EP1210489A1 - Pneumatic structural element - Google Patents

Pneumatic structural element

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Publication number
EP1210489A1
EP1210489A1 EP01903559A EP01903559A EP1210489A1 EP 1210489 A1 EP1210489 A1 EP 1210489A1 EP 01903559 A EP01903559 A EP 01903559A EP 01903559 A EP01903559 A EP 01903559A EP 1210489 A1 EP1210489 A1 EP 1210489A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hollow body
tension elements
pressure rod
component according
pneumatic component
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP01903559A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1210489B1 (en
Inventor
Mauro Pedretti
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Airlight Ltd (AG)
Prospective Concepts AG
Original Assignee
Pedretti Mauro
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Pedretti Mauro filed Critical Pedretti Mauro
Publication of EP1210489A1 publication Critical patent/EP1210489A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1210489B1 publication Critical patent/EP1210489B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H15/00—Tents or canopies, in general
    • E04H15/20—Tents or canopies, in general inflatable, e.g. shaped, strengthened or supported by fluid pressure
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H15/00—Tents or canopies, in general
    • E04H15/20—Tents or canopies, in general inflatable, e.g. shaped, strengthened or supported by fluid pressure
    • E04H2015/202—Tents or canopies, in general inflatable, e.g. shaped, strengthened or supported by fluid pressure with inflatable panels, without inflatable tubular framework
    • E04H2015/203—Tents or canopies, in general inflatable, e.g. shaped, strengthened or supported by fluid pressure with inflatable panels, without inflatable tubular framework supported by a non-inflatable structure or framework
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H15/00—Tents or canopies, in general
    • E04H15/20—Tents or canopies, in general inflatable, e.g. shaped, strengthened or supported by fluid pressure
    • E04H2015/202—Tents or canopies, in general inflatable, e.g. shaped, strengthened or supported by fluid pressure with inflatable panels, without inflatable tubular framework
    • E04H2015/205—Tents or canopies, in general inflatable, e.g. shaped, strengthened or supported by fluid pressure with inflatable panels, without inflatable tubular framework made from two sheets with intermediate spacer means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a pneumatic component according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Pneumatic components in the form of inflatable tubular hollow bodies have become known, for example from US 3,894,307 (Dl), US4,712,335 (D2), US 5,735,083 (D3 ) and FR 2,741,373 (D4). If such a component is loaded transversely, the main task to be solved is to absorb the tensile and thrust forces that occur without the component buckling. While solutions from D3 and D4 primarily know how the tensile forces can be absorbed, additional solutions for absorbing compressive forces are disclosed in DI and D2.
  • the compressive forces are absorbed by numerous carbon fiber rods, which are clamped between two separate abutments - made of reinforced concrete, for example.
  • the pneumatic part of the components described there only has the task of stabilizing the compression rod against, above all, lateral buckling.
  • FIG. Lb the subject of FIG. La in a perspec ⁇ tive
  • Fig. 7 shows an example of the application of the first
  • FIG. 9 shows an example of the combination of components according to FIG. 8, 10 shows a fifth exemplary embodiment.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of a first embodiment of the inventive concept.
  • the component shown here consists of an elongated, essentially cylindrical hollow body 1 of length L to which compressed air is applied and with a longitudinal axis A, which is made of a flexible and airtight material.
  • a pressure rod 2 that can be subjected to axial forces is attached to its upper side. Its ends are designed as nodes 3, to which two tension elements 4 are attached.
  • the axial ends of the hollow body 1 each carry a cap 5; For example, one of these caps 5 is equipped with a valve 6 for ventilating the hollow body 1.
  • the two tension elements 4 loop around the hollow body 1 helically in the opposite direction of rotation, for example once each with a constant pitch.
  • FIGS. 3a, b show a loading example of the component according to Fig. La, b.
  • Node 3 consisting of pure compressive forces F ⁇ on the compression rod 2 and pure tensile forces F z in the tensile elements 4, the vectorial components of these tensile forces, which are perpendicular to the plane of symmetry E, each compensating for zero, but the component perpendicular to the plane of symmetry E a large one Issue rigidity and kink resistance.
  • the limit load of such a component results from the fact that the surface pressure (in N / m 2 ) of the hollow body 1 caused by the tensile stress of the tensile elements 4 must be less than the excess pressure p prevailing in the hollow body 1.
  • Fig. 3a, b, c are views of some exemplary details of the hollow body 1.
  • the hollow body 1, 1 is performed in function separation.
  • sleeves 12, 13, which can be continuous or interrupted, are sewn onto the casing 10.
  • the cuff 13 receives the compression rod 2, the cuffs 12 the tension elements 4, which are designed here as flat strips.
  • the casing 10 and the hose 11 form a functional unit, which is referred to as a pressure element 14 and consists, for example, of a plastic-coated fabric which is either sewn and sealed, welded or glued in a known manner.
  • the pressure element 14 carries a plurality of straps 15, 16, the simple straps 15 being provided for the tension elements 4, the position of which is defined by their property as geodesic lines, but the straps 16 for the compression rod 2 as So-called capstan tabs are designed, which loop around the pressure rod 2 once. in the slack states of the pressure body 14, the tabs 16 are loose, the pressure rod can be easily inserted.
  • the pressure element 14 In the operating state of the pressure element 14, however, they are placed tightly around the pressure rod 2 and thus prevent it from buckling sideways.
  • the materials used can be adapted over a wide range.
  • textile materials such as polyester ropes and fabric for the tension elements 4 and the reinforcement of the hollow body 1 are completely sufficient and also inexpensive.
  • the compression member 2 even simple materials such as bamboo ⁇ character used example. Since the pressure rod 2 is well secured against lateral buckling by the sleeves 13, the pressure rod 2 can also be composed of butt-jointed pieces of material.
  • the first exemplary embodiment of the pneumatic component according to FIGS. 1 a, b, 2 is preferably suitable for a point load m in the center of the component or for an evenly distributed load. If the load distribution is to be optimized for other load application points, the number of tension elements 4 can be increased. This is shown with the aid of FIGS. 4a to e.
  • Fig. 4a shows the exemplary embodiment of Fig. La, b and Fig. 2 m of the development of the hollow body 1.
  • each pulling element 4 describes two whole revolutions around the hollow body 1 and is also attached to the compression rod 2 at L / 2, for example. If the component according to the invention is used as a supporting beam or an element corresponding to it, then according to the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 4b, a support at L / 2 is necessary. This exemplary embodiment thus transitions into that of FIG. 4a with halved L.
  • the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 4c is a superimposition of those according to FIGS. 4a and b with regard to the tension elements 4. Since the hollow body 1 is underpinned by the tension elements 4 as in FIG. 4a at L / 2, no center support is required here. Furthermore, preference is given to point loads at L / 2.
