EP1197445A1 - Tissu antistatique pour recipients flexibles pour produits en vrac - Google Patents

Tissu antistatique pour recipients flexibles pour produits en vrac Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1197445A1
EP1197445A1 EP20010123100 EP01123100A EP1197445A1 EP 1197445 A1 EP1197445 A1 EP 1197445A1 EP 20010123100 EP20010123100 EP 20010123100 EP 01123100 A EP01123100 A EP 01123100A EP 1197445 A1 EP1197445 A1 EP 1197445A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antistatic
fabric
quasi
threads
conductive
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP20010123100
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1197445B1 (fr
Inventor
Siegfried Hartmann
Egon Wurr
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eurea Verpackungs GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Eurea Verpackungs GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Eurea Verpackungs GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Eurea Verpackungs GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP1197445A1 publication Critical patent/EP1197445A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1197445B1 publication Critical patent/EP1197445B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02GCRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/44Yarns or threads characterised by the purpose for which they are designed
    • D02G3/441Yarns or threads with antistatic, conductive or radiation-shielding properties
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D88/00Large containers
    • B65D88/16Large containers flexible
    • B65D88/1612Flexible intermediate bulk containers [FIBC]
    • B65D88/165Flexible intermediate bulk containers [FIBC] with electrically conductive properties
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03WEAVING
    • D03DWOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D03D15/50Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads
    • D03D15/533Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads antistatic; electrically conductive
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/13Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
    • Y10T428/1352Polymer or resin containing [i.e., natural or synthetic]
    • Y10T428/1362Textile, fabric, cloth, or pile containing [e.g., web, net, woven, knitted, mesh, nonwoven, matted, etc.]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2918Rod, strand, filament or fiber including free carbon or carbide or therewith [not as steel]
    • Y10T428/292In coating or impregnation
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2929Bicomponent, conjugate, composite or collateral fibers or filaments [i.e., coextruded sheath-core or side-by-side type]
    • Y10T428/2931Fibers or filaments nonconcentric [e.g., side-by-side or eccentric, etc.]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2973Particular cross section
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/20Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
    • Y10T442/2418Coating or impregnation increases electrical conductivity or anti-static quality

