EP1656483B1 - Pneumatic support - Google Patents

Pneumatic support Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1656483B1
EP1656483B1 EP04738025A EP04738025A EP1656483B1 EP 1656483 B1 EP1656483 B1 EP 1656483B1 EP 04738025 A EP04738025 A EP 04738025A EP 04738025 A EP04738025 A EP 04738025A EP 1656483 B1 EP1656483 B1 EP 1656483B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hollow body
compression
tension elements
pneumatic support
support
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EP04738025A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1656483A1 (en
Inventor
Mauro Pedretti
Rolf H. Luchsinger
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Prospective Concepts AG
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Prospective Concepts AG
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Priority to PL04738025T priority Critical patent/PL1656483T3/en
Publication of EP1656483A1 publication Critical patent/EP1656483A1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/38—Arched girders or portal frames
    • E04C3/46—Arched girders or portal frames of materials not covered by groups E04C3/40 - E04C3/44; of a combination of two or more materials
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D15/00—Movable or portable bridges; Floating bridges
    • E01D15/12—Portable or sectional bridges
    • E01D15/122—Inflatable or unreelable bridges ; Bridges with main load-supporting structure consisting only of non-rigid elements, e.g. cables
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/005—Girders or columns that are rollable, collapsible or otherwise adjustable in length or height
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H15/00—Tents or canopies, in general
    • E04H15/20—Tents or canopies, in general inflatable, e.g. shaped, strengthened or supported by fluid pressure
    • E04H2015/202—Tents or canopies, in general inflatable, e.g. shaped, strengthened or supported by fluid pressure with inflatable panels, without inflatable tubular framework
    • E04H2015/205—Tents or canopies, in general inflatable, e.g. shaped, strengthened or supported by fluid pressure with inflatable panels, without inflatable tubular framework made from two sheets with intermediate spacer means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a pneumatic carrier according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Pneumatic carriers in the form of inflatable hollow bodies have become known several, such as for example US 3,894,307 (D1) and off WO 01/73245 (D2) of the same applicant as the present invention. If such a carrier is loaded transversely, the task to be solved is, above all, to absorb the tensile and shear forces that occur without the carrier buckling.
  • the axial compressive forces are absorbed by a pressure rod, while the axial tensile forces are absorbed by two tensioning elements spirally wound around the hollow body and attached to the pressure rod ends.
  • the pneumatic part of the components described there has the task of stabilizing the pressure bars against buckling.
  • D1 several hollow bodies are combined in parallel to form a bridge.
  • the tensile forces are absorbed by a flexible, all hollow body envelope, the pressure forces by the juxtaposed elements bridge plate.
  • the elements are attached laterally to the envelope comprising the hollow body and are thus secured against buckling.
  • D2 is the closest document to the present invention.
  • D 2 (see Fig. 8 ) discloses a carrier according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the disclosed in D2 pneumatic component has at least two, due to their winding around the hollow body in comparison to the length of the component relatively long tension elements. This leads to greater deflection under load than when using shorter tension elements.
  • the above at the component and not at the outermost end of the same node for receiving the support forces require relatively complex support structures when used as a carrier.
  • the tension element is a large-scale shell which can absorb only limited tensile forces and can only be tensioned with great technical effort.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide pneumatic supports with tension and compression elements, which have a high flexural rigidity, simple and produced inexpensively, easily assembled to more complex components and structures such as roofs and bridges, the erection can be done very quickly and also can be easily connected to conventional building structures.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a carrier.
  • a carrier 1 consists of a tapered towards the ends, elongated hollow body 2, a push rod 3 and a tension element 4.
  • the hollow body 2 is formed by a sheath 7 of gas-tight flexible low-stretch material. Since these properties are difficult to combine in one material, the hollow body 2 is advantageously constructed of an outer low-expansion flexible sheath 7 and an inner gas-tight, elastic bladder.
  • the hollow body 2 can be acted upon via a valve 6 with compressed gas.
  • Both the push rod 3 and the tension element 4 lie along this diametrically opposite generatrices of the hollow body 2 at this.
  • the push rod 3 is connected by suitable means along this generatrix with the hollow body 2 frictionally.
  • This pneumatic carrier 1 is for applications suitable in which pressure forces act only in one direction on the carrier 1. For example, this essentially applies to a bridge girder on which the weight of the dead weight of the bridge and the payload is exercised.
  • Push rod 3 and tension element 4 lie in the plane of action of the load vector, which acts on the push rod 3 and points in the direction of tension element 4.
  • the hollow body 2 prevents buckling of the pressure rod 3, whereby the material of the pressure rod 3 can be loaded to the flow limit. This is at a much higher power than the buckling load of a rod.
  • Fig. 1a shows a side view
  • Fig. 1b shows the section AA.
  • Fig. 2 shows a first embodiment of a pneumatic support 1, as it can be used for roof structures, for example.
  • a pneumatic support 1 In strong wind strong suction forces can be exerted on areas of a roof, which more than compensate for the load forces in the vertical direction. This leads to a reversal of the force effect in the carrier 1 used in this way.
  • Fig. 2 became the underlying exclusive tension element 4 of Fig. 1 replaced by a pressure / tension element 5; an element that can absorb both compressive and tensile forces.
  • the simplest and most common case of a pressure / tension element 5 is a second pressure rod 3.
