EP1207340B1 - Method of controling a burner - Google Patents
Method of controling a burner Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1207340B1 EP1207340B1 EP01126826A EP01126826A EP1207340B1 EP 1207340 B1 EP1207340 B1 EP 1207340B1 EP 01126826 A EP01126826 A EP 01126826A EP 01126826 A EP01126826 A EP 01126826A EP 1207340 B1 EP1207340 B1 EP 1207340B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- phase
- gas
- setpoint
- flame signal
- burner
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
- F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
- F23N5/12—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using ionisation-sensitive elements, i.e. flame rods
- F23N5/123—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using ionisation-sensitive elements, i.e. flame rods using electronic means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
- F23D14/60—Devices for simultaneous control of gas and combustion air
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
- F23D14/72—Safety devices, e.g. operative in case of failure of gas supply
- F23D14/725—Protection against flame failure by using flame detection devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N2227/00—Ignition or checking
- F23N2227/20—Calibrating devices
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for controlling a gas burner for a heater according to claim 1.
- the gas nozzles are divided into at least two groups with different positions on the gas distributor and connected to their own gas supply. This results in a main and a secondary gas flow, so that each venturi of a fuel rod is associated with a main and at least one auxiliary gas nozzle.
- at least one secondary gas stream is introduced into the mixing chamber in addition to the main gas stream.
- the air ratio lambda in the mixing chamber is reduced, because by the injector effect of the main gas stream and the secondary gas is sucked.
- it is crucial for the adjustment of the desired gas / air ratio to control the side gas flow with an actuator.
- the gas burners have combustion sensors, such as a measuring electrode.
- a measuring electrode In particular, with ionization often flame signals are detected or formed. Thereafter, the gas / air ratio of the burner can be adjusted via the secondary gas stream to a corresponding lambda value.
- the ionization electrode transmits an electrical variable derived from the combustion temperature or the lambda value to a control circuit which compares this variable with a selected electrical desired value and sets corresponding control parameters as specifications. Since the flame signal for combustion control is influenced by various factors, usually takes place at regular intervals, automatic calibration. Such a calibration method is described in DE 195 39 568 C1 and US Pat. No. 5,899,683. It should be initiated after a certain number of operating hours or gas burner starts.
- a second shut-off valve opens on a gas fitting and the main gas supply is released.
- over-ignition must have taken place from the ignition to the main burner. If this is not the case, a safety switch-off is immediately initiated by the burner control unit.
- the invention is based on the object, a method for automatic function verification for a gas / air composite control on a gas burner for a heater to provide, during operation, the gas / air ratio in a narrow work area to keep.
- the setpoint for the flame signal in the gas / air composite control is changed. This preferably takes place within a starting sequence controlled according to predetermined values before the controlled, stationary burner operation. During the entire gas / air combined control check, there must always be an increasing flame signal in conjunction with an increasing open state of the actuator or a falling flame signal in conjunction with a decreasing open state of the actuator to ensure that the control loop is operating properly.
- the actuator for the secondary gas flow is first brought to initial position, so that the largest possible adjustment range is available. This is necessary because it can be relatively wide open during the starting process, on the one hand to ensure safe flame formation and on the other hand to achieve a relatively lean combustion.
- the setpoint value for the flame signal is then raised by a predetermined amount A.
- the new set point must be reached within a permissible time and / or with a permissible deviation with the flame signal through the combined gas / air control.
- the new setpoint is again reduced by an amount B at the beginning. This must also be achieved with the flame signal within the allowable time and / or with a permissible deviation for the third phase by moving the actuator.
- the check of the chain of effects is finished and then the original setpoint for the flame signal is valid again. If the check is positive, the gas burner goes into normal operation.
- the amount B for the new target value of the flame signal is preferably chosen to be smaller than the amount A.
- the amount A is added to the target value of the flame signal, if the current flame signal at this time is less than or equal to the target value. In the other case, if the current flame signal at this time is greater than the setpoint, the amount A at the beginning of the second phase is added to the value of the current flame signal.
- the values for the amounts A and B as well as the permissible duration of the phases at the burner control unit can be freely entered or changed within specified limits. If the flame signal reaches the setpoint already before the allowable time in the second and / or third phase, the progress of the check is accelerated. This then passes into the third phase during the second or the gas / air composite control then operates immediately during the third phase in response to the current flame signal and a setpoint. In addition, the check also proceeds from the second to the third phase when the flame signal in the allowable time of the second phase does not reach the set point, but at the end of the period by a certain allowable amount below the predetermined setpoint.
- a transition to the third phase occurs when the prevailing flame signal at the end of the second phase is greater than the value of the flame signal stored at the end of the first phase.
- the combined air / fuel ratio control operates after the third phase in response to the current flame signal and a setpoint when the flame signal does not reach the set point in the allowable time of the third phase, but by a certain allowable amount above that at the end of that period predetermined setpoint is. In this case, the flame signal prevailing at the end of the third phase is compared with the flame signal stored at the end of the second phase.
- the combined gas / air control will transition to operation in response to the current flame signal and a setpoint value only after the third phase, if the measured flame signal at the end of the third phase is less than the stored one at the end of the second phase.
- the calibration is initiated in a variant embodiment, when predetermined limit values for the position of a gas actuator and / or for the air quantity are achieved as control parameters. In a breakdown into a main and a secondary gas flow, the gas actuator is monitored for the secondary gas flow and its control signal used as a control parameter for assessing the need for a calibration, because with the side gas flow, the modulation of the burner or adjusting the gas / air ratio.
- the measured values are evaluated. Detected is the control variable of the gas actuator or the position of the gas actuator to close on the gas flow.
- the calibration is also initiated if there is a deviation of the measured value for the current at the gas actuator or its position from a mean value in the case of a heat request with a shutdown during operation. This average value is preferably formed from the last measured values, the oldest being always replaced by the most recent one. In the event of a power failure, the last measured values remain stored. Alternatively, all available memory locations for measured values can also be assigned the same value, preferably the last average value.
