EP1213579A2 - System zur Analyse von Probeflüssigkeiten beinhaltend eine Lagekontrolleinheit - Google Patents
System zur Analyse von Probeflüssigkeiten beinhaltend eine Lagekontrolleinheit Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1213579A2 EP1213579A2 EP01128869A EP01128869A EP1213579A2 EP 1213579 A2 EP1213579 A2 EP 1213579A2 EP 01128869 A EP01128869 A EP 01128869A EP 01128869 A EP01128869 A EP 01128869A EP 1213579 A2 EP1213579 A2 EP 1213579A2
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- detector
- analysis
- light source
- test element
- position control
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/8483—Investigating reagent band
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/47—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection
- G01N21/4738—Diffuse reflection, e.g. also for testing fluids, fibrous materials
Definitions
- the present invention falls within the field of sample liquid analysis by use analyte-specific, disposable test elements.
- the invention is in analysis systems can be used in which the positioning of the test element relative to an evaluation unit is critical is, as is the case in particular with an optical evaluation of test elements.
- test elements in smaller analysis systems Be introduced by the user in the device, in addition to the reliable positioning easy handling also occur to make the system attractive to the user do.
- a bracket that meets these requirements and is still constructed quite simply is described in EP B 0 618 443.
- the test strip attached to its front end (distal end) has a recess inserted into the holder until a mandrel engages in the recess and positions the strip in the longitudinal direction.
- the holder has guide elements for positioning in the transverse direction.
- Test element in the area of the mandrel is held up and pressed down by a pressure element it takes on a slightly curved shape, covering the analysis area of the test element presses on the surface due to the flexibility of the test strip. Below the analysis area there is a window or a recess, so that an optical evaluation by these recesses or through the window is possible.
- a mature one Holder such as that described in EP 0 618 443, however, it cannot be excluded, that the user so the test element on the side facing away from the holder (proximal end) emphasizes that the positioning of the analysis area changes relative to the analysis result and the analyzer is falsified. This problem arises with less mature test strip holders in a reinforced form. The result of such incorrect positioning is incorrect Readings.
- this object is achieved by a system for analyzing sample liquids solved by evaluating test elements with an analysis unit, in which a to be analyzed Test element positioned by a holder in an analysis position relative to the analysis unit and the system has a position control unit with which it can be determined whether an analysis area of the test element is positioned as intended to the analysis unit.
- the position control unit has a light source for irradiating a surface of the test element, preferably the analysis area, and a detector for detection reflected from the surface Light on.
- Light source and detector are positioned so that the light intensity of specularly reflected radiation at the detector when positioned as intended of the test element is different from a light intensity in the case of incorrect positioning and with one Evaluation unit detects any incorrect positioning due to the light intensity at the detector can be.
- a first embodiment of such a system are light sources and detector positioned relative to one another in such a way that radiation specularly reflected by the test element the light source falls on the detector when the test element is positioned correctly.
- the cone of light reflects specularly reflected radiation in such a way that it is now not directly on the detector falls and the light intensity at the detector decreases.
- the inverse procedure is chosen, that is, specularly reflected radiation falls with the intended positioning not on the detector. However, mispositioning causes, the light cone of specularly reflected radiation hits the detector, whereby again the incorrect positioning can be recognized.
- An analysis system with a position control unit offers one Users thus have the advantage that incorrect analysis results by recognizing a Mispositioning can be avoided. It is also possible to mislead the user point out so that he eliminates them and with the same test element Analysis can then be performed reliably. In these embodiments, therefore avoided that the user had to use a new test element, which incurred costs would and is disadvantageous for handling reasons, since the user has to remove again Test liquid (usually piercing the fingertip).
- the present invention can be used advantageously in analysis systems in which incorrect positioning of a test element to falsify analysis results leads.
- these are optical measuring systems, in which the analysis by irradiation an analysis area of the test element and evaluation of reflected or transmitted Radiation occurs.
- a preferred area of application is furthermore the area is relatively smaller Analysis systems that are operated by the patient himself.