  • FIGS. 5, 6 Two exemplary embodiments in the form of non-cylindrical hollow bodies 1 are shown in FIGS. 5, 6. That of FIG. 5 has a toroidal hollow body 1; the associated pressure rod 2 is then, for example, a circular arc.
  • the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 6 is a double cone with, for example, an arcuate surface line.
  • a truncated cone-shaped hollow body 1 is also included in the inventive concept
  • FIGS. 1, 2 are arranged analogously to FIGS. 1, 2.
  • 4a to e here adapted accordingly, also according to the invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a representation of an application example of the pneumatic component according to the invention according to FIGS. 1, 2.
  • Several, for example five, of such components are combined to form a bridge 18.
  • a yoke 19 holds all nodes 3 a Bruck side and routes the reaction force F ⁇ the components m a .. the yoke 19 is shown in phantom 7 waiving any technical detail, since the formation of such yokes 19 is known to those skilled in Fig..
  • Wooden planks 20, for example, are placed transversely over the pneumatic components consisting of hollow body 1, compression rod 2 and tension elements 4 and are connected to one another and the compression rods 2 in a manner known per se.
  • the other end of the bridge 18, not shown, is of the same type.
  • other known types of coverings for the bridge are possible, such as perforated sheets or other suitable shapes and materials.
  • FIG. 8 is a representation of a further exemplary embodiment of the inventive concept.
  • FIG. 8a shows a side view
  • FIG. 8b shows a top view
  • FIG. 8c shows a cross section.
  • the hollow body 1 is of the same design as that according to FIG. 1, finally, of the various manufacturing variants.
  • the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 8 has two pressure bars 2 attached to the side.
  • Each compression rod 2 has a node 3 at each end for the positive connection of the compression rod 2 and tension elements 4.
  • the hollow body 1 now has the same pressure gauge, its effective one High, at the same time the component according to FIG. 8 (marked with the number 22) is able to absorb positive and negative bending moments.
  • the maximum load capacity thus reduced could, of course, be compensated for if necessary by selecting a larger diameter for the hollow body 1.
  • the compression rod 2 is fastened to the hollow body 1 using analog or the same means as in the first exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 1, 2. Otherwise, what has been said about the tension elements in FIGS. 4a-e also applies to the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 8.
  • FIG. 9 shows an application example of a combination of components 22 according to FIG. 8.
  • a large number of such components 22 are arranged side by side.
  • Each pressure rod 2 takes over the pressure force of two adjacent components 22 resulting from the loading of the component 22 in the direction of the vector arrows (load force F L ) m in FIG. 9.
  • the walls of two adjacent hollow bodies 1 are joined together along two surface lines - by sewing , Gluing or welding - which creates a slow-moving pocket 21.
  • the push rod 2 inserted into the initially still slack pockets 21 is clamped between the hollow bodies 1 and is secured against buckling in both directions.
  • a light roof with a large span can be created, which also has the great advantage of being able to withstand both snow loads and lifting wind forces.
  • FIGS. 5, 6 It is also included in the inventive concept to provide the exemplary embodiments shown in FIGS. 5, 6 with two printing letters 2 according to FIG. 8. Furthermore, such modified components as shown in FIGS. 5 and 8 can also be joined to one another as shown in FIG. 9. A curved roof can thus be realized; by varying the radius of curvature of the components 5 and 8 and variation of their lengths, a dome can also be produced.
  • FIG. 10 A further exemplary embodiment of the inventive concept is shown in FIG. 10.
  • four pressure bars 2 are arranged in a regularly distributed manner around the cylindrical hollow body 1.
  • Each compression rod 2 in turn has a node 3 at each end, in which, for example, two tension elements 4 are fastened.
  • the same signatures are assigned to each pair of tension elements belonging to a compression rod 2.
  • Against buckling of the pressure rods 2 in the azimuthal direction of the cylindrical hollow body 1 and against radial buckling outwards they are secured by sleeves (analogously to the sleeves 13 according to FIG. 3), and against radial buckling inwards by the overpressure in the hollow body 1. In this way the result is an extremely light and axially highly resilient pneumatic component. Suitable and known means can be used to ensure that the axial pressure load is evenly distributed over all four pressure rods.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Tents Or Canopies (AREA)
  • Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
  • Diaphragms And Bellows (AREA)
  • Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
  • Actuator (AREA)
  • Piezo-Electric Transducers For Audible Bands (AREA)
  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)
  • Fluid-Damping Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The pneumatic structural component according to the invention comprises an essentially cylindrical airtight hollow body (1) with radius rh and length Lh and two caps (5), which is made from a flexible, but low-stretch, preferably textile material. The hollow body (1) on its side exposed to the loading it carries a pressure rod (2) of length Lh, which is secured against sideways buckling and at both its ends carries a node (3). At least one pair of tension elements (4) is joined to the pressure rod (2) in the nodes (3). The tension elements (4) run screw-shaped and contra-rotating in a whole number of circuits around the hollow body (1) and intersect each other at positions (8), which lie on a surface line (7) opposite to the pressure rod (2). The pressure rod (2), the surface line (7) and the longitudinal axis of the hollow body, referenced A define a plane E in which the engaging loads and forces lie.

Description

Pneu atisches BauelementPneumatic component
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein pneumatisches Bauelement nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1. Pneumatische Bauelemente m der Form von aufblasbaren rohr- formigen Hohlkörpern sind mehrere bekannt geworden, so beispielsweise aus US 3,894,307 (Dl), US4,712,335 ( D2 ) , US 5,735,083 (D3) und FR 2,741,373 (D4). Wird ein solches Bauelement transversal belastet, so liegt die zu losende Aufgabe vor allem darin, die auftretenden Zug- und Schubkräfte aufzunehmen, ohne dass das Bauelement einknickt. Wahrend aus D3 und D4 vor allem Losungen bekannt sind, wie die Zugkräfte aufgenommen werden können, werden in Dl und D2 zusätzlich Losungen für die Aufnahme von Druckkräften offenbart. In D2 werden die Druckkräfte durch zahlreiche Kohlefaserstabe aufgenommen, welche zwischen zwei gesondert zu errichtende Widerlager - beispielsweise aus Stahlbeton - eingespannt sind. Der pneumatische Teil der dort beschriebenen Bauelemente hat nur die Aufgabe, die Druckstabe gegen vor allem seit- liches Ausknicken zu stabilisieren.The present invention relates to a pneumatic component according to the preamble of claim 1. Pneumatic components in the form of inflatable tubular hollow bodies have become known, for example from US 3,894,307 (Dl), US4,712,335 (D2), US 5,735,083 (D3 ) and FR 2,741,373 (D4). If such a component is loaded transversely, the main task to be solved is to absorb the tensile and thrust forces that occur without the component buckling. While solutions from D3 and D4 primarily know how the tensile forces can be absorbed, additional solutions for absorbing compressive forces are disclosed in DI and D2. In D2, the compressive forces are absorbed by numerous carbon fiber rods, which are clamped between two separate abutments - made of reinforced concrete, for example. The pneumatic part of the components described there only has the task of stabilizing the compression rod against, above all, lateral buckling.
