EP1198063B1 - Kapazitiver Näherungssensor - Google Patents
Kapazitiver Näherungssensor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1198063B1 EP1198063B1 EP01115884A EP01115884A EP1198063B1 EP 1198063 B1 EP1198063 B1 EP 1198063B1 EP 01115884 A EP01115884 A EP 01115884A EP 01115884 A EP01115884 A EP 01115884A EP 1198063 B1 EP1198063 B1 EP 1198063B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- voltage
- capacitance
- transistor
- electrode
- emitter
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/94—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the way in which the control signals are generated
- H03K17/96—Touch switches
- H03K17/962—Capacitive touch switches
Definitions
- the invention relates to a touch sensor and a Method and a circuit arrangement for recognizing a Approximation of a body.
- Touch sensors which are touched by a touch surface addressing a finger are often used for triggering certain switching operations, or they are as a keyboard educated.
- the present invention relates to touch sensors of the type in which a dielectric Plate, for example a glass plate, only on the back has an electrode, while the tactile side is exposed and through the glass plate visible a display field for the respective Button function is visible.
- a dielectric Plate for example a glass plate
- Such sensor arrangements are also used as keyboards.
- the basic principle of such touch sensors is that through the electrode a capacitive connection to the human Body (finger) is made, and this connection closes together with the mostly capacitive coupling a capacitive circuit that corresponds to a high pass.
- the change in capacity when touched is used as a display criterion used.
- Such a touch sensor is known from EP 0 802 500.
- a test signal between earth and circuit ground generated, and this signal is via capacitive Coupling via the human body (fingers) into the base of a transistor.
- the human body for the function of this circuit arrangement an earth connection is mandatory, because the test signal between earth and circuit ground introduced becomes.
- WO 96/13 098 describes a touch sensor with two Electrodes behind a dielectric plate, the two electrodes are arranged concentrically to each other. By touching the finger, the capacity between the electrodes changed what was evaluated in the circuit becomes.
- FR-A-2 271 538 shows a capacitive proximity sensor with a touch electrode which is connected to the base of a transistor whose collector is connected to voltage via a resistor and a resistor is connected across its base-emitter path.
- a pulse voltage in the form of periodic negative voltage peaks is applied to the emitter, which is generated from a rectangular pulse train via a differentiator.
- the pulse peaks have one for.
- Supply voltage V CC opposite polarity.
- the invention has for its object a circuit for to specify a capacitive proximity sensor in which the Sensitivity and interference immunity to known systems is significantly improved without the need for an earth connection and without several electrodes on the dielectric provided.
- the task is solved by the whole of the Claim 1 specified features.
- the invention Circuit has a simple and inexpensive structure and offers good protection against moisture and Dirt.
- the electrode is directly behind the Keyboard bezel, i.e. behind a dielectric plate, for example a glass plate attached. It can e.g. a Copper surface of a conventional circuit board on which the other components of the evaluation electronics are.
- the dielectric can be plate-shaped, for example made of Glass, plexiglass, plastic, stone or wood.
- Another advantage of the invention is that the Total capacity influencing factors, the time and are spatially variable, can be taken into account.
- the invention enables a "floating" definition of the threshold. The peak voltage can be measured and saved become, whereby spatial and temporally slow changing factors are constantly balanced. A rapid change of the value by a predetermined threshold then signals the change in capacity by touch with your finger.
- FIG. 1 shows a dielectric, for example made of glass, Plate 10, which has an electrode on the lower side 12, which is arranged on a under the glass plate 10
- Printed circuit board 14 can be arranged.
- the top surface the glass plate 10 forms the sensor surface 16, which from Finger 18 of the user on a correspondingly marked Place over that of a copper surface of the circuit board 14 existing electrode 12 is touched.
- the human body always has a capacity in relation to its environment (earth), which is designated C ku in FIG. 1.
- C ku in FIG. 1.
- a capacitor C ks is formed between the electrode 12 and the user's finger 18. 2, the capacitances C ks , C ku and C su are combined to form a capacitor C 1 .
- the capacitance of the capacitor C 1 thus becomes dependent on the distance between the electrode 12 and the human body (finger 18).
- an evaluation circuit In order to be able to detect the change in capacitance due to the proximity condition of the finger 18 on the glass plate 10, an evaluation circuit according to FIGS. 1 and 2 is provided.
- the electrode 12 is connected to the base of a transistor T 1 , which is arranged as close as possible to the electrode 12 so that the proportion of capacitance in the line routing is reduced and the localization of the sensitization area is improved.
- the transistor T 1 is designed as an NPN transistor, but it can be a PNP transistor, a field effect transistor or another active component which has an amplification property, a voltage-current conversion property or a triggerability.
- the base of transistor T 1 is connected to the emitter of transistor T 1 via a resistor R 1 .
