EP1210489B1 - Pneumatic structural element - Google Patents

Pneumatic structural element Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1210489B1
EP1210489B1 EP01903559A EP01903559A EP1210489B1 EP 1210489 B1 EP1210489 B1 EP 1210489B1 EP 01903559 A EP01903559 A EP 01903559A EP 01903559 A EP01903559 A EP 01903559A EP 1210489 B1 EP1210489 B1 EP 1210489B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hollow body
tension elements
structural component
pressure rod
component according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP01903559A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1210489A1 (en
Inventor
Mauro Pedretti
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Airlight Ltd (AG)
Prospective Concepts AG
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Airlight Ltd (AG)
Prospective Concepts AG
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Publication of EP1210489A1 publication Critical patent/EP1210489A1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H15/00—Tents or canopies, in general
    • E04H15/20—Tents or canopies, in general inflatable, e.g. shaped, strengthened or supported by fluid pressure
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H15/00—Tents or canopies, in general
    • E04H15/20—Tents or canopies, in general inflatable, e.g. shaped, strengthened or supported by fluid pressure
    • E04H2015/202—Tents or canopies, in general inflatable, e.g. shaped, strengthened or supported by fluid pressure with inflatable panels, without inflatable tubular framework
    • E04H2015/203—Tents or canopies, in general inflatable, e.g. shaped, strengthened or supported by fluid pressure with inflatable panels, without inflatable tubular framework supported by a non-inflatable structure or framework
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H15/00—Tents or canopies, in general
    • E04H15/20—Tents or canopies, in general inflatable, e.g. shaped, strengthened or supported by fluid pressure
    • E04H2015/202—Tents or canopies, in general inflatable, e.g. shaped, strengthened or supported by fluid pressure with inflatable panels, without inflatable tubular framework
    • E04H2015/205—Tents or canopies, in general inflatable, e.g. shaped, strengthened or supported by fluid pressure with inflatable panels, without inflatable tubular framework made from two sheets with intermediate spacer means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a pneumatic component according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the compressive forces are due to numerous carbon fiber types taken, which between two separately to be built Abutment - for example made of reinforced concrete - clamped are.
  • the pneumatic part of the components described there only has the task, the pressure against especially lateral Buckling to stabilize.
  • the task The present invention is in the creation of pneumatic components with tension and compression elements, which simple and inexpensive, easy to complex Components and buildings such as roofs and bridges joined together can be and their erection also very fast can be done.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of a first exemplary embodiment of the inventive concept.
  • the component shown here consists of an elongated, substantially cylindrical acted upon by compressed air hollow body 1 of the length L and with a longitudinal axis A , which is made of a flexible and airtight material.
  • a pressure bar 2 which can be subjected to axial forces is mounted. Its ends are designed as nodes 3, to each of which two tension elements 4 are attached.
  • the axial ends of the hollow body 1 each carry a cap 5; For example, one of these caps 5 is equipped with a valve 6 for loading and venting of the hollow body 1.
  • the two tension elements 4 wrap around the hollow body 1 helically in opposite circumferential direction, for example, once each with a constant pitch. Therefore, they overlap each other at a point 8 in the middle of a 2 lying opposite the push rod 2 surface line pressure rod 2 and surface line 7 are both in a plane of symmetry E , which also contains the designated A longitudinal axis of the hollow body 1.
  • the push rod 2 is mounted on the hollow body 1 that he example, in the flaccid state of the hollow body. 1 can be inserted, as shown in Fig. 3a, b is shown. In order to it is secured against lateral buckling.
  • Various Embodiments of the node 3 are known and the civil engineer familiar, which omits here on their representation can be.
  • Fig. 2 shows a loading example of the device according to Fig. 1a, b.
  • a lying in the plane of symmetry E force F m acts on the center of the push rod 2. This is supported in the node 3. Neglecting the intrinsic weight of the component, bearing forces F A then act on each node 3.
  • pure compressive forces F s act on the pressure rod 2 and pure tensile forces F z in the tension elements 4
  • Vector components of these tensile forces which are perpendicular to the plane of symmetry E , each compensate to zero, but the component perpendicular to the plane of symmetry E grant a high rigidity and buckling strength.
  • the limit load of such a component results from the fact that caused by the tension of the tension elements 4 surface pressure (in N / m 2 ) of the hollow body 1 must be smaller than the pressure prevailing in the hollow body 1 overpressure p.
  • FIG. 3a, b, c are illustrations of some details of execution of the hollow body 1.
  • An outer Sleeve 10 for example made of a textile fabric, takes over the force and tension stresses.
  • an airtight tube 11 of a suitable Elastomer which by the shell 10 in its shape is defined and held.
  • the cuff 13 takes the Push rod 2, the cuffs 12, the tension elements 4, which executed here as a flat band.
  • a functional unit which as Druckkorper 14th is designated and for example made of a plastic-coated Tissue exists, which in a known manner either sewn and sealed, welded or glued.
  • the sleeves 12, 13 carries the Druckkorper 14th a plurality of tabs 15, 16, wherein the simple tabs 15 for the tension elements 4 are provided whose position by their property is defined as geodetic lines, the tabs 16 executed for the push rod 2 but as so-called.
  • Capstan tabs are, which wrap around the push rod 2 once. in the flaccid state of the Druckkorpers 14 are the tabs 16th easy, the push rod can be inserted easily.
  • the The component can be put, the materials used be adapted in a wide range.
  • textile materials such as polyester ropes and fabric for the tension elements 4 and the reinforcement of the hollow body 1 fully sufficient and also cost-effective.
  • the Push rod 2 can even simple materials such as bamboo stem to be used. Since the push rod 2 against lateral buckling by the cuffs 13 well secured is, the push rod 2 also from buttocks stumping single pieces be composed.
  • FIGS. 3a, b, c are without restrictive character; with the slogan of this Details familiar specialist will be many more solutions for the details are available.
  • the first embodiment of the pneumatic component According to Fig. 1a, b, 2 is preferably suitable for a Point load in the middle of the component or for a uniform distributed load. Shall optimize the load distribution be used for other load attack points, so can the number of Tensile elements 4 are propagated. This will be described with reference to FIG. 4a until e shown.
  • each tension element 4 describes two complete cycles around the hollow body 1 and is for example also attached to the pressure rod 2 at L / 2 , If the component according to the invention is used as a support beam or an element corresponding to it, a support at L / 2 is necessary according to the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 4b.
  • this exemplary embodiment is in that of Fig. 4a at halved L.
  • the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 4 c is with regard to Tensile elements 4, a superposition of those ACCORDANCE FIG. 4a and b. Since the hollow body 1 as in Fig. 4a at L / 2 by the tension elements 4 underlined, here is no middle support of notes. Furthermore, the preference for point loads is also eliminated L / 2.
  • FIG. 4d there are three pairs of tension elements 4 used; the device becomes so for line loads suitable. In the places 8, where the tension elements 4, these are mutually secured against displacement.
  • Fig. 4e shows the use of two parallel to each other shifted pairs of traction elements 4. The not in the ends of the push rod 2 attaching tension elements 4 are on This point is also saved in node elements. Also this execution defuses the preference for point loads in L / 2.
  • FIGS. 5, 6 Two exemplary embodiments in the form of non-cylindrical hollow body 1 are shown in FIGS. 5, 6. That of FIG. 5 has a toroidal hollow body 1; the associated one Push rod 2 is then, for example nikbogenformig.
  • FIG. 6 is a double cone with for example nikbogenformiger generatrix.
  • truncated cone-shaped hollow body 1 in the inventive concept jointly contain
  • yoke 19 summarizes all nodes 3 a bridge side together and initiates the bearing force F A in the components.
  • the yoke 19 is shown transparent in Fig. 7 waiving any technical detail, since the formation of such yokes 19 is known in the art.
  • push rod 2 and tension elements 4 existing pneumatic components are for example Wood planks laid 20 and in a conventional manner with each other and the letter 2 connected. Not shown other end of the bridge 18 is executed in the same way.
  • other known types of coverings are possible for the bridge, such as perforated plates or other suitable Shapes and materials.
  • Valves 6 are also not shown - as the state of the art - are the Valves 6 and a possibly summarizing collection tube for simultaneous and pressure equal inflation of the hollow body 1.
  • Fig. 8 is a representation of another exemplary embodiment of the inventive concept. 8a shows a side view, Fig. 8b is a plan view and Fig. 8c is a cross section.
  • the hollow body 1 is the same, as those gemass Fig. 1 including the various manufacturing variants.
  • the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 8 has two laterally mounted print 2 on. Each push rod 2 carries at each end a node 3 for kraft gleichigen connection of push rod 2 and tension elements 4. Although increases same pressure gauge of the hollow body 1 now its effective High from, at the same time, the device of FIG. 8 (with the Paragraph 22) but capable of positive and negative To absorb bending moments.
  • FIG. 9 shows an application example of a combination of components 22 according to FIG. 8.
  • a plurality of such components 22 are arranged side by side.
  • Each push rod 2 takes over the pressure force of two adjacent components 22 resulting from the loading of the component 22 in the direction of the vector arrows (load force F L ) in FIG. 9.
  • the walls of two adjacent hollow bodies 1 are joined along two surface lines by a seam to accommodate a push rod 2 , Gluing or welding - whereby a slow-moving pocket 21 is formed.
  • the inserted into the first still flaccid pockets 21 pin 2 between the hollow bodies 1 are clamped and secured against buckling in both directions.
  • Such an arrangement makes it possible to produce a light roof with a large span, which also has the great advantage of withstanding both snow loads and lifting wind forces.
  • FIG. 10 Another exemplary embodiment of the inventive concept shows Fig. 10.
  • Fig. 10 Here are about the cylindrical hollow body. 1 four print 2 arranged distributed regularly.
  • Push rod 2 again has a node 3 at each end, in which, for example, each two tension elements 4 attached are.
  • Fig. 10 are each to a push rod 2 owned pair of tension members each assigned to the same signatures.
  • Cuffs analogous to the cuffs 13 according to FIG. 3
  • radial buckling inwardly through the Excess pressure in the hollow body 1.
  • suitable and known per se means can be ensured that the axial pressure load on all four pressure bars is evenly distributed.