  • such a rod made of steel or aluminum can be made, since these materials have similar good tensile and Drukkeigenticianen.
  • Fig. 2 enclose two pressure / tension elements 5 the hollow body 2 along two diametrically opposite generatrices.
  • the pressure / tension elements 5 are in turn attached to the generatrix to prevent buckling under load.
  • the pressure / tension elements 5 are at their ends interconnected and serve depending on the load direction as a tensile or as a pressure element. It is included in the concept of the invention that the two pressure / tension elements 5 in their properties as a pressure resp. Can distinguish tension element.
  • the pressure / tension elements 5 can be chosen so that the upper resisting greater compressive forces than the lower.
  • Fig. 2a shows a side view
  • Fig. 2b shows the section BB.
  • Fig. 3 a second embodiment of the inventive concept is shown.
  • the beams 1 are loaded substantially in the vertical plane.
  • a carrier 1 is erected vertically, for example, and used as a pillar, the transverse forces essentially no longer occur exclusively in one plane, but can act on the carrier from all sides to a similar extent, such as wind forces.
  • the wearer has 1 in Fig. 3 via three pressure / tension elements 5, which are uniformly distributed around the cross section of the hollow body 2 and are in turn fastened along generatrices to the same and are connected to one another in a force-locking manner at their ends.
  • an axial load also acts on it.
  • Embodiments with more than three pressure / tension elements 5 distributed around the hollow body 2 are included in the concept of the invention.
  • Fig. 3a shows an isometry
  • Fig. 3b shows the cross section CC.
  • a complete carrier 1 with emptied hollow body 2 for example, can be rolled up small for transport or storage, when the pressure / tension elements 5 are made of flexible material.
  • Fig. 4a shows the carrier 1 rolled up with emptied hollow body 2
  • Fig. 4b is the ready-to-use support 1 with pressurized hollow body 2 shown on a reduced scale.
  • Carrier 1 with emptied hollow bodies 2 and flexurally elastic pressure / tension elements 5 or pressure rods 3 can also be folded, for example in S-shaped strokes.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 Various options for the connection of the pressure / tension elements 5 at the ends of the carrier 1 are shown.
  • Fig. 5 open the pressure / tension elements 5 in a final piece 9, which may include, for example, the end of the hollow body 2.
  • a final piece 9 which may include, for example, the end of the hollow body 2.
  • an axle 8 are attached to insert the carrier in a construction composite; or the end piece 9 may be formed so that it can be placed directly on a camp.
  • Fig. 7 shows an advantageous embodiment of a pressure / tension element 5, which has a wider cross section and thus a higher bending stiffness towards the ends.
  • This construction of the pressure / tension element 5 takes into account the fact that the pressure / tension elements 5 must absorb higher bending moments at the ends of the carrier 1 than in the middle of the carrier 1.
  • the greater flexural rigidity of the pressure / tension elements 5 is achieved towards their ends with a higher cross section.
  • Fig. 8-10 show different embodiments of the hollow body 2.
  • the cross section of the hollow body 2 is substantially circular over the entire length.
  • Other or lengthwise varying cross sections for example, a flattening of the hollow body cross-section for better lateral stability, however, are also included in the inventive concept.
  • Fig. 8 shows an embodiment of an asymmetric hollow body 2 with greater curvature on the upper side of the carrier 1 and with a flat curved bottom. Carrier 1 with such shaped hollow bodies 2 have when used as a bridge carrier with one-sided load on a particularly low deflection.
  • Fig. 9 shows a rotationally symmetrical about the longitudinal axis executed hollow body 2. This is essentially a cylindrical tube with pointed ends.
  • the hollow body 2 in Fig. 10 has a teardrop shape in longitudinal section.
  • FIG. 11-13 Various embodiments are shown with divided into several chambers 10 hollow body.
  • the hollow body is divided transversely to the longitudinal axis into a plurality of chambers 10, which occupy the entire cross section of the hollow body 2.
  • These chambers 10 can be acted upon with different pressures.
  • the example shows a variant with three pressure regimes. The following applies: P0 ⁇ P1 ⁇ P2 ⁇ P3.
  • the prints increase toward the ends of the carrier 1.
  • the hollow body 2 is subdivided into a plurality of chambers 10 which are substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction and which extend essentially over the entire length of the hollow body 2.
  • Fig. 13 shows a combination of longitudinal and transversely divided chambers 10.
  • 11-13 is common that the hollow body consists of a flexible, low-expansion sleeve 7, for example, aramid-reinforced fabric. In this little stretchable sleeve 7 more bubbles 11 are inserted from stretchable, gas-tight material. Additionally, webs 12 recessed into the outer shell 7 may serve to substantially define the position of the pressurized bladders 11 and prevent displacements of these bladders 11 within the shell 7. This is illustratively on one side of the carrier 1 in FIG Fig. 11 shown. However, it is also conceivable and according to the invention to divide a gas-tight envelope 7 with gas-tight webs 12 into a plurality of chambers 10, as in FIG Fig. 12, 13 shown.
  • FIG. 14 shows a further embodiment of the inventive concept.
  • a carrier 1 as in Fig. 2 is curved arcuately upwards and thus has a concave bottom and a convex top.
  • the distance between the two ends of the carrier 1 can be fixed either by clamping the ends in abutment or by means of an outer tension element 14 substantially.
  • the two pressure / tension elements 5 are subjected to pressure, while the tensile forces are absorbed by the abutments or the tension element 14.
  • FIG. 15a-c An example of application of pneumatic supports 1 for the construction of a bridge is shown.
  • Two carriers 1 in the embodiment according to Fig. 1 be united by means of these connecting, resting on the push rods 3 roadway construction 13 to a lightweight bridge.
  • the skilled person is various ways known how such a roadway can be made for example with fiber-reinforced plastics in sandwich construction. It will therefore not be discussed further here.
  • Fig. 15a shows the bridge in plan view
  • Fig. 15b shows the section DD
  • Fig. 15c shows the section EE.