- a calibration is initiated if the measured value for the control variable of the gas actuator or its position is outside a tolerance band that can be set on the controller.
- the last control parameters are compared with stored, previous control parameters at each burner start.
- a method for automatic function verification for a gas / air composite control on a gas burner is created at each start, with which the entire chain of effects in the control loop of the gas / air composite control is detected.
- Both modes of action for the mixture control namely increasing and decreasing the amount of secondary gas, are tested by specifying corresponding setpoint values for the flame signal.
- a signal change must then occur in each case.
- the method can be combined with many different combustion sensors, is part of the fixed, controlled start-up procedure, and connects directly to the ignition from the ignition to the main burner.
- a calibration of the gas / air composite control is carried out before the steady-state burner operation regulated according to the determined values of the combustion sensors begins.
- the calibration according to the method according to the invention results in a safe operation of the gas burner with changing gas / air conditions in successive cycles.
- the calibration is dynamic and variable. With this adaptation to changed boundary conditions, lockouts are avoided and an optimal burner operation is guaranteed at all times.
- the method for operating a gas burner is characterized in that, after a safety shutdown, the gas burner restarts and a calibration integrated into the starting sequence is carried out.
- a lockout occurs only when after a predetermined number of safety shutdowns with subsequent calibrations the signals of the combustion sensor are still outside the allowable control range. This avoids stoppages or unnecessary switching on and off of a gas burner.
- the multiple calibration ensures automatic burner operation, which increases the availability of the gas burner or the heater. Only in the event that the ambient conditions make a burner operation impossible, the device is locked. Operating personnel is thus required only for a final fault lockout, which takes place after a predetermined number of previous safety shutdowns with subsequent calibrations, each leading to a negative result with an excess of the allowable control range.
- the control circuit for the adjustment of the gas / air ratio with a switch or an electrical jumper is to be taken out of service. In this state, the actuator for the secondary gas flow remains closed.
- the drawing illustrates an embodiment of the invention and shows in a single figure a diagram with the schematic sequence of a review of the gas / air composite control on a gas burner.
- the desired value (S) for the flame signal (F), the current flame signal (F) and the opening state (O) of the actuator for the secondary gas flow are plotted over the time axis.
- the illustrated sequence follows directly on the start phase with over-ignition, which requires a relatively wide opening state ⁇ of the actuator for the secondary gas flow. Therefore, in phase 1, the actuator is first brought to minimum position. At the beginning of phase 2, the setpoint value S for the flame signal F is then raised by a predetermined amount A.
- the setpoint S must be achieved by the current flame signal F by readjustment with the actuator of the gas / air composite control.
- phase 3 in which then the new setpoint S is initially reduced by an amount B in order to make a change in the flame signal F associated with the reduction of the side gas quantity up to the corresponding setpoint value S within the predetermined time.
- the verification of the chain of effects in the control loop of the combined gas / air system is completed successfully and the combined gas / air control of the gas burner is switched to normal control mode.
- the value 1 is the oldest in memory and will always be replaced by the newest value 3. From these three exemplary measurements - or altemative also from a higher number - a current average is formed in each case.
- This Mean value is provided with a tolerance band which can be set to the operating conditions, which allows a deviation of ⁇ 3 in the embodiment shown.
- everyone single measured value must be within the specified tolerances. Is not this the If so, a calibration is performed at the next burner start. For example, in the table the value 26 is twice below the current permissible for the respective burner start Limit of 27.0 or 26.3 and requires calibration.
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Regelung eines Gasbrenners für ein Heizgerät
nach dem Patentanspruch 1.
Bei bekannten Gasbrennern sind die Gasdüsen in mindestens zwei Gruppen mit
unterschiedlicher Position am Gasverteiler aufgeteilt und an jeweils eine eigene Gasversorgung
angeschlossen. Damit ergibt sich ein Haupt- und ein Nebengasstrom, so dass
jedem Venturirohr eines Brennstabes eine Haupt- und mindestens eine Nebengasdüse
zugeordnet ist. In Abhängigkeit von Betriebsbedingungen und/oder dem Brennerbetriebszustand
wird dabei mindestens ein Nebengasstrom zusätzlich zum Hauptgasstrom in den
Mischraum eingebracht. Die Luftzahl Lambda im Mischraum wird reduziert, weil durch die
Injektorwirkung des Hauptgasstromes auch das Nebengas angesaugt wird. Somit ist es für
die Einstellung des gewünschten Gas-/Luftverhältnisses entscheidend, den Nebengasstrom
mit einem Stellglied zu regeln.
Dafür besitzen die Gasbrenner Verbrennungssensoren, wie zum Beispiel eine Messelektrode.
Insbesondere mit lonisationselektroden werden häufig Flammensignale erfasst bzw.
gebildet. Danach kann das Gas-/ Luftverhältnis des Brenners über den Nebengasstrom auf
einen entsprechenden Lambda-Wert eingestellt werden. Die lonisationselektrode gibt dabei
eine von der Verbrennungstemperatur bzw. dem Lambda-Wert abgeleitete elektrische
Größe an eine Regelschaltung weiter, welche diese Größe mit einem gewählten elektrischen
Sollwert vergleicht und entsprechende Regelparameter als Vorgaben einstellt.
Da das Flammensignal zur Verbrennungsregelung von verschiedenen Faktoren beeinflusst
wird, erfolgt in der Regel eine in regelmäßigen Zeitabständen einsetzende, automatische
Kalibrierung. Ein derartiges Kalibrierverfahren ist in der DE 195 39 568 C1 und der US-A-5 899 683 beschrieben. Es
soll nach einer bestimmten Anzahl von Betriebsstunden oder Einschaltungen des Gasbrenners
eingeleitet werden. The invention relates to a method for controlling a gas burner for a heater according to
In known gas burners, the gas nozzles are divided into at least two groups with different positions on the gas distributor and connected to their own gas supply. This results in a main and a secondary gas flow, so that each venturi of a fuel rod is associated with a main and at least one auxiliary gas nozzle. Depending on operating conditions and / or the burner operating state, at least one secondary gas stream is introduced into the mixing chamber in addition to the main gas stream. The air ratio lambda in the mixing chamber is reduced, because by the injector effect of the main gas stream and the secondary gas is sucked. Thus, it is crucial for the adjustment of the desired gas / air ratio to control the side gas flow with an actuator.
