an entire axial length of said interior cylindrical surface of said hollow cavity and with substantially an entire axial length of said exterior cylindrical surface of said heat pipe.
  • said fusing roller, said spacer and said heat pipe are made of aluminum.
  • said fusing roller is made of a thermally conductive material exhibiting a first coefficient of hardness
  • said spacer is made of a thermally conductive material exhibiting a second and lesser coefficient of hardness
  • said heat pipe is made of a thermally conductive material exhibiting a third and least degree of hardness.
  • a fusing roller assembly comprising: a cylindrical fusing roller providing an axially hollow cavity; a heat pipe having axially opposite ends sealed, providing an evacuated hollow interior chamber maintainable at a vacuum; an electrically conducting coil helically wound around an axial length of an exterior cylindrical surface of said heat pipe; and said heat pipe and said coil being positioned coaxially inside said hollow axial interior with said coil interposed between an interior circumferential, surface of said fusing roller and said exterior cylindrical surface of said heat pipe.
  • a fusing roller assembly comprising: a cylindrical fusing roller providing a hollow axial cavity; a heat pipe having axially opposite ends sealed, providing an evacuated chamber maintainable at a vacuum; an electrically conducting coil helically wound around an axial length of an exterior cylindrical surface of said heat pipe; a spacer helical wound around said exterior cylindrical surface of said heat pipe between successive windings of said coil, maintaining each of said successive windings spaced axially apart; and said heat pipe, said coil and said spacer being positioned coaxially inside said hollow axial interior with said coil and said spacer interposed between an interior circumferential surface of said fusing roller and said exterior cylindrical surface of said heat pipe.
  • a process of manufacturing a fusing roller assembly comprised of: forming a cylindrical fusing roller with a central, axially oriented interior cavity; forming a heat pipe having an interior chamber; inserting said heat pipe into said fusing roller to place said heat pipe at rest coaxially inside said interior cavity with an electrically conducting heating coil wound in a helical spiral with a plurality of axially spaced turns around a central axial length of an exterior cylindrical surface of said heat pipe; evacuating said interior chamber; partially filling said interior chamber with a quantity of a working fluid; hermetically sealing said interior chamber; and providing electrical connectivity across said heating coil.
  • the process further comprises forming said fusing roller with said interior cavity exhibiting an interior first diameter; winding said heating coil to exhibit an exterior second diameter greater than said first diameter before insertion of said heating coil into said interior cavity; reducing said second diameter during said insertion; and releasing said heating coil to assume said second diameter after said insertion.
  • the process comprises axially spacing apart successive turns of said coil; and interposing a spacer of a thermally conducting material between said successive turns of said coil.
  • the process comprises axially spacing apart successive turns of said coil; and interposing a spacer of a thermally conducting material between said successive turns of said coil, with said spacer being in simultaneous thermal contact with substantially an entire axial length of an interior cylindrical surface of said cavity and with substantially an entire axial length of said exterior cylindrical surface.
  • Figure 1 shows a general electrophotographic image forming apparatus, with an electrophotographic image forming apparatus that includes a paper ejector 1, a keypad 2, a control board cover 3, an upper-cover opening button 4, paper indication windows 5, a multi-purpose paper feed tray 6, a paper cassette 7, an optional cassette 8, and an auxiliary paper support 9.
  • FIG 2 is a cross-sectional view of a conventional fusing roller apparatus of an electrophotographic image forming apparatus, which uses a halogen lamp as a heat source.
  • Figure 3 is a sectional view of the fusing roller of Figure 2 with the halogen lamp as a heat source and a pressure roller, as used in the conventional electrophotographic image forming apparatus.
  • the conventional fusing roller apparatus 10 includes a cylindrical fusing roller 11 and a heat-generator 12, such as a halogen lamp, inside the fusing roller 11. As the exterior surface of fusing roller 11 must generate heat, fusing roller 11 is heated from the inside out by radiant heat from heat-generator 12.
  • a pressure roller 13 is located below the fusing roller 11 having a coated layer 11a formed of Teflon.
  • the pressure roller 13 is elastically supported by a spring assembly 13a to press the print paper 14 passing between the fusing roller 11 and the pressure roller 13 against the fusing roller 11 by a predetermined force.
  • the print paper 14 carries a toner image 14a in a powder form between the fusing roller 11 and the pressure roller 13, the print paper 14 is hot pressed by the predetermined force.
  • the toner image 14a is fused and fixed to the print paper 14 by the heat and force from the fusing roller 11 and the pressure roller 13.