Abstract

The pneumatic structural component according to the invention comprises an essentially cylindrical airtight hollow body (1) with radius rh and length Lh and two caps (5), which is made from a flexible, but low-stretch, preferably textile material. The hollow body (1) on its side exposed to the loading it carries a pressure rod (2) of length Lh, which is secured against sideways buckling and at both its ends carries a node (3). At least one pair of tension elements (4) is joined to the pressure rod (2) in the nodes (3). The tension elements (4) run screw-shaped and contra-rotating in a whole number of circuits around the hollow body (1) and intersect each other at positions (8), which lie on a surface line (7) opposite to the pressure rod (2). The pressure rod (2), the surface line (7) and the longitudinal axis of the hollow body, referenced A define a plane E in which the engaging loads and forces lie.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein pneumatisches Bauelement nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1.The present invention relates to a pneumatic component according to the preamble of claim 1.

Pneumatische Bauelemente in der Form von aufblasbaren rohrformigen Hohlkorpern sind mehrere bekannt geworden, so beispielsweise aus US 3,894,307 (D1), US4,712,335 (D2), US 5,735,083 (D3) und FR 2,741,373 (D4). Wird ein solches Bauelement transversal belastet, so liegt die zu losende Aufgabe vor allem darin, die auftretenden Zug- und Schubkrafte aufzunehmen, ohne dass das Bauelement einknickt. Wahrend aus D3 und D4 vor allem Losungen bekannt sind, wie die Zugkrafte aufgenommen werden konnen, werden in D1 und D2 zusatzlich Losungen fur die Aufnahme von Druckkraften offenbart.Pneumatic components in the form of inflatable rohrformigen Hollow bodies have become known several, such as from US 3,894,307 (D1), US 4,712,335 (D2), US 5,735,083 (D3) and FR 2,741,373 (D4). Will such a device loaded transversely, so is the task to be solved especially in absorbing the tensile and shear forces that occur without the component buckling. While from D3 and D4 above all solutions are known as the traction forces can be recorded in D1 and D2 additional solutions disclosed for the absorption of compressive forces.