- the collector of transistor T 1 is connected to a voltage V cc via a resistor R 2 .
- a rectangular pulse voltage of, for example, 5 V is applied to the emitter of the transistor. With this voltage, the capacitor C 1 is charged via the resistor R 1 , the transistor T 1 being blocked during the charging. When the steep trailing edge of the applied square-wave voltage is reached, the emitter potential of the transistor T 1 is immediately connected to ground.
- This voltage pulse (collector voltage V c ) is fed to a trigger circuit 20 which supplies an output voltage V 0 when the negative voltage peak V c falls below a predetermined threshold value.
- This threshold value can be fixed or, as will be described below in connection with FIG. 4, it can be self-adjusting in order to take into account the capacitance values of C ku and C su which change due to environmental conditions.
- Fig. 3 illustrates the signals that result when the button is pressed and when the button is not pressed.
- 3a shows a positive voltage pulse
- 3b and 3c show the change in the collector voltage V c of the transistor when the button (3b) is not pressed and when the button (3c) is pressed.
- a negative voltage peak of V c is present due to the capacities present, but this does not reach the threshold value Sw.
- this threshold value Sw is reached, and the trigger circuit 20 supplies an output signal V 0 , which indicates the touch state.
- This output pulse is shown in FIG.
- Fig. 4 shows a circuit with which the time and spatially changing factors affecting total capacity Influence not touch, can be considered. These factors include the normal value adjustments and the temperature dependence of the electronic components, and these cause the pulse heights between different Keys of a keyboard and with temporal and spatial Circumstances may vary. 4 allows you to set the threshold according to the circumstances to define "floating".
- the circuit part 22 enclosed in dashed lines in FIG. 4 comprises the sensor element according to FIG. 2.
- the resistors R 1 and R 2 have a value of 100 k ⁇ .
- Parallel with the resistor R 2, a capacitor C 2 is connected as a noise filter.
- the other dashed circuit part in FIG. 4 shows a peak value measurement.
- the collector of transistor T 1 from which the output signal V c is taken, is connected to the base of a transistor T 2 , the emitter of which is connected to ground via a resistor R 4 of 10 k ⁇ .
- the emitter of transistor T 2 is connected to the base of a further transistor T 3 , the emitter of which is connected to ground via a resistor R 3 of 1 meg ⁇ .
- a capacitor C 3 with 10 nF which causes the peak voltage values to be stored.
- the peak voltage value V s is taken from the emitter of the transistor T 3 and passed on to a trigger circuit or a microcontroller.
- the pulse height is measured by transistors T 2 and T 3, which act as a peak voltage meter, and stored on capacitor C 3 .
- the recorded pulse level can also be used as compensation to the threshold through analog circuitry or software algorithm act so that the threshold constantly to the "slowly" changing pulse height - conditionally due to the spatially and temporally varying factors - is adjusted, i.e. a "floating" switching threshold.
- the external influencing factors should first be disregarded, and the capacitor C 1 should be regarded as a plate capacitor between the human body and the electrode 12.
- ⁇ 0 is the absolute dielectric constant and ⁇ r the relative dielectric constant of the medium between the finger 18 and the electrode; F is the plate area touched by the finger and d is the thickness of the plate 10.
- a square wave voltage of, for example, 5 V is applied to the emitter of transistor T 1 .
- the transistor T 1 is blocked. With the falling edge, the emitter potential is suddenly grounded. Since the potential of the capacitor cannot change quickly, a positive potential difference between base and emitter occurs at this moment.
- the transistor T 1 becomes conductive, and a pulse (FIG. 3d) in the form of a negative voltage peak occurs at the collector. The larger C 1 is, the deeper and wider this impulse becomes. Because of the environmental capacitances, this voltage pulse V c also arises without touching the sensor surface, and an output signal is only generated if this negative voltage peak exceeds a predetermined threshold value.
- This threshold value can be set using a comparator (FIGS. 1, 2), but the threshold value can also be set in a floating manner to take account of changes in the capacitance of the environment (FIG. 4).
Landscapes
- Electronic Switches (AREA)
- Switches That Are Operated By Magnetic Or Electric Fields (AREA)
- Measurement Of Length, Angles, Or The Like Using Electric Or Magnetic Means (AREA)
Description
- Fig. 1
- zeigt eine schematische Darstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Schaltungsanordnung eines Berührungssensors;
- Fig. 2
- zeigt eine Schaltungsanordnung, bei welcher die in Fig. 1 angegebenen Teilkapazitäten zu einem äquivalenten Kondensator C1 zusammengefaßt sind;
- Fig. 3
- zeigt ein Diagramm der bei der Schaltungsanordnung gemäß Fig. 1 und 2 auftretenden Spannungen im Zustand ohne Berührung und mit Berührung;
- Fig. 4
- ist ein Schaltbild einer Schaltungsanordnung mit sich selbsttätig einstellenbarem Schwellwert;
- Fig. 5
- zeigt ein Diagramm der bei der Schaltungsanordnung gemäß Fig. 4 auftretenden Spannungen im Zustand ohne Berührung und mit Berührung;
- Fig. 6
- zeigt eine Schaltungsanordnung eines Multiplexverfahrens für ein Tastenfeld mit mehreren Berührungssenoren.