Abstract

A pneumatic support ( 1 ) comprises a long hollow body ( 2 ), tapering towards the ends and two pressure/tension elements ( 5 ). The hollow body ( 2 ) is embodied by a sleeve of gas-tight, flexible, non-stretch material. Said sleeve can be formed from two layers, an external non-stretch, flexible sleeve and an inner gas-tight elastic bladder. The hollow body ( 2 ) can be pressurised with compressed gas by means of a valve ( 6 ). The both pressure/tension elements ( 5 ) lie along diametrically opposed surface lines of the hollow body ( 2 ) on the same and are partly or completely frictionally connected to the hollow body ( 2 ) along said surface lines. The ends of the pressure/tension elements ( 5 ) are frictionally connected to each other.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen pneumatischen Träger nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1.The present invention relates to a pneumatic carrier according to the preamble of claim 1.

Pneumatische Träger in der Form von aufblasbaren Hohlkörpern sind mehrere bekannt geworden, so beispielsweise aus US 3,894,307 (D1) und aus WO 01/73245 (D2) des gleichen Anmelders wie die vorliegende Erfindung. Wird ein solcher Träger transversal belastet, so liegt die zu lösende Aufgabe vor allem darin, die auftretenden Zug- und Schubkräfte aufzunehmen, ohne dass der Träger einknickt.Pneumatic carriers in the form of inflatable hollow bodies have become known several, such as for example US 3,894,307 (D1) and off WO 01/73245 (D2) of the same applicant as the present invention. If such a carrier is loaded transversely, the task to be solved is, above all, to absorb the tensile and shear forces that occur without the carrier buckling.

In D2 werden die axialen Druckkräfte durch einen Druckstab aufgenommen, während die axialen Zugkräfte durch zwei spiralförmig um den Hohlkörper gewundene und an den Druckstabenden befestigte Zugelemente aufgenommen werden. Der pneumatische Teil der dort beschriebenen Bauelemente hat die Aufgabe, die Druckstäbe gegen Ausknicken zu stabilisieren.In D2, the axial compressive forces are absorbed by a pressure rod, while the axial tensile forces are absorbed by two tensioning elements spirally wound around the hollow body and attached to the pressure rod ends. The pneumatic part of the components described there has the task of stabilizing the pressure bars against buckling.

In D1 werden mehrere Hohlkörper parallel zusammengefasst zu einer Brücke. Die Zugkräfte werden dabei durch eine flexible, alle Hohlkörper umfassende Hülle aufgenommen, die Druckkräfte durch die aus Elementen aneinandergereihte Brückenplatte. Die Elemente sind seitlich an der die Hohlkörper umfassenden Hülle befestigt und werden so gegen Ausknicken gesichert.In D1 several hollow bodies are combined in parallel to form a bridge. The tensile forces are absorbed by a flexible, all hollow body envelope, the pressure forces by the juxtaposed elements bridge plate. The elements are attached laterally to the envelope comprising the hollow body and are thus secured against buckling.

D2 ist das der vorliegenden Erfindung am nächsten liegende Dokument. D2 (siche Fig. 8) offenbart einen Träger nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1. Das in D2 offenbarte pneumatische Bauelement weist mindestens zwei, aufgrund ihrer Windung um den Hohlkörper im Vergleich zur Länge des Bauelementes relativ lange Zugelemente auf. Dies führt unter Belastung zu grösserer Durchbiegung als bei Verwendung kürzerer Zugelemente. Zudem bedingen die oben am Bauelement und nicht am äussersten Ende desselben liegenden Knoten zur Aufnahme der Auflagekräfte relativ aufwändige Auflagerkonstruktionen bei Verwendung als Träger. In D1 ist das Zugelement eine grossflächige Hülle welche nur begrenzt Zugkräfte aufnehmen kann und nur mit grossem technischem Aufwand gespannt werden kann.D2 is the closest document to the present invention. D 2 (see Fig. 8 ) discloses a carrier according to the preamble of claim 1. The disclosed in D2 pneumatic component has at least two, due to their winding around the hollow body in comparison to the length of the component relatively long tension elements. This leads to greater deflection under load than when using shorter tension elements. In addition, the above at the component and not at the outermost end of the same node for receiving the support forces require relatively complex support structures when used as a carrier. In D1, the tension element is a large-scale shell which can absorb only limited tensile forces and can only be tensioned with great technical effort.

Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht in der Schaffung von pneumatischen Trägern mit Zug- und Druckelementen, welche eine grosse Biegesteifigkeit aufweisen, einfach und kostengünstig hergestellt, leicht zu komplexeren Bauteilen und Bauten wie Dächern und Brücken zusammengefügt werden können, deren Aufrichtung sehr schnell erfolgen kann und die zudem auf einfache Art und Weise mit konventionellen Baukonstruktionen verbunden werden können.The object of the present invention is to provide pneumatic supports with tension and compression elements, which have a high flexural rigidity, simple and produced inexpensively, easily assembled to more complex components and structures such as roofs and bridges, the erection can be done very quickly and also can be easily connected to conventional building structures.

Die Lösung der Aufgabe ist wiedergegeben im kennzeichnenden Teil des Anspruches 1 hinsichtlich ihrer wesentlichen Merkmale, in den folgenden Ansprüchen hinsichtlich weiterer vorteilhafter Ausbildungen.The solution of the problem is reflected in the characterizing part of claim 1 in terms of their essential characteristics, in the following claims with respect to further advantageous embodiments.