In Dl werden mehrere der beschriebenen Bauelemente parallel zusammengefasst zu einer Brücke. Die Zugkräfte werden durch untenliegende, gesondert geführte Kabel aufgenommen, die Druckkräfte durch die aus Elementen aneinandergereihte Bru- ckenplatte. Dabei muss jedes Element gegen Ausknicken für sich an zwei weiteren, parallel zu den pneumatischen Elementen verlaufenden, Kabeln gesichert werden.In Dl several of the components described are combined in parallel to form a bridge. The tensile forces are absorbed by separate cables below, the compressive forces by the bridge plate made up of elements. Each element must be secured against kinking on two additional cables that run parallel to the pneumatic elements.
In den der vorliegenden Erfindung am nächsten liegenden Dokumenten Dl, D2, werden Vorrichtungen beschrieben, welche zwar sowohl Zug-, als auch Druckelemente aufweisen, im Übrigen jedoch sowohl in der Herstellung als auch im Einsatz sehr aufwendig sind. Überdies sind die eigentlichen pneumatischen Elemente lediglich als Abstandshalter zwischen Zug- und Druck-elementen eingesetzt und konnten m dieser Funktion auch durch andere Leichtbauelemente ersetzt werden. Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht m der Schaffung von pneumatischen Bauelementen mit Zug- und Druckelementen, welche einfach und kostengünstig hergestellt, leicht zu komple- xeren Bauteilen und Bauten wie Dachern und Brücken zusammengefügt werden können und deren Aufrichtung zudem sehr schnell erfolgen kann.In the documents D1, D2 closest to the present invention, devices are described which, although having both tensile and pressure elements, are otherwise very expensive both in terms of manufacture and in use. In addition, the actual pneumatic elements are only used as spacers between tension and compression elements and could also be replaced by other lightweight components in this function. The object of the present invention is to create pneumatic components with tension and compression elements, which are simple and inexpensive to manufacture, easy to complete. Other components and structures such as roofs and bridges can be joined together and their erection can also be done very quickly.
Die Losung der Aufgabe ist wiedergegeben im kennzeichnenden Teil des Anspruches 1 hinsichtlich ihrer wesentlichen Merkmale, m den folgenden Ansprüchen hinsichtlich weiterer vorteilhafter Ausbildungen.The solution to the problem is given in the characterizing part of claim 1 with regard to its essential features, m the following claims with regard to further advantageous developments.
Anhand der beigefugten Zeichnung wird der Erfindungsgegenstand mittels mehrerer Ausfuhrungsbeispiele naher erläutert. Es zeigenBased on the attached drawing, the subject matter of the invention is explained in more detail by means of several exemplary embodiments. Show it
Fig. la die schematische Darstellung eines erstenFig. La the schematic representation of a first
Ausfuhrungsbeispiels eines pneumatischen Bauelementes m Seitenansicht,Exemplary embodiment of a pneumatic component m side view,
Fig. lb den Gegenstand von Fig. la in einer Perspek¬ tive,Fig. Lb the subject of FIG. La in a perspec ¬ tive,
Fig. 2 eine schematische Darstellung der Kräfte,2 shows a schematic representation of the forces,
Fig. 3a, b, c Ausfuhrungsdetails des ersten Ausfuhrungsbei- spiel,3a, b, c execution details of the first embodiment,
Fig. 4a bis e Verschiedene Anordnungen von Zugelementen in Abwicklungen,4a to e Various arrangements of tension elements in developments,
Fig. 5 ein zweites Ausfuhrungsbeispiel,5 shows a second exemplary embodiment,
Fig. 6 ein drittes Ausfuhrungsbeispiel,6 shows a third exemplary embodiment,
Fig. 7 ein Beispiel f r die Anwendung des erstenFig. 7 shows an example of the application of the first
Ausfuhrungsbeispiels,exemplary embodiment,
Fig. 8a, b, c ein viertes Ausfuhrungsbeispiel m drei An- sichten,8a, b, c a fourth exemplary embodiment in three views,
Fig. 9 ein Beispiel für die Kombination von Bauelementen gemass Fig. 8, Fig. 10 ein fünftes Ausfuhrungsbeispiel.9 shows an example of the combination of components according to FIG. 8, 10 shows a fifth exemplary embodiment.
Fig. 1 ist eine schematische Darstellung eines ersten Ausführungsbeispiels des Erfindungsgedankens. Das hier gezeigte Bauelement besteht aus einem langgestreckten, im wesentlichen zylindrischen mit Druckluft beaufschlagten Hohlkörper 1 der Lange L und mit einer Langsachse A, welcher aus einem flexiblen und luftdichten Material gefertigt ist. Auf seiner Oberseite ist ein auf axiale Kräfte beanspruchbarer Druckstab 2 angebracht. Dessen Enden sind als Knoten 3 ausgestaltet, an denen je zwei Zugelemente 4 befestigt sind. Die axialen Enden des Hohlkörpers 1 tragen je eine Kappe 5; beispielsweise eine dieser Kappen 5 ist mit einem Ventil 6 zur Be- und Entlüftung des Hohlkörpers 1 ausgerüstet. Die zwei Zugelemente 4 umschlingen den Hohlkörper 1 schraubenförmig in entgegengesetztem Umlaufssinne beispielsweise je einmal mit konstanter Ganghohe. Daher überschneiden sie einander an einer Stelle 8 in der Mitte einer dem Druckstab 2 gegenüberliegenden Mantellinie 7. Druckstab 2 und Mantellinie 7 liegen beide in einer Symmetrieebene E, welche ebenfalls die mit A bezeichnete Langsachse des Hohlkörpers 1 enthalt. Der Druckstab 2 ist so auf dem Hohlkörper 1 angebracht, dass er beispielsweise im schlaffen Zustande des Hohlkörpers 1 eingeschoben werden kann, wie in Fig. 3a, b gezeigt wird. Da- mit ist er gegen seitliches Ausknicken gesichert. Verschiedene Ausfuhrungsarten der Knoten 3 sind bekannt und dem Bauingenieur gelaufig, womit hier auf deren Darstellung verzichtet werden kann. Fig. 2 zeigt ein Belastungsbeispiel des Bauelementes gemass Fig. la, b. Eine in der Symmetrieebene E liegende Kraft Fm wirkt auf die Mitte des Druckstabes 2. Dieser ist in den Knoten 3 unterstutzt. Unter Vernachlässigung des Eigengewichtes des Bauelementes wirken dann Auflagerkrafte FÄ auf jeden Knoten 3. Wie dem Fachmann bekannt ist, wirken nun von beiden -zi-Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of a first embodiment of the inventive concept. The component shown here consists of an elongated, essentially cylindrical hollow body 1 of length L to which compressed air is applied and with a longitudinal axis A, which is made of a flexible and airtight material. A pressure rod 2 that can be subjected to axial forces is attached to its upper side. Its ends are designed as nodes 3, to which two tension elements 4 are attached. The axial ends of the hollow body 1 each carry a cap 5; For example, one of these caps 5 