  • a thermistor 15 is used for detecting and converting the surface temperature of the fusing roller 11 into an electric signal and a thermostat 16 for cutting off the power supply to the heat-generator 12, such as a halogen lamp, are installed adjacent to the fusing roller 11.
  • thermostat 16 interrupts electrical power to heat generator 12.
  • the thermistor 15 detects the surface temperature of the fusing roller 11 and transmits the result of the detection to a controller (not shown) for the printer.
  • the controller controls the power supply to the halogen lamp of heat-generator 12 according to the detected surface temperature of the fusing roller 11 to keep the surface temperature within a given range.
  • the thermostat 16 serves as a thermal protector for the fusing roller 11 and neighboring elements, which operates when the thermistor 15 and the controller fail to control the temperature of the fusing roller 11.
  • a conventional fusing roller apparatus which employs the halogen lamp as a heat source unnecessarily consumes a large amount of power, and needs a considerably long warm-up period when the image forming apparatus is turned on for image formation. In other words, after the application of power, a standby period is followed until the temperature of the fusing roller 11 reaches a target temperature, for example, for a few tens of seconds to a few minutes. For the conventional fusing roller apparatus, because the fusing roller is heated by radiant heat from the heat source, the heat transfer rate is low.
  • FIG 4 is a sectional view of a conventional fusing roller apparatus applied to an electrophotographic image forming apparatus.
  • Heating plate 22 is placed in a lower portion of a flexible cylindrical film tube 21, and a pressure roller 23 is mounted underneath the heating plate 22.
  • the film tube 21 is rotated by a separate rotation unit and is locally heated and deformed at a part between the heating plate 22 and the pressure roller 23.
  • This method of locally heating the film tube 21 by the heating plate 22 is advantageous in terms of low power consumption.
  • the local heating method is unsuitable, however, for high-speed printing.
  • FIG. 5 A fixing unit of an electrophotographic image forming apparatus incorporating a first embodiment of a fusing roller apparatus according to the present invention is shown in Figure 5, while Figure 6 is a perspective view of Figure 5 showing the structure of the fusing roller apparatus in greater detail, and Figure 7 is a longitudinal sectional view of the fusing roller apparatus of Figures 5 and 6.
  • the fixing unit 200 includes a fusing roller apparatus 210 which rotates in a direction in which a print paper 250 bearing a toner image 251 is ejected, i.e., clockwise as viewed in Figure 5, and a pressure roller 220 which rotates counterclockwise in contact with the fusing roller apparatus 210.
  • the fusing roller apparatus 210 includes a cylindrical fusing roller 212 having a protective outer cylindrical layer 211, which is formed on the surface thereof by coating with Telfon, and a heat-generator 260 installed in the fusing roller 212.
  • a thermistor 230 for sensing the surface temperature of the fusing roller 212 is mounted on the top of the fusing roller 212.
  • the heat-generator 260 is installed within the fusing roller 212 to generate heat using power supplied from an external power supply unit (not shown).
  • Heating generator 260 has an internal heat pipe 262 which is installed within the multiple turns of heating unit 213 with both ends 264 of heat pipe 262 hermetically sealed to maintain a predetermined pressure.
  • the internal heat pipe 262 accommodates a working fluid 214 at a predetermined volume quantity.
  • the thermistor 230 for sensing the surface temperature of the fusing roller 212 and protective layer 211 is installed above the fusing roller 212 in contact with the protective layer 211.
  • a thermostat 240 for cutting off the power of a power supply unit when the surface temperature of the fusing roller 212 and protective layer 211 rapidly increases is also installed above the fusing roller 212.
  • the heating unit 213 is supplied with power from the external power supply unit to generate heat.
  • the heating unit 213 is constructed as a spiral resistive heating coil contacting the inside of the fusing roller and the outside of the internal heat pipe 262.
  • Thermistor 230 is in direct physical contact with protective layer 211 and senses the temperature of the protective layer 211.
  • the inner space formed by the interior cylindrical cavity 242 of the fusing roller 212 is occupied by heat-generator 260.
  • Heating unit 213 may be a helical winding of multiple turns made with a spiral resistance heating coil installed along inner cavity 242 in direct physical contact with the inner cylindrical wall of fusing roller 212.
  • the heating unit 213 includes a heat-generating wire 213a formed of an electrically resistive material such as either iron chromium (Fe-Cr) or nickel-chromium (Ni-Cr) coil, and an electrically insulating covering layer 213c formed of an electrical dielectric material such as magnesium oxide (MgO) protects the heat-generating wire 213a.