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an antistatic fabric for flexible Bulk containers.
  • a fabric of this type is suitable for the high mechanical stresses like when using the fabric for one flexible bulk container, well suited, and through the woven electrically conductive threads will be a safe discharge reached by electrostatic charge.
  • a fabric called “electrically conductive” has a resistance to earth of less than 10 8 ⁇ .
  • Such a leakage resistance is generally required for explosion protection measures based on various technical safety regulations, including flexible bulk material containers made of type "C” polypropylene tapes in accordance with the classification of the German industrial working group "Combustible Dusts / Electrostatics”.
  • the fabric has an adverse effect entails: due to the low resistance can charges are very fast and with a high charge density move and move across the entire surface of the fabric then at a point where a touch by an opposing one charged charge carrier or for example a or grounded person, suddenly discharge. thats why always before the start of a filling process that separates the charge cause a connection to the earth, resulting charges immediately from the surface of the tissue can flow off against earth.
  • GB 21 01 559 A1 is also a bulk container known, which is made of a fabric in the metal threads are incorporated over the electrostatic charges of the tissue can be derived.
  • Tissues to which an antistatic is applied are also known is so that the finished fabric is electrical Can discharge charges.
  • the fabric produced in this way only fulfills that as new goods Fire and explosion hazard requirements; the conductive antistatic coating according to the state the technology is not permanent, rather it is temporal is limited.
  • Equipment with an applied antistatic Coating has been used in such applications proven unsuitable in which the fabric is strong mechanical Abrasion is subject to, even with bulk containers scrape together when stacking over large areas or over be ground. With the high strains one highly stressed plastic fabric tears the coating and / or flakes. In addition, these containers are on loan used several times. Then it is particularly dangerous that the loss of electrical conductivity caused by abrasion is not recognizable during the period of use, so that protection requirements are assumed for users, that are no longer there.
  • FIBC flexible Intermediate bulk containers
  • corona discharge occurs on a charge carrier with a very small one Radius of curvature, so also on thin woven threads or on Tips on. With the corona discharge a very arises weak, limited to the immediate vicinity of the tip Discharge to the air, which is continuous and over one longer period expires, so manual grounding over ground wire is not required.
  • the conductivity of the tissue is so great that a fast charge transport when in contact with a large charge sink and an associated sudden discharge can occur with spark formation.
  • Another disadvantage is that the antistatic, quasi-conductive It is difficult to produce threads in the known fabric and are to be processed. Already applying one metallic surface on a plastic thread formed core is complex and expensive. The antistatic Sheathing is subject to mechanical wear as before has been described for full-area coatings.
  • the antistatic thread has a cross-sectional geometry, those of those commonly used for bulk containers Ribbon tissues deviate and thus in terms of Processability causes problems.
  • the diameter of the coated thread can for reasons of Processability and mechanical resilience too not be kept as small as it would be desirable to the effect of corona discharge over the length of the thread - and not just at the ends - to be able to use. Therefore can still local charge fields in unfavorable conditions form on the tissue surface that is not due to corona discharge are degradable, but degrade suddenly can.
  • WO 96/09629 is an antistatic additive for thermoplastic Plastics known from a thermoplastic Polymer mass consists of an electrically conductive Includes network of non-metallic, microcrystalline needles. This network is fusible so that it can be used the usual processing methods of plastics technology is processable and with cooling of a plastic melt crystallized again.
  • the microcrystalline network is in the polymer mass is embedded and therefore wear-resistant because it not be abrasively removed from the surface of a component can.
  • the invention has for its object a fabric of the beginning mentioned type to develop the permanent antistatic Has properties and thus in explosive and fire hazardous areas and that in particular does not have to be grounded in all applications.
  • an antistatic Fabric for flexible bulk containers which is electrical non-conductive and antistatic, quasi-conductive threads has, the antistatic, quasi-conductive threads consist of a thermoplastic in which a Conductivity-increasing additive is mixed in and the antistatic, quasi-conductive thread with a ribbon is approximately rectangular cross-section.
  • a fabric is called "antistatic, quasi-conductive" here, the surface resistance of which is measured according to DIN 53482 is greater than 10 8 ⁇ and less than 10 11 ⁇ . The electron flow is strongly slowed down at this resistance, but is still possible.
  • Plastic tapes are understood to be in cross section have a large width in relation to their thickness and which can be processed using web technology.
  • the thread By mixing the conductive additive into the polymer mass the thread is achieved on the one hand that an electron line is made possible within the thread.
  • the specific electrical resistance of the obtained thermoplastic mixture On the other hand is the specific electrical resistance of the obtained thermoplastic mixture, however, so high that the electron flow is possible only very slowly. This ensures that a constant flow of electrons and a constant Delivery of cargo to the environment is possible, however cannot flow as much charge in a short time, that there is a sudden high energy discharge can come under the formation of an ignition spark.
  • To form "islands" of electrostatically insulating Fabric sections in the middle of the grid made of electrically conductive Avoiding threads is the distance between the threads not less than 1 cm and not more than 5 cm. Preferably a distance of 3 cm is selected.
  • the fabric advantageously has the warp threads, the weft threads and covering the antistatic, quasi-conductive threads antistatic plastic coating made from a thermoplastic consists of a conductivity increasing additive is mixed. Through this coating is achieved that a cargo is large can spread over the fabric surface and local charge peaks can be broken down.
  • Tissue is formed from the aforementioned Establish a manually established earth connection Ground clamp and cable are dispensed with in most applications be a non-contact electrical derivation Charges to the environment is enabled.
  • the antistatic coating provides not only a good charge distribution over the entire Surface sure, but also that the earth clamp electrically with the antistatic, quasi-conductive threads in Weft and / or chain is connected.
  • FIG. 1 shows a flexible fabric made from the fabric 100 Bulk goods container 10, which from a carrier bag 15 with Transport loops 17, 17 'trained strap.
  • the carrying bag 15 has a filler neck in its lid area 14 18 and in its bottom area 11 an outlet nozzle 19 on.
  • the carrying bag 15 is made of the anti-static Fabric 100 of the invention made.
  • in the collar area 16 in Lid area 14 and in the area of the filler 18 and outlet nozzle 19 can be used to optimize the discharge behavior Compaction of the grid 12 from antistatic, quasi-conductive Threads are provided.
  • in the material for the carrying straps 17, 17 'to ensure the derivation conductive material incorporated.
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic view of an antistatic, quasi-conductive warp 4 or weft 5 as they offers itself under the microscope.
  • a base polymer here polypropylene, mixed.
  • a matrix 8 of the base polymer there are a large number of microcrystalline needles 6 embedded, which are meltable and which crystallize out on cooling. In order to the mixture is extrudable, sprayable and otherwise can be processed with the techniques of plastics processing.
  • the needles 6 are in such a density within the matrix 8 arranged so that they touch or overlap.
  • the example of the detail shown here forms between any point 7.1 and another Point 7.2 at the other end of a thread section through the microcrystalline needles 6 a multiplicity of current paths 7 , one of which is shown here as thick Line is marked.
  • a current path 7 braked charge transport is possible.
  • acicular metal particles of macroscopic size so with about 0.1 to 2 mm in length, embedded in the matrix 8 are. These metal particles appear as fine tips on the Surfaces of the antistatic, quasi-conductive threads; on A corona spray discharge can take place at each of these tips.
  • Fig. 3 is a portion of one made in accordance with the invention Fabric 100 shown.
  • Both warp threads 3 and Weft threads 4 are tapes made of a thermoplastic. Such tapes are easily obtained by that a film is made from the plastic, which is then cut into ribbons by a knife in the direction of the web becomes; the ribbons are then stretched.
  • There standard plastics, in particular polypropylene, are also suitable and the ribbons are one in comparison to textile yarns Large widths of approximately 0.5 to 5 mm can be inexpensive large-area fabrics can be produced.
  • In the tissue 100 are antistatic, quasi-conductive threads 4 woven into the here for better illustration schematically as a bold double line are drawn.
  • the antistatic, quasi-conductive threads 4 are preferably in woven into a chain at a distance of about 3 cm from each other. Around especially in the event of breakage of the antistatic, quasi-conductive thread a derivative of the electrical charge ensure even at greater intervals of preferably 30 cm antistatic, quasi-conductive threads 5 in Weft to be woven. About these weft threads 5 can Interruption of a quasi-conductive warp thread 4 a diversion of the electrical charge flow until the next intact Warp thread 4 can be reached.
  • antistatic, quasi-conductive threads 4 mainly are woven as weft or warp threads is for the electrical Properties of the fabric according to the invention are irrelevant and can be chosen according to the needs of the weaver.
  • non-conductive threads 2, 3 and antistatic, quasi-conductive threads 4, 5 is preferably the same, there are no weaving difficulties, when the antistatic, quasi-conductive threads are woven together in the weft become.
  • round threads with mixed additives can also be used Use if they are very thin and therefore the possibility a good corona discharge.
  • Fig. 4 shows the discharge of the tissue.
  • the voltage drop is plotted over time. Starting from a high potential U H , the charge supply is interrupted at time t 1 . As the continuous, upper line shows, the charge continuously degrades due to continuous corona discharge at the ribbon edges, the thread ends and any macroscopic metal particle tips that have been mixed in, until it reaches a minimum at the level of U L1 at time t 2 . Grounding was not carried out here.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Elimination Of Static Electricity (AREA)
EP20010123100 2000-09-29 2001-09-27 Tissu antistatique pour recipients flexibles pour produits en vrac Expired - Lifetime EP1197445B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10048765A DE10048765C2 (de) 2000-09-29 2000-09-29 Antistatisches Gewebe für flexible Schüttgutbehälter
DE10048765 2000-09-29