For this, the gas burners have combustion sensors, such as a measuring electrode. In particular, with ionization often flame signals are detected or formed. Thereafter, the gas / air ratio of the burner can be adjusted via the secondary gas stream to a corresponding lambda value. In this case, the ionization electrode transmits an electrical variable derived from the combustion temperature or the lambda value to a control circuit which compares this variable with a selected electrical desired value and sets corresponding control parameters as specifications.
Since the flame signal for combustion control is influenced by various factors, usually takes place at regular intervals, automatic calibration. Such a calibration method is described in DE 195 39 568 C1 and US Pat. No. 5,899,683. It should be initiated after a certain number of operating hours or gas burner starts.
Unabhängig von einer Kalibrierung des Gesamtsystems muss die Funktionsfähigkeit des
wichtigen Regelkreises für den Nebengasstrom überprüft werden, weil möglicherweise
auftretende Fehler einen direkten Einfluss auf das Gas-/Luftverhältnis und die Verbrennungsqualität
hätten.
Nachteilig ist allerdings an diesen fest vorgegebenen Intervallen zwischen einzelnen Kalibriervorgängen,
dass veränderte Betriebsbedingungen möglicherweise erst beim nächsten
Kalibrieren und somit relativ spät erfasst werden. In der Zwischenzeit ist der Brennerbetrieb
dann nicht optimal, weil sich durch die Speicherung von Regelparametern die jeweils
neuen Sollwerte als Vorgaben in einem unerwünschten, einseitigen Trend von der richtigen
Einstellung entfernen würden. Es ergeben sich bei einem weitgehend auf die Betriebsbedingungen
eingestellten Gasbrenner ungefähr die gleichen Werte für die Stellung
eines Gasstellgliedes und es fließt dann eventuell von einer Wärmeanforderung zur nächsten
eine kleine Abweichung unerkannt ein.
Bei einem Gasbrenner beginnt ein normaler Startvorgang mit der Inbetriebnahme des
Zündbrenners. Anschließend öffnet ein zweites Absperrventil an einer Gasarmatur und es
wird die Hauptgaszufuhr freigegeben. Innerhalb einer Sicherheitszeit muss dann ein Überzünden
vom Zünd- auf den Hauptbrenner erfolgt sein. Ist dies nicht der Fall, wird sofort
vom Feuerungsautomaten eine Sicherheitsabschaltung eingeleitet.Regardless of overall system calibration, it is important to verify the functionality of the main bypass gas flow loop, as any errors that may occur will have a direct impact on the gas / air ratio and combustion quality.
A disadvantage, however, at these fixed intervals between individual calibration procedures that changed operating conditions may be detected only at the next calibration and thus relatively late. In the meantime, the burner operation is then not optimal, because the storage of control parameters would remove the new setpoints as defaults in an unwanted, one-way trend from the correct setting. There are approximately the same values for the position of a gas actuator at a largely set to the operating conditions gas burner and it then flows from one heat request to the next a small deviation unrecognized.
In the case of a gas burner, a normal starting process begins with the start-up of the pilot burner. Subsequently, a second shut-off valve opens on a gas fitting and the main gas supply is released. Within a safety period then over-ignition must have taken place from the ignition to the main burner. If this is not the case, a safety switch-off is immediately initiated by the burner control unit.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zur automatischen Funktionsüberprüfung für eine Gas-/Luft-Verbundregelung an einem Gasbrenner für ein Heizgerät zu schaffen, um während des Betriebes das Gas-/Luftverhältnis in einem engen Arbeitsbereich zu halten.The invention is based on the object, a method for automatic function verification for a gas / air composite control on a gas burner for a heater to provide, during operation, the gas / air ratio in a narrow work area to keep.
Erfindungsgemäß wurde dies mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruches 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte
Weiterbildungen sind den Unteransprüchen zu entnehmen.This has been achieved with the features of
Bei dem Verfahren zur Regelung des Gas-/Luftverhältnisses bei einem Gasbrenner für ein
Heizgerät gemäß Anspruch 1 wird bei jedem Brennerstart nach dem Überzünden
die gesamte Wirkungskette der Gas-/Luft-Verbundregelung überprüft wird und dass eine
Kalibrierung beim Brennerstart durchgeführt wird, wenn beim Vergleich der letzten Regelparameter
mit vorhergehenden Regelparametern vorgegebene Grenzwerte für Abweichungen
über- oder unterschritten werden. In the method for controlling the gas / air ratio in a gas burner for a
Heater according to
Dazu wird der Sollwert für das Flammensignal in der Gas-/Luft-Verbundregelung verändert.
Vorzugsweise erfolgt dies innerhalb eines nach vorgegebenen Werten gesteuerten
Startablaufs vor dem geregelten, stationären Brennerbetrieb. Während der gesamten
Überprüfung der Gas-/Luft-Verbundregelung muss immer ein steigendes Flammensignal in
Verbindung mit einem zunehmenden Öffnungszustand des Stellgliedes bzw. ein fallendes
Flammensignal in Verbindung mit einem abnehmenden Öffnungszustand des Stellgliedes
vorhanden sein, um sicherzustellen, dass der Regelkreis richtig arbeitet.