  • Insulating covering layer 213b of the heating unit 213 prevents deformation or characteristic changes in heat-generating wire 213a, which are prone to occur over time or are caused by temperature variations in a working fluid 214 to be described later.
  • An outer layer 213b made of a relatively inert material such as stainless steel, forms a protective sheath around insulating layer 213c.
  • Both ends of the heater 213a are not covered with the covering layer 213b to form electrical contacts 215 at both ends of the fusing roller 212.
  • Each end of the covering layer 213b is finished by a seal 213d in order to prevent the dielectric layer 213c formed of MgO being exposed to air.
  • the seal 213d is formed of zirconia (ZrO 2 ) ceramic to improve heat-resistance, corrosion-resistance and endurance.
  • the resistance of the heating unit 213 is 25-40 ⁇ with respect to 220V AC power and 5-20 ⁇ with respect to 110V AC power.
  • heating unit 213 is spirally wound in multiple turns of a helix, around substantially the entire axial length of the exterior cylindrical surface of heat pipe 262.
  • the average outer cylindrical diameter of the several turns of heating unit 213 is d 2 , which is slightly greater than d 1 .
  • opposite axially directed forces F are applied to electrodes 215 at axially opposite ends of coil 213 to reduce the diameter of coil 213 to a value, that is less than d 1 , while heat pipe 262 together with heating unit 213 are inserted coaxially into the interior cavity 242 of fusing roller 212.
  • the outer surfaces of each loop of coil 213 are in direct physical and thermal contact with interior circumferential surface 246 of fusing roller 212; in essence, the removal of force F allows coil 213 to assume an outer cylindrical diameter d 1 , equal to the inner diameter of fusing roller 212.
  • the pitches x 1 , x 2 between neighboring loops of coil 213 are not necessary equal. What is important however, is that most, or all of the exterior surface of each loop of coil 213 lie in direct physical and thermal contact with interior cylindrical surface 246 of heat pipe 212.
  • heat generator 260 is installed within the internal cavity 242 of fusing roller 212
  • air pressure is applied to the interior of heat pipe 262 in order to expand the cylindrical wall of heat pipe 262 radially outwardly until the inner surfaces of heating unit 213 are substantially in direct physical contact with the cylindrical outer surface of heat pipe 262 and simultaneously in direct physical and thermal contact with the interior cylindrical surface 246 of fusing roller.
  • the interior cavity of heat pipe 262 is then filled with a predetermined quantity of working fluid 214 and heat pipe 262 is hermetically sealed at a predetermined pressure.
  • the working fluid 214 is contained in the sealed inner space of heat pipe 262 in around the cylindrical exterior of which heat-generator is installed.
  • the working fluid 214 is contained in an amount of 5-50% by volume, and preferably, 5-15% by volume based on the inner volume 268 of heat pipe 262.
  • the working fluid 214 prevents local surface temperature deviations of the rotating fusing roller 212, which could otherwise occur due to the presence of the heating unit 213, based on the principles of a heat pipe, and serves as a thermal medium capable of uniformly heating the entire cylindrical volume of heating pipe 262 and simultaneously, of fusing roller 212 within a shorter period of time than is currently available with conventional apparatus.
  • the amount of the working fluid 214 is less than about 5% by volume based on the volume of the fusing roller 212, a dry-out phenomenon is likely to occur in which the working fluid is not fully vaporized and liquified immediately after vaporization should have otherwise occurred.
  • Heat pipe 262 may be formed of a stainless steel (such as 304SS) or copper (Cu). If heat pipe 262 is formed of stainless steel, most of the well-known working fluids, except for water (distilled water) can be used. FC-40 (available from 3M Corporation ) is the most preferred alternative to water as working fluid 214. Meanwhile, if the heat pipe 262 is formed of copper, almost all of the well-known working fluids can be used. Water (e.g., distilled water) is the most preferred working fluid for heat pipe 262 made of copper.
  • End caps 264 are coupled to both of the axially opposite ends of heat pipe 262 to seal the interior cylindrical cavity of heat pipe 262 and thereby form a vacuum tight sealed inner space 268.
  • the axially opposite terminal ends of coil 213 form electrodes 215 that extend axially beyond heat pipe 262 to operationally engage electrical contacts such as slip rings (not shown) that in turn, provide an electrical current through coil 213.
  • Non-conductive brushings and gear-binding caps may also be mounted on the exterior cylindrical surface of fusing rollers.