is equipped with a valve 6 for ventilating the hollow body 1. The two tension elements 4 loop around the hollow body 1 helically in the opposite direction of rotation, for example once each with a constant pitch. Therefore, they overlap one another at a point 8 in the middle of a surface line 7 opposite the pressure rod 2. Pressure rod 2 and surface line 7 both lie in a plane of symmetry E, which likewise contains the longitudinal axis labeled A with the hollow body 1. The compression rod 2 is attached to the hollow body 1 in such a way that it can be inserted, for example, in the slack state of the hollow body 1, as is shown in FIGS. 3a, b. This prevents it from buckling sideways. Different types of execution of the nodes 3 are known and familiar to the civil engineer, which means that they are not shown here. Fig. 2 shows a loading example of the component according to Fig. La, b. A force F m lying in the plane of symmetry E acts on the center of the pressure rod 2. This is supported in the node 3. Neglecting the weight of the component, support forces F Ä then act on each node 3. As is known to the person skilled in the art, both now act -zi-
Knoten 3 aus reine Druckkräfte FΞ auf den Druckstab 2 und reine Zugkräfte Fz in den Zugelementen 4, wobei sich die vektoriellen Komponenten dieser Zugkräfte, welche senkrecht zur Symmetrieebene E stehen, jeweils zu Null kompensieren, jedoch dem Bauelement senkrecht zur Symmetrieebene E eine grosse Steifigkeit und Knickfestigkeit erteilen. Die Grenzlast eines solchen Bauelementes ergibt sich daraus, dass die durch die Zugspannung der Zugelemente 4 verursachte Flachenpressung (in N/m2) des Hohlkörpers 1 kleiner sein uss, als der im Hohlkörper 1 herrschende Überdruck p.Node 3 consisting of pure compressive forces F Ξ on the compression rod 2 and pure tensile forces F z in the tensile elements 4, the vectorial components of these tensile forces, which are perpendicular to the plane of symmetry E, each compensating for zero, but the component perpendicular to the plane of symmetry E a large one Issue rigidity and kink resistance. The limit load of such a component results from the fact that the surface pressure (in N / m 2 ) of the hollow body 1 caused by the tensile stress of the tensile elements 4 must be less than the excess pressure p prevailing in the hollow body 1.
Fig. 3a, b, c sind Darstellungen einiger Ausführungsdetails des Hohlkörpers 1. Im Querschnitt gemass Fig. 3a ist1 der Hohlkörper 1 in Funktionstrennung ausgeführt: Eine aussere Hülle 10, beispielsweise aus einem textilen Gewebe gefertigt, übernimmt die Kraft- und Spannungsbeanspruchungen. In ihrem Inneren birgt sie einen luftdichten Schlauch 11 aus einem geeigneten Elastomer, welcher durch die Hülle 10 in seiner Form definiert und gehalten wird. Beispielsweise auf die Hülle 10 aufgenaht sind Manschetten 12, 13, welche durchgehend oder auch unterbrochen sein können. Die Manschette 13 nimmt den Druckstab 2 auf, die Manschetten 12 die Zugelemente 4, welche hier als flache Bander ausgeführt sind.Fig. 3a, b, c are views of some exemplary details of the hollow body 1. In the cross section according to FIG 3a, the hollow body 1, 1 is performed in function separation. An outer sheath 10, for example made of a textile fabric, takes over the force, and voltage stresses. Inside, it contains an airtight tube 11 made of a suitable elastomer, which is defined and held in shape by the cover 10. For example, sleeves 12, 13, which can be continuous or interrupted, are sewn onto the casing 10. The cuff 13 receives the compression rod 2, the cuffs 12 the tension elements 4, which are designed here as flat strips.
In der Ausfuhrung gemass Fig. 3b bilden die Hülle 10 und der Schlauch 11 eine Funktionseinheit, welche als Druckkorper 14 bezeichnet wird und beispielsweise aus einem kunststoffbeschichteten Gewebe besteht, welches in bekannter Weise entweder genaht und abgedichtet, geschweisst oder geklebt ist. Als Variante zu den Manschetten 12, 13 tragt der Druckkorper 14 mehrere Laschen 15, 16, wobei die einfachen Laschen 15 für die Zugelemente 4 vorgesehen sind, deren Lage durch ihre Eigenschaft als geodätische Linien definiert ist, die Laschen 16 für den Druckstab 2 jedoch als sog. Capstan-Laschen ausgeführt sind, welche den Druckstab 2 einmal umschlingen. Im schlaffen Zustande des Druckkorpers 14 sind die Laschen 16 locker, der Druckstab lasst sich ohne weiteres einschieben. Im Betriebszustande des Druckkorpers 14 sind sie jedoch straff um den Druckstab 2 gelegt und verhindern damit dessen seitliches Ausknicken. Den Anforderungen entsprechend, die an das Bauelement gestellt werden, können die verwendeten Materialien m einem weiten Bereich angepasst werden. Für einfachere Anwendungen sind textile Materialien wie Polyesterseile und -Gewebe für die Zugelemente 4 und die Bewehrung des Hohl- korpers 1 vollauf genügend und zudem kostengünstig. Für den Druckstab 2 können selbst einfache Materialien wie beispiels¬ weise Bambusstabe verwendet werden. Da der Druckstab 2 gegen seitliches Ausknicken durch die Manschetten 13 gut gesichert ist, kann der Druckstab 2 auch aus stumpf stossenden Emzel- stucken zusammengesetzt sein.In the embodiment according to FIG. 3b, the casing 10 and the hose 11 form a functional unit, which is referred to as a pressure element 14 and consists, for example, of a plastic-coated fabric which is either sewn and sealed, welded or glued in a known manner. As a variant of the sleeves 12, 13, the pressure element 14 carries a plurality of straps 15, 16, the simple straps 15 being provided for the tension elements 4, the position of which is defined by their property as geodesic lines, but the straps 16 for the compression rod 2 as So-called capstan tabs are designed, which loop around the pressure rod 2 once. in the slack states of the pressure body 14, the tabs 16 are loose, the pressure rod can be easily inserted. In the operating state of the pressure element 14, however, they are placed tightly around the pressure rod 2 and thus prevent it from buckling sideways. Depending on the requirements placed on the component, the materials used can be adapted over a wide range. For simpler applications, textile materials such as polyester ropes and fabric for the tension elements 4 and the reinforcement of the hollow body 1 are completely sufficient and also inexpensive. For the compression member 2 even simple materials such as bamboo ¬ character used example. Since the pressure rod 2 is well secured against lateral buckling by the sleeves 13, the pressure rod 2 can also be composed of butt-jointed pieces of material.