In einer ersten Phase, welche sich unmittelbar an das Überzünden des Gasbrenners anschließt,
wird das Stellglied für den Nebengasstrom zunächst auf Ausgangsstellung gebracht,
damit ein möglichst großer Stellbereich zur Verfügung steht. Dies ist notwendig,
weil es beim Startvorgang relativ weit geöffnet sein kann, um einerseits eine sichere
Flammenbildung sicherzustellen und andererseits eine relativ magere Verbrennung zu
erreichen. Zu Beginn einer zweiten Phase mit einer bestimmten Zeitdauer wird der Sollwert
für das Flammensignal dann um einen festgelegten Betrag A angehoben. In dieser Phase
muss der neue Sollwert innerhalb einer zulässigen Zeit und/oder mit einer zulässigen Abweichung
mit dem Flammensignal durch die Gas-/Luft-Verbundregelung erreicht werden.
Direkt anschließend beginnt eine dritte Phase, in welcher der neue Sollwert zu Beginn wieder
um einen Betrag B herabgesetzt wird. Dieser muss ebenfalls mit dem Flammensignal
innerhalb der zulässigen Zeit und/oder mit einer zulässigen Abweichung für die dritte Phase
durch Verfahren des Stellgliedes erreicht werden. Nach Abschluss der dritten Phase ist
die Überprüfung der Wirkungskette beendet und es gilt danach wieder der ursprüngliche
Sollwert für das Flammensignal.
Verläuft die Überprüfung positiv, so geht der Gasbrenner in den Normalbetrieb über. Bei
negativem Verlauf, d. h. falls der Regelkreis bereits ein in den einzelnen Phasen vorgegebenes
Kriterium nicht erfüllt, beispielsweise die Sollwerte für das Flammensignal nicht erreicht
oder die dafür vorgegebene Zeit nicht einhalten kann, erfolgt eine Sicherheitsabschaltung,
weil die Funktionssicherheit der Gas-/Luft-Verbundregelung dann nicht gegeben
ist.
Der Betrag B für den neuen Sollwert des Flammensignals ist vorzugsweise kleiner gewählt
als der Betrag A. Zu Beginn der zweiten Phase wird der Betrag A mit dem Sollwert des
Flammensignals addiert, wenn das aktuelle Flammensignal in diesem Zeitpunkt kleiner
oder gleich dem Sollwert ist. Im anderen Fall, wenn das aktuelle Flammensignal in diesem
Zeitpunkt größer als der Sollwert ist, wird der Betrag A zu Beginn der zweiten Phase mit
dem Wert des aktuellen Flammensignals addiert. Für eine Anpassung an spezielle Betriebsbedingungen
von Gasbrenner und Heizgerät bei der Installation, können die Werte
für die Beträge A und B sowie die zulässige Zeitdauer der Phasen am Feuerungsautomaten
innerhalb von festgelegten Grenzen frei eingegeben bzw. verändert werden.
Wenn das Flammensignal bereits vor der zulässigen Zeit in der zweiten und/oder dritten
Phase den Sollwert erreicht, wird der Ablauf der Überprüfung beschleunigt. Diese geht
dann während der zweiten sofort in die dritte Phase über bzw. es arbeitet die Gas-/ Luft-Verbundregelung
dann während der dritten Phase sofort in Abhängigkeit vom aktuellen
Flammensignal und einem Sollwert. In Ergänzung dazu geht die Überprüfung ebenfalls
von der zweiten in die dritte Phase über, wenn das Flammensignal in der zulässigen Zeit
der zweiten Phase den Sollwert zwar nicht erreicht, aber am Ende des Zeitraums um einen
bestimmten, zulässigen Betrag unter dem vorgegebenen Sollwert liegt. Auch findet ein
Übergang in die dritte Phase statt, wenn das vorherrschende Flammensignal am Ende der
zweiten Phase größer als der am Ende der ersten Phase gespeicherte Wert des Flammensignals
ist.
Die Gas-/Luft-Verbundregelung arbeitet nach der dritten Phase in Abhängigkeit vom aktuellen
Flammensignal und einem Sollwert, wenn das Flammensignal in der zulässigen Zeit
der dritten Phase den Sollwert zwar nicht erreicht, aber am Ende dieses Zeitraums um
einen bestimmten, zulässigen Betrag über dem vorgegebenen Sollwert liegt. Dabei wird
das am Ende der dritten Phase vorherrschende Flammensignal mit dem am Ende der
zweiten Phase gespeicherten Flammensignal verglichen. Die Gas-/ Luft-Verbundregelung
geht nur dann nach der dritten Phase auf den Betrieb in Abhängigkeit vom aktuellen
Flammensignal und einem Sollwert über, wenn das gemessene Flammensignal am Ende
der dritten Phase kleiner als das gespeicherte am Ende der zweiten Phase ist.
Es erfolgt eine Sicherheitsabschaltung, wenn mindestens eines der vorstehend beschriebenen
Kriterien vom Flammensignal nicht erfüllt ist.
Die Kalibrierung wird bei einer Ausführungsvariante eingeleitet, wenn als Regelparameter
vorgegebene Grenzwerte für die Stellung eines Gasstellgliedes und/oder für die Luftmenge
erreicht werden. Bei einer Aufgliederung in einen Haupt- und einen Nebengasstrom wird
das Gasstellglied für den Nebengasstrom überwacht und dessen Ansteuerungssignal als
Regelparameter zur Beurteilung der Notwendigkeit einer Kalibrierung herangezogen, weil
mit dem Nebengasstrom das Modulieren des Brenners bzw. Einstellen des Gas-/ Luftverhältnisses
erfolgt. Jeweils am Ende einer Wärmeanforderung werden die Messwerte ausgewertet.
Erfasst ist dabei die Steuergröße des Gasstellgliedes bzw. die Stellung des Gasstellgliedes,
um auf den Gasdurchsatz zu schließen.