Anhand der beigefügten Zeichnungen wird der Erfindungsgegenstand mittels mehrerer Ausführungsbeispiele näher erläutert. Es zeigen

Fig. 1a,b
eine schematische Darstellung eines pneumatischen Trägers in Seitenansicht und im Querschnitt. Dieser Träger formt kein Teil der Erfindung,
Fig. 2a,b
eine schematische Darstellung eines ersten Ausführungsbeispiels eines pneumatischen Trägers in Seitenansicht und im Querschnitt,
Fig. 3a,b
eine schematische Darstellung eines zweiten Ausführungsbeispiels eines pneumatischen Trägers als Isometrie und im Querschnitt,
Fig. 4a,b
eine schematische Darstellung eines dritten Ausführungsbeispiels eines pneumatischen Trägers in Seitenansicht in aufgerolltem und aufgeblasenem Zustand,
Fig. 5
eine schematische Darstellung eines ersten Ausführungsbeispiels der kraftschlüssigen Verbindung der Druck/Zugelemente in Seitenansicht,
Fig. 6
eine schematische Darstellung eines zweiten Ausführungsbeispiels der kraftschlüssigen Verbindung der Druck/Zugelemente in Seitenansicht,
Fig. 7
eine schematische Darstellung eines Ausführungsbeispiels eines Druck/Zugelementes in Draufsicht,
Fig. 8-10
schematische Darstellungen dreier Ausführungsbeispiele der Hohlkörperform in Seitenansicht,
Fig. 11-13
schematische Darstellungen dreier Ausführungsbeispiele für in mehrere Druckkammern unterteilte Hohlkörper im Längsschnitt,
Fig. 14
eine schematische Darstellung eines vierten Ausführungsbeispiels eines pneumatischen Trägers in Seitenansicht,
Fig. 15a-c
eine schematische Darstellung eines ersten Anwendungsbeispiels für die Verbindung mehrerer pneumatischer Träger. Diese Träger und ihre Anwendung formen kein Teil der Erfindung.
Reference to the accompanying drawings, the subject invention is explained in detail by means of several embodiments. Show it
Fig. 1a, b
a schematic representation of a pneumatic carrier in side view and in cross section. This carrier does not form part of the invention,
Fig. 2a, b
a schematic representation of a first embodiment of a pneumatic support in side view and in cross section,
Fig. 3a, b
1 is a schematic representation of a second exemplary embodiment of a pneumatic carrier as isometry and in cross-section,
Fig. 4a, b
a schematic representation of a third embodiment of a pneumatic support in side view in rolled up and inflated state,
Fig. 5
a schematic representation of a first embodiment of the non-positive connection of the pressure / tension elements in side view,
Fig. 6
a schematic representation of a second embodiment of the non-positive connection of the pressure / tension elements in side view,
Fig. 7
a schematic representation of an embodiment of a pressure / tension element in plan view,
Fig. 8-10
schematic representations of three embodiments of the hollow body shape in side view,
Fig. 11-13
schematic representations of three embodiments of subdivided into several pressure chambers hollow body in longitudinal section,
Fig. 14
a schematic representation of a fourth embodiment of a pneumatic support in side view,
Fig. 15a-c
a schematic representation of a first application example for the connection of multiple pneumatic carrier. These supports and their application do not form part of the invention.

Fig. 1 ist eine schematische Darstellung eines Trägers. Ein Träger 1 besteht aus einem gegen die Enden hin spitz zulaufenden, langgestreckten Hohlkörper 2, einem Druckstab 3 und einem Zugelement 4. Der Hohlkörper 2 wird durch eine Hülle 7 aus gasdichtem flexiblem dehnungsarmem Material gebildet. Da diese Eigenschaften nur schwer in einem Material vereint werden können, wird der Hohlkörper 2 vorteilhafterweise aus einer äusseren dehnungsarmen flexiblen Hülle 7 und einer inneren gasdichten, elastischen Blase aufgebaut. Der Hohlkörper 2 lässt sich über ein Ventil 6 mit Druckgas beaufschlagen. Sowohl der Druckstab 3 als auch das Zugelement 4 liegen entlang einander diametral entgegengesetzter Mantellinien des Hohlkörpers 2 an diesem an. Der Druckstab 3 wird mit geeigneten Mitteln längs dieser Mantellinie mit dem Hohlkörper 2 kraftschlüssig verbunden. Dies kann beispielsweise mittels Kederverbindung, Taschen oder mehreren den Hohlkörper 2 umspannenden Bändern erfolgen. Die Enden des Zugelementes 4 sind kraftschlüssig an den Enden des Druckstabes 3 befestigt. Dieser pneumatische Träger 1 ist für Anwendungen geeignet, bei welchen Druckkräfte lediglich in eine Richtung auf den Träger 1 wirken. Beispielsweise gilt dies im Wesentlichen für einen Brückenträger, auf welchen die Gewichtskraft des Eigengewichts der Brücke und die Nutzlast ausgeübt wird. Druckstab 3 und Zugelement 4 liegen in der Wirkebene des Lastvektors, welcher auf den Druckstab 3 wirkt und in Richtung Zugelement 4 zeigt. Der Hohlkörper 2 verhindert ein Ausknicken des Druckstabes 3, wodurch das Material des Druckstabes 3 bis zur Fliessgrenze belastet werden kann. Diese liegt bei einer wesentlich höheren Kraft als die Knicklast eines Stabes. Zudem trennt der Hohlkörper 2 den Druckstab 3 und das Zugelement 4 räumlich voneinander. Eine derartige Konstruktion zeichnet sich durch geringen Materialverbrauch und geringes Gewicht bei hoher Belastbarkeit aus. Fig. 1a zeigt eine Seitenansicht, und Fig. 1b zeigt den Schnitt AA. Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of a carrier. A carrier 1 consists of a tapered towards the ends, elongated hollow body 2, a push rod 3 and a tension element 4. The hollow body 2 is formed by a sheath 7 of gas-tight flexible low-stretch material. Since these properties are difficult to combine in one material, the hollow body 2 is advantageously constructed of an outer low-expansion flexible sheath 7 and an inner gas-tight, elastic bladder. The hollow body 2 can be acted upon via a valve 6 with compressed gas. Both the push rod 3 and the tension element 4 lie along this diametrically opposite generatrices of the hollow body 2 at this. The push rod 3 is connected by suitable means along this generatrix with the hollow body 2 frictionally. This can be done for example by means of Kederverbindung, bags or more the hollow body 2 spanning ribbons. The ends of the tension element 4 are frictionally attached to the ends of the push rod 3. This pneumatic carrier 1 is for applications suitable in which pressure forces act only in one direction on the carrier 1. For example, this essentially applies to a bridge girder on which the weight of the dead weight of the bridge and the payload is exercised. Push rod 3 and tension element 4 lie in the plane of action of the load vector, which acts on the push rod 3 and points in the direction of tension element 4. The hollow body 2 prevents buckling of the pressure rod 3, whereby the material of the pressure rod 3 can be loaded to the flow limit. This is at a much higher power than the buckling load of a rod. In addition, the hollow body 2 separates the push rod 3 and the tension element 4 spatially from each other. Such a construction is characterized by low material consumption and low weight with high load capacity. Fig. 1a shows a side view, and Fig. 1b shows the section AA.