- One such system is for example described in document EP B 0 618 443.
- Such devices are on the market, for example under the names Accutrend®, Accu Check®, Glucotrend® and Glucometer® available.
- the invention is of particular importance in systems in which Test elements are used, which are bendable along their longitudinal axis and which from Analyzer can only be held at one end.
- test strip holder is used in the device according to EP B 0 779 983 which the test strip is held both at its distal end and in an area, located proximal to the analysis area. This will cause the test strip to bend Avoided along its longitudinal axis in the region of the analysis area and thus any misalignments resulting from this. The price paid for this is however in the Quite high in terms of user comfort.
- sample liquid usually rule Blood
- test element holders are preferred used, in which the test element is only held at its distal end and the remaining area of the test element is freely accessible from the top. This offers the comfort of the user that the insertion of the test element into the holder is easy and, if desired by the user, a sample liquid sample can also be done while the test element has already been positioned as intended in the analyzer for analysis is.
- the accessibility of the test element in this way is designed by the analyzer Appearance also very open and therefore appealing to the user.
- the present invention can be more optically working, in particular Analysis systems are used that are well known as such and therefore not be described in detail here.
- the invention is particularly well suited for analytical devices in which an analysis by irradiation of a Analysis area and evaluation of diffusely reflected radiation takes place.
- Appropriate device optics is, for example, in document EP 0 819 943, in particular in FIGS. 3 to 5 shown and described in the accompanying text.
- Test elements that are to be used for use in the system according to the invention do not need any special properties compared to those known in the prior art Test elements for the above To have devices.
- the present invention comes Particularly to be carried with test elements that can be bent along their longitudinal axis and are commonly referred to as test strips. Such streaks have enforced especially because they are easy and inexpensive to manufacture also from Users are easy to use.
- they have a strip-shaped support a flexible plastic. Typical dimensions are, for example, in the range of 4 cm x 7mm and 1mm thick.
- An analysis area is arranged on or in this strip Sample liquid is brought into contact and an optically detectable change depending from the analyte concentration.
- test element preferably also the analysis area, at least impinging radiation partly reflecting.
- the detection serves to be specularly reflected Radiation to control the position of the analysis area. It is preferred if the position control directly on the analysis area, this should not be possible because for example, the proportion of specularly reflected radiation compared to the proportion of diffusely reflected Radiation is too small, a region of the region adjacent to the analysis region can also be used Test element can be used for position control.
- the area can also of the test element on which the position control is to be carried out, for example by vapor deposition or sputtering a reflective material that a Position control is easily possible due to specularly reflected radiation.
- a reflective material that a Position control is easily possible due to specularly reflected radiation.
- too an appropriate material for the support of the test element can be selected.
- it is usually not necessary to check the position outside the analysis area because the analysis area itself is usually sufficiently high reflective Has reflection. Even materials that appear diffuse to the viewer, such as impregnated nonwovens, naturally have a proportion of reflective reflection, which for a analytical evaluation of the analysis area with diffusely reflecting radiation is often undesirable is.
- Figure 1 is the structure of a test element (10), which is called Gluccotrend® is commercially available. It can be seen that the reagent matrix (14) is arranged on a transparent film (13). With this test strip, the sample (40) abandoned from the top and an analytical evaluation is carried out by irradiation of the Reagent matrix from the bottom and detection of diffusely reflected radiation. The one through the Recess (15) in the optically accessible area thus represents the analysis area of the Test element. Due to the film (13), which reflective properties has with this test strip a position control using specularly reflected Radiation easily possible, even if the reagent matrix as such is predominantly diffusely reflective Has properties. From FIG. 1 there is also a recess (16) on to recognize the distal end of the strip, with which, as already described, a holder takes place. A more detailed description of the test element, to which reference is hereby made, can be found in US 6,036,919.
- the mode of operation of the invention is shown schematically with reference to FIG. 2.
- the test strip (10) is inserted with its distal end into the analysis unit (20) so that a Recess of the test element is held at the distal end by a mandrel (21) and that Test element proximal to the recess is pressed down by an edge (22).