  • the electrodes 215 are electrically connected to electrically conducting end leads of heat coil 213 of heat-generator 260.
  • fusing roller apparatus 210 having the structure described above is rotated by a separate rotation unit.
  • additional parts may be installed.
  • a gear-binding cap is an additional part to be coupled to a rotating spur gear required for rotating fusing roller apparatus 210.
  • a fixing unit 200 of the electrophotographic image forming apparatus constructed according to the principles of the present invention, as an electrical current flows into the heat-coil 213 through electrodes 215, i . e ., from an electrical power supply, heat-coil 213 generates heat due to resistance heating as the electrical current flows through helical coil 213 of heat generator 260, and fusing roller 212 is heated from the inside out by the resulting heat.
  • working fluid 214 contained in heat pipe 262 is vaporized by the heat.
  • the heat generated by helical coil 213 is transferred to the cylindrical wall of the fusing roller 212, and at the same time the body of the fusing roller 212 is uniformly heated by the vaporized working fluid.
  • the surface temperature of the fusing roller 212 reaches a target fusing temperature within a substantially shorter period of time.
  • a wick 244 made of a perforated layer or screen of metal made from copper or stainless steel is formed in a cylindrical shape to serve as a capillary; wick 244 may be placed along interior circumferential surface 266 of heat pipe 262.
  • Suitable materials for heat pipe 262 are listed in Table 2.
  • FC-40 or water (distilled water), previously described, or the materials listed in Table 3 may be used as working fluid 214.
  • water (distilled water) is selected as working fluid 214, the fusing roller apparatus can be implemented at low cost without environmental concern. Once the temperature of the fusing roller 212 reaches a target fusing temperature at which the toner image is fused, the toner image is transferred (i.e., permanently bonded) to the printable paper.
  • the vaporized working fluid changes back into its liquid phase inside the cavity 268 of heat pipe 262.
  • the liquefied working fluid may be subsequently heated again by heat-generator 260 to vaporize, so that the temperature of the fusing roller 212 can be maintained at a predetermined temperature.
  • a fusing roller apparatus constructed according to the present invention can reach the target temperature within approximately ten seconds. Then, the surface temperature of the fusing roller 212 is maintained by intermitted application of an electrical current to heating unit 213,within a predetermined range of temperature by the thermistor 230 in response to the surface temperature of the fusing roller 212 sensed by thermistor 230.
  • a thermostat 240 located in close operational proximity to the cylindrical surface of fusing roller 212 senses the surface temperature of the fusing roller 212 and cuts off the supply of electrical current to coil 213 to prevent overheating.
  • the power supply operation may be varied depending on the target temperature. It will be appreciated that the power supply operation can be controlled by such control techniques as periodic power on/off control or a duty cycle ratio.
  • a fusing roller apparatus having the configuration described in the forgoing paragraphs may be manufactured by the steps of:
  • argon gas is injected into interior cavity 268 of the metal tube via the working fluid inlet for the purpose of preventing oxidation of the heat pipe.
  • extraneous gases are purged from the inner volume 268 and the inner volume is evacuated and is repeatedly heated and cooled under a vacuum so as to exhaust all gases out of the inner volume of the heat pipe, thereby removing substantially all foreign substances adhering to the inner wall of the heat pipe.
  • the heat pipe is heated to a temperature of 250°C with an internal pressure of forty (40) atmospheres.
  • interior cavity 268 should have a perfect pressure; that is, there should be no molecules within cavity 268.
  • FIGs 8 and 9 illustrate the thermal mode of operation of the embodiment shown in Figure 7.
  • the individual turns of heating unit 213 either directly heat fusing roller 212 or heat pipe 262 by thermal conduction, as indicated by arrows K and indirectly heat the air space represented by gap A between neighboring turns of heating unit 213, as indicated by Arrows L.
  • those turns also indirectly heat either working fluid 214 or fusing roller 212, by radiant heating, as indicated by arrows M.
  • Temperature T 1 , T 3 taken in radial alignment with two neighboring turns of heating unit 213 provides substantially identical rise time and temperature profile, as shown by Figure 9 over both the transient time t 1 and the transient time t 2 .
  • Temperature T 2 measured within gap A between those two neighboring turns of heating unit 213, initially follows temperature T 1 , T 3 , but subsequently lags those temperatures with lower temperature measurement, over the transient temperature rise time t 1 . Subsequently, during the quiescent period t 2 , all three temperatures are substantially identical.