Fig. 2 zeigt ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel eines pneumatischen Trägers 1, wie er beispielsweise für Dachkonstruktionen verwendet werden kann. Bei starkem Wind können auf Bereiche eines Daches starke Sogkräfte ausgeübt werden, welche die Lastkräfte in vertikaler Richtung mehr als kompensieren. Dies führt beim so verwendeten Träger 1 zu einer Umkehr der Kraftwirkung. In Fig. 2 wurde das unten liegende ausschliessliche Zugelement 4 von Fig. 1 durch ein Druck/Zugelement 5 ersetzt; ein Element also, welches sowohl Druck- als auch Zugkräfte aufnehmen kann. Der einfachste und gebräuchlichste Fall eines Druck/Zugelementes 5 ist ein zweiter Druckstab 3. Beispielsweise kann ein solcher Stab aus Stahl oder Aluminium gefertigt werden, da diese Materialien ähnlich gute Zug- wie Drukkeigenschaften besitzen. Materialien mit guten Druck- aber ungenügenden Zugeigenschaften können hingegen mit Zugseilen vorgespannt werden, womit sie auch für die Aufnahme von Zugkräften eingesetzt werden können. Ein Beispiel für ein auf diese Weise zugfester gemachtes Material ist mit Stahlseilen vorgespannter Beton. In Fig. 2 umschliessen zwei Druck/Zugelemente 5 den Hohlkörper 2 entlang zweier diametral entgegengesetzter Mantellinien. Die Druck/Zugelemente 5 sind wiederum an der Mantellinie befestigt um ein Ausknicken unter Last zu verhindern. Die Druck/Zugelemente 5 sind an ihren Enden miteinander verbunden und dienen je nach Lastrichtung als Zug- oder als Druckelement. Es ist im Erfindungsgedanken enthalten, dass sich die beiden Druck/Zugelemente 5 in ihren Eigenschaften als Druck- resp. Zugelement unterscheiden können. Beispielsweise können die Druck/Zugelemente 5 so gewählt werden, dass das obere grösseren Druckkräften widersteht als das untere. Fig. 2a zeigt eine Seitenansicht, und Fig. 2b zeigt den Schnitt BB. Fig. 2 shows a first embodiment of a pneumatic support 1, as it can be used for roof structures, for example. In strong wind strong suction forces can be exerted on areas of a roof, which more than compensate for the load forces in the vertical direction. This leads to a reversal of the force effect in the carrier 1 used in this way. In Fig. 2 became the underlying exclusive tension element 4 of Fig. 1 replaced by a pressure / tension element 5; an element that can absorb both compressive and tensile forces. The simplest and most common case of a pressure / tension element 5 is a second pressure rod 3. For example, such a rod made of steel or aluminum can be made, since these materials have similar good tensile and Drukkeigenschaften. On the other hand, materials with good compressive but insufficient tensile properties can be prestressed with tension cables, which means that they can also be used to absorb tensile forces. An example of a material made stronger in this way is prestressed concrete with steel cables. In Fig. 2 enclose two pressure / tension elements 5 the hollow body 2 along two diametrically opposite generatrices. The pressure / tension elements 5 are in turn attached to the generatrix to prevent buckling under load. The pressure / tension elements 5 are at their ends interconnected and serve depending on the load direction as a tensile or as a pressure element. It is included in the concept of the invention that the two pressure / tension elements 5 in their properties as a pressure resp. Can distinguish tension element. For example, the pressure / tension elements 5 can be chosen so that the upper resisting greater compressive forces than the lower. Fig. 2a shows a side view, and Fig. 2b shows the section BB.