- Figure 2A shows the intended positioning of the test element for evaluation by a Analysis unit.
- the device (20) has below the analysis area (11) of the test element a recess through which the analysis area can be irradiated from the underside is.
- the analysis unit which has a light source (30), is arranged below the recess. and includes a detector (31). As a light source are in the state of the art for this purpose Known light sources suitable.
- light emitting diodes can be used.
- a semiconductor detector such as a photodiode or a photovoltaic can be used as the detector (31) Element can be used.
- the light source (30) is arranged that it illuminates the analysis area (11) at an acute angle to the surface normal.
- the Detector (31) is positioned in such a way that radiation specularly reflected by the analysis area falls on him. If the strip, as shown in Figure 2B, from its intended Positioning removed what z. B. by lifting the end of the test element by the user or Resting of the proximal end of the test strip on an object can happen.
- An incorrect positioning can in such a method by comparing the sensor signal with a Threshold value, with a blank value without a test element or another measurement value when the Test element done.
- Threshold value a Threshold value
- Other preferred evaluation methodologies are related described with a system that is also an optical element for analytical evaluation of the test element shows which have been omitted in Figure 2 for the sake of clarity.
- FIG. 3A shows a plan view of a device board with a test element holder attached to it (120) and optics area with a semiconductor detector (131) and illumination optics (Y) comprising three LEDs directly bonded to the board, as well as lenses above the LEDs.
- the lighting optics is explained in more detail in connection with FIG. 4 become.
- FIG. 3B shows the circuit board of FIG. 3A, but additionally with a removable one Plastic insert (140).
- the insert (140) has a groove (141) for receiving it of test elements and for lateral guidance of the test elements.
- the primary object of the present invention is detection of positional deviations in the vertical.
- a test element in the test strip holder 3B it can be due to carelessness or systematic operating errors
- the end of the test element protruding from the device is raised. and the analysis area of the test element moves away from the evaluation optics.
- Device optics in cooperation with a suitable evaluation unit.
- Figure 4 shows the section (Y) from Figure 3A, the light emitting diodes and the ones above Lenses (1a ', 1b', 2 ') shows. From Figure 4 dimensions can also be seen, from which the strong Miniaturization of the analysis system becomes apparent.
- Three light sources can be seen in FIG. 4, of which two light-emitting diodes (1a and 1b) are equidistant from the detector (131). These light-emitting diodes serve both to carry out an analytical evaluation of the test element as well as a detection of whether a sufficient amount of sample is sufficiently homogeneous the analysis area was abandoned. This functionality, known as underdosing detection is described in European patent application EP A 0 819 943.
- the light emitting diodes and the detector are arranged geometrically to one another in such a way that only diffusely reflected Radiation from the underside of the analysis area arrives at the detector.
- the light emitting diode 2 which is used for position control, is arranged so that when used as intended Positioning the analysis area, d. H. if the test strip is on the bottom surface the groove (141) rests, no specularly reflected radiation falls into the detector. Becomes however, the test element is raised at its unsupported end (proximal end), so more and more specularly reflected radiation falls into the detector and the signal rises.
- the geometrical arrangement of the units is shown in FIG. 5 as a section through line 2-2 in FIG. 3A shown in more detail. In FIG.
- the light source 2 is only closed as a small black dot recognize that is arranged below the lens 2 '.
- the detector (131) is due to its flat Extension better to see.
- the area between the detector and light source is off black plastic made to serve as a light trap. It is also above the detector (131) an optical window (131 ') arranged, the solid angle for incident light limited.
- FIG. 6 shows the relative reflectance that occurs at the detector (131) when the different ones are activated LEDs are obtained depending on the distance between the bearing surface of the Test element (i.e. the bottom of the gutter (141) and the analysis area).
- the abscissa is there the specified distance in mm again.
- On the ordinate is the quotient between the intensity indicated on the detector at a given distance with proper positioning.
- the quotient and thus also the Signal intensity when removing the analysis area from the intended position.