In D2 werden die Druckkrafte durch zahlreiche Kohlefaserstabe aufgenommen, welche zwischen zwei gesondert zu errichtende Widerlager - beispielsweise aus Stahlbeton - eingespannt sind. Der pneumatische Teil der dort beschriebenen Bauelemente hat nur die Aufgabe, die Druckstabe gegen vor allem seitliches Ausknicken zu stabilisieren.In D2, the compressive forces are due to numerous carbon fiber types taken, which between two separately to be built Abutment - for example made of reinforced concrete - clamped are. The pneumatic part of the components described there only has the task, the pressure against especially lateral Buckling to stabilize.

In D1 werden mehrere der beschriebenen Bauelemente parallel zusammengefasst zu einer Brucke. Die Zugkrafte werden durch untenliegende, gesondert gefuhrte Kabel aufgenommen, die Druckkrafte durch die aus Elementen aneinandergereihte Bruckenplatte. Dabei muss jedes Element gegen Ausknicken fur sich an zwei weiteren, parallel zu den pneumatischen Elementen verlaufenden, Kabeln gesichert werden.In D1 several of the described components become parallel summarized to a bridge. The traits are through underneath, separately guided cable was added, the Compressive forces due to the bridge plate made up of elements. Each element has to buckle for on two other, parallel to the pneumatic elements extending, cables are secured.

In den der vorliegenden Erfindung am nachsten liegenden Dokumenten D1, D2, werden Vorrichtungen beschrieben, welche zwar sowohl Zug-. als auch Druckelemente aufweisen, im Ubrigen jedoch sowohl in der Herstellung als auch im Einsatz sehr aufwendig sind. Uberdies sind die eigentlichen pneumatischen Elemente lediglich als Abstandshalter zwischen Zug- undIn the documents closest to the present invention D1, D2, devices are described which, though both train. as well as pressure elements, but otherwise both in production and in use very expensive are. Moreover, the actual pneumatic ones are Elements only as a spacer between train and

Druck-elementen eingesetzt und konnten in dieser Funktion auch durch andere Leichtbauelemente ersetzt werden. Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht in der Schaffung von pneumatischen Bauelementen mit Zug- und Druckelementen, welche einfach und kostengunstig hergestellt, leicht zu komplexeren Bauteilen und Bauten wie Dachern und Brucken zusammengefugt werden konnen und deren Aufrichtung zudem sehr schnell erfolgen kann.Pressure elements used and could in this function be replaced by other lightweight components. The task The present invention is in the creation of pneumatic components with tension and compression elements, which simple and inexpensive, easy to complex Components and buildings such as roofs and bridges joined together can be and their erection also very fast can be done.

Die Losung der Aufgabe ist wiedergegeben im kennzeichnenden Teil des Anspruches 1 hinsichtlich ihrer wesentlichen Merkmale, in den folgenden Anspruchen hinsichtlich weiterer vorteilhafter Ausbildungen.The solution of the problem is reproduced in the characterizing Part of claim 1 in terms of its essential characteristics, in the following claims with respect to further advantageous Training.

Anhand der beigefugten Zeichnung wird der Erfindungsgegenstand mittels mehrerer Ausfuhrungsbeispiele naher erlautert.With reference to the accompanying drawings, the subject invention explained in more detail by means of several exemplary embodiments.

Es zeigen

Fig. 1a
die schematische Darstellung eines ersten Ausfuhrungsbeispiels eines pneumatischen Bauelementes in Seitenansicht,
Fig. 1b
den Gegenstand von Fig. la in einer Perspektive,
Fig. 2
eine schematische Darstellung der Krafte,
Fig. 3a, b, c
Ausfuhrungsdetails des ersten Ausfuhrungsbeispiel,
Fig. 4a bis e
Verschiedene Anordnungen von Zugelementen in Abwicklungen,
Fig. 5
ein zweites Ausfuhrungsbeispiel,
Fig. 6
ein drittes Ausfuhrungsbeispiel,
Fig. 7
ein Beispiel fur die Anwendung des ersten Ausfuhrungsbeispiels,
Fig. 8a, b, c
ein viertes Ausfuhrungsbeispiel in drei Ansichten,
Fig. 9
ein Beispiel fur die Kombination von Bauelementen gemass Fig. 8,
Fig. 10
ein funftes Ausführungsbeispiel.
Show it
Fig. 1a
the schematic representation of a first exemplary embodiment of a pneumatic component in side view,
Fig. 1b
the object of FIG. 1a in a perspective,
Fig. 2
a schematic representation of the forces,
Fig. 3a, b, c
Detail of execution of the first exemplary embodiment,
Fig. 4a to e
Various arrangements of tension elements in unwinds,
Fig. 5
a second exemplary embodiment,
Fig. 6
a third exemplary embodiment,
Fig. 7
an example of the application of the first exemplary embodiment,
Fig. 8a, b, c
A fourth embodiment in three views,
Fig. 9
an example of the combination of components according to FIG. 8,
Fig. 10
a fifth embodiment.