- 10
- Glasplatte
- 12
- Elektrode
- 14
- Leiterplatte
- 16
- Sensorfläche
- 18
- Finger
- 20
- Triggerschaltung
- 22
- Schaltungsteil
- 24
- Scheitelwertmesser
Claims (1)
- Schaltungsanordnung für einen kapazitiven Berührungssensor mit den folgenden Merkmalen:eine Elektrode (12) auf einer Sensorplatte (10) ist mit der Basis eines Transistors (T1) verbunden;ein Widerstand (R1) liegt parallel zur Basis-Emitterstrecke des Transistors (T1);der Kollektor des Transistors (T1) liegt über einen Widerstand (R2) an Spannung (Vcc);der Kollektor des Transistors (T1) ist an eine Auswerteschaltung (20) angeschlossen;am Emitter des Transistors (T1) liegt eine Impulsspannung;die am Emitter des Transistors liegende Impulsspannung eine periodische Rechteckspannung ist;während der positiven Phase der periodischen Rechteckspannung die Gesamtkapazität (12) auf die Amplitude der Rechteckspannung aufgeladen wird, während der Transistor (T1) gesperrt ist;die steile Nachlaufflanke der Rechteckspannung periodisch den Emitter des Transistors (T1) auf Masse zieht, eine positive Spannungsdifferenz zwischen Basis und Emitter erzeugt, den Transistor dadurch durchschaltet und somit periodisch eine negative Spannungsspitze (Vc) am Kollektor erzeugt;die Auswerteschaltung (20) einen Schwellwertschalter aufweist, dessen Schwellwert (SW) so eingestellt wird, dass dieser durch die negative Spannungsspitze (Vc) erst bei Erreichen eines vorbestimmten durch Berührung der Sensorplatte (10) erhöhten Kapazitätswertes überschritten wird und ein Schaltsignal auslöst,die Spannungsspitzen (Vc) durch als Spitzenspannungsmesser wirkende Transistoren (T2) und (T3) gemessen und an einem Kondensator (C3) gespeichert werden, und die gespeicherte Spannungsspitze mit dem jeweils gültigen Schwellwert an der Auswerteschaltung (20) verglichen wird, wobei eine rasche, den Schwellwert überschreitende Spitzenspannungsänderung das Schaltsignal auslöst und eine langsame Spitzenspannungsänderung den Schwellwert anpaßt,der Schwellwert in Abhängigkeit von den sich ändernden Umgebungs-Kapazitätsverhältnissen dadurch einstellbar wird, dass die gemessenen Spannungsspitzen (Vc) den Schwellwert über einen Software-Algorithmus kompensieren, so dass der Schwellwert ständig an die sich langsam verändernden Spannungsspitzen - bedingt durch die räumlich und zeitlich variierenden Faktoren - angepaßt wird.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE20017457U | 2000-10-11 | ||
DE20017457U DE20017457U1 (de) | 2000-10-11 | 2000-10-11 | Berührungssensor |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1198063A1 EP1198063A1 (de) | 2002-04-17 |
EP1198063B1 true EP1198063B1 (de) | 2004-03-03 |
Family
ID=7947525
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP01115884A Expired - Lifetime EP1198063B1 (de) | 2000-10-11 | 2001-06-29 | Kapazitiver Näherungssensor |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1198063B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE261209T1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE20017457U1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1675265A2 (de) | 2004-12-22 | 2006-06-28 | Diehl AKO Stiftung & Co. KG | Schaltungsanordnung für einen kapazitiven Berührungsschalter |
Families Citing this family (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AU2002353332A1 (en) | 2001-12-13 | 2003-06-23 | Intelligent Mechatronic Systems, Inc. | Occupant presence detection device |
US8665077B2 (en) | 2002-08-15 | 2014-03-04 | Ident Technology Ag | Circuit for selectively producing switching signals, especially for a vehicle door locking, a vehicle, system and method equipped therewith for protecting areas of risk as well as a system, system components and method for hermetically transferring validatable data |
DE60324167D1 (de) * | 2002-08-16 | 2008-11-27 | Intelligent Mechatronic Sys | Kapazitive berührungsaktivierbare scahltvorrichtung |
FR2850808B1 (fr) * | 2003-02-05 | 2005-03-18 | Greenlite | Dispositif electronique de commande par effleurement destine a des vegetaux |