Für hohe Belastungen können jedoch textile Materialien aus Aramidfasern und für den Druckstab 2 Kompositmaterialien aus Kohlefasern m einer geeigneten Kunststoffmatrix vorgesehen werden. Die in den Fig. 3a, b, c dargestellten Ausfuhrungsbeispiele sind ohne beschrankenden Charakter; dem mit der Losung dieser Details vertrauten Fachmann werden viele weitere Losungen für die Details zur Verfugung stehen. Das erste Ausfuhrungsbeispiel des pneumatischen Bauelementes gemass Fig. la, b, 2 ist vorzugsweise geeignet für eine Punktlast m der Mitte des Bauelementes oder für eine gleich- massig verteilte Belastung. Soll die Lastverteilung optimiert werden für andere Lastangriffsstellen, so kann die Anzahl der Zugelemente 4 vermehrt werden. Dies wird anhand der Fig. 4a bis e gezeigt.For high loads, however, textile materials made of aramid fibers and for the compression rod 2 composite materials made of carbon fibers can be provided in a suitable plastic matrix. The exemplary embodiments shown in FIGS. 3a, b, c are of no restrictive nature; Many other solutions for the details will be available to the expert familiar with the solution to these details. The first exemplary embodiment of the pneumatic component according to FIGS. 1 a, b, 2 is preferably suitable for a point load m in the center of the component or for an evenly distributed load. If the load distribution is to be optimized for other load application points, the number of tension elements 4 can be increased. This is shown with the aid of FIGS. 4a to e.
Fig. 4a zeigt das Ausfuhrungsbeispiel von Fig. la, b und Fig. 2 m der Abwicklung des Hohlkörpers 1. In Fig. 4b beschreibt jedes Zugelement 4 zwei ganze Umlaufe um den Hohlkörper 1 und ist beispielsweise bei L/2 am Druckstab 2 ebenfalls befestigt. Wird das erfindungsgemasse Bauelement als Tragbalken oder ein ihm entsprechendes Element verwendet, so ist nach dem Ausfuhrungsbeispiel von Fig. 4b eine Stutze bei L/2 not- wendig. Damit geht dieses Ausfuhrungsbeispiel in jenes, von Fig. 4a über bei halbiertem L.Fig. 4a shows the exemplary embodiment of Fig. La, b and Fig. 2 m of the development of the hollow body 1. In Fig. 4b, each pulling element 4 describes two whole revolutions around the hollow body 1 and is also attached to the compression rod 2 at L / 2, for example. If the component according to the invention is used as a supporting beam or an element corresponding to it, then according to the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 4b, a support at L / 2 is necessary. This exemplary embodiment thus transitions into that of FIG. 4a with halved L.
Das Ausfuhrungsbeispiel gemass Fig. 4c ist hinsichtlich der Zugelemente 4 eine Überlagerung jener gemass Fig. 4a und b. Da der Hohlkörper 1 wie in Fig. 4a bei L/2 durch die Zugele- mente 4 unterfangen ist, ist hier keine Mittelstutze vonno- ten. Ferner entfallt auch die Bevorzugung von Punktlasten bei L/2.The exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 4c is a superimposition of those according to FIGS. 4a and b with regard to the tension elements 4. Since the hollow body 1 is underpinned by the tension elements 4 as in FIG. 4a at L / 2, no center support is required here. Furthermore, preference is given to point loads at L / 2.
Im Ausfuhrungsbeispiel gemass Fig. 4d sind drei Paare von Zugelementen 4 eingesetzt; das Bauelement wird damit für Lini- enlasten geeignet. An den Stellen 8, wo sich die Zugelemente 4 überschneiden, sind diese gegenseitig gegen Verschieben gesichert. Fig. 4e zeigt den Einsatz von zwei parallel gegeneinander verschobenen Paaren von Zugelementen 4. Die nicht in den Enden des Druckstabes 2 ansetzenden Zugelemente 4 sind an diesem Stellen ebenfalls in Knotenelementen gesichert. Auch diese Ausfuhrung entschärft die Bevorzugung von Punktlasten in L/2.In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 4d, three pairs of tension elements 4 are used; the component is therefore suitable for line loads. At points 8 where the tension elements 4 overlap, they are mutually secured against displacement. 4e shows the use of two pairs of tension elements 4 which are displaced parallel to one another. The tension elements 4 which do not start in the ends of the compression rod 2 are also secured at this point in node elements. This version also defuses the preference for point loads in L / 2.
Zwei Ausfuhrungsbeispiele in Form nicht zylindrischer Hohlkörper 1 sind dargestellt in Fig. 5, 6. Dasjenige von Fig. 5 weist einen torusformigen Hohlkörper 1 auf; der zugehörige Druckstab 2 ist dann beispielsweise kreisbogenformig . Das Ausfuhrungsbeispiel von Fig. 6 ist ein Doppelkonus mit beispielsweise kreisbogenformiger Mantellinie. Selbstverständlich ist auch kegelstumpfformiger Hohlkörper 1 im Erfin- dungsgedanken mitenthaltenTwo exemplary embodiments in the form of non-cylindrical hollow bodies 1 are shown in FIGS. 5, 6. That of FIG. 5 has a toroidal hollow body 1; the associated pressure rod 2 is then, for example, a circular arc. The exemplary embodiment of FIG. 6 is a double cone with, for example, an arcuate surface line. Of course, a truncated cone-shaped hollow body 1 is also included in the inventive concept
Die Zugelemente der Ausfuhrungsbeispiele gemass Fig. 5, 6 sind angeordnet analog zu Fig. 1,2. Selbstverständlich sind alle Ausfuhrungsformen gemass Fig. 4a bis e, hier entsprechend angepasst, ebenfalls erfmdungsgemass .5, 6 are arranged analogously to FIGS. 1, 2. Of course 4a to e, here adapted accordingly, also according to the invention.
Fig. 7 ist die Darstellung eines Anwendungsbeispiels des er- fmdungsgemassen pneumatischen Bauelementes gemass Fig. 1, 2. Mehrere, beispielsweise fünf, solcher Bauelemente sind zusam- mengefasst zu einer Brücke 18. An jedem Ende dieser Brücke 18 fasst ein Joch 19 alle Knoten 3 einer Bruckenseite zusammen und leitet die Auflagerkraft FÄ m die Bauelemente ein.. Das Joch 19 ist in Fig. 7 durchsichtig dargestellt unter Verzicht auf jegliche technische Einzelheit, da die Ausbildung solcher Joche 19 dem Fachmann bekannt ist.7 is a representation of an application example of the pneumatic component according to the invention according to FIGS. 1, 2. Several, for example five, of such components are combined to form a bridge 18. At each end of this bridge 18, a yoke 19 holds all nodes 3 a Bruck side and routes the reaction force F Ä the components m a .. the yoke 19 is shown in phantom 7 waiving any technical detail, since the formation of such yokes 19 is known to those skilled in Fig..