Andererseits wird die Kalibrierung auch eingeleitet, wenn bei einer Wärmeanforderung mit
einer Abschaltung im Betrieb eine Abweichung des Messwertes für den Strom am Gasstellglied
bzw. dessen Stellung von einem Mittelwert vorliegt. Dieser Mittelwert wird vorzugsweise
aus den letzten Messwerten gebildet, wobei der älteste immer durch den aktuellsten
ersetzt wird. Bei Netzausfall bleiben die letzten Messwerte gespeichert. Alternativ
dazu können auch alle vorhandenen Speicherplätze für Messwerte mit dem gleichen Wert,
vorzugsweise dem letzten Mittelwert, belegt werden.
Eine Kalibrierung wird eingeleitet, wenn der Messwert für die Steuergröße des Gasstellgliedes
bzw. dessen Stellung außerhalb eines am Regler einstellbaren Toleranzbandes
liegt. Dadurch ist es möglich, die Kalibrierung an stark schwankende Betriebs- oder Umgebungsbedingungen
anzupassen. Grundsätzlich erfolgt ein Vergleich der letzten Regelparameter
mit gespeicherten, vorhergehenden Regelparametern bei jedem Brennerstart.
Mit der Erfindung wird ein Verfahren zur automatischen Funktionsüberprüfung für eine
Gas-/Luft-Verbundregelung an einem Gasbrenner bei jedem Start geschaffen, mit dem die
gesamte Wirkungskette im Regelkreis der Gas-/Luft-Verbundregelung erfasst ist. Beide
Wirkungsrichtungen für die Gemischregelung, nämlich Vergrößerung und Verringerung
der Nebengasmenge, werden durch die Vorgabe entsprechender Sollwerte für das Flammensignal
getestet. Innerhalb eines entsprechend festgelegten Zeitfensters muss dann
jeweils eine Signaländerung eintreten. Das Verfahren lässt sich mit vielen verschiedenen
Verbrennungssensoren kombinieren, gehört zum fest vorgegebenen, gesteuerten Startablauf,
und schließt sich darin direkt an die Überzündung vom Zünd- auf den Hauptbrenner
an. Nach der positiv verlaufenen Überprüfung erfolgt bei Bedarf noch eine Kalibrierung der
Gas-/Luft-Verbundregelung, bevor der stationäre, nach den ermittelten Werten der
Verbrennungssensoren geregelte Brennerbetrieb beginnt.
Mit der Kalibrierung nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren ergibt sich ein sicherer Betrieb
des Gasbrenners bei wechselnden Gas-/Luftverhältnissen in aufeinanderfolgenden
Laufzyklen. Die Kalibrierung läuft dynamisch und variabel ab. Mit dieser Anpassung an
veränderte Randbedingungen werden Störabschaltungen vermieden und es ist jederzeit
ein optimaler Brennerbetrieb gewährleistet. For this purpose, the setpoint for the flame signal in the gas / air composite control is changed. This preferably takes place within a starting sequence controlled according to predetermined values before the controlled, stationary burner operation. During the entire gas / air combined control check, there must always be an increasing flame signal in conjunction with an increasing open state of the actuator or a falling flame signal in conjunction with a decreasing open state of the actuator to ensure that the control loop is operating properly.
In a first phase, which directly follows the overflamming of the gas burner, the actuator for the secondary gas flow is first brought to initial position, so that the largest possible adjustment range is available. This is necessary because it can be relatively wide open during the starting process, on the one hand to ensure safe flame formation and on the other hand to achieve a relatively lean combustion. At the beginning of a second phase with a certain period of time, the setpoint value for the flame signal is then raised by a predetermined amount A. In this phase, the new set point must be reached within a permissible time and / or with a permissible deviation with the flame signal through the combined gas / air control. Immediately thereafter begins a third phase in which the new setpoint is again reduced by an amount B at the beginning. This must also be achieved with the flame signal within the allowable time and / or with a permissible deviation for the third phase by moving the actuator. After completion of the third phase, the check of the chain of effects is finished and then the original setpoint for the flame signal is valid again.
If the check is positive, the gas burner goes into normal operation. In the case of a negative course, ie if the control loop does not already fulfill a criterion specified in the individual phases, for example, does not reach the setpoint values for the flame signal or can not comply with the specified time, a safety shutdown occurs because the functional reliability of the gas / air composite control then not given.
The amount B for the new target value of the flame signal is preferably chosen to be smaller than the amount A. At the beginning of the second phase, the amount A is added to the target value of the flame signal, if the current flame signal at this time is less than or equal to the target value. In the other case, if the current flame signal at this time is greater than the setpoint, the amount A at the beginning of the second phase is added to the value of the current flame signal. For adaptation to special operating conditions of the gas burner and heater during installation, the values for the amounts A and B as well as the permissible duration of the phases at the burner control unit can be freely entered or changed within specified limits.
If the flame signal reaches the setpoint already before the allowable time in the second and / or third phase, the progress of the check is accelerated. This then passes into the third phase during the second or the gas / air composite control then operates immediately during the third phase in response to the current flame signal and a setpoint. In addition, the check also proceeds from the second to the third phase when the flame signal in the allowable time of the second phase does not reach the set point, but at the end of the period by a certain allowable amount below the predetermined setpoint. Also, a transition to the third phase occurs when the prevailing flame signal at the end of the second phase is greater than the value of the flame signal stored at the end of the first phase.
The combined air / fuel ratio control operates after the third phase in response to the current flame signal and a setpoint when the flame signal does not reach the set point in the allowable time of the third phase, but by a certain allowable amount above that at the end of that period predetermined setpoint is. In this case, the flame signal prevailing at the end of the third phase is compared with the flame signal stored at the end of the second phase. The combined gas / air control will transition to operation in response to the current flame signal and a setpoint value only after the third phase, if the measured flame signal at the end of the third phase is less than the stored one at the end of the second phase.
There is a safety shutdown when at least one of the criteria described above is not met by the flame signal.