  • an intermediate portion, or spacer 213' may be inserted between heat pipe 262 and fusing roller 212 for transmitting heat from the heating unit 213 and the heat pipe 262 to the fusing roller 212, in a gap A between adjacent spirals of a resistive heating unit 213.
  • the height t 1 of spacer 213' is equal to the height t 2 of the heating unit 213 or greater to form a space E as large as the difference between the height t 1 of 213' and the height t 2 of the heating unit 213.
  • the space E contains air, so that heat generated by the heating unit 213 is transmitted to the fusing roller 212 as radiant heat via the air.
  • spacer 213' filling the gap A and transmitting heat from a heating coil and heat pipe 262 to fusing roller 212
  • heat conductivity can be considerably enhanced with the design shown by Figures 10, 11 and 12 compared to a design that uses only a heating coil for heat transmission, and the temperature of the entire fusing roller 212 is uniformly increased to a target temperature.
  • a material having excellent heat conductivity particularly, with a group 10 material such as aluminum (A1), used to construct spacer 213'.
  • Heat pipe 262 has a right cylindrical pipe shape and is hermetically sealed at both of its ends. A predetermined amount of the working fluid 214 is contained in the internal cavity 268 of heat pipe 262. Preferably, a netlike wick structure 244 is provided on the inside of heat pipe 262 so that heat from the heating unit 213 can be uniformly transmitted throughout the interior of heat pipe 262 within a short time. It is apparent that various modifications can be made for uniform heat transmission throughout heat pipe 262.
  • the working fluid 214 is evaporated due to heat generated and transmitted from the heating unit 213 and transmits the heat to the fusing roller 212, thereby functioning as a thermal medium which prevents significant difference in the surface temperature over the axial length of the fusing roller 212, and heats the entire fusing roller 212 within a very short time.
  • the working fluid 214 has a volume rate of 5-50%, preferably, 5-15%, with respect to the volume of the internal cavity 268.
  • the volume rate of the working fluid 214 is no greater than about 5%, a probability of dry-out phenomenon is very high. Accordingly, it is preferable to avoid a design that uses working fluid 214 having a volume that is no greater than 5% of the volumetric capacity of cavity 268.
  • the working fluid 214 is selected according to the material of the heat pipe 262.
  • water that is, distilled water
  • FC-40 manufactured by the 3M Corporation.
  • Figures 12 and 13 illustrate the thermal mode of operation of the embodiment shown by Figure 10.
  • neighboring windings of heating unit 213, depending upon their radial disposition may heat either fusing roller 212 or heat pipe 262 and working fluid 214 by direct thermal conduction.
  • the neighboring turns may, due to their immediate proximity to intervening spacer 213', also directly heat spacer 213', as indicated by arrows L.
  • Spacer 213' also directly heats fusing roller 212 by thermal conduction.
  • These turns of heating unit 213 also, and again depend upon their radial disposition, indirectly heat fusing roller 212 and working fluid 214, as indicated by arrows M.
  • Spacer 213' may be made of type 10 aluminum while the fusing roller 212 is made of type 60 aluminum. Type 10 aluminum is more easily deformed however, and the spacer 213' is therefore more flexible. If heat pipe 262 is made of either copper or aluminum, when inflated by high pressure of air, the cylindrical shell of heat pipe 262 will be distorted and spacer 213' deformed to the point that both the radially inner and radially outer surface of the series 10 aluminum spacer 213' make direct physical and thermal contact simultaneously with both the outer diameter of heat pipe 262 and the interior diameter of type 60 aluminum fusing roller 212; the type 60 aluminum fusing roller however, will be not deformed.
  • a fusing roller apparatus having the configuration for the second embodiment described in the foregoing paragraphs may be manufactured by the steps of:
  • the term heat pipe refers to a heat transfer device that transfers heat from a high-heat density state to a low-heat density state using the latent heat required for the phase change of the working fluid from its liquid phase to its gaseous phase. Since the heat pipe utilizes the phase changing property of the working fluid, its coefficient of thermal conductivity is higher than any known metal.
  • the coefficient of thermal conductivity of a heat pipe operating at room temperature is a few hundreds times greater than either silver or copper having a coefficient of thermal conductivity, k , of 400 W/mk.
  • Figure 14 is a graph illustrating the phase change of a working fluid as a function of temperature rise and the heat pipe working period.
  • Table 1 shows the effective thermal conductivity of the heat pipe and other heat transfer materials.