Quer über die aus Hohlkörper 1, Druckstab 2 und Zugelementen 4 bestehenden pneumatischen Bauelemente sind beispielsweise Holzplanken 20 gelegt und in an sich bekannter Weise itein- ander und den Druckstaben 2 verbunden. Das nicht dargestellte andere Ende der Brücke 18 ist m gleicher Art ausgeführt. Selbstverständlich sind weitere bekannte Arten von Deckbelagen für die Brücke möglich, wie Lochbleche oder andere geeignete Formen und Materialien. Ebenfalls nicht dargestellt - da Stand der Technik - sind die Ventile 6 und ein allenfalls sie zusammenfassendes Sammelrohr zum gleichzeitigen und druckgleichen Aufpumpen der Hohlkörper 1. Fig. 8 ist die Darstellung eines weiteren Ausfuhrungsbei- Spiels des Erfindungsgedankens. Fig. 8a zeigt eine Seitenansicht, Fig. 8b eine Draufsicht und Fig. 8c einen Querschnitt. Der Hohlkörper 1 ist gleich ausgebildet, wie jener gemass Fig. 1 emschliesslich der verschiedenen Herstellungsvaπan- ten. Das Ausfuhrungsbeispiel gemass Fig. 8 weist jedoch zwei seitlich angebrachte Druckstabe 2 auf. Jeder Druckstab 2 tragt an jedem Ende einen Knoten 3 zur kraftschlussigen Verbindung von Druckstab 2 und Zugelementen 4. Zwar nimmt bei gleichem Druckmesser des Hohlkörpers 1 nun dessen wirksame Hohe ab, gleichzeitig ist das Bauelement nach Fig. 8 (mit der Ziffer 22 belegt) jedoch in der Lage positive und negative Biegemomente aufzunehmen. Die so reduzierte maximale Belastbarkeit konnte, falls notig, selbstverständlich durch die Wahl eines grosseren Durchmessers für den Hohlkörper 1 kompensiert werden. Die Befestigung der Druckstabe 2 am Hohlkörper 1 geschieht mit analogen oder gleichen Mitteln, wie beim ersten Ausfuhrungsbeispiel gemass Fig. 1, 2. Im Übrigen gilt das zu Fig. 4a - e zu den Zugelementen Gesagte auch für das Ausfuhrungsbeispiel gemass Fig. 8.Wooden planks 20, for example, are placed transversely over the pneumatic components consisting of hollow body 1, compression rod 2 and tension elements 4 and are connected to one another and the compression rods 2 in a manner known per se. The other end of the bridge 18, not shown, is of the same type. Of course, other known types of coverings for the bridge are possible, such as perforated sheets or other suitable shapes and materials. Also not shown - since they are state of the art - are the valves 6 and, if at all, a collecting tube for the simultaneous and pressure-equal inflation of the hollow bodies 1. FIG. 8 is a representation of a further exemplary embodiment of the inventive concept. FIG. 8a shows a side view, FIG. 8b shows a top view and FIG. 8c shows a cross section. The hollow body 1 is of the same design as that according to FIG. 1, finally, of the various manufacturing variants. However, the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 8 has two pressure bars 2 attached to the side. Each compression rod 2 has a node 3 at each end for the positive connection of the compression rod 2 and tension elements 4. Although the hollow body 1 now has the same pressure gauge, its effective one High, at the same time the component according to FIG. 8 (marked with the number 22) is able to absorb positive and negative bending moments. The maximum load capacity thus reduced could, of course, be compensated for if necessary by selecting a larger diameter for the hollow body 1. The compression rod 2 is fastened to the hollow body 1 using analog or the same means as in the first exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 1, 2. Otherwise, what has been said about the tension elements in FIGS. 4a-e also applies to the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 8.
In Fig. 9 ist ein Anwendungsbeispiel einer Kombination von Bauelementen 22 gemass Fig. 8 dargestellt. Eine Vielzahl von solchen Bauelementen 22 ist nebeneinander angeordnet. Jeder Druckstab 2 übernimmt die aus der Belastung des Bauelementes 22 in Richtung der Vektorpfeile (Lastkraft FL) m Fig. 9 resultierende Druckkraft zweier benachbarter Bauelemente 22. Zur Aufnahme eines Druckstabes 2 sind die Wandungen zweier benachbarter Hohlkörper 1 entlang zweier Mantellinien zusammengefugt - durch Nahen, Kleben oder Schweissen - wodurch ei- ne langsverlaufende Tasche 21 entsteht. Durch das Aufpumpen der Hohlkörper 1 werden die in die zunächst noch schlaffen Taschen 21 eingeschobenen Druckstabe 2 zwischen den Hohlkörpern 1 eingeklemmt und sind gegen Ausknicken auf beide Richtungen gesichert. Durch eine solche Anordnung lasst sich ein leichtes Dach grosser Spannweite erzeugen, das zudem den gro- ssen Vorteil hat sowohl Schneelasten als auch hebenden Wind- kraften standzuhalten.FIG. 9 shows an application example of a combination of components 22 according to FIG. 8. A large number of such components 22 are arranged side by side. Each pressure rod 2 takes over the pressure force of two adjacent components 22 resulting from the loading of the component 22 in the direction of the vector arrows (load force F L ) m in FIG. 9. To hold a pressure rod 2, the walls of two adjacent hollow bodies 1 are joined together along two surface lines - by sewing , Gluing or welding - which creates a slow-moving pocket 21. By inflating the hollow body 1, the push rod 2 inserted into the initially still slack pockets 21 is clamped between the hollow bodies 1 and is secured against buckling in both directions. With such an arrangement, a light roof with a large span can be created, which also has the great advantage of being able to withstand both snow loads and lifting wind forces.
Es ist im Erfindungsgedanken ferner enthalten, die n Fig. 5, 6 dargestellten Ausfuhrungsbeispiele mit zwei Druckstaben 2 gemass Fig. 8 zu versehen. Ferner können solche modifizierte Bauelemente gemass Fig. 5 und 8 auch aneinander gefugt werden gemass Fig. 9. Damit kann ein gewölbtes Dach realisiert werden; durch Variation des Krümmungsradius der Bauelemente ge- mass Fig. 5 und 8 und Variation von deren Langen lasst sich auch eine Kuppel erzeugen.It is also included in the inventive concept to provide the exemplary embodiments shown in FIGS. 5, 6 with two printing letters 2 according to FIG. 8. Furthermore, such modified components as shown in FIGS. 5 and 8 can also be joined to one another as shown in FIG. 9. A curved roof can thus be realized; by varying the radius of curvature of the components 5 and 8 and variation of their lengths, a dome can also be produced.