The calibration is initiated in a variant embodiment, when predetermined limit values for the position of a gas actuator and / or for the air quantity are achieved as control parameters. In a breakdown into a main and a secondary gas flow, the gas actuator is monitored for the secondary gas flow and its control signal used as a control parameter for assessing the need for a calibration, because with the side gas flow, the modulation of the burner or adjusting the gas / air ratio. At each end of a heat request, the measured values are evaluated. Detected is the control variable of the gas actuator or the position of the gas actuator to close on the gas flow.
On the other hand, the calibration is also initiated if there is a deviation of the measured value for the current at the gas actuator or its position from a mean value in the case of a heat request with a shutdown during operation. This average value is preferably formed from the last measured values, the oldest being always replaced by the most recent one. In the event of a power failure, the last measured values remain stored. Alternatively, all available memory locations for measured values can also be assigned the same value, preferably the last average value.
A calibration is initiated if the measured value for the control variable of the gas actuator or its position is outside a tolerance band that can be set on the controller. This makes it possible to adapt the calibration to highly fluctuating operating or ambient conditions. Basically, the last control parameters are compared with stored, previous control parameters at each burner start.
With the invention, a method for automatic function verification for a gas / air composite control on a gas burner is created at each start, with which the entire chain of effects in the control loop of the gas / air composite control is detected. Both modes of action for the mixture control, namely increasing and decreasing the amount of secondary gas, are tested by specifying corresponding setpoint values for the flame signal. Within a correspondingly defined time window, a signal change must then occur in each case. The method can be combined with many different combustion sensors, is part of the fixed, controlled start-up procedure, and connects directly to the ignition from the ignition to the main burner. After the positive check, if necessary, a calibration of the gas / air composite control is carried out before the steady-state burner operation regulated according to the determined values of the combustion sensors begins.
With the calibration according to the method according to the invention results in a safe operation of the gas burner with changing gas / air conditions in successive cycles. The calibration is dynamic and variable. With this adaptation to changed boundary conditions, lockouts are avoided and an optimal burner operation is guaranteed at all times.
Weiterhin ist das Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Gasbrenners dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
nach einer Sicherheitsabschaltung der Gasbrenner erneut startet und eine in den Startablauf
integrierte Kalibrierung durchgeführt wird. Eine Störabschaltung erfolgt erst, wenn
nach einer vorgegebenen Zahl von Sicherheitsabschaltungen mit darauffolgenden Kalibrierungen
die Signale des Verbrennungssensors immer noch außerhalb des zulässigen Regelbereichs
liegen. Damit werden Störabschaltungen oder ein unnötiges Ein- und Ausschalten
eines Gasbrenners vermieden. Durch die mehrfache Kalibrierung ist ein möglichst
automatischer Brennerbetrieb gewährleistet, welcher die Verfügbarkeit des Gasbrenners
bzw. des Heizgerätes erhöht. Nur für den Fall, dass die Umgebungsbedingungen einen
Brennerbetrieb unmöglich machen, wird das Gerät verriegelt. Bedienungspersonal ist somit
nur bei einer endgültigen Störabschaltung erforderlich, welche erst nach einer vorgegebenen
Zahl von vorangegangenen Sicherheitsabschaltungen mit darauffolgenden Kalibrierungen
erfolgt, die jeweils zu einem negativen Ergebnis mit einer Überschreitung des
zulässigen Regelbereiches führten.
Zusätzlich ist die Regelschaltung für die Einstellung des Gas-/Luftverhältnisses mit einem
Schalter oder einer elektrischen Steckbrücke außer Betrieb zu nehmen. In diesem Zustand
bleibt das Stellglied für den Nebengasstrom geschlossen.Furthermore, the method for operating a gas burner is characterized in that, after a safety shutdown, the gas burner restarts and a calibration integrated into the starting sequence is carried out. A lockout occurs only when after a predetermined number of safety shutdowns with subsequent calibrations the signals of the combustion sensor are still outside the allowable control range. This avoids stoppages or unnecessary switching on and off of a gas burner. The multiple calibration ensures automatic burner operation, which increases the availability of the gas burner or the heater. Only in the event that the ambient conditions make a burner operation impossible, the device is locked. Operating personnel is thus required only for a final fault lockout, which takes place after a predetermined number of previous safety shutdowns with subsequent calibrations, each leading to a negative result with an excess of the allowable control range.
In addition, the control circuit for the adjustment of the gas / air ratio with a switch or an electrical jumper is to be taken out of service. In this state, the actuator for the secondary gas flow remains closed.
Die Zeichnung stellt ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung dar und zeigt in einer einzigen
Figur ein Diagramm mit dem schematischen Ablauf einer Überprüfung der Gas-/Luft-Verbundregelung
an einem Gasbrenner.
Dabei sind über der Zeitachse der Sollwert (S) für das Flammensignal (F), das aktuelle
Flammensignal (F) und der Öffnungszustand (Ö) des Stellgliedes für den Nebengasstrom
aufgetragen.
Der dargestellte Ablauf schließt sich direkt an die Startphase mit Überzündung an, welche
einen relativ weiten Öffnungszustand Ö des Stellgliedes für den Nebengasstrom erfordert.
Daher wird in der Phase 1 zunächst das Stellglied auf Minimalstellung gebracht. Zu Beginn
der Phase 2 wird der Sollwert S für das Flammensignal F dann um einen festgelegten Betrag
A angehoben. Während der für die Phase 2 vorbestimmten Zeit muss der Sollwert S
vom aktuellen Flammensignal F durch Nachregeln mit dem Stellglied der Gas-/Luft-Verbundregelung
erreicht werden. Es schließt sich die Phase 3 an, in der dann der neue
Sollwert S zu Beginn um einen Betrag B herabgesetzt wird, um eine mit der Verringerung
der Nebengasmenge einhergehende Änderung des Flammensignals F bis auf den entsprechenden
Sollwert S innerhalb der vorgegebenen Zeit vorzunehmen. Nach Abschluss
der dritten Phase ist die Überprüfung der Wirkungskette im Regelkreis der Gas-/Luft-Verbundregelung
positiv beendet und die Gas-/Luft-Verbundregelung des Gasbrenners
geht in den normalen Regelbetrieb über.The drawing illustrates an embodiment of the invention and shows in a single figure a diagram with the schematic sequence of a review of the gas / air composite control on a gas burner.