  • Material Effective Thermal Conductivity (W/mK) Heat pipe 50,000-200,000 Aluminum 180 Copper 400 Diamond 2,000
  • Figure 15 shows the internal structure of a heat pipe incorporating a wick to provide a capillary structure within the interior of the heat pipe, and its heat transfer process according to the liquid-to-vapor and the vapor-to-liquid phase changes.
  • the resistance heating coil (not separately shown in Figure 15) and the wick are arranged in a cylindrical shape and are respectively mounted directly against the exterior cylindrical surface and directly against the interior circumferential surface of the heat tube.
  • Table 2 shows the recommended and NOT-recommended heat pipe materials for a variety of working fluids.
  • Table 3 shows a variety of suitable working fluids for different working temperature ranges. Extreme low temperature (-273 ⁇ -120°C) Low temperature (-120 ⁇ -470°C) High temperature (-450 ⁇ -2700°C) Helium Water Cesium Argon Ethanol Sodium Nitrogen Methanol, Acetone, Ammonia, Freon Lithium
  • FC-40 has a one atmosphere or less saturation pressure at a working temperature of 165°C and is considered to be a relatively suitable material.
  • Figure 16 is a graph showing the saturation pressure variations with respect to saturation temperature for FC-40 and water as a working fluid.
  • Table 4 shows the saturation pressures of FC-40 at particular saturation temperatures taken from Figure 14.
  • Saturation Temperature (°C) Saturation Pressure (bar) 100 0.15 150 0.84 200 3.2 250 9.3 300 22.54 350 47.5 400 89.5 450 154.6
  • suitable materials for the heat pipe and the thickness of its end cap are determined according to the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (i.e., ASME) code which is a safety measuring standard for pressure containers.
  • ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers
  • ⁇ max(1) maximum stresses applied to the wall
  • ⁇ max(2) semispherical end cap
  • the maximum allowable stress at an arbitrary temperature is equal to 0.25 times the maximum ultimate tensile strength at that temperature. If the vapor pressure of a working fluid in the range of the heat pipe is working temperature is equal to the saturation vapor pressure of the working fluid, the difference in pressure ( ⁇ P) is equal to the difference between the vapor pressure and atmospheric pressure.
  • Figure 17 is a graph of the ultimate tensile strength variations for a variety of heat pipe materials as a function of temperature variations for three different constructions of fusing rollers made with heat pipes of aluminum (Al), copper (Cu) and 304 stainless steel (SS304), taken over a temperature range extending between approximately 0°C and approximately 500°C.
  • Figure 18A is a graph showing the maximum allowable stress and variations of maximum stress acting upon the heat pipe wall with respect to temperature variations when FC-40 is used as a working fluid for heat pipes constructed of aluminum, copper and 304 stainless steel.
  • Figure 18B is a graph of variations of maximum stress acting upon copper heat pipe wall with respect to temperature variations when distilled water is used as a working fluid over a temperature range extending between approximately 0°C and approximately 300°C, for heat pipes constructed of aluminum, copper and 304 stainless steel.
  • the maximum allowable stress of the stainless steel (SS304) is much greater than that of either copper or aluminum. Safe operation without working leakage of the fluid is ensured for a heat pipe and end caps constructed of stainless steel (SS304) up to a working temperature of about 400°C.
  • Figures 19A and 19B are graphs that illustrate variations in the maximum stress acting upon a heat pipe copper with respect to pipe thickness variations when FC-10 and distilled water are used as a working fluid, respectively over a temperature range that extends from more than 150°C to less than 500°C.
  • the thickness of the heat pipe varies from 0.8 mm up to 1.5 mm for FC-10 used as a working fluid, and from 1.0 mm up to 1.8mm for distilled water used as a working fluid, respectively, the maximum stress acting upon the heat pipe does not change very much at an operating temperature greater than approximately 165°C , but less than 200°C.
  • Figures 20 and 21 are graphs of the temperature variations (over a range between 0°C and 400°C) measured in the middle of the fusing roller with respect to time (over a period between zero and sixty-five seconds) for the first embodiment of the fusing roller apparatus described above.
  • the fusing roller apparatus had a fusing roller made of copper and contains distilled water as a working fluid.
  • the fusing roller had a thickness of 1.0 mm, an outer diameter of 17.85 mm, and a length of 258 mm. This test was performed at a fusing roller rotation rate of 47 rpm with a spiral resistance heating coil resistance of 32 ⁇ , a voltage of 200 V, and an instantaneous maximum power consumption of about 1.5 kW.
  • the spiral resistance heating coil was in direct contact with the inner cylindrical surface of the fusing roller.