Fig. 1 ist eine schematische Darstellung eines ersten Ausfuhrungsbeispiels des Erfindungsgedankens. Das hier gezeigte Bauelement besteht aus einem langgestreckten, im wesentlichen zylindrischen mit Druckluft beaufschlagten Hohlkorper 1 der Lange L und mit einer Langsachse A, welcher aus einem flexiblen und luftdichten Material gefertigt ist. Auf seiner Oberseite ist ein auf axiale Krafte beanspruchbarer Druckstab 2 angebracht. Dessen Enden sind als Knoten 3 ausgestaltet, an denen je zwei Zugelemente 4 befestigt sind. Die axialen Enden des Hohlkorpers 1 tragen je eine Kappe 5; beispielsweise eine dieser Kappen 5 ist mit einem Ventil 6 zur Be- und Entluftung des Hohlkorpers 1 ausgerustet.Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of a first exemplary embodiment of the inventive concept. The component shown here consists of an elongated, substantially cylindrical acted upon by compressed air hollow body 1 of the length L and with a longitudinal axis A , which is made of a flexible and airtight material. On its upper side, a pressure bar 2 which can be subjected to axial forces is mounted. Its ends are designed as nodes 3, to each of which two tension elements 4 are attached. The axial ends of the hollow body 1 each carry a cap 5; For example, one of these caps 5 is equipped with a valve 6 for loading and venting of the hollow body 1.

Die zwei Zugelemente 4 umschlingen den Hohlkorper 1 schraubenformig in entgegengesetztem Umlaufssinne beispielsweise je einmal mit konstanter Ganghohe. Daher uberschneiden sie einander an einer Stelle 8 in der Mitte einer dem Druckstab 2 gegenuberliegenden Mantellinie 7. Druckstab 2 und Mantellinie 7 liegen beide in einer Symmetrieebene E, welche ebenfalls die mit A bezeichnete Langsachse des Hohlkorpers 1 enthalt.The two tension elements 4 wrap around the hollow body 1 helically in opposite circumferential direction, for example, once each with a constant pitch. Therefore, they overlap each other at a point 8 in the middle of a 2 lying opposite the push rod 2 surface line pressure rod 2 and surface line 7 are both in a plane of symmetry E , which also contains the designated A longitudinal axis of the hollow body 1.

Der Druckstab 2 ist so auf dem Hohlkorper 1 angebracht, dass er beispielsweise im schlaffen Zustande des Hohlkorpers 1 eingeschoben werden kann, wie in Fig. 3a, b gezeigt wird. Damit ist er gegen seitliches Ausknicken gesichert. Verschiedene Ausfuhrungsarten der Knoten 3 sind bekannt und dem Bauingenieur gelaufig, womit hier auf deren Darstellung verzichtet werden kann.The push rod 2 is mounted on the hollow body 1 that he example, in the flaccid state of the hollow body. 1 can be inserted, as shown in Fig. 3a, b is shown. In order to it is secured against lateral buckling. Various Embodiments of the node 3 are known and the civil engineer familiar, which omits here on their representation can be.

Fig. 2 zeigt ein Belastungsbeispiel des Bauelementes gemass Fig. 1a, b. Eine in der Symmetrieebene E liegende Kraft Fm wirkt auf die Mitte des Druckstabes 2. Dieser ist in den Knoten 3 unterstutzt. Unter Vernachlassigung des Eigengewichtes des Bauelementes wirken dann Auflagerkrafte FA auf jeden Knoten 3. Wie dem Fachmann bekannt ist, wirken nun von beiden Knoten 3 aus reine Druckkrafte Fs auf den Druckstab 2 und reine Zugkrafte Fz in den Zugelementen 4, wobei sich die vektoriellen Komponenten dieser Zugkräfte, welche senkrecht zur Symmetrieebene E stehen, jeweils zu Null kompensieren, jedoch dem Bauelement senkrecht zur Symmetrieebene E eine grosse Steifigkeit und Knickfestigkeit erteilen. Die Grenzlast eines solchen Bauelementes ergibt sich daraus, dass die durch die Zugspannung der Zugelemente 4 verursachte Flachenpressung (in N/m2) des Hohlkorpers 1 kleiner sein muss, als der im Hohlkorper 1 herrschende Uberdruck p.Fig. 2 shows a loading example of the device according to Fig. 1a, b. A lying in the plane of symmetry E force F m acts on the center of the push rod 2. This is supported in the node 3. Neglecting the intrinsic weight of the component, bearing forces F A then act on each node 3. As is known to the person skilled in the art, from both knots 3, pure compressive forces F s act on the pressure rod 2 and pure tensile forces F z in the tension elements 4 Vector components of these tensile forces, which are perpendicular to the plane of symmetry E , each compensate to zero, but the component perpendicular to the plane of symmetry E grant a high rigidity and buckling strength. The limit load of such a component results from the fact that caused by the tension of the tension elements 4 surface pressure (in N / m 2 ) of the hollow body 1 must be smaller than the pressure prevailing in the hollow body 1 overpressure p.

Fig. 3a, b, c sind Darstellungen einiger Ausfuhrungsdetails des Hohlkorpers 1. Im Querschnitt gemäss Fig. 3a ist der Hohlkorper 1 in Funktionstrennung ausgefuhrt: Eine aussere Hulle 10, beispielsweise aus einem textilen Gewebe gefertigt, ubernimmt die Kraft- und Spannungsbeanspruchungen. In ihrem Inneren birgt sie einen luftdichten Schlauch 11 aus einem geeigneten Elastomer, welcher durch die Hülle 10 in seiner Form definiert und gehalten wird. Beispielsweise auf die Hulle 10 aufgenaht sind Manschetten 12, 13, welche durchgehend oder auch unterbrochen sein konnen. Die Manschette 13 nimmt den Druckstab 2 auf, die Manschetten 12 die Zugelemente 4, welche hier als flache Bander ausgefuhrt sind.Fig. 3a, b, c are illustrations of some details of execution of the hollow body 1. In the cross section according to Fig. 3a is the Hollow body 1 executed in separation of functions: An outer Sleeve 10, for example made of a textile fabric, takes over the force and tension stresses. In your Inside it harbors an airtight tube 11 of a suitable Elastomer, which by the shell 10 in its shape is defined and held. For example, on the case 10 are cuffs 12, 13, which are continuous or also be interrupted. The cuff 13 takes the Push rod 2, the cuffs 12, the tension elements 4, which executed here as a flat band.