Ein weiteres Ausfuhrungsbeispiel des Erfindungsgedankens zeigt Fig. 10. Hier sind um den zylindrischen Hohlkörper 1 vier Druckstabe 2 regelmassig verteilt angeordnet. Jeder Druckstab 2 weist wiederum an jedem Ende einen Knoten 3 auf, in welchem beispielsweise je zwei Zugelemente 4 befestigt sind. Zur besseren Übersichtlichkeit der Fig. 10 sind j'edem zu einem Druckstab 2 gehörigen Paar von Zugelementen je die gleichen Signaturen zugeordnet. Gegen Ausknicken der Druckstäbe 2 in azimutaler Richtung des zylindrischen Hohlkörpers 1 und gegen radiales Ausknicken nach aussen sind sie durch Manschetten (analog den Manschetten 13 gemass Fig. 3) gesichert, und gegen radiales Ausknicken nach innen durch den Überdruck im Hohlkörper 1. Auf diese Weise entsteht ein aus- serordentlich leichtes und axial hoch belastbares pneumatisches Bauelement. Durch geeignete und an sich bekannte Mittel kann dafür gesorgt werden, dass die axiale Drucklast auf alle vier Druckstabe gleichmassig verteilt ist. A further exemplary embodiment of the inventive concept is shown in FIG. 10. Here four pressure bars 2 are arranged in a regularly distributed manner around the cylindrical hollow body 1. Each compression rod 2 in turn has a node 3 at each end, in which, for example, two tension elements 4 are fastened. For better clarity of FIG. 10, the same signatures are assigned to each pair of tension elements belonging to a compression rod 2. Against buckling of the pressure rods 2 in the azimuthal direction of the cylindrical hollow body 1 and against radial buckling outwards, they are secured by sleeves (analogously to the sleeves 13 according to FIG. 3), and against radial buckling inwards by the overpressure in the hollow body 1. In this way the result is an extremely light and axially highly resilient pneumatic component. Suitable and known means can be used to ensure that the axial pressure load is evenly distributed over all four pressure rods.

Claims

Patentanspruche Patent claims
1. Pneumatisches Bauelement mit einem luftdichten und durch Druckluft beaufschlagbaren langgestreckten Hohlkörper (1) aus flexiblem Material, ferner mit mindestens einem Druckstab (2) und mindestens einem Paar von Zugelementen (4), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der mindestens eine Druckstab (2) längs einer Mantel- linie des Hohlkörpers (1) an diesem anliegt und durch manschettenartige Elemente (13, 16) gegen Verschieben und Ausknicken gesichert ist, das mindestens eine Paar von Zugelementen (4) an den beiden Enden des mindestens einen Druckstabes (2) befestigt sind, zu welchem Zweck der Druckstab (2) an jedem Ende einen Knoten (3) aufweist zur gegenseitigen kraftschlussigen Befestigung von Druckstab (2) und Zugelementen (4), die mindestens zwei Zugelemente (4) mit mindestens einem Umgang schraubenförmig gegenläufig um den Hohl- korper (1) herumgelegt sind und einander auf eine dem1. Pneumatic component with an airtight elongated hollow body (1) which can be acted upon by compressed air and is made of flexible material, furthermore with at least one pressure rod (2) and at least one pair of tension elements (4), characterized in that the at least one pressure rod (2) is longitudinal A casing line of the hollow body (1) bears against it and is secured against displacement and buckling by sleeve-like elements (13, 16), which at least one pair of tension elements (4) are attached to the two ends of the at least one pressure rod (2) For what purpose the pressure rod (2) has a knot (3) at each end for the mutual non-positive fastening of the pressure rod (2) and tension elements (4), the at least two tension elements (4) with at least one handling in a helical opposite direction around the hollow body (1) are laid around and each other on one
Druckstab (2) gegenüberliegenden Mantellinie (7) des Hohlkopers (1) überschneiden, die Knoten (3) zur Aufnahme von Auflagerkraften eingerichtet sind.Overlap the pressure rod (2) opposite surface line (7) of the hollow coper (1), the knots (3) are set up to absorb support forces.
2. Pneumatisches Bauelement nach Patentanspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Hohlkörper (1) aus einem luftdicht beschichteten zugfesten Gewebe besteht und mindestens ein Ventil (6) zum Be- und Entlüften aufweist.2. Pneumatic component according to claim 1, characterized in that the hollow body (1) consists of an airtight coated tensile fabric and has at least one valve (6) for ventilation.
3. Pneumatisches Bauelement nach Patentanspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Hohlkörper (1) aus einem zugfesten Gewebe besteht, welche eine aussere Hülle (10) bildet, ein luftdichter Schlauch (11) aus einem Elastomer vorhanden und in die aussere Hülle eingelegt ist und mindestens ein Ventil (6) zum Be- und Entlüften aufweist .3. Pneumatic component according to claim 1, characterized in that the hollow body (1) consists of a tensile fabric, which forms an outer shell (10), an airtight tube (11) made of an elastomer and is inserted into the outer shell and has at least one valve (6) for ventilation ,
4. Pneumatisches Bauelement nach Patentanspruch 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass - es genau einen aus mindestens einem Stuck bestehenden Druckstab (2) aufweist, welcher entlang einer Mantellinie des Hohlkörpers (1) verlauft, die Knoten (3) an seinen Enden zur Aufnahme transver¬ saler und quer durch die Langsachse des Hohlkörpers (1) verlaufender Auflagerkräfte eingerichtet ist.4. Pneumatic component according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that - it has exactly one pressure bar (2) consisting of at least one piece, which runs along a surface line of the hollow body (1), the nodes (3) at its ends for receiving transver ¬ saler and transverse to the longitudinal axis of the hollow body (1) bearing forces is set up.
5. Pneumatisches Bauelement nach Patentanspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass genau ein Paar von Zugelementen (4) vorhanden und in den Knoten (3) kraftschlussig mit dem Druckstab (2) verbunden ist, wobei die Zugelemente (4) gegenläufig je eine ganze Zahl von Umgangen um den Hohlkörper (1) beschreiben.5. Pneumatic component according to claim 4, characterized in that exactly one pair of tension elements (4) is present and in the node (3) is non-positively connected to the pressure rod (2), the tension elements (4) in opposite directions each being an integer of Describe bypassed the hollow body (1).
6. Pneumatisches Bauelement nach Patentanspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zugelemente (4) je einen Umgang um den Hohlkörper (1) beschreiben.6. Pneumatic component according to claim 5, characterized in that the tension elements (4) each describe handling around the hollow body (1).
7. Pneumatisches Bauelement nach Patentanspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass genau zwei Paare von Zugelementen (4) vorhanden und in den Knoten (3) kraftschlussig' mit den Druckstaben (2) verbunden sind, wobei jedes Paar von Zugelementen (4) eine ganze Zahl von Umgangen um den Hohlkörper (1) beschreibt. 7. Pneumatic component according to claim 4, characterized in that exactly two pairs of tension elements (4) are present and in the nodes (3) non-positively ' with the pressure bars (2), each pair of tension elements (4) an integer describes bypasses around the hollow body (1).