- the lower curve which with triangles is marked, gives the quotient of the signal values described above when activated the LED 1a again.
- the quotient and thus the intensity decrease when the analysis area is removed from the optical unit.
- This effect results from the fact that the solid angle from which the detector receives radiation decreases.
- it has been shown to be the difference from that with the light emitting diode 2 received intensity and the intensity obtained with LED 1 to form. This There is still a difference in which relative intensities can also advantageously be included more sensitive to a change in position than the signal of the LED 2 alone.
- the LEDs 1a, 1b and 2 are activated sequentially. This can be done via a microprocessor-controlled control unit, which also functions as an evaluation unit of the intensity values obtained with the detector can be used.
- a microprocessor-controlled control unit which also functions as an evaluation unit of the intensity values obtained with the detector can be used.
- For position control the light source 2 is activated and the intensity signal present in this time interval is stored.
- An advantage over an operation that is constant over time is one in which a frequency is superimposed on the control signal of the light-emitting diode, and this at the detector received signal is evaluated via a lock-in amplifier, so that ambient light influences can be eliminated.
- a position control is particularly important at two points in the analysis important. One point in time is the measurement of the blank value.
- the position control ensures that the blank value is not caused by moving the analysis area away from the Measuring optics is falsified. In such a case, the meter would be wrong Use a blank value for the analytical evaluation and / or incorrect timing of the cause other measuring sequence.
- the test field is for a temporal change in the signal monitored (e.g. a measurement every second). If this signal changes, will usually concludes that a sample has been applied (or that the strip has been removed a sample application outside the device) and it is switched to a Kinetikv Facilitung.
- Kinetic tracking is based on the fact that the observed signals are signals that change over time, since usually after the sample liquid has been applied a chemical reaction with kinetics takes place in the analysis field. This change in time is measured continuously or at intervals (typically between 2s and 0.5s) was detected. A position detection / control with blank value measurement is also important to prevent the kinetics from being tracked by changing the position of the test element is started even though no sample has yet been submitted. This would be completely wrong Lead results.
- the second critical point is the analytical evaluation as such, which is preferred is triggered by the fact that the temporal signal change at the detector when illuminated with LED 1a or 1b falls below a predetermined threshold. If this is the case, the actual analytical measurement initiated, for which purpose with the light sources 1a and 1b in succession measured and preferably an average of the detector signals used for evaluation becomes. At close intervals, i.e. H. preferably at an interval of less than 1 Second, a position detection is also carried out to ensure that the Detector signals during the intended positioning of the test element were recorded. Furthermore, measured values that are separated in time can form a falsify analysis result because the chemical reaction in the analysis area continues.
- the device issues a corresponding error message.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (14)
- System zur Analyse von Probeflüssigkeiten durch Auswertung von Testelementen mit einer Analyseeinheit (20), wobei ein zu analysierendes Testelement(10) durch eine Halterung (21, 22, 120, 140) in einer Analyseposition relativ zur Analyseeinheit positioniert wird und das System weiterhin eine Lagekontrolleinheit zur Kontrolle, ob ein Analysebereich des Testelementes bestimmungsgemäß zur Analyseeinheit positioniert ist, beinhaltet, wobei die Lagekontrolleinheiteine Lichtquelle (30, 2) zur Bestrahlung einer Fläche des Testelementes, vorzugsweise des Analysebereiches (11),einen Detektor (31, 131) zur Detektion von der Fläche reflektierten Lichtes undeine Auswerteeinheit umfaßt,
Lichtquelle und Detektor so zueinander positioniert sind, daß die Lichtintensität von spiegelnd reflektierter Strahlung am Detektor bei bestimmungsgemäßer Positionierung des Testelementes verschieden ist von einer Lichtintensität bei Fehlpositionierung und die Auswerteeinheit aufgrund der Lichtintensität am Detektor eine etwaige Fehlpositionierung erkennt. - System gemäß Anspruch 1, bei dem Lichtquelle, und Detektor relativ zueinander so angeordnet sind, daß bei bestimmungsgemäßer Positionierung des Testelementes spiegelnd reflektierte Strahlung auf den Detektor fällt und der Anteil von spiegelnd reflektierter Strahlung abnimmt, wenn eine Fehlpositionierung eintritt.