  • Figure 20 shows measurements for a fusing roller apparatus containing distilled water as a working fluid that occupies 10% of the inner volume of the fusing roller.
  • Figure 21 shows measurements for a fusing roller apparatus containing distilled water occupying 30% of the volume of the fusing roller. Referring to Figure 20, this prototype takes about 8 to 12 seconds to raise the temperature of the fusing roller from room temperature of about 22°C to an operating temperature of about 175°C and less than 14 seconds to reach 200°C. Referring to Figure 21, it takes about 13 seconds to raise the temperature of the fusing roller from room temperature of about 22°C to 175°C and only about 22 seconds to 200°C.
  • the rate of temperature increase varies depending on the volume ratio of working fluid contained in the sealed interior of the fusing roller.
  • the fusing roller is operable with an amount of working fluid occupying 5-50% of the inner space of the fusing roller.
  • the rate of temperature increase is high with only 5-15% of the volume of the fusing roller filled with working fluid.
  • a fusing roller apparatus constructed according to the present invention can form an image, i.e., can still fuse a toner image, at a high speed, faster than contemporary equipment.
  • the rate of temperature increase becomes impractically slow. Meanwhile, if the volume of the working fluid is less than 5% by volume, a dry-out phenomenon either occurs or becomes likely to occur due to the insufficient supply of the working fluid, so that the fusing roller either does not function as well or does not function at all as a heat pipe.
  • electrical power can be applied at a voltage of 90-240 volts and a frequency of 50-70 Hz, as well as at higher frequencies.
  • the fusing roller apparatus constructed according to the present invention includes a heating coil and a working fluid in the body of the metallic fusing roller having excellent conductivity, so that the surface of the fusing roller can be instantaneously heated up to a target fusing temperature to fix toner images that have been transferred to a print paper.
  • the fusing roller of the present invention can reach a target fusing temperature within a shorter period of time with reduced power consumption and the surface temperature of the fusing roller can be uniformly maintained.
  • the fusing roller apparatus of the present invention needs neither a warm-up and stand-by period, and thus any image forming apparatus, such as a printer, copy machine, or facsimile, equipped with the fusing roller apparatus of the present invention, does not need to supply power to the fusing roller to ready for printing. Thus, overall power consumption of the image forming apparatus is reduced.
  • the fusing roller apparatus of the present invention is based on the principle of a heat pipe, so that the temperature distribution in the longitudinal direction of the fusing roller can be uniformly controlled, thereby optimally improving toner fusing characteristics.
  • the fusing roller apparatus of the present invention can be easily manufactured on a mass scale, and ensure safe operation.
  • the parts of the fusing roller apparatus are compatible with other commercially available parts.
  • the quality of the fusing roller apparatus can be easily controlled.
  • a high-speed printer can be implemented with the fusing roller apparatus according to the present invention.
  • the fusing roller apparatus and the method for manufacturing the fusing roller apparatus according to the present invention provide the following advantages.
  • the fusing roller apparatus can be manufactured by simple automated processes.
  • the temperature variations in the axial, or longitudinal direction of the heat pipe are small (within the range of ⁇ 1°).
  • a high-speed printer can be easily implemented with the fusing roller apparatus.
  • the heat source and the heat pipe which are the main elements of the fusing roller apparatus, are formed as separate units, so that the fusing roller apparatus can be easily manufactured on mass scale and ensures safe operation.