In this case, the desired value (S) for the flame signal (F), the current flame signal (F) and the opening state (O) of the actuator for the secondary gas flow are plotted over the time axis.
The illustrated sequence follows directly on the start phase with over-ignition, which requires a relatively wide opening state Ö of the actuator for the secondary gas flow. Therefore, in
Anhand der nachfolgenden Tabelle als Ausführungsbeispiel soll die Erfindung im Hinblick
auf die Kalibrierung erläutert werden:
Dargestellt ist eine Anzahl von aufeinander folgenden Brennerstarts mit beliebigen Werten
als Annahme für gemessene und gespeicherte Regelparameter, beispielsweise für die
Stellung eines Gasstellgliedes. Der Wert 1 ist der älteste im Speicher und wird immer
durch den neuesten Wert 3 ersetzt. Aus diesen drei beispielhaften Messwerten - oder altemativ
auch aus einer höheren Anzahl - wird jeweils ein aktueller Mittelwert gebildet. Dieser
Mittelwert ist mit einem auf die Betriebsbedingungen einstellbaren Toleranzband versehen,
welches im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel eine Abweichung um ±3 zulässt. Jeder
einzelne Messwert muss innerhalb der vorgegebenen Toleranzen liegen. Ist dies nicht der
Fall, so erfolgt eine Kalibrierung beim nächsten Brennerstart. In der Tabelle liegt zum Beispiel
der Wert 26 zweimal unter dem für den jeweiligen Brennerstart zulässigen aktuellen
Grenzwert von 27,0 bzw. 26,3 und macht eine Kalibrierung erforderlich.Shown is a number of successive burner starts with arbitrary values
as an assumption for measured and stored control parameters, for example for the
Position of a gas actuator. The
Claims (17)
- A method for controlling a gas burner for a heating apparatus with a pilot burner, an automatic furnace and a gas/air coupled control, as well as a division into a primary gas flow and a secondary gas flow with a valve that is manipulated in dependence on current flame signals and at least one setpoint and serves for adjusting the gas-air ratio to a corresponding lambda setpoint in accordance with the signals of an ionization electrode, with said ionization electrode delivering an electric variable derived from the combustion temperature or the lambda value to a control circuit that compares this variable with a selected electric setpoint and carries out an adjustment, and with a calibration being carried out and control parameters being stored, wherein the entire functional chain of the gas/air coupled control is checked during each burner start after the over-ignition, and wherein a calibration is carried out as part of the burner start if predetermined limiting values for deviations are exceeded or not reached during a comparison of the last control parameters with the preceding control parameters.
- The method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the setpoint (S) for the flame signal (F) is changed, preferably during a monitored starting sequence before the controlled steady-state operation of the burner, in order to check the gas/air coupled control.
- The method according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the flame signal (F) rises and the opening state (O) of the valve increases or the flame signal (F) drops and the opening state (O) of the valve decreases during the entire check of the gas/air coupled control.
- The method according to one of Claims 1-3, characterized in that the valve for the secondary gas flow is moved into a starting position for the largest adjusting range possible in a first phase (1), in that the setpoint (S) for the flame signal (F) is increased by a fixed amount A at the beginning of a second phase (2), wherein the new setpoint (S) needs to be reached within a permissible time and/or with a permissible deviation, in that the new setpoint (S) is decreased by an amount B in an immediately ensuing third phase (3), wherein this new setpoint also needs to be reached within a permissible time and/or with a permissible deviation, and in that the original setpoint (S) for the flame signal (F) subsequently applies again.
- The method according to Claim 4, characterized in that the amount A is added to the setpoint (S) for the flame signal (F) at the beginning of the second phase (2) if the current flame signal (F) is lesser than or equal to the setpoint (S) at that time.
- The method according to Claim 4, characterized in that the amount A is added to the value of the current flame signal (F) at the beginning of the second phase (2) if the current flame signal (F) is greater than the setpoint (S) at that time.
- The method according to one of Claims 4-6, characterized in that the check is immediately switched from the second phase (2) to the third phase (3) or that the gas/air coupled control is immediately operated in dependence on the current flame signal (F) and a setpoint (S) in the third phase (3) if the flame signal (F) already reaches the setpoint (S) before the maximum permissible time in the second and/or third phase (2, 3).
- The method according to one of Claims 4-7, characterized in that the check is switched from the second phase (2) to the third phase (3) if the flame signal (F) does not reach the setpoint (S) within the permissible time in the second phase (2) and lies below the predetermined setpoint (S) by a certain permissible amount at the end of the permissible time.
- The method according to one of Claims 4-7, characterized in that the predominant flame signal (F) at the end of the second phase (2) is compared with the flame signal (F) stored at the end of the first phase (1), and in that the gas/air coupled control is only switched to the third phase (3) if the flame signal (F) is greater at the end of the second phase (2) than at the end of the first phase (1).
- The method according to one of Claims 4-9, characterized in that the gas/air coupled control is operated in dependence on the current flame signal (F) and a setpoint (S) after the third phase (3) if the flame signal (F) does not reach the setpoint (S) within the permissible time in the third phase (3) and lies above the predetermined setpoint (S) by a certain permissible amount at the end of the permissible time.
- The method according to one of Claims 4-10, characterized in that the predominant flame signal (F) at the end of the third phase (3) is compared with the flame signal (F) stored at the end of the second phase (2), and in that the gas/air coupled control is only operated in dependence on the current flame signal (F) and a setpoint (S) after the third phase (3) if the flame signal (F) is smaller at the end of the third phase (3) than at the end of the second phase (2).
- The method according to Claim 4, characterized in that a safety shut-off takes place if at least one predetermined criterion is not fulfilled in the individual phases.