In Fig. 3 wird ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel des Erfindungsgedankens dargestellt. In den vorangehenden Beispielen werden die Träger 1 im Wesentlichen in der vertikalen Ebene belastet. Wird ein Träger 1 beispielsweise jedoch vertikal aufgerichtet und als Säule verwendet, so treten die transversalen Kräfte im Wesentlichen nicht mehr ausschliesslich in einer Ebene auf, sondern können von allen Seiten in ähnlicher Grösse auf den Träger einwirken, wie beispielsweise Windkräfte. Um Kräften von allen Seiten widerstehen zu können verfügt der Träger 1 in Fig. 3 über drei Druck/Zugelemente 5, welche gleichmässig um den Querschnitt des Hohlkörpers 2 verteilt sind und wiederum entlang Mantellinien an demselben befestigt sind und an ihren Enden kraftschlüssig miteinander verbunden sind. Bei Verwendung eines solchen Trägers 1 als tragende Säule, wirkt auf ihn zudem eine axiale Last. Im Erfindungsgedanken enthalten sind Ausführungen mit mehr als drei um den Hohlkörper 2 verteilten Druck/Zugelementen 5. Fig. 3a zeigt eine Isometrie, und Fig. 3b zeigt den Querschnitt CC.In Fig. 3 a second embodiment of the inventive concept is shown. In the preceding examples, the beams 1 are loaded substantially in the vertical plane. However, if a carrier 1 is erected vertically, for example, and used as a pillar, the transverse forces essentially no longer occur exclusively in one plane, but can act on the carrier from all sides to a similar extent, such as wind forces. To withstand forces from all sides, the wearer has 1 in Fig. 3 via three pressure / tension elements 5, which are uniformly distributed around the cross section of the hollow body 2 and are in turn fastened along generatrices to the same and are connected to one another in a force-locking manner at their ends. When using such a support 1 as a supporting pillar, an axial load also acts on it. Embodiments with more than three pressure / tension elements 5 distributed around the hollow body 2 are included in the concept of the invention. Fig. 3a shows an isometry, and Fig. 3b shows the cross section CC.

In Fig. 4 ist gezeigt, wie ein kompletter Träger 1 mit entleertem Hohlkörper 2, beispielsweise für den Transport oder die Lagerung klein zusammengerollt werden kann, wenn die Druck/Zugelemente 5 aus biegeelastischem Material gefertigt sind. Fig. 4a zeigt den Träger 1 zusammengerollt mit entleertem Hohlkörper 2, und in Fig. 4b ist der einsatzbereite Träger 1 mit druckbeaufschlagtem Hohlkörper 2 in verkleinertem Massstab dargestellt. Träger 1 mit entleerten Hohlkörpern 2 und biegeelastischen Druck/Zugelementen 5 oder Druckstäben 3 können auch gefaltet werden, beispielsweise in S-förmigen Schlägen.In Fig. 4 It is shown how a complete carrier 1 with emptied hollow body 2, for example, can be rolled up small for transport or storage, when the pressure / tension elements 5 are made of flexible material. Fig. 4a shows the carrier 1 rolled up with emptied hollow body 2, and in Fig. 4b is the ready-to-use support 1 with pressurized hollow body 2 shown on a reduced scale. Carrier 1 with emptied hollow bodies 2 and flexurally elastic pressure / tension elements 5 or pressure rods 3 can also be folded, for example in S-shaped strokes.

In den Fig. 5 und 6 sind verschiedene Möglichkeiten für die Verbindung der Druck/Zugelemente 5 an den Enden des Trägers 1 dargestellt. In Fig. 5 münden die Druck/Zugelemente 5 in ein Abschlussstück 9, welches beispielsweise das Ende des Hohlkörpers 2 umfassen kann. Im Abschlussstück 9 kann beispielsweise eine Achse 8 befestigt werden, um den Träger in einen Konstruktionsverbund einzufügen; oder das Abschlussstück 9 kann so ausgebildet sein, dass es direkt auf ein Lager gelegt werden kann.In the FIGS. 5 and 6 Various options for the connection of the pressure / tension elements 5 at the ends of the carrier 1 are shown. In Fig. 5 open the pressure / tension elements 5 in a final piece 9, which may include, for example, the end of the hollow body 2. In the end piece 9, for example, an axle 8 are attached to insert the carrier in a construction composite; or the end piece 9 may be formed so that it can be placed directly on a camp.

In Fig. 6 sind die Enden der Druck/Zugelemente 5 mittels einer Achse 8 verbunden.In Fig. 6 the ends of the pressure / tension elements 5 are connected by means of an axle 8.

Fig. 7 zeigt ein vorteilhaftes Ausführungsbeispiel eines Druck/Zugelementes 5, welches gegen die Enden hin einen breiteren Querschnitt und somit eine höhere Biegesteifigkeit besitzt. Diese Konstruktion des Druck/Zugelementes 5 trägt dem Umstand Rechnung, dass die Druck/Zugelemente 5 an den Enden des Trägers 1 höhere Biegemomente aufnehmen müssen als in der Mitte des Trägers 1. In Fig. 6 wird die grössere Biegesteifigkeit der Druck/Zugelemente 5 gegen ihre Enden hin mit einem höheren Querschnitt erreicht. Fig. 7 shows an advantageous embodiment of a pressure / tension element 5, which has a wider cross section and thus a higher bending stiffness towards the ends. This construction of the pressure / tension element 5 takes into account the fact that the pressure / tension elements 5 must absorb higher bending moments at the ends of the carrier 1 than in the middle of the carrier 1. In Fig. 6 the greater flexural rigidity of the pressure / tension elements 5 is achieved towards their ends with a higher cross section.