- System gemäß Anspruch 1, bei dem Lichtquelle und Detektor relativ zueinander so angeordnet sind, daß bei bestimmungsgemäßer Positionierung des Testelementes der Anteil der vom Testelement spiegelnd reflektierten Strahlung klein oder Null ist und bei Fehlpositionierung des Testelementes größer ist.
- System gemäß Anspruch 1, bei der mit der Analyseeinheit eine Bestrahlung des Analysebereiches vorgenommen wird und eine Konzentrationsbestimmung eines Analyten aufgrund von dem Analysebereich reflektierter oder durch den Analysebereich transmittierter Strahlung erfolgt.
- System gemäß Anspruch 4, bei dem die Analyseeinheit zur Detektion von Strahlung den Detektor der Lagekontrolleinheit verwendet.
- System gemäß Anspruch 4, bei dem die Analyseeinheit zur Bestrahlung des Analysebereiches die Lichtquelle der Lagekontrolleinheit verwendet.
- System gemäß Anspruch 1, bei dem das Testelement entlang seiner Längsachse verbiegbar ist, im Bereich des einen Endes der Achse von einer Halterung gehaltert wird und der Analysebereich von dem gehalterten Ende beabstandet ist, so daß sich bei Verbiegung des Testelementes entlang der Längsachse eine Fehlpositionierung des Analysebereiches relativ zur Analyseeinheit einstellt.
- System gemäß Anspruch 1 oder 5, bei dem die Analyseeinheit eine Meßlichtquelle besitzt und eine Steuerungseinheit die Meßlichtquelle und die Lichtquelle der Lagekontrolleinheit sequentiell ansteuert.
- System gemäß Anspruch 8, bei dem die Meßlichtquelle den Analysebereich unter einem Winkel α und die Lichtquelle der Lagekontrolleinheit den Analysebereich unter einem Winkel β gegenüber der Flächennormalen bestrahlt, wobei gilt: α<β.
- System gemäß Anspruch 1, bei dem die Lagekontrolleinheit eine zweite Lichtquelle beinhaltet, die relativ zum Detektor so positioniert ist, daß sich die Lichtintensität dieser von dem Testelement reflektierten Strahlung am Detektor umgekehrt zu der Lichtintensität der Lichtquelle zur Positionskontrolle verändert wenn das Testelement aus der bestimmungsgemäßen Positionierung herausbewegt wird.
- System gemäß den Ansprüchen 2 und 10, bei dem der Anteil von spiegelnd reflektierter Strahlung der Lichtquelle zur Positionskontrolle am Detektor zunimmt wenn eine Fehlpositionierung eintritt.
- Verfahren zur Analyse von Probeflüssigkeiten durch Auswertung von Testelementen mit einer Analyseeinheit, bei dem mit einer Lagekontrolleinheit kontrolliert wird, ob ein Analysebereich (11) des Testelementes bestimmungsgemäß zur Analyseeinheit positioniert ist, wozu eine Fläche des Testelementes, vorzugsweise der Analysebereich, von einer Lichtquelle (30, 2) bestrahlt, von der Fläche reflektierte Strahlung mit einem Detektor (31, 131) detektiert und ein vom Detektor geliefertes Signal von einer Auswerteeinheit erfaßt wird, um die Positionierung des Analysebereiches zu kontrollieren, wobei Lichtquelle und Detektor so zueinander positioniert sind, daß die Intensität von spiegelnd von dem Testelement reflektierter Strahlung am Detektor bei bestimmungsgemäßer Positionierung des Analysebereiches verschieden von einer Intensität bei Fehlpositionierung.
- Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 12, bei die Analyseeinheit eine separate Lichtquelle (1a, 1b) aufweist, jedoch zur Detektion den Detektor (131) der Lagekontrolleinheit verwendet und die Lichtquelle (2) der Lagekontrolleinheit zu einem Zeitpunkt TK und die Meßlichtquelle zu einem Zeitpunkt TA angesteuert werden und aufgrund des zum Zeitpunkt TK vom Detektor gelieferten Signales eine Kontrolle der Lage des Analysebereiches und aufgrund des zum Zeitpunkt TA gelieferten Signals eine Auswertung zur Ermittlung der Konzentration eines Analyten erfolgt.
- Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 13, bei dem die Zeitpunkte TK und TA weniger als eine Sekunde auseinander liegen.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE10061336 | 2000-12-08 | ||
DE10061336A DE10061336A1 (de) | 2000-12-08 | 2000-12-08 | System zur Analyse von Probeflüssigkeiten beinhaltend eine Lagekontrolleinheit |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP1213579A2 true EP1213579A2 (de) | 2002-06-12 |
EP1213579A3 EP1213579A3 (de) | 2004-05-26 |
EP1213579B1 EP1213579B1 (de) | 2007-05-09 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP01128869A Expired - Lifetime EP1213579B1 (de) | 2000-12-08 | 2001-12-05 | System zur Analyse von Probeflüssigkeiten beinhaltend eine Lagekontrolleinheit |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6906802B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1213579B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP3495728B2 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE362103T1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE10061336A1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2284579T3 (de) |
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EP2408931A2 (de) * | 2009-03-20 | 2012-01-25 | Roche Diagnostics GmbH | Testelement zum bestimmen einer körperflüssigkeit und verfahren zum messen |
WO2013135669A1 (de) | 2012-03-12 | 2013-09-19 | Roche Diagnostics Gmbh | Testsystem und verfahren zur kontrolle der ausrichtung eines teststreifens |
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US10318915B2 (en) | 2012-09-26 | 2019-06-11 | Thuban, Inc. | Healthcare system for recording and monitoring transactions of system participants |
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JP6379385B2 (ja) * | 2014-09-20 | 2018-08-29 | テラメックス株式会社 | 検査ユニットおよび検体分析装置 |
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- 2001-12-05 DE DE50112478T patent/DE50112478D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-12-05 EP EP01128869A patent/EP1213579B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-12-05 AT AT01128869T patent/ATE362103T1/de active
- 2001-12-05 JP JP2001371411A patent/JP3495728B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-12-05 ES ES01128869T patent/ES2284579T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
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US5246858A (en) * | 1991-02-27 | 1993-09-21 | Boehringer Mannheim Corporation | Apparatus and method for analyzing a body fluid |
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Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1921441A1 (de) * | 2006-11-07 | 2008-05-14 | F. Hoffman-la Roche AG | Verfahren zum Analysieren einer Probe auf einem Testelement und Analysesystem |
CN101178399B (zh) * | 2006-11-07 | 2011-10-05 | 霍夫曼-拉罗奇有限公司 | 用于分析测试元件上样品的方法以及分析系统 |
EP2408931A2 (de) * | 2009-03-20 | 2012-01-25 | Roche Diagnostics GmbH | Testelement zum bestimmen einer körperflüssigkeit und verfahren zum messen |
EP2636751A3 (de) * | 2009-03-20 | 2013-12-18 | Roche Diagniostics GmbH | Verfahren zum Bestimmen einer Körperflüssigkeit |
WO2013135669A1 (de) | 2012-03-12 | 2013-09-19 | Roche Diagnostics Gmbh | Testsystem und verfahren zur kontrolle der ausrichtung eines teststreifens |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE10061336A1 (de) | 2002-06-13 |
EP1213579A3 (de) | 2004-05-26 |
ATE362103T1 (de) | 2007-06-15 |
US6906802B2 (en) | 2005-06-14 |
DE50112478D1 (de) | 2007-06-21 |
JP2002228659A (ja) | 2002-08-14 |
ES2284579T3 (es) | 2007-11-16 |
EP1213579B1 (de) | 2007-05-09 |
US20020167668A1 (en) | 2002-11-14 |
JP3495728B2 (ja) | 2004-02-09 |
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