EP1188879B1 - Système de plancher interconnectable, séparable - Google Patents

Système de plancher interconnectable, séparable Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1188879B1
EP1188879B1 EP01119907A EP01119907A EP1188879B1 EP 1188879 B1 EP1188879 B1 EP 1188879B1 EP 01119907 A EP01119907 A EP 01119907A EP 01119907 A EP01119907 A EP 01119907A EP 1188879 B1 EP1188879 B1 EP 1188879B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
panels
connector
panel
flooring
edges
Prior art date
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP01119907A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1188879A1 (fr
Inventor
Thomas J. Nelson
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Premark RWP Holdings LLC
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Premark RWP Holdings LLC
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/16—Flooring, e.g. parquet on flexible web, laid as flexible webs; Webs specially adapted for use as flooring; Parquet on flexible web
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
    • E04F15/04—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements only of wood or with a top layer of wood, e.g. with wooden or metal connecting members
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F2201/00—Joining sheets or plates or panels
    • E04F2201/05—Separate connectors or inserts, e.g. pegs, pins, keys or strips

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to flooring surfaces, preferably decorative flooring surfaces.
  • the present invention relates to a system for constructing a flooring surface, e.g. , a decorative flooring surface. More specifically, the present invention relates to thin laminate flooring surfaces comprising a top wear surface, preferably decorative in nature, a substrate reinforcing material or layer, and optionally, a backing material or layer.
  • the present invention also relates to components, systems, and methods for constructing a disengageable decorative laminate flooring surface from individual flooring panels.
  • the present invention relates to decorative laminate flooring products or components, e.g. , panels and elements for connecting the panels.
  • manufacturers of laminate flooring panels have produced a flooring product that contain both a tongue and a groove profile within the same flooring panel.
  • the tongue profile is machined into one side and one end of the panel with the groove being machined into the opposite side and end of the same panel.
  • This type of manufacturing creates a panel that has a directional orientation or "handedness" (right or left hand orientation).
  • a panel is manufactured having a top wear surface. After manufacture, the panel is machined at the edges to remove a portion of the top wear surface to form a tongue extension for insertion into a corresponding groove of an adjacent panel. To form the tongue, the top wear surface has to be machined off thus, decreasing the amount of marketable square feet of flooring per panel. In addition, the removal of more top wear surface accelerates tool wear and thus, tools require more maintenance, and/or replacement. Consequently, the cost and time of manufacture increases. Likewise, in prior art systems, a reinforcing substrate material is manufactured and then, a portion is machined away to form the groove.
  • a space to be floored is not of a dimension which is equally divisible by the size of a flooring panel, i.e. , panels at an end wall have to be cut length or width wise to fit.
  • prior art systems utilizing handed panels once a panel is cut there is a substantial possibility that the remaining portion is unusable.
  • a portion of a panel may be needed with a groove on the long edge and it is inserted. As a result, only a panel piece having a tongue on the long edge remains without a long groove edge.
  • U.S. Patent No. 3,310,919 titled "Portable Floor,” discloses a floor comprising a plurality of like panels having straight sides, coupling elements at the sides for coupling arrangement with cooperating coupling elements on adjacent panels, and means operatively associated with the coupling elements for releasably locking adjacent panels in a side-by-side contiguous relationship. As illustrated in Figure 2, the panels are coupled together using locking screws 19 and nails 15.
  • U.S. Patent No. 3,657,852 titled “Floor Tiles,” discloses a floor or tile consisting either of a single piece composed of any one of a range of different materials or a plurality of superimposed laminations each composed of any one of a range materials.
  • the floor tiles are formed with a plurality of identical, laterally projecting tongues and, in their underside, with an equal number of identical pockets which open to the periphery of the tiles and alternate around the periphery with the tongues.
  • any tongue of any one of the tiles is adapted to engage and fit within any pocket of any one of the other tiles and when so engaged, it is held against endwise withdrawal from the pocket so that, when the two tiles are located in a common plane, relative movement there between in the plane is prevented.
  • U.S. Patent No. 4,449,346 titled "Panel Assembly,” discloses a panel assembly including at least two panels and a connector member for mounting the panels to a support surface, the panels being positioned edge-to-edge in coplanar relationship with the respective confronting edges thereof spaced apart, and the connector member between the confronting panel edges and interlocking the panels together by being fixedly secured to the support surface.
  • Each panel has first and second surfaces in first and second parallel planes and each has on its respective edge a tongue and a groove. The tongue and groove extend along the panel edge in between the first and second planes, and respectively project an opening outwardly angularly towards the first plane.