DE102004003112B4 (de) * | 2004-01-21 | 2005-12-22 | Dieter Peter | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur kapazitiven Messwerterfassung |
KR100642497B1 (ko) * | 2004-06-03 | 2006-11-02 | 주식회사 애트랩 | 전기적 접촉센서 |
ES2253126B1 (es) * | 2005-10-14 | 2007-07-16 | Modulos Digitales Para El Lavado, S.A. | Componente de deteccion para un dispositivo de pantalla sensorial dactilar. |
CN100517201C (zh) * | 2005-11-10 | 2009-07-22 | 鸿富锦精密工业(深圳)有限公司 | 触摸式感应装置 |
CN100573427C (zh) * | 2005-11-12 | 2009-12-23 | 鸿富锦精密工业(深圳)有限公司 | 触摸式感应装置 |
DE102006005581B4 (de) * | 2006-02-06 | 2007-10-04 | Diehl Ako Stiftung & Co. Kg | Kapazitiver Berührungsschalter |
US20080007529A1 (en) * | 2006-07-07 | 2008-01-10 | Tyco Electronics Corporation | Touch sensor |
DE102007004889B4 (de) * | 2007-01-31 | 2009-04-16 | BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH | Kapazitiver Inkrementalgeber und Haushaltsgerät mit einem solchen |
GB2453911A (en) * | 2007-03-26 | 2009-04-29 | Nokia Corp | An input pad having an array of resistive sensing pads disposed under a top surface layer |
DE202009017952U1 (de) * | 2009-09-25 | 2010-09-23 | Saint-Gobain Sekurit Deutschland Gmbh & Co. Kg | Verglasung mit integrierter Schaltvorrichtung |
DE102011075083B4 (de) * | 2011-05-02 | 2019-06-13 | BSH Hausgeräte GmbH | Kapazitive Bedieneinrichtung für ein Haushaltsgerät, Haushaltsgerät und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer kapazitiven Bedieneinrichtung in einem Haushaltsgerät |
CN103197351B (zh) * | 2013-04-01 | 2015-04-22 | 吴建堂 | 人体接近自动控制装置 |
CN105783192A (zh) * | 2016-04-11 | 2016-07-20 | 周云侠 | 电磁感应式探测人体的空调待机控制装置 |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2271538A1 (en) * | 1973-12-27 | 1975-12-12 | Cii | Capacitive proximity detector or switch - detects effective capacitance of object and activates logic circuit |
JPH01285801A (ja) * | 1988-05-12 | 1989-11-16 | Koko Res Kk | 近接距離センサー及び形状判別装置 |
US5508700A (en) * | 1994-03-17 | 1996-04-16 | Tanisys Technology, Inc. | Capacitance sensitive switch and switch array |
JPH0854474A (ja) * | 1994-08-17 | 1996-02-27 | Seikosha Co Ltd | 静電容量形近接センサ |
DE102005041112A1 (de) | 2005-08-30 | 2007-03-01 | BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH | Kapazitiver Annäherungsschalter und Haushaltgerät mit einem solchen |
DE102005041114A1 (de) | 2005-08-30 | 2007-03-01 | BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH | Kapazitiver Stellstreifen und Haushaltsgerät mit einem solchen |
DE102005041113A1 (de) | 2005-08-30 | 2007-03-01 | BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH | Kapazitiver Annäherungsschalter und Haushaltsgerät mit einem solchen |
DE102005041111A1 (de) | 2005-08-30 | 2007-03-01 | BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH | Kapazitiver Annäherungsschalter und Haushaltsgerät mit einem solchen |
DE102005041109A1 (de) | 2005-08-30 | 2007-03-01 | BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH | Kapazitiver Annäherungsschalter und Haushaltsgerät mit einem solchen |
DE102007004889B4 (de) | 2007-01-31 | 2009-04-16 | BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH | Kapazitiver Inkrementalgeber und Haushaltsgerät mit einem solchen |
-
2000
- 2000-10-11 DE DE20017457U patent/DE20017457U1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2001
- 2001-06-29 EP EP01115884A patent/EP1198063B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-06-29 DE DE50101592T patent/DE50101592D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-06-29 AT AT01115884T patent/ATE261209T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1675265A2 (de) | 2004-12-22 | 2006-06-28 | Diehl AKO Stiftung & Co. KG | Schaltungsanordnung für einen kapazitiven Berührungsschalter |
DE102005001777B4 (de) * | 2004-12-22 | 2007-09-13 | Diehl Ako Stiftung & Co. Kg | Schaltungsanordnung für einen kapazitiven Berührungsschalter |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE261209T1 (de) | 2004-03-15 |
EP1198063A1 (de) | 2002-04-17 |
DE20017457U1 (de) | 2001-01-25 |
DE50101592D1 (de) | 2004-04-08 |
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