In der Ausfuhrung gemass Fig. 3b bilden die Hulle 10 und der Schlauch 11 eine Funktionseinheit, welche als Druckkorper 14 bezeichnet wird und beispielsweise aus einem kunststoffbeschichteten Gewebe besteht, welches in bekannter Weise entweder genaht und abgedichtet, geschweisst oder geklebt ist. Als Variante zu den Manschetten 12, 13 tragt der Druckkorper 14 mehrere Laschen 15, 16, wobei die einfachen Laschen 15 für die Zugelemente 4 vorgesehen sind, deren Lage durch ihre Eigenschaft als geodatische Linien definiert ist, die Laschen 16 fur den Druckstab 2 jedoch als sog. Capstan-Laschen ausgefuhrt sind, welche den Druckstab 2 einmal umschlingen. Im schlaffen Zustande des Druckkorpers 14 sind die Laschen 16 locker, der Druckstab lasst sich ohne weiteres einschieben. Im Betriebszustande des Druckkorpers 14 sind sie jedoch straff um den Druckstab 2 gelegt und verhindern damit dessen seitliches Ausknicken. Den Anforderungen entsprechend, die an das Bauelement gestellt werden, konnen die verwendeten Materialien in einem weiten Bereich angepasst werden. Fur einfachere Anwendungen sind textile Materialien wie Polyesterseile und -Gewebe fur die Zugelemente 4 und die Bewehrung des Hohlkorpers 1 vollauf genugend und zudem kostengunstig. Fur den Druckstab 2 konnen selbst einfache Materialien wie beispielsweise Bambusstabe verwendet werden. Da der Druckstab 2 gegen seitliches Ausknicken durch die Manschetten 13 gut gesichert ist, kann der Druckstab 2 auch aus stumpf stossenden Einzelstucken zusammengesetzt sein.In the execution according to FIG. 3b form the shell 10 and the Hose 11, a functional unit, which as Druckkorper 14th is designated and for example made of a plastic-coated Tissue exists, which in a known manner either sewn and sealed, welded or glued. When Variant to the sleeves 12, 13 carries the Druckkorper 14th a plurality of tabs 15, 16, wherein the simple tabs 15 for the tension elements 4 are provided whose position by their property is defined as geodetic lines, the tabs 16 executed for the push rod 2 but as so-called. Capstan tabs are, which wrap around the push rod 2 once. in the flaccid state of the Druckkorpers 14 are the tabs 16th easy, the push rod can be inserted easily. In the operating state of the Druckkorpers 14, however, they are placed tightly around the push rod 2 and thus prevent its lateral buckling. According to the requirements, the The component can be put, the materials used be adapted in a wide range. For easier Applications are textile materials such as polyester ropes and fabric for the tension elements 4 and the reinforcement of the hollow body 1 fully sufficient and also cost-effective. For the Push rod 2 can even simple materials such as Bamboo stem to be used. Since the push rod 2 against lateral buckling by the cuffs 13 well secured is, the push rod 2 also from buttocks stumping single pieces be composed.

Fur hohe Belastungen konnen jedoch textile Materialien aus Aramidfasern und fur den Druckstab 2 Kompositmaterialien aus Kohlefasern in einer geeigneten Kunststoffmatrix vorgesehen werden.For high loads, however, can textile materials Aramid fibers and for the pressure rod 2 composite materials Carbon fibers provided in a suitable plastic matrix become.

Die in den Fig. 3a, b, c dargestellten Ausfuhrungsbeispiele sind ohne beschrankenden Charakter; dem mit der Losung dieser Details vertrauten Fachmann werden viele weitere Losungen fur die Details zur Verfugung stehen.The exemplary embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 3a, b, c are without restrictive character; with the slogan of this Details familiar specialist will be many more solutions for the details are available.

Das erste Ausführungsbeispiel des pneumatischen Bauelementes gemass Fig. 1a, b, 2 ist vorzugsweise geeignet fur eine Punktlast in der Mitte des Bauelementes oder fur eine gleichmassig verteilte Belastung. Soll die Lastverteilung optimiert werden fur andere Lastangriffsstellen, so kann die Anzahl der Zugelemente 4 vermehrt werden. Dies wird anhand der Fig. 4a bis e gezeigt.The first embodiment of the pneumatic component According to Fig. 1a, b, 2 is preferably suitable for a Point load in the middle of the component or for a uniform distributed load. Shall optimize the load distribution be used for other load attack points, so can the number of Tensile elements 4 are propagated. This will be described with reference to FIG. 4a until e shown.

Fig. 4a zeigt das Ausfuhrungsbeispiel von Fig. 1a, b und Fig. 2 in der Abwicklung des Hohlkorpers 1. In Fig. 4b beschreibt jedes Zugelement 4 zwei ganze Umlaufe um den Hohlkorper 1 und ist beispielsweise bei L/2 am Druckstab 2 ebenfalls befestigt. Wird das erfindungsgemasse Bauelement als Tragbalken oder ein ihm entsprechendes Element verwendet, so ist nach dem Ausfuhrungsbeispiel von Fig. 4b eine Stütze bei L/2 notwendig. Damit geht dieses Ausfuhrungsbeispiel in jenes von Fig. 4a über bei halbiertem L.In the embodiment of FIG. 1a, b and FIG. 2 in the development of the hollow body 1. In Fig. 4b, each tension element 4 describes two complete cycles around the hollow body 1 and is for example also attached to the pressure rod 2 at L / 2 , If the component according to the invention is used as a support beam or an element corresponding to it, a support at L / 2 is necessary according to the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 4b. Thus, this exemplary embodiment is in that of Fig. 4a at halved L.

Das Ausfuhrungsbeispiel gemass Fig. 4c ist hinsichtlich der Zugelemente 4 eine Uberlagerung jener gemass Fig. 4a und b. Da der Hohlkorper 1 wie in Fig. 4a bei L/2 durch die Zugelemente 4 unterfangen ist, ist hier keine Mittelstutze vonnoten. Ferner entfallt auch die Bevorzugung von Punktlasten bei L/2.The exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 4 c is with regard to Tensile elements 4, a superposition of those ACCORDANCE FIG. 4a and b. Since the hollow body 1 as in Fig. 4a at L / 2 by the tension elements 4 underlined, here is no middle support of notes. Furthermore, the preference for point loads is also eliminated L / 2.