  • the connector member comprises an elongated body filling the space between the confronting panel edges and having on each side thereof a tongue and a groove respectively projecting an opening outwardly angularly towards the second plane.
  • the tongue and groove on either side are complimentary to lockingly engage with the respective groove and tongue on the adjacent respective confronting edges of the panel.
  • the connector member cooperates with the panels to urge the panels toward one another in a tight locking engagement as a result of a compressive force being exerted on the member in the direction toward the support surface when the member is secured to the support surface.
  • the connecting member is fixedly secured to the support surface using screw 86.
  • the top surface 56 of the connector member 14 is coplanar with the top planar surfaces 16 and 18 of panels 10 and 12" and therefore, forms a part of the top wear surface -- which is readily visible.
  • U.S. Patent No. 4,135,339 titled "Slatted Floor System,” discloses a slatted floor system which is said to be easily assembled, provides firm footing and comfort to confined animals, resists corrosion, discourages accumulation of animal waste, is easily cleaned, and can be used to span significantly greater distances than prior art slats.
  • the slatted floor system is stated to comprise a plurality of elongated, spaced, generally parallel slats. Each slat has a top, load-carrying surface with spaced apart, opposite outer edges. Each slat also has a bottom surface substantially parallel to the top surface and a pair of side surfaces integral with the top surface and the bottom surface.
  • each slat also includes a first pair of projection receiving means extending longitudinally along the tapered first portion of its side surfaces and a second pair of projection receiving means extending longitudinally along the second portion of the side surfaces. Adjacent slats are said to be connected and locked in spaced-apart relationship in a plurality of connectors.
  • Each connector has a pair of projections, with each projection being receivable by one of the first pair of projection receiving means on each of two adjacent slats, and the second pair of projection receiving means on each of two adjacent slats. At least one of the first and second pairs of projections on the connectors are adapted to interlock with its corresponding projection receiving means on adjacent slats. As stated above, and shown in Figures 1 and 4, the upper wear surface of the slats are spaced apart to provide a gap to facilitate the object of the invention, i.e., for discouraging the accumulation of animal waste.
  • the projections and connector means can only be assembled by sliding the edges of the slats and connector together when held in parallel coplanar relationship to one another. And as shown, the connector member does not extend the entire length of the slat members.
  • U.S. Patent No. 4,461,131 titled "Panel Interconnection System,” discloses an assembly of panels of rectangular shape, as for example, a floor, in which the panels comprise upper and lower ridged sheets separated by a core, elongated fittings extending along adjacent edges of adjacent panels and having lateral extension receipt means between edge portions of the sheets of the panels. Each fitting has an upwardly open channel located beyond the edge of the associated panel. Adjacent fittings and adjacent panels are secured together by elongated connector strips which have parallel elongated lugs received in the channels of the adjacent fittings. As shown in Figure 3, strips 40 form a portion of the top wear surface and are thus, visibly distinct from the upper surface 10 of flooring panels P.
  • U.S. Patent No. 4,796,402 titled “Step Silencing Parquet Floor,” discloses a step silencing parquet board, in which the sound of steps which are perceivable from one room to another are silenced by using a surface-press non-homogeneous fiber board in the supporting construction layers provided underneath the wear surface layer of the parquet board.
  • the patent discloses that the board has longitudinal sides and ends formed with a tongue and groove whereby said board will cooperate with adjacent boards to form a self-silencing parquet floor.
  • U.S. Patent No. 5,022,200 titled "Interlocking Sections for Portable Floors and the Like,” discloses an alleged improved locking mechanism including first and second members which fit together for locking purposes.
  • the second locking member has pins mounted therein for motion along defined paths between first and second positions, referred to in the patent as closed and open positions.
  • the patent discloses means for normally urging the pins to their closed positions.
  • the first locking member is stated to have means for moving the pins to their open positions when the two lock members are moved together and for permitting the pins to return to their closed positions after engagement of the first and second lock members.
  • the first lock member has engagement surfaces which contact the pins when forces are applied to move the first and second lock members apart.
  • the first locking member includes a flange and the second locking member includes means to define a recess to receive the flange.
  • the pins are positioned generally within the receiving space, and the flange includes surfaces on its outer edge for moving the pins to the open position, and hook-like portions having engagement surfaces which engage the pins in a locked position.
  • the patent also discloses an alleged improved panel construction wherein a panel is formed in a single molding process which encapsulates a core member in urethane, molds the edge tongue and groove portions with recesses formed therein to receive the locking members, and bonds the decorative endurable floor surface:
  • U.S. Patent No. 5,157,890 titled "Floor,” discloses a flooring system of individual panel assemblies that may be cooperatively interengaged.