  • the parts of the fusing roller apparatus are compatible with other commercially available parts. The quality of the fusing roller apparatus can be easily controlled.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fixing For Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Rolls And Other Rotary Bodies (AREA)
EP20010310591 2000-12-22 2001-12-19 Fixierrolleranordnung eines elektrophotographischen Bilderzeugungsgeräts mit Heizspule um eine Wärmeübertragungswalze Expired - Lifetime EP1217466B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP04017021A EP1496407B1 (de) 2000-12-22 2001-12-19 Fixierrolleranordnung eines elektrophotographischen Bilderzeugungsgeräts mit Heizspule um eine Wärmeübertragungswalze

Applications Claiming Priority (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US947657 1992-09-18
US25711800P 2000-12-22 2000-12-22
US257118P 2000-12-22
KR10-2001-0013451A KR100400003B1 (ko) 2000-12-22 2001-03-15 전자사진 화상형성 장치의 정착 롤러 장치
KR2001013451 2001-03-15
KR2001024378 2001-05-04
KR10-2001-0024378A KR100374618B1 (ko) 2001-05-04 2001-05-04 전자사진 화상형성장치의 정착롤러 장치
US09/947,657 US6571080B2 (en) 2000-12-22 2001-09-07 Fusing roller assembly having working fluid and heater coil for quick heating and low power consumption for an electrophotographic image forming apparatus and method of making the same

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04017021A Division EP1496407B1 (de) 2000-12-22 2001-12-19 Fixierrolleranordnung eines elektrophotographischen Bilderzeugungsgeräts mit Heizspule um eine Wärmeübertragungswalze

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1217466A1 true EP1217466A1 (de) 2002-06-26
EP1217466B1 EP1217466B1 (de) 2005-05-25

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EP (1) EP1217466B1 (de)
JP (1) JP3648479B2 (de)
CN (1) CN1170210C (de)
DE (2) DE60111007T2 (de)
TW (1) TWI235894B (de)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1288735A1 (de) * 2001-08-25 2003-03-05 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Heizfixiervorrichtung für ein elektrophotographisches Bilderzeugungsgerät
EP1418473A1 (de) * 2002-11-11 2004-05-12 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Heizfixierrollervorrichtung für ein elektrophotographisches Bilderzeugungsgerät
US7164880B2 (en) * 2002-08-29 2007-01-16 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Fusing device for an electrophotographic image forming apparatus
CN102650845A (zh) * 2011-02-28 2012-08-29 株式会社理光 定影装置

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100485811B1 (ko) * 2002-07-25 2005-04-28 삼성전자주식회사 화상형성장치의 정착기
CN102509917B (zh) * 2011-10-24 2013-10-30 袁芳革 一种热膨胀自锁式电源连接装置
CN106842870B (zh) * 2017-03-09 2020-03-24 上海富士施乐有限公司 图像成形设备及定影温度控制方法
KR102218420B1 (ko) * 2019-07-16 2021-02-19 주식회사 포스코 단조롤 기반 히트 파이프롤 및 그 제조방법

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EP0399376A2 (de) * 1989-05-24 1990-11-28 Onoda Cement Company, Ltd. Beheizbare Fixierrolle für ein Kopiergerät, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und elektronisches Kopiergerät mit einer solchen Rolle
JPH09197863A (ja) * 1996-01-12 1997-07-31 Minolta Co Ltd 定着装置
WO1998031194A1 (en) * 1997-01-13 1998-07-16 American Roller Company Heated roller with integral heat pipe
US6072979A (en) * 1996-12-02 2000-06-06 Aetas Technology Corporation Thermal roller of fuser

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0399376A2 (de) * 1989-05-24 1990-11-28 Onoda Cement Company, Ltd. Beheizbare Fixierrolle für ein Kopiergerät, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und elektronisches Kopiergerät mit einer solchen Rolle
JPH09197863A (ja) * 1996-01-12 1997-07-31 Minolta Co Ltd 定着装置
US6072979A (en) * 1996-12-02 2000-06-06 Aetas Technology Corporation Thermal roller of fuser
WO1998031194A1 (en) * 1997-01-13 1998-07-16 American Roller Company Heated roller with integral heat pipe

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1288735A1 (de) * 2001-08-25 2003-03-05 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Heizfixiervorrichtung für ein elektrophotographisches Bilderzeugungsgerät
US6665515B2 (en) 2001-08-25 2003-12-16 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Fusing device for electrophotographic image forming apparatus
US7164880B2 (en) * 2002-08-29 2007-01-16 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Fusing device for an electrophotographic image forming apparatus
EP1418473A1 (de) * 2002-11-11 2004-05-12 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Heizfixierrollervorrichtung für ein elektrophotographisches Bilderzeugungsgerät
US6990310B2 (en) 2002-11-11 2006-01-24 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Fusing roller device for electrophotographic image forming apparatus
US7248827B2 (en) 2002-11-11 2007-07-24 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Fusing roller device for electrophotographic image forming apparatus
CN102650845A (zh) * 2011-02-28 2012-08-29 株式会社理光 定影装置
CN102650845B (zh) * 2011-02-28 2014-08-13 株式会社理光 定影装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE60111007D1 (de) 2005-06-30
JP2002251101A (ja) 2002-09-06
EP1217466B1 (de) 2005-05-25
CN1360232A (zh) 2002-07-24
JP3648479B2 (ja) 2005-05-18
CN1170210C (zh) 2004-10-06
DE60119594T2 (de) 2007-05-10
DE60111007T2 (de) 2005-10-27
TWI235894B (en) 2005-07-11
DE60119594D1 (de) 2006-06-14

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