- The method according to one of Claims 1-12, characterized in that the calibration is initiated if predetermined limiting values for the position of a gas valve and/or the air quantity are exceeded.
- The method according to one of Claims 1-13, characterized in that, if the gas flow is divided into a primary and a secondary gas flow, the gas valve for the secondary gas flow is monitored and its trigger signal is used as the control parameter for evaluating whether or not a calibration needs to be carried out, wherein the actuating variable of the gas valve and/or its position is respectively evaluated as the measuring value at the end of a heat request.
- The method according to one of Claims 1-14, characterized in that the calibration is initiated if, during a heat request with a shut-off during the operation, the measuring value for the current at the gas valve or its position, respectively, deviates from a mean value that preferably is formed from the last measuring values and/or if the measuring value for the actuating variable of the gas valve or its position, respectively, lies outside an adjustable tolerance range.
- The method according to one of Claims 1-15, characterized in that the last measuring values preferably remain stored or all storage locations for measuring values are occupied with the same value, preferably the last mean value, in case of a power failure.
- The method according to one of Claims 1-16, characterized in that the gas burner is restarted and a calibration that is integrated into the start sequence is carried out after a safety shut-off, and in that an emergency shut-off only takes place if the signals of the combustion sensor still lie outside the permissible control range after a predetermined number of safety shut-offs with ensuing calibrations.
Applications Claiming Priority (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10057224A DE10057224C2 (en) | 2000-11-18 | 2000-11-18 | Procedure for automatic function check in a gas / air compound control |
DE10057234 | 2000-11-18 | ||
DE10057225A DE10057225C2 (en) | 2000-11-18 | 2000-11-18 | Method of operating a gas burner for a heater |
DE10057224 | 2000-11-18 | ||
DE10057225 | 2000-11-18 | ||
DE10057234A DE10057234C2 (en) | 2000-11-18 | 2000-11-18 | Method of controlling a gas burner for a heater |
DE20101085U | 2001-01-20 | ||
DE20101085U DE20101085U1 (en) | 2001-01-20 | 2001-01-20 | Gas burner |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1207340A2 EP1207340A2 (en) | 2002-05-22 |
EP1207340A3 EP1207340A3 (en) | 2002-07-31 |
EP1207340B1 true EP1207340B1 (en) | 2005-01-12 |
Family
ID=27437901
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP01126826A Expired - Lifetime EP1207340B1 (en) | 2000-11-18 | 2001-11-10 | Method of controling a burner |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1207340B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE287065T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE50105055D1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102007060073B3 (en) * | 2007-12-13 | 2009-08-20 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Gas burner starting method for heating device, involves obtaining reduced degree of modulation in stages during extended time period, and extending retention time at one of stages of degree of modulation |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10341543A1 (en) * | 2003-09-09 | 2005-04-28 | Honeywell Bv | Control method for gas burners |
EP1522790B1 (en) * | 2003-10-08 | 2011-11-23 | Vaillant GmbH | Method for Controlling a Gas Burner, in particular in Heating Installations with Blower |
DE102006006964B4 (en) | 2006-02-14 | 2012-09-06 | Ebm-Papst Landshut Gmbh | Method for starting a firing device under unknown conditions |
DE102008015311A1 (en) | 2008-03-20 | 2009-09-24 | Linde Ag | Device for mixture monitoring for gas mixtures of two gases |
EP3477201B1 (en) * | 2017-10-26 | 2020-05-06 | Honeywell Technologies Sarl | Method for operating a gas burner appliance |
US10718518B2 (en) | 2017-11-30 | 2020-07-21 | Brunswick Corporation | Systems and methods for avoiding harmonic modes of gas burners |
US11608983B2 (en) * | 2020-12-02 | 2023-03-21 | Brunswick Corporation | Gas burner systems and methods for calibrating gas burner systems |
CA3215692A1 (en) * | 2021-05-05 | 2022-11-10 | Flavio Chiavetti | Regulation method of a premix gas burner and control and regulation device for carrying out the method |
US11940147B2 (en) | 2022-06-09 | 2024-03-26 | Brunswick Corporation | Blown air heating system |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB9402018D0 (en) * | 1994-02-02 | 1994-03-30 | British Gas Plc | Apparatus for detecting faults in a combustion sensor |
DE19539568C1 (en) | 1995-10-25 | 1997-06-19 | Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co Kg | Gas burner regulation system |
US5971745A (en) * | 1995-11-13 | 1999-10-26 | Gas Research Institute | Flame ionization control apparatus and method |
DK0806610T3 (en) * | 1996-05-09 | 2001-10-15 | Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co Kg | Procedure for operating a burner |
DE19831648B4 (en) * | 1998-07-15 | 2004-12-23 | Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co. Kg | Process for the functional adaptation of control electronics to a gas heater |
DE19839160B4 (en) * | 1998-08-28 | 2004-12-23 | Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co. Kg | Method and circuit for regulating a gas burner |
DE19854824C1 (en) * | 1998-11-27 | 2000-06-29 | Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co Kg | Process and circuit for control of a gas burner uses a lambda sensor to control gas supply |
DE19906583A1 (en) * | 1999-02-17 | 2000-08-24 | Buderus Heiztechnik Gmbh | Heating boiler atmospheric gas burner operating method and device uses burner control for delaying auxiliary gas flow relative to main gas flow upon starting gas burner |
-
2001
- 2001-11-10 EP EP01126826A patent/EP1207340B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-11-10 DE DE50105055T patent/DE50105055D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-11-10 AT AT01126826T patent/ATE287065T1/en active
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102007060073B3 (en) * | 2007-12-13 | 2009-08-20 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Gas burner starting method for heating device, involves obtaining reduced degree of modulation in stages during extended time period, and extending retention time at one of stages of degree of modulation |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1207340A3 (en) | 2002-07-31 |
ATE287065T1 (en) | 2005-01-15 |
EP1207340A2 (en) | 2002-05-22 |
DE50105055D1 (en) | 2005-02-17 |
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