  • the patent discloses that the periphery of each panel is bound by frame members having two spaced generally parallel flanges and a generally perpendicular web extending therebetween.
  • the frame members On one side of the web, between the upper and lower flanges, the frame members include a track for receiving a key block.
  • the key block comprises a generally rectangular base with a key tongue extending therefrom.
  • the base is slottably received in the track of one frame member and the tongue is received in the track of an adjacent frame member.
  • the frame members may be miter cut to a desired length and the corners fastened together by a corner fastener.
  • U.S. Patent No. 5,179,812 titled "Flooring Product” discloses a flooring product comprising a wood panel having an L-shaped surround the base of which is located below the wood panel.
  • the patent discloses the use of a plurality of parallel aluminum battens which are connected to the base of the panel. These battens are said to comprise a groove.
  • the patent discloses that two flooring products having similar joint arrangements are secured together by locating the base of the surround of each product in the groove and the elongated members of the other product. The connection cannot be disengaged unless one of the flooring panels is tilted relative to the other.
  • U.S. Patent No. 5,295,341 titled "Snap-Together Flooring System,” discloses a flooring system having a base member having a top side, an underside, and four circumferentially spaced outer edges, a tongue connector secured to one outer edge by an interlocking rib and groove, a groove connector secured to another outer edge by an interlocking rib and groove, a tongue connector having forwardly converging compressible side walls terminating in rear transverse locking surfaces, the groove connector having a large inner opening and a small outer opening.
  • the tongue sidewalls in a compressed position being smaller than said groove outer opening to pass through the outer opening but elastically expandable to be larger than said outer opening to lock a tongue and a groove.
  • the patent discloses that preferably the connectors are attached to the base members and recesses of the outer edges by additional tongues and grooves and that they are attached to the base members at the factory during manufacture.
  • U.S. Patent No. 5,736,227 titled "Laminated Wood Flooring Product and Wood Floor,” discloses a flooring product which includes a top decorative layer, an intermediate layer bonded to the top layer, and a base layer bonded to the intermediate layer.
  • the top, intermediate, and base layers are bonded to define a laminated elongated wood flooring strip.
  • a tongue and groove are formed on respective side edges of the flooring strip. The tongue and groove extend along the length of the flooring strip, and lock adjacent flooring strips together side-to-side to form an assembled wood floor.
  • the base layer has a multiplicity of closely spaced-apart scores cut transverse to the length of the flooring strip along substantially the entire length of the flooring strip. The scores relieve stress and increase flexibility in the wood strip for more closely adhering to irregularities of the sub floor.
  • U.S. Patent No. 3,694,983 titled "Pile or Plastic Tiles for Flooring and the Like Applications,” discloses tiles adapted to constitute by juxtaposition a continuous, plain or diversified carpet or revetment of textile, plastic or other material. Each tile is secured to a backing of the same dimensions but having projections along two adjacent edges of the tile to form an embedded strip. Each strip is provided with means permitting the mutual engagement of fastening means provided in embedded condition under the edges of two sides of the adjacent tile. The fastening means have a thickness inferior to that of said backing so that in assembled condition no extra thickness is produced in relation to the normal backing thickness.
  • U.S. Patent No. 3,859,000 titled "Road Construction and Panel for Making Same,” discloses a road construction comprised of a plurality of identical invertible polygonal panels.
  • Each panel comprises a plurality of single piece peripheral frame members fixed together to define a polygonal configuration and each of the members having a roughly L-shaped projection extending therefrom. The projection is adapted to be interlocked with an identical projection of an associated member.
  • Each panel also has a pair of load carrying sheets fixed on opposite sides of its frame members.
  • U.S. Patent No. 5,706,621 titled “System for Joining Building Boards,” discloses a system for laying and mechanically joining building panels, especially thin, hard, floating floors.
  • the patent discloses that adjacent joint edges of two panels engage each other to provide a first mechanical connection locking the joint edges in a first direction perpendicular to the principal plane of the panels.
  • the patent states that there is provided a strip which is integrated with or integrally formed with one joint edge and which projects behind the other joint edge.
  • the strip has upwardly protruding locking elements engaging in a locking groove in the rear side of the other joint edge to form a second mechanical connection locking the panels in a second direction parallel to the principal plane of the panels and at right angles to the joint.
  • Both the first and second mechanical connections allow mutual displacement of joined panels in the direction of the joint.
  • the patent discloses that the strip is mounted at the factory on the underside of the panel and extends throughout the joint edge.
  • the patent discloses the strip may be made of flexible, resilient aluminum, and can be affixed mechanically, by means of glue or any other suitable way.