Die Fig. 8-10 zeigen verschiedene Ausgestaltungen des Hohlkörpers 2. Der Querschnitt des Hohlkörpers 2 ist im Wesentlichen über die ganze Länge kreisförmig. Andere oder der Länge nach variierende Querschnitte, beispielsweise eine Abplattung des Hohlkörperquerschnitts für bessere seitliche Stabilität, sind hingegen ebenfalls im Erfindungsgedanken enthalten. Fig. 8 zeigt ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines asymmetrischen Hohlkörpers 2 mit grösserer Wölbung auf der Oberseite des Trägers 1 und mit einer flacher gewölbten Unterseite. Träger 1 mit derart geformten Hohlkörpern 2 weisen bei Verwendung als Brükkenträger mit einseitiger Belastung eine besonders geringe Durchbiegung auf. Fig. 9 zeigt einen um die Längsachse rotationssymmetrisch ausgeführten Hohlkörper 2. Dabei handelt es sich im Wesentlichen um eine zylindrische Röhre mit zugespitzten Enden. Der Hohlkörper 2 in Fig. 10 weist im Längsschnitt eine Tropfenform auf.The Fig. 8-10 show different embodiments of the hollow body 2. The cross section of the hollow body 2 is substantially circular over the entire length. Other or lengthwise varying cross sections, for example, a flattening of the hollow body cross-section for better lateral stability, however, are also included in the inventive concept. Fig. 8 shows an embodiment of an asymmetric hollow body 2 with greater curvature on the upper side of the carrier 1 and with a flat curved bottom. Carrier 1 with such shaped hollow bodies 2 have when used as a bridge carrier with one-sided load on a particularly low deflection. Fig. 9 shows a rotationally symmetrical about the longitudinal axis executed hollow body 2. This is essentially a cylindrical tube with pointed ends. The hollow body 2 in Fig. 10 has a teardrop shape in longitudinal section.

In den Fig. 11-13 sind verschiedene Ausführungsbeispiele mit in mehrere Kammern 10 unterteilte Hohlkörper dargestellt. In Fig. 11 ist der Hohlkörper quer zur Längsachse in mehrere Kammern 10 unterteilt, welche den ganzen Querschnitt des Hohlkörpers 2 einnehmen. Diese Kammern 10 können mit unterschiedlichen Drucken beaufschlagt werden. Im Beispiel dargestellt ist eine Variante mit drei Druckregimen. Es gilt: P0 < P1 < P2 < P3. Die Drucke nehmen gegen die Enden des Trägers 1 hin zu. In Fig. 12 ist der Hohlkörper 2 in mehrere im Wesentlichen zur Längsrichtung parallele Kammern 10 unterteilt, welche sich im Wesentlichen über die ganze Länge des Hohlkörpers 2 erstrecken. Fig. 13 zeigt eine Kombination von längs- und quergeteilten Kammern 10. Den Ausführungsbeispielen in Fig. 11-13 ist gemeinsam, dass der Hohlkörper aus einer flexiblen, dehnungsarmen Hülle 7 besteht, beispielsweise aus aramid-armiertem Gewebe. In diese wenig dehnbare Hülle 7 sind mehrere Blasen 11 aus dehnbarem, gasdichtem Material eingelegt. Zusätzlich können in die äussere Hülle 7 eingelassene Webs 12 dazu dienen, die Position der druckbeaufschlagten Blasen 11 im Wesentlichen festzulegen und Verschiebungen dieser Blasen 11 innerhalb der Hülle 7 zu verhindern. Dies ist zur Veranschaulichung auf einer Seite des Trägers 1 in Fig. 11 dargestellt. Es ist jedoch auch denkbar und erfindungsgemäss eine gasdichte Hülle 7 mit gasdichten Webs 12 in mehrere Kammern 10 zu unterteilen, wie in Fig. 12, 13 dargestellt.In the Fig. 11-13 Various embodiments are shown with divided into several chambers 10 hollow body. In Fig. 11 the hollow body is divided transversely to the longitudinal axis into a plurality of chambers 10, which occupy the entire cross section of the hollow body 2. These chambers 10 can be acted upon with different pressures. The example shows a variant with three pressure regimes. The following applies: P0 <P1 <P2 <P3. The prints increase toward the ends of the carrier 1. In Fig. 12 the hollow body 2 is subdivided into a plurality of chambers 10 which are substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction and which extend essentially over the entire length of the hollow body 2. Fig. 13 shows a combination of longitudinal and transversely divided chambers 10. The embodiments in Fig. 11-13 is common that the hollow body consists of a flexible, low-expansion sleeve 7, for example, aramid-reinforced fabric. In this little stretchable sleeve 7 more bubbles 11 are inserted from stretchable, gas-tight material. Additionally, webs 12 recessed into the outer shell 7 may serve to substantially define the position of the pressurized bladders 11 and prevent displacements of these bladders 11 within the shell 7. This is illustratively on one side of the carrier 1 in FIG Fig. 11 shown. However, it is also conceivable and according to the invention to divide a gas-tight envelope 7 with gas-tight webs 12 into a plurality of chambers 10, as in FIG Fig. 12, 13 shown.

Fig. 14 zeigt ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel des Erfindungsgedankens. Ein Träger 1 wie in Fig. 2 beschrieben ist bogenförmig nach oben gekrümmt und weist somit eine konkave Unterseite und eine konvexe Oberseite auf. Die Distanz der beiden Enden des Trägers 1 kann entweder durch Einspannen der Enden in Widerlager oder mittels eines äusseren Zugelementes 14 im Wesentlichen fixiert werden. Bei Belastung dieses Trägers 1 von oben werden die beiden Druck/Zugelemente 5 auf Druck beansprucht, während die Zugkräfte von den Widerlagern oder dem Zugelement 14 aufgenommen werden. Fig. 14 shows a further embodiment of the inventive concept. A carrier 1 as in Fig. 2 is curved arcuately upwards and thus has a concave bottom and a convex top. The distance between the two ends of the carrier 1 can be fixed either by clamping the ends in abutment or by means of an outer tension element 14 substantially. When loading this carrier 1 from above, the two pressure / tension elements 5 are subjected to pressure, while the tensile forces are absorbed by the abutments or the tension element 14.