Im Ausfuhrungsbeispiel gemass Fig. 4d sind drei Paare von Zugelementen 4 eingesetzt; das Bauelement wird damit fur Linienlasten geeignet. An den Stellen 8, wo sich die Zugelemente 4 uberschneiden, sind diese gegenseitig gegen Verschieben gesichert. Fig. 4e zeigt den Einsatz von zwei parallel gegeneinander verschobenen Paaren von Zugelementen 4. Die nicht in den Enden des Druckstabes 2 ansetzenden Zugelemente 4 sind an diesem Stellen ebenfalls in Knotenelementen gesichert. Auch diese Ausfuhrung entscharft die Bevorzugung von Punktlasten in L/2.In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 4d, there are three pairs of tension elements 4 used; the device becomes so for line loads suitable. In the places 8, where the tension elements 4, these are mutually secured against displacement. Fig. 4e shows the use of two parallel to each other shifted pairs of traction elements 4. The not in the ends of the push rod 2 attaching tension elements 4 are on This point is also saved in node elements. Also this execution defuses the preference for point loads in L / 2.

Zwei Ausfuhrungsbeispiele in Form nicht zylindrischer Hohlkorper 1 sind dargestellt in Fig. 5, 6. Dasjenige von Fig. 5 weist einen torusformigen Hohlkorper 1 auf; der zugehorige Druckstab 2 ist dann beispielsweise kreisbogenformig.Two exemplary embodiments in the form of non-cylindrical hollow body 1 are shown in FIGS. 5, 6. That of FIG. 5 has a toroidal hollow body 1; the associated one Push rod 2 is then, for example kreisbogenformig.

Das Ausfuhrungsbeispiel von Fig. 6 ist ein Doppelkonus mit beispielsweise kreisbogenformiger Mantellinie. Selbstverstandlich ist auch kegelstumpfformiger Hohlkorper 1 im Erfindungsgedanken mitenthaltenThe exemplary embodiment of FIG. 6 is a double cone with for example kreisbogenformiger generatrix. Of course is also truncated cone-shaped hollow body 1 in the inventive concept jointly contain

Die Zugelemente der Ausfuhrungsbeispiele gemass Fig. 5, 6 sind angeordnet analog zu Fig. 1,2. Selbstverstandlich sind alle Ausfuhrungsformen gemass Fig. 4a bis e, hier entsprechend angepasst, ebenfalls erfindungsgemass.The tension elements of the exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 5, 6 are arranged analogously to FIG. 1,2. Are self-evident All embodiments according to FIGS. 4a to e, corresponding here adapted, also according to the invention.

Fig. 7 ist die Darstellung eines Anwendungsbeispiels des erfindungsgemassen pneumatischen Bauelementes gemass Fig. 1, 2. Mehrere, beispielsweise funf, solcher Bauelemente sind zusammengefasst zu einer Brucke 18. An jedem Ende dieser Brucke 18 fasst ein Joch 19 alle Knoten 3 einer Bruckenseite zusammen und leitet die Auflagerkraft FA in die Bauelemente ein. Das Joch 19 ist in Fig. 7 durchsichtig dargestellt unter Verzicht auf jegliche technische Einzelheit, da die Ausbildung solcher Joche 19 dem Fachmann bekannt ist.Several, for example, five, such components are combined to form a bridge 18. At each end of this bridge 18 a yoke 19 summarizes all nodes 3 a bridge side together and initiates the bearing force F A in the components. The yoke 19 is shown transparent in Fig. 7 waiving any technical detail, since the formation of such yokes 19 is known in the art.

Quer uber die aus Hohlkorper 1, Druckstab 2 und Zugelementen 4 bestehenden pneumatischen Bauelemente sind beispielsweise Holzplanken 20 gelegt und in an sich bekannter Weise miteinander und den Druckstaben 2 verbunden. Das nicht dargestellte andere Ende der Brucke 18 ist in gleicher Art ausgefuhrt. Selbstverstandlich sind weitere bekannte Arten von Deckbelagen fur die Brucke moglich, wie Lochbleche oder andere geeignete Formen und Materialien.Cross over the hollow body 1, push rod 2 and tension elements 4 existing pneumatic components are for example Wood planks laid 20 and in a conventional manner with each other and the letter 2 connected. Not shown other end of the bridge 18 is executed in the same way. Of course, other known types of coverings are possible for the bridge, such as perforated plates or other suitable Shapes and materials.

Ebenfalls nicht dargestellt - da Stand der Technik - sind die Ventile 6 und ein allenfalls sie zusammenfassendes Sammelrohr zum gleichzeitigen und druckgleichen Aufpumpen der Hohlkorper 1.Also not shown - as the state of the art - are the Valves 6 and a possibly summarizing collection tube for simultaneous and pressure equal inflation of the hollow body 1.