  • the strip may be integrally formed with the strip panel. According to the patent, "at any rate, the strip 6 should be integrated with the panel 1, i.e. , it should not be mounted on the strip panel in connection with laying.”
  • U.S. Patent No. 5,860,266 titled “Method for Joining Building Boards,” discloses a method for laying and mechanically joining rectangular building panels in parallel rows.
  • the patent discloses the following steps: (a) placing a new one of the panels adjacent to a long edge of a previously laid first panel in a first row and to a short edge of a previously laid second panel in an adjacent second row, such that the new panel is in the second row while holding the new panel at an angle relative to a principal plane of the first panel, such that the new panel is spaced from its final longitudinal position relative to the second panel and such that the long edge of the new panel is provided with a locking groove which is placed in contact with a locking strip at the adjacent long edge of the first panel; (b) subsequently angling down the new panel so as to accommodate a locking element of the strip of the first panel in a locking groove of the new panel, whereby the new panel and the first panel are mechanically connected with each other in a second direction with respect to the thus connected long edges
  • the patent states that the strip 6 projects horizontally from a panel and is mounted at the factory on the underside of the panel and extends the entire edge of the panel.
  • strip 6 may be made of flexible, resilient sheet aluminum, and can be affixed mechanically, by means of glue or any other suitable way.
  • other strip material can be used, such as sheets of other metals, as well as aluminum or plastic sections.
  • the patent teaches that the strip 6 may be integrally formed with the strip panel.
  • the patent states that "at any rate, the strip 6 should be integrated with a strip panel, i.e. , it should not be mounted on the strip panel in connection with laying.”
  • Japanese Patent Application No. 56-5347 titled "A Method for Partially Recovering Floor Plates,” discloses floor plates laid on a floor bed with tongue joints engaged with groove joints.
  • the patent teaches a saw is inserted into gap A between both the side floor plates of a floor plate to be replaced and the tongue joints are cut off, thereby connection between the floor plates is cut and the floor plate to be replaced is removed.
  • the patent teaches that the subsequently left tongue joints in the groove joints of the adjacent floor plates are removed. The portion where there were tongue joints before in the floor plates is cut off and groove joints are newly formed.
  • Figure 4 shows a new floor plate and that along both sides of the floor plate are formed relatively shallow and wide slots in relatively deep concaved portions.
  • the bottom of the concaved portion is dented so as to hold a foaming synthetic resin.
  • the new floor plate is then inserted into the position where the removed floor plate was located and at a status wherein the new floor plate is level with the adjacent floor plate.
  • the foaming resin is foamed and hardened.
  • the hardened foaming resin expands into the groove joints to form a tongue joint. It is also noted that the new floor plate in contact with the floor bed is secured by adhesive.
  • Japanese Patent Application No. 1-30691 titled "Floor Plates,” discloses floor plates to be laid on a ground floor characterized by having a thin wooden decorative plate laminated onto the surface layer of a base material in a sheet shape.
  • An engaging protrusion is formed on one side of the base material while an engaging concave portion to which the above engaging protrusion may be engaged is formed on the other end thereof while an engaging concave portion to which the above engaging protrusion may be engaged is formed on the end of the other side thereof.
  • the floor plates include a stopper protrusion formed on one side of the engaging protrusion and on one side of the engaging concave portion. And a stopper concave portion to which the stopper protrusion is engaged is formed on the other side of the engaging protrusion and on the other side of the engaging concave portion.
  • Patentschrift No. 200949 discloses in Figures 1 and 2 flooring panels having four edges wherein two edges include an upper groove for insertion thereunder of an adjacent panel, while the other two edges include an extension including a tooth formed to be inserted under the upper groove portion of an adjacent panel when assembled.
  • Patentschrift No. 1 534 278 discloses in Figures 1-3 to assemble two adjacent structures wherein the first structure includes a groove and a notch for receipt of a corresponding tongue and tooth of an adjacent structure to be connected thereto.
  • Offenlegungsschrift 25 02 992 discloses a flooring panel especially suitable for use in making a temporary floor, as for example, in a camping tent.
  • the flooring panel is disclosed to have a flat thread surface bent back on at least two edges, one of which is given a distinct profile and the other having a fitting counterprofile.
  • These bent sections are preferably on two opposite sides, one being roughly U-shaped with its outer shank and the resultant slot-type opening facing upwards and the counterprofile consisting of a shank at right angles to the thread surface.
  • the patent teaches that such profiles may be provided alternatively, on all four edges of the panel.
  • the panels may be of plastic, and formed in a single piece, corrugated projections underneath preferably of a softer material. As shown in Figure 3, the panels are assