EP1195724B1 - Verfahren zur Erkennung von Münzen in einem Münzautomaten - Google Patents
Verfahren zur Erkennung von Münzen in einem Münzautomaten Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1195724B1 EP1195724B1 EP01121640A EP01121640A EP1195724B1 EP 1195724 B1 EP1195724 B1 EP 1195724B1 EP 01121640 A EP01121640 A EP 01121640A EP 01121640 A EP01121640 A EP 01121640A EP 1195724 B1 EP1195724 B1 EP 1195724B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- coin
- profile
- determined
- profiles
- values
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
- G07D5/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of coins, e.g. for segregating coins which are unacceptable or alien to a currency
- G07D5/005—Testing the surface pattern, e.g. relief
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
- G07D5/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of coins, e.g. for segregating coins which are unacceptable or alien to a currency
- G07D5/02—Testing the dimensions, e.g. thickness, diameter; Testing the deformation
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for detecting coins in a slot machine.
- US 5,887,697 relates to a coin recognition device in its recognition process an optical image is processed, due to the light reflection from the coin was won.
- the thus obtained reflection image of the coin is stored in a data memory stored.
- the stored image is converted into polar coordinates and compared with reference patterns.
- For conversion into polar coordinates of the Center of the stored image determined.
- For this purpose are perpendicular to each other stationary chords are constructed in the stored image, each through the Center point. The intersection of the chords then determines the midpoint of the image for the subsequent transformation in polar coordinates.
- adversely in the known method is that the center point determination is very inaccurate, especially when tilted added coins.
- the invention has for its object to provide a method for optical testing of Specify coins that are used to recognize coins in a reliable manner can.
- a measuring device records a height profile the coin to be recognized.
- a height profile can for example a captured image of the coin surface are constructed.
- the height profile assigns a vertex a value for the height that occurs in this point Coin surface too.
- the bases can, for example, at regular intervals distributed as a grid.
- the recorded height profile allows it in one very early step already without reference data not embossed marks too discriminate.
- a data processing according to the invention in a first Step from the height profile determines the location of the center of the coin and set an angular orientation of the height profile in the plane of the coin surface. In addition to the center of the coin, an angular orientation in the height profile established. The determination can be done arbitrarily.
- a subsequent Detection step is the height profile of the coin to be recognized with a height profile of a reference coin compared.
- the comparison will be different relative angular orientations between the two height profiles selected.
- both altitude profiles are relative to a common center aligned to the coins.
- the values of the height profiles are along a circular path on the coin with a predetermined radius compared.
- the comparison can be in any representation or any coordination system.
- the comparison can be both in a spatial representation of the height profiles and / or a frequency space representation respectively.
- the comparative values thus determined give the similarity of the Height profiles at a certain angular orientation of the coins to each other.
- comparison values are determined for several angular orientations.
- the extreme value of the comparison values which is the maximum similarity between recorded height profile of the recognized Coin and the height profile of the reference coin indicates, with different Angular orientation determined.
- the extreme value is used to generate a real and Wrong signal.
- the center of the determining coin The center becomes geometric by the definition of the edge of the coin. Is the edge of the height profile of the coin.
- the solution of the corresponding ellipse equation provides the diameter and the center of the coin to be recognized.
- the relative angle between the height profiles is achieved that to assess the similarity along the circular path the Angular position with the best match is found.
- the inventive method relatively robust against errors occurring during the measurement. Is that too cognitive coin rotationally invariant, then the comparison with a reference pattern, in which the values of the height profiles are compared with each other. From this becomes the comparison value for the coin to be recognized with the given height profile determined.
- the object is likewise achieved by a method having the features from claim 4 solved.
- the comparison in an area performed.
- the area is preferably a section of the embossed image However, it can extend over the entire embossed image.
- the area has a predetermined distance from the center and a predetermined orientation opposite to the orientation of the height profile.
- the values of the Height profile compared with the values of the reference coin.
- the height profiles to each other will be a comparative value for the areas determined.
- the predetermined position of the Location of the reference coin corresponds.
- the position of the pattern against each other in a predetermined tolerance range be moved in order to achieve better comparison values. So for example the coin to be recognized inclined so has the height profile at its highly inclined End higher altitude values than at its opposite end. Such Height differences can be achieved, for example, by simply converting the height profiles be compensated.
- the method for recognizing the coin is based on a recorded embossed image the coin.
- the embossed image is for a predetermined field of interpolation points in the X, Y plane before.
- the data of the embossed image is an NxM matrix where N is the number of nodes in X and M is the number of nodes Marked points in the Y direction.
- N is the number of nodes in X
- M is the number of nodes Marked points in the Y direction.
- Starting from these measurement data can first a data preprocessing done.
- it is suitable for data preprocessing a so-called Region Growing method starting from a any measuring point within the coin always neighbor measuring points are searched which are also judged to belong to the coin because of the height values. In this way, for the given height profile those support points be recognized, which belong to the coin.
- the pre-processed image of the coin to be recognized around the coin center is compared with a reference coin along a circular path.
- P (r, ⁇ ) be the measured and preprocessed coin profile
- M (r, ⁇ ) the reference profile.
- the comparison value is:
- the size S (r, ⁇ ) indicates the similarity between the coin profile and the pattern profile at a given radius r and an angle ⁇ . Because the orientation between the two profiles is not known, a twist angle ⁇ between 0 and 2 ⁇ assumed.
- the minimum W (r) for the comparison values is determined in a subsequent step:
- the size W (r) is a measure of the average distance between the height profiles along the circular path with the radius r at the best possible agreement of the height profiles.
- the method is by no means based on difference formation as a distance function or even limited to a representation in polar coordinates.
- Vertices for the height profile can be a Fourier or a discrete cosine or Sinus transformation with respect to the rotation angle can be made.
- it is appropriate to a convolution of the functions P and M to determine the comparative value.
- W (r) the size of the slot machine only the detection of a coin type required.
- a Threshold can be defined. If W (r) is below the threshold or when used folding above a threshold, a real signal is generated, otherwise a false signal can be output. In addition to that so determined Similarity measure W (r), further similarity measures can be consulted, the increase the detection probability.
- the rotation angle ⁇ is determined. From the angle of rotation and the coin center, each location can be determined exactly on a coin. This can be specifically searched in the coin embossing pattern for a stored pattern.
- This comparison can be done both in the local and in the frequency domain.
- a simple pattern matching (template matching) can take place or a 2D Convolution can be calculated.
- template matching In frequency space, it makes sense, the dominant To compare frequencies in the X and Y directions in terms of coverage.
- the pre-processed image of the coin to be recognized in a region T with a reference image P are compared.
- a coin is centered M and an orientation O set.
- the height profile with a reference pattern compared.
- the comparison value can be calculated as in the method described above become.
- the comparison region T may be, for example to be a square cutout.
- the square is one side parallel to the angular orientation O of the height image aligned.
- Distance from the center of the height profile for example, the length of the connecting line a corner of the area T to the center.
- a Transformation in a frequency space When recognizing the embossed image, in a preferred variant, a Transformation in a frequency space.
- the transformation of a gray value image offers the possibility of data reduction and thus speed advantages when examining the image data.
- due to the characteristic features characteristic of the respective representation differ Comparing image content better. So can be, for example locate dominant frequencies better in frequency space in the coin image than in the frequency domain Spatial domain.
- image representations In addition to the image representation in the spatial space, there are various other image representations to operate in this image processing and object recognition, such as the Fourier transform, the discrete cosine or sine transform, the Hadamar transformation, hair transformation and wavelet transformations. For a faster calculation, suitable algorithms exist for each of these functions. in the case of digital data, a discrete transformation carry out. Such is the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) or Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) already known as fast transformation.
- FFT Fast Fourier Transform
- DCT Discrete Cosine Transform
- the transformations in the appropriate representations are not limited in their dimensionality, so that the coin profile both along a circular line and in a two-dimensional area for example, by means of a Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) can be.
- Image data is possible, in particular how the orientation of an object can be identified using the example of the one-dimensional DCT.
- C (0) is approximately an average of all discrete function values.
- the second function f (x) is sampled with the cosine below Pi. So it becomes the function f (x) with discrete function values of the cosine multiplied from 0 to Pi and summed over all values.
- C (2) includes the summation of the function values multiplied by cosines in the interval from 0 to 2 pi. All further samples of the function f (x) are cosine functions higher frequencies.
- the comparison of the measured values f (x) with cosine functions yields a vector C (i) in the frequencies occurring in the measured values are weighted accordingly.
- a comparison of objects in the frequency domain via the comparison the amount of the occurring amplitudes.
- the displacement of an object in space leads to a shift of the phase in the wave space.
- the relative position of the function in relation to a stored function determine.
- the center determination via the ellipse equation is shown in the following example explained. Due to different inclinations of Münzprüfellan it comes often cause coins to make uncontrolled movements. By jumping, Slipping and tilting a coin can not be imaged properly. The edge of the Coin appears in the form of an ellipse, which is due to a tilt (see Fig. 2). For a perfect embossing image recognition is the calculation of the ellipse center as the center necessary. Using the coordinate pairs of at least 4 measurement points on the coin edge in the ellipse equation become center coordinates calculated.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Testing Of Coins (AREA)
Description
- x =
- kontinuierliche Variable zum Beispiel Ortskoordinate
- f(x) =
- kontinuierliche Funktion, auch Messwerte der reellen Variablen x handelt es sich um diskrete Werte, so ist f(x) ein Vektor
- N =
- Anzahl der zu untersuchenden Stellen, (z.B. Pixel)
- u =
- Variable läuft von 0 bis N-1
- α(u) =
- Normierungsfaktor und beträgt sqrt(2/N) wenn u größer 0 ist, sonst sqrt(1/N)
Claims (13)
- Verfahren zur Erkennung von Münzen in einem Münzautomaten, gekennzeichnet durch die folgenden Verfahrensschritte:mit Hilfe einer Messeinrichtung wird ein Höhenprofil der Münze aufgezeichnet,mit Hilfe einer Datenverarbeitung wird aus dem Höhenprofil die Lage des Mittelpunkts der Münze bestimmt und eine Winkelorientierung des Höhenprofils in der Ebene der Münzoberfläche festgelegt, wobei die Lage des Mittelpunktes der zu erkennenden Münze bestimmt wird, indem für den aufgezeichneten Rand der Münze die Ellipsengleichung gelöst wird,in einem anschließenden Erkennungsschritt wird das Höhenprofil der zu erkennenden Münze mehrfach mit einem Höhenprofil einer Referenzmünze bei einem gemeinsamen Mittelpunkt und unterschiedlicher relativer Winkelorientierung gegeneinander derart verglichen, dassaus den Werten der Höhenprofile entlang einem Kreis mit vorbestimmtem Radius ein Vergleichswert ermittelt wird, der die Ähnlichkeit der Höhenprofile bei gegebener Winkelorientierung angibt, undein Extremwert ermittelt wird, der eine maximale Ähnlichkeit für die Vergleichswerte bei unterschiedlichen Winkelorientierungen der Höhenprofile zueinander angibt, undder Extremwert zur Erzeugung eines Echt- und Falschsignals dient.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Extremwert zur Berechnung der Verdrehung der Lage der Münze gegenüber einer Referenzmünze dient.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Extremwerte für unterschiedliche Radien ermittelt werden.
- Verfahren zur Erkennung von Münzen in einem Münzautomaten, gekennzeichnet durch die folgenden Verfahrensschritte:mit Hilfe einer Messeinrichtung wird ein Höhenprofil der Münze aufgezeichnet,mit Hilfe einer Datenverarbeitung wird aus dem Höhenprofil die Lage des Mittelpunkts der Münze bestimmt und eine Winkelorientierung des Höhenprofils in der Ebene der Münzoberfläche festgelegt, wobei die Lage des Mittelpunktes der zu erkennenden Münze bestimmt wird, in dem für den aufgezeichneten Rand der Münze die Ellipsengleichung gelöst wird,in einem anschließenden Erkennungsschritt wird das Höhenprofil der zu erkennenden Münze in einem Bereich, der einen vorbestimmten Abstand vom Mittelpunkt und eine vorbestimmte Ausrichtung gegenüber der Orientierung des Höhenprofils aufweist, mit einem Höhenprofil einer Referenzmünze bei einem gemeinsamen Mittelpunkt und unterschiedlicher relativer Winkelorientierung der Münzen gegeneinander derart verglichen, dassaus den Werten der Höhenprofile in den Bereichen ein Vergleichswert ermittelt wird, der die Ähnlichkeit der Höhenprofile bei gegebener Winkelorientierung zueinander angibt, undein Extremwert ermittelt wird, der eine maximale Ähnlichkeit für die Vergleichswerte bei unterschiedlichen Winkelorientierungen der Höhenprofile zueinander, undder Extremwert zur Erzeugung eines Echt- und Falschsignals dient.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Bereiche, in denen der Vergleichswert ermittelt wird, die gleiche Form besitzen.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Vergleichswerte der Absolutbetrag der Differenz der Höhenprofile bestimmt wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Extremwert das Minimum der Vergleichswerte bestimmt wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Datenvorverarbeitung mit einer Kantenextraktion durchgeführt wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Höhenprofil der Münze in ein Höhenprofil einer in einer vorbestimmten Lage befindlichen Münze umgerechnet wird, wobei die Lage der Münze der Lage der Referenzmünze entspricht.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das umgerechnete Höhenprofil vollständig mit dem Höhenprofil der Referenzmünze verglichen wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in dem Erkennungsschritt das Höhenprofil der zu erkennenden Münze mit dem Höhenprofil der Referenzmünze in eine Frequenz-Darstellung transformiert und die Frequenzspektren mehrfach bei unterschiedlicher Lage der Münze gegenüber der Referenzmünze miteinander verglichen werden.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Vergleichswert aus einer Übereinstimmung von Frequenzamplituden ermittelt wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 11 oder 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zur Darstellung der Höhenprofile in der im Frequenz-Darstellung eine der folgenden Transformationen verwendet wird:FouriertransformationDadamertransformationHaartransformationdiskrete Kosinustransformationdiskrete SinustransformationFast FouriertransformationWavelettransformation.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10045052 | 2000-09-12 | ||
DE10045052A DE10045052A1 (de) | 2000-09-12 | 2000-09-12 | Verfahren zur Erkennung von Münzen in einem Münzautomaten |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1195724A2 EP1195724A2 (de) | 2002-04-10 |
EP1195724A3 EP1195724A3 (de) | 2004-02-04 |
EP1195724B1 true EP1195724B1 (de) | 2005-06-22 |
Family
ID=7655912
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP01121640A Expired - Lifetime EP1195724B1 (de) | 2000-09-12 | 2001-09-12 | Verfahren zur Erkennung von Münzen in einem Münzautomaten |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1195724B1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE10045052A1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2242690T3 (de) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10248972B4 (de) * | 2002-10-17 | 2009-09-10 | Walter Hanke Mechanische Werkstätten GmbH & Co. KG | Verfahren zum Prüfen von Münzen und münzähnlichen Gegenständen sowie ein Münzprüfer hierfür |
DE102005006018B4 (de) * | 2005-02-04 | 2008-03-27 | Walter Hanke Mechanische Werkstätten GmbH & Co. KG | Verfahren zum Bestimmen des genauen Mittelpunktes einer in einen Münzprüfer eingegebenen Münze |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2306187A1 (de) * | 1973-02-08 | 1974-08-15 | Josef Mergili | Optoelekttonischer muenzpruefer |
DE3526378A1 (de) | 1985-07-24 | 1987-02-05 | Andras Dipl Ing Gati | Vorrichtung mit einem sensor zur erkennung von muenzen |
DD296769A5 (de) | 1990-07-18 | 1991-12-12 | Act Gesellschaft Fuer Soft- Und Hardwaresysteme Mbh,De | Anordnung zur pruefung der physikalischen eigenschaften von muenzen |
US5220614A (en) * | 1991-02-22 | 1993-06-15 | Professional Coin Grading Service, Inc. | Automated coin grading system |
JP2745102B2 (ja) | 1992-12-02 | 1998-04-28 | ローレルバンクマシン株式会社 | 硬貨判別装置 |
JP3516825B2 (ja) * | 1996-03-29 | 2004-04-05 | ローレルバンクマシン株式会社 | 硬貨判別装置 |
JP3593885B2 (ja) * | 1998-06-01 | 2004-11-24 | 富士ゼロックス株式会社 | 画像解析装置および方法 |
-
2000
- 2000-09-12 DE DE10045052A patent/DE10045052A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2001
- 2001-09-12 DE DE50106573T patent/DE50106573D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-09-12 EP EP01121640A patent/EP1195724B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-09-12 ES ES01121640T patent/ES2242690T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2242690T3 (es) | 2005-11-16 |
DE10045052A1 (de) | 2002-03-28 |
EP1195724A3 (de) | 2004-02-04 |
EP1195724A2 (de) | 2002-04-10 |
DE50106573D1 (de) | 2005-07-28 |
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