Fig. 8 ist die Darstellung eines weiteren Ausfuhrungsbeispiels des Erfindungsgedankens. Fig. 8a zeigt eine Seitenansicht, Fig. 8b eine Draufsicht und Fig. 8c einen Querschnitt. Der Hohlkorper 1 ist gleich ausgebildet, wie jener gemass Fig. 1 einschliesslich der verschiedenen Herstellungsvarianten. Das Ausfuhrungsbeispiel gemass Fig. 8 weist jedoch zwei seitlich angebrachte Druckstabe 2 auf. Jeder Druckstab 2 tragt an jedem Ende einen Knoten 3 zur kraftschlussigen Verbindung von Druckstab 2 und Zugelementen 4. Zwar nimmt bei gleichem Druckmesser des Hohlkorpers 1 nun dessen wirksame Hohe ab, gleichzeitig ist das Bauelement nach Fig. 8 (mit der Ziffer 22 belegt) jedoch in der Lage positive und negative Biegemomente aufzunehmen. Die so reduzierte maximale Belastbarkeit konnte, falls notig, selbstverstandlich durch die Wahl eines grosseren Durchmessers fur den Hohlkorper 1 kompensiert werden. Die Befestigung der Druckstäbe 2 am Hohlkorper 1 geschieht mit analogen oder gleichen Mitteln, wie beim ersten Ausfuhrungsbeispiel gemass Fig. 1, 2. Im Ubrigen gilt das zu Fig. 4a - e zu den Zugelementen Gesagte auch fur das Ausfuhrungsbeispiel gemass Fig. 8.Fig. 8 is a representation of another exemplary embodiment of the inventive concept. 8a shows a side view, Fig. 8b is a plan view and Fig. 8c is a cross section. The hollow body 1 is the same, as those gemass Fig. 1 including the various manufacturing variants. However, the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 8 has two laterally mounted print 2 on. Each push rod 2 carries at each end a node 3 for kraftschlussigen connection of push rod 2 and tension elements 4. Although increases same pressure gauge of the hollow body 1 now its effective High from, at the same time, the device of FIG. 8 (with the Paragraph 22) but capable of positive and negative To absorb bending moments. The thus reduced maximum load capacity could, if necessary, of course by the Choice of a larger diameter compensated for the hollow body 1 become. The attachment of the pressure rods 2 on the hollow body 1 happens with analogous or same means, as with the first exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1, 2. Otherwise applies the comments made on Fig. 4a - e to the tension elements also for the Exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 8.

In Fig. 9 ist ein Anwendungsbeispiel einer Kombination von Bauelementen 22 gemass Fig. 8 dargestellt. Eine Vielzahl von solchen Bauelementen 22 ist nebeneinander angeordnet. Jeder Druckstab 2 ubernimmt die aus der Belastung des Bauelementes 22 in Richtung der Vektorpfeile (Lastkraft FL) in Fig. 9 resultierende Druckkraft zweier benachbarter Bauelemente 22. Zur Aufnahme eines Druckstabes 2 sind die Wandungen zweier benachbarter Hohlkorper 1 entlang zweier Mantellinien zusammengefugt - durch Nahen, Kleben oder Schweissen - wodurch eine langsverlaufende Tasche 21 entsteht. Durch das Aufpumpen der Hohlkorper 1 werden die in die zunachst noch schlaffen Taschen 21 eingeschobenen Druckstabe 2 zwischen den Hohlkorpern 1 eingeklemmt und sind gegen Ausknicken auf beide Richtungen gesichert. Durch eine solche Anordnung lasst sich ein leichtes Dach grosser Spannweite erzeugen, das zudem den grossen Vorteil hat sowohl Schneelasten als auch hebenden Windkraften standzuhalten.FIG. 9 shows an application example of a combination of components 22 according to FIG. 8. A plurality of such components 22 are arranged side by side. Each push rod 2 takes over the pressure force of two adjacent components 22 resulting from the loading of the component 22 in the direction of the vector arrows (load force F L ) in FIG. 9. The walls of two adjacent hollow bodies 1 are joined along two surface lines by a seam to accommodate a push rod 2 , Gluing or welding - whereby a slow-moving pocket 21 is formed. By pumping the hollow body 1, the inserted into the first still flaccid pockets 21 pin 2 between the hollow bodies 1 are clamped and secured against buckling in both directions. Such an arrangement makes it possible to produce a light roof with a large span, which also has the great advantage of withstanding both snow loads and lifting wind forces.

Es ist im Erfindungsgedanken ferner enthalten, die in Fig. 5, 6 dargestellten Ausfuhrungsbeispiele mit zwei Druckstaben 2 gemass Fig. 8 zu versehen. Ferner konnen solche modifizierte Bauelemente gemass Fig. 5 und 8 auch aneinander gefugt werden gemass Fig. 9. Damit kann ein gewolbtes Dach realisiert werden; durch Variation des Krummungsradius der Bauelemente gemass Fig. 5 und 8 und Variation von deren Langen lasst sich auch eine Kuppel erzeugen.It is further included in the concept of the invention, which in Fig. 5, 6 illustrated exemplary embodiments with two letters 2 ACCORDING to Fig. 8 to provide. Furthermore, such modified Components according to Figs. 5 and 8 also grouted together gemass Fig. 9. Thus, a dished roof can be realized; by customizing the curvature radius of the components Fig. 5 and 8 and variation of their lengths let themselves also create a dome.

Ein weiteres Ausfuhrungsbeispiel des Erfindungsgedankens zeigt Fig. 10. Hier sind um den zylindrischen Hohlkorper 1 vier Druckstabe 2 regelmassig verteilt angeordnet. Jeder Druckstab 2 weist wiederum an jedem Ende einen Knoten 3 auf, in welchem beispielsweise je zwei Zugelemente 4 befestigt sind. Zur besseren Ubersichtlichkeit der Fig. 10 sind jedem zu einem Druckstab 2 gehorigen Paar von Zugelementen je die gleichen Signaturen zugeordnet. Gegen Ausknicken der Druckstabe 2 in azimutaler Richtung des zylindrischen Hohlkorpers 1 und gegen radiales Ausknicken nach aussen sind sie durch Manschetten (analog den Manschetten 13 gemass Fig. 3) gesichert, und gegen radiales Ausknicken nach innen durch den Uberdruck im Hohlkorper 1. Auf diese Weise entsteht ein ausserordentlich leichtes und axial hoch belastbares pneumatisches Bauelement. Durch geeignete und an sich bekannte Mittel kann dafur gesorgt werden, dass die axiale Drucklast auf alle vier Druckstäbe gleichmassig verteilt ist.Another exemplary embodiment of the inventive concept shows Fig. 10. Here are about the cylindrical hollow body. 1 four print 2 arranged distributed regularly. Everyone Push rod 2 again has a node 3 at each end, in which, for example, each two tension elements 4 attached are. For better clarity of Fig. 10 are each to a push rod 2 owned pair of tension members each assigned to the same signatures. Against buckling of the printing staff 2 in the azimuthal direction of the cylindrical hollow body 1 and against radial buckling outward they are through Cuffs (analogous to the cuffs 13 according to FIG. 3) secured, and against radial buckling inwardly through the Excess pressure in the hollow body 1. In this way creates an extraordinary lightweight and axially heavy-duty pneumatic Component. By suitable and known per se means can be ensured that the axial pressure load on all four pressure bars is evenly distributed.