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1197445A1 true EP1197445A1 (fr) 2002-04-17
EP1197445B1 EP1197445B1 (fr) 2003-12-10

Family

ID=7658415

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20010123100 Expired - Lifetime EP1197445B1 (fr) 2000-09-29 2001-09-27 Tissu antistatique pour recipients flexibles pour produits en vrac

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US6572942B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1197445B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE256054T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE10048765C2 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1316515A1 (fr) * 2001-11-28 2003-06-04 Sunjut Suni Jut Sanayi Ve Ticaret A.S. Sac intermédiaire flexible avec les fibres dispersives multiples ayant l'effet antistatique permanent
WO2004048227A1 (fr) 2002-11-26 2004-06-10 Rosenlew Fibc Benelux N. V. Contenant electroconducteur

Families Citing this family (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6900975B2 (en) * 2002-07-05 2005-05-31 Sunjit Suni Jut Sanayi Ve Tioaret A.S. Inner device for neutralization of electrostatic charges from material in contact
ES2225712T3 (es) * 2002-10-16 2005-03-16 Unsa Ambalaj Sanayi Ve Ticaret A.S. Contenedor flexible de uso intermedio para materiales a granel.
EP1510474A1 (fr) 2003-08-27 2005-03-02 Gunner Schroll Conteneur souple pour matières en vrac
DE102004006871A1 (de) * 2004-02-12 2005-09-01 Dr. Klaus Schulte Gmbh Chemisch-Technische Fabrikation Dauerhaft ableitfähiges und dauerhaft flammhemmendes Gewebe
US20080020161A1 (en) * 2004-04-01 2008-01-24 Shimon Shacham Antistatic Dissipative Flexible Intermediate Bulk Container
DE102004046579A1 (de) * 2004-09-23 2006-04-06 Nordenia Deutschland Emsdetten Gmbh Flexibler Schüttgutbehälter
US7431501B2 (en) * 2004-11-15 2008-10-07 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Bag assembly providing electrostatic discharge protection
WO2006130637A2 (fr) * 2005-05-31 2006-12-07 Noble Fiber Technologies, Llc Contenant de masse intermediaire souple presentant une decharge optimale de charge dangereuse
US20070275787A1 (en) * 2005-12-09 2007-11-29 Bouchard Roland C Bowling ball having an RFID tag
US8360642B2 (en) * 2007-07-05 2013-01-29 Jianyi Sun Super air permeability and reinforced seams of peanuts bag (APC BAG-SBA)
CN102811925B (zh) * 2009-12-02 2015-11-25 英默里斯滑石美国有限公司 具有卸料斜槽的柔性散装存储容器
US20120149263A1 (en) * 2010-06-14 2012-06-14 Sava Cvek Elastomeric Mesh Fabric
US20140212070A1 (en) * 2013-01-31 2014-07-31 Yuan Da Plastic Fabric Corp. Bulk bag with lift loops
CN105307955B (zh) * 2013-03-15 2018-02-13 特克斯恩有限责任公司 具有感应控制的柔性中型集装容器
DE102014010273A1 (de) * 2014-07-11 2016-01-14 Bayer Technology Services Gmbh Erdungsfähiger flexibler Schüttgutbehälter

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2101559A (en) * 1981-07-09 1983-01-19 Humber Fabrics Limited Electrically conductive container
DE3938414A1 (de) * 1989-08-19 1991-02-21 Eurea Verpackung Hochfestes kunstfaser-gewebe sowie aus diesem hergestellte schuettgutbehaelter und tragegurte
WO1996009629A1 (fr) * 1994-09-21 1996-03-28 Ciba Specialty Chemicals Holdiing Inc Nouvelle composition electroconductrice
US5679449A (en) * 1993-10-21 1997-10-21 Linq Industrial Fabrics, Inc. Low discharge anti-incendiary flexible intermediate bulk container
US6112772A (en) * 1995-06-01 2000-09-05 Linq Industrial Fabrics, Inc. Low discharge anti-incendiary flexible intermediate bulk container

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5478154A (en) * 1994-06-01 1995-12-26 Linq Industrial Fabrics, Inc. Quasi-conductive anti-incendiary flexible intermediate bulk container
DE19826120C2 (de) * 1998-03-20 2001-06-07 Eurea Verpackung Flammhemmendes, elektrisch leitendes Gewebe

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2101559A (en) * 1981-07-09 1983-01-19 Humber Fabrics Limited Electrically conductive container
DE3938414A1 (de) * 1989-08-19 1991-02-21 Eurea Verpackung Hochfestes kunstfaser-gewebe sowie aus diesem hergestellte schuettgutbehaelter und tragegurte
US5679449A (en) * 1993-10-21 1997-10-21 Linq Industrial Fabrics, Inc. Low discharge anti-incendiary flexible intermediate bulk container
WO1996009629A1 (fr) * 1994-09-21 1996-03-28 Ciba Specialty Chemicals Holdiing Inc Nouvelle composition electroconductrice
US6112772A (en) * 1995-06-01 2000-09-05 Linq Industrial Fabrics, Inc. Low discharge anti-incendiary flexible intermediate bulk container

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1316515A1 (fr) * 2001-11-28 2003-06-04 Sunjut Suni Jut Sanayi Ve Ticaret A.S. Sac intermédiaire flexible avec les fibres dispersives multiples ayant l'effet antistatique permanent
WO2004048227A1 (fr) 2002-11-26 2004-06-10 Rosenlew Fibc Benelux N. V. Contenant electroconducteur

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE50101123D1 (de) 2004-01-22
DE10048765C2 (de) 2003-02-20
US20020039631A1 (en) 2002-04-04
US6572942B2 (en) 2003-06-03
DE10048765A1 (de) 2002-04-25
ATE256054T1 (de) 2003-12-15
EP1197445B1 (fr) 2003-12-10

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