In Fig. 15a-c wird ein Anwendungsbeispiel von pneumatischen Trägern 1 zum Bau einer Brücke gezeigt. Zwei Träger 1 in der Ausführung gemäss Fig. 1 werden mittels einer diese verbindenden, auf den Druckstäben 3 aufliegenden Fahrbahnkonstruktion 13 zu einer Leichtbau-Brücke vereint. Dem Fachmann sind verschiedene Möglichkeiten bekannt, wie eine solche Fahrbahn zum Beispiel mit faserverstärkten Kunststoffen in SandwichBauweise hergestellt werden kann. Es wird daher an dieser Stelle nicht näher darauf eingegangen. Fig. 15a zeigt die Brücke in Draufsicht, Fig. 15b zeigt den Schnitt DD und Fig. 15c zeigt den Schnitt EE.In Fig. 15a-c An example of application of pneumatic supports 1 for the construction of a bridge is shown. Two carriers 1 in the embodiment according to Fig. 1 be united by means of these connecting, resting on the push rods 3 roadway construction 13 to a lightweight bridge. The skilled person is various ways known how such a roadway can be made for example with fiber-reinforced plastics in sandwich construction. It will therefore not be discussed further here. Fig. 15a shows the bridge in plan view, Fig. 15b shows the section DD and Fig. 15c shows the section EE.

Claims (17)

  1. A pneumatic support (1), comprising:
    - a gas-tight and elongated hollow body (2) of a flexible material to be pressurized with compressed gas;
    - furthermore, at least two compression/tension elements (5) which can absorb both compressive and tensile forces and wherein
    - these compression/tension elements (5) adjoin the hollow body (2) along a surface line thereof and are connected non-positively to the hollow body (2), characterised in that
    - the hollow body (2) has a tapered shape towards both of its ends,
    - the at least two compression/tension elements (5) are positively connected to one another at their ends and the compression/tension elements (5) are connected to one another at their ends so that they enclose the hollow body (2).
  2. The pneumatic support (1) according to claim 1, characterised in that the at least two compression/tension elements (5) are arranged around the hollow body (2) in a rotationally symmetrical fashion.
  3. The pneumatic support (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterised in that at least one of the at least two compression/tension elements (5) only needs to absorb tensile forces and is thus configured as a tension element (4), and at least one of the at least two compression/tension elements (5) only needs to absorb compressive forces and is therefore configured as a compression member (3), wherein this at least one compression member (3) is non-positively fixed on the hollow body (2) along a surface line thereof and wherein said compression member is non-positively connected to at least one tension element (4) at the two ends.
  4. The pneumatic support (1) according to claim 3, characterised in that the at least one compression member (3) extends along a surface line of the hollow body (2) that lies diametrically opposite to the tension element (4) and is non-positively fixed on this hollow body (2).
  5. The pneumatic support (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the hollow body (2) has a substantially circular cross-section along the longitudinal axis.
  6. The pneumatic support (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the hollow body (2) is divided into a plurality of chambers (10) that can be pressurized substantially transverse to the longitudinal axis, wherein these chambers extend (10) substantially over the entire cross-section of the hollow body (2).
  7. The pneumatic support (1) according to claim 6, characterised in that the chambers (10) have different pressure regimes and are subjected to higher pressures towards the ends of the hollow body (2) than at the centre of the hollow body (2).
  8. The pneumatic support (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the hollow body (2) is divided into a plurality of chambers (10) that can be pressurized and lie substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis, wherein these chambers (10) extend substantially over the entire length of the hollow body (2).
  9. The pneumatic support (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that end pieces (9) are provided on both ends, to which compression members (3), tension elements (4) and compression/tension elements (5) are non-positively fixed.
  10. The pneumatic support (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterised in that the compression/tension elements (5) are elastically bendable and the support (2) can be rolled up or folded up in a non-pressurized state.
  11. The pneumatic support (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterised in that the compression/tension elements (5) are fixed on the hollow body (2) by means of
    - a plurality of bands that extend around the hollow body (2) and are fixed on the compression/tension elements (5) or
    - by means of pockets, into which the compression/tension elements (5) are inserted or
    - by means of welt-type connections.
  12. The pneumatic support (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterised in that the hollow body (2) is composed of an outer cover (7) and at least one inner bladder (11) inserted therein, wherein the outer cover (7) is manufactured of a barely stretchable flexible material and the inner bladder (11) is manufactured of an air-tight elastic membrane.
  13. The pneumatic support (1) according to any one of claims 6 to 8 and 12, characterised in that the outer cover (7) of the hollow body is divided into a plurality of chambers (10) by means of webs (12).
  14. The pneumatic support (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterised in that the support (1) has an arc-shaped form.
  15. The pneumatic support (1) according to claim 14, characterised in that the ends of the arc-shaped support (1) are connected by an external tension element (14) that does not adjoin the hollow body (2).
  16. Use of pneumatic supports (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 15 as support elements in building construction and civil engineering works.
  17. Use of pneumatic supports (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 15 as bridge supports, wherein the roadway construction is placed on the upper compression/tension elements (5) and fixed thereon.
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Also Published As

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ES2300782T3 (en) 2008-06-16
ATE386856T1 (en) 2008-03-15
US20060273233A1 (en) 2006-12-07
CA2531918A1 (en) 2005-01-27
PL1656483T3 (en) 2008-06-30
CA2531918C (en) 2011-04-26
JP4644668B2 (en) 2011-03-02
CN100376756C (en) 2008-03-26
AU2010249308B2 (en) 2011-08-04
HK1094461A1 (en) 2007-03-30
AU2010249308A1 (en) 2011-01-06
JP2006528288A (en) 2006-12-14
EP1656483A1 (en) 2006-05-17
CN1823204A (en) 2006-08-23
DE502004006268D1 (en) 2008-04-03
WO2005007991A1 (en) 2005-01-27
AU2004257321A1 (en) 2005-01-27
ZA200600516B (en) 2006-12-27

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