Claims (16)

  1. A pneumatic structural component with an airtight elongate hollow body (1) of flexible material which can be inflated by compressed air, further with at least one pressure rod (2) and at least one pair of tension elements (4), characterised in that
    the at least one pressure rod (2) lies onto the hollow body (1) along a surface line and is secured against displacement and buckling by sleeve type elements (13, 16),
    the at least one pair of tension elements (4) is fastened at both ends of the at least one pressure rod (2), for which purpose the pressure rod (2) has a node (3) for fastening the pressure rod (2) and the tension elements (4) with mutual positive engagement,
    the at least two tension elements (4) are each laid in the form of a screw contra-rotating around the hollow body (1) and intersect each other on a surface line (7) of the hollow body (1) opposite to the pressure rod (2),
    the nodes (3) are designed to accept bearing pressure.
  2. A pneumatic structural component according to Claim 1, characterised in that the hollow body (1) comprises an airtight laminated tensile weave and has at least one valve (6) for inflation and deflation.
  3. A pneumatic structural component according to Claim 1, characterised in that
    the hollow body (1) comprises a tensile weave which forms an outer skin (10),
    an airtight tube (11) of an elastomer is present and inserted in the outer skin and has at least one valve (6) for inflation and deflation.
  4. A pneumatic structural component according to Claim 2 or Claim 3, characterised in that
    it has exactly one pressure rod (2) comprising at least one piece, which runs along a surface line of the hollow body (1),
    the nodes (3) at its ends are designed for the acceptance of bearing forces transversal and at right angles through the longitudinal axis of the hollow body (1).
  5. A pneumatic structural component according to Claim 4, characterised in that exactly one pair of tension elements (4) is present and is joined to the pressure rod (4) with positive engagement, whereby the tension elements (4) each describes in contrary sense a whole number of circuits around the hollow body (1).
  6. A pneumatic structural component according to Claim 5, characterised in that the tension elements (4) each describe one circuit around the hollow body (1).
  7. A pneumatic structural component according to Claim 4, characterised in that exactly two pairs of tension elements (4) are present and joined to the nodes (3) in positive engagement with the pressure rods (2), whereby each pair of tension elements (4) describes a whole number of circuits around the hollow body (1).
  8. A pneumatic structural component according to Claim 7, characterised in that one pair of tension elements (4) describes exactly one circuit, the other pair of tension elements (4) exactly two circuits, around the hollow body (1).
  9. A pneumatic structural component according to Claim 4, characterised in that more than two pairs of tension elements (4) are present and joined to the nodes (3) in positive engagement, whereby each pair of tension elements (4) describes a whole number of circuits around the hollow body (1).
  10. A pneumatic structural component according to Claim 2 or Claim 3, characterised in that
    exactly two pressure rods (2) are present and are fastened along two opposing surface lines of the hollow body (1) against buckling,
    the nodes (3) are so designed that they join each pressure rod (2) with the pair of tension elements (4) associated with them in positive engagement and are adapted to accept transverse bearing forces whereby these bearing forces are at right angles to a plane (E) in which the pressure rods (2) and the longitudinal axis of the hollow body (1) lie.
  11. A pneumatic structural component according to Claim 10, characterised in that the hollow body (1) has an essentially cylindrical form.
  12. A pneumatic structural component according to Claim 10, characterised in that the hollow body (1) is essentially in the form of a torus.
  13. A pneumatic structural component according to Claim 10, characterised in that the hollow body (1) is conically formed at least on one side.
  14. A pneumatic structural component according to Claim 11 or 12 or 13, characterised in that for each pressure rod (2) exactly one pair of tension elements (4) is present and joined in the nodes (3) in positive engagement with the associated pressure rod (2), whereby the tension elements (4) each describe a whole number of circuits around the hollow body (1).
  15. A pneumatic structural component according to Claim 11 or 12 or 13, characterised in that for each pressure rod (2) more than one pair of tension elements (4) are present and are joined with positive engagement in the associated nodes (3), whereby each pair of tension elements (4) describes a whole number of circuits around the hollow body (1).
  16. A pneumatic structural component according to Claim 2 or Claim 3, characterised in that
    exactly four pressure rods (2) are present and fastened against buckling to the hollow body (1) along surface lines lying apart from each other by 90°,
    at least one pair of tension elements (4) are present per pressure rod (2) and joined with positive engagement in the nodes (3) of this pressure rod (2),
    each pair of tension elements (4) has a whole number of turns about the hollow body (1),
    the nodes (3) are also designed for the acceptance of forces running axially to the hollow body (1).
EP01903559A 2000-03-27 2001-02-19 Pneumatic structural element Expired - Lifetime EP1210489B1 (en)

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AU3147101A (en) 2001-10-08
BR0105386A (en) 2002-02-26
ZA200108237B (en) 2002-06-12
CN1365416A (en) 2002-08-21
ES2245348T3 (en) 2006-01-01
DE50106726D1 (en) 2005-08-18
HK1048835B (en) 2005-02-18
JP3906079B2 (en) 2007-04-18
JP2003529006A (en) 2003-09-30
CA2374645A1 (en) 2001-10-04
WO2001073245A1 (en) 2001-10-04
US6543730B2 (en) 2003-04-08
BR0105386B1 (en) 2009-01-13
HK1048835A1 (en) 2003-04-17
CN1145733C (en) 2004-04-14
PT1210489E (en) 2005-11-30
US20020157322A1 (en) 2002-10-31
EP1210489A1 (en) 2002-06-05

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