8. Pneumatisches Bauelement nach Patentanspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das eine Paar von Zugelementen (4) genau einen Umgang, das andere Paar von Zugelementen (4) genau zwei Umgange um den Hohlkörper (1) beschreibt.8. Pneumatic component according to claim 7, characterized in that the one pair of tension elements (4) describes exactly one handling, the other pair of tension elements (4) describes exactly two circumferences of the hollow body (1).
9. Pneumatisches Bauelement nach Patentanspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mehr als zwei Paare von Zugelementen vorhanden und in den Knoten (3) kraftschlussig mit den Druckstaben (2) verbunden sind, wobei jedes Paar von' Zu- gelementen (4) eine ganze Zahl von Umgangen um den Hohlkörper (1) beschreibt.9. Pneumatic component according to claim 4, characterized in that more than two pairs of tension elements are present and are non-positively connected to the pressure bars (2) in the nodes (3), each pair of 'elements (4) being an integer describes bypasses around the hollow body (1).
10. Pneumatisches Bauelement nach Patentanspruch 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass - genau zwei Druckstabe (2) vorhanden und entlang zwei einander gegenüberliegenden Mantellinien des Hohlkörpers (1) gegen Ausknicken an diesem befestigt sind, die Knoten (3) so eingerichtet sind, dass sie jeden Druckstab (2) mit den ihm zugeordneten Paar von Zuge- lementen (4) kraftschlussig verbinden und zur Aufnahme transversaler Auflagerkrafte eingerichtet sind, wobei diese Auflagerkrafte quer zu einer Ebene, (E) stehen, in welcher die Druckstabe (2) und die Langsachse des Hohlkörpers (1) liegen.10. Pneumatic component according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that - exactly two pressure rods (2) are present and are attached to the hollow body (1) against buckling along two opposing surface lines of the hollow body, the nodes (3) are set up in such a way that they connect each pressure rod (2) to the pair of tension elements (4) assigned to them and are set up to absorb transverse support forces, these support forces being transverse to a plane (E) in which the pressure rod (2) and the Longitudinal axis of the hollow body (1) lie.
11. Pneumatisches Bauelement nach Patentanspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Hohlkörper (1) im Wesentlichen zylindrische Form aufweist.11. Pneumatic component according to claim 10, characterized in that the hollow body (1) has a substantially cylindrical shape.
12. Pneumatisches Bauelement nach Patentanspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Hohlkörper (1) im Wesentlichen torusformig ist. 12. Pneumatic component according to claim 10, characterized in that the hollow body (1) is substantially toroidal.
13. Pneumatisches Bauelement nach Patentanspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Hohlkörper (1) mindestens einseitig konusformig ist.13. Pneumatic component according to claim 10, characterized in that the hollow body (1) is conical at least on one side.
14. Pneumatisches Bauelement nach Patentanspruch 11 oder 12 oder 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass für jeden Druckstab (2) genau ein Paar von Zugelementen (4) vorhanden und in den Knoten (3) kraftschlussig mit dem zugehörigen Druckstab (2) verbunden sind, wobei die Zugelemente (4) je ei- ne ganze Zahl von Umgangen um den Hohlkörper (1) beschreiben.14. Pneumatic component according to claim 11 or 12 or 13, characterized in that for each pressure rod (2) exactly one pair of tension elements (4) are present and in the nodes (3) are non-positively connected to the associated pressure rod (2), wherein the tension elements (4) each describe a whole number of bypasses around the hollow body (1).
15. Pneumatisches Bauelement nach Patentanspruch 11 oder 12 oder 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass für jeden Druckstab (2) mehr als ein Paar von Zugelementen (4) vorhanden und in den Knoten (3) kraftschlussig mit den zugehörigen Druckstaben (2) verbunden sind, wobei jedes Paar von Zugelementen (4) eine ganze Zahl von Umgangen um den Hohlkörper (1) beschreibt.15. Pneumatic component according to claim 11 or 12 or 13, characterized in that for each pressure rod (2) there are more than one pair of tension elements (4) and are non-positively connected to the associated pressure rods (2) in the node (3), wherein each pair of tension elements (4) describes an integer number of bypasses around the hollow body (1).
16. Pneumatisches Bauelement nach Patentanspruch 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass genau vier Druckstabe (2) vorhanden und entlang von um 90° auseinanderliegenden Mantellinien des Hohlkor- pers (1) gegen Ausknicken an diesem befestigt sind, pro Druckstab (2) mindestens ein Paar von Zugelementen (4) vorhanden und in den Knoten (3) dieses Druckstabes (2) kraftschlussig verbunden sind, jedes Paar von Zugelementen (4) eine ganze Zahl von Umgangen um den Hohlkörper (1) aufweist, die Knoten (3) zudem zur Aufnahme von axial zum Hohlkörper (1) verlaufenden Kräften eingerichtet sind. 16. Pneumatic component according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that exactly four pressure rods (2) are present and are fastened along buckling lines of the hollow body (1) that are 90 ° apart, at least one per pressure rod (2) A pair of tension elements (4) are present and non-positively connected in the nodes (3) of this pressure rod (2), each pair of tension elements (4) has an integer number of bypasses around the hollow body (1), the nodes (3) also Absorption of forces extending axially to the hollow body (1) are set up.
EP01903559A 2000-03-27 2001-02-19 Pneumatic structural element Expired - Lifetime EP1210489B1 (en)

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CH583002000 2000-03-27
CH5832000 2000-03-27
PCT/CH2001/000107 WO2001073245A1 (en) 2000-03-27 2001-02-19 Pneumatic structural element

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ZA200108237B (en) 2002-06-12
BR0105386A (en) 2002-02-26
HK1048835A1 (en) 2003-04-17
JP3906079B2 (en) 2007-04-18
US6543730B2 (en) 2003-04-08
CN1365416A (en) 2002-08-21
BR0105386B1 (en) 2009-01-13
EP1210489B1 (en) 2005-07-13
PT1210489E (en) 2005-11-30
CN1145733C (en) 2004-04-14
AU3147101A (en) 2001-10-08
HK1048835B (en) 2005-02-18
AU777055B2 (en) 2004-09-30
CA2374645A1 (en) 2001-10-04
JP2003529006A (en) 2003-09-30
ATE299549T1 (en) 2005-07-15
ES2245348T3 (en) 2006-01-01
WO2001073245A1 (en) 2001-10-04
CA2374645C (en) 2009-05-26
DE50106726D1 (en) 2005-08-18
NZ515020A (en) 2002-10-25
US20020157322A1 (en) 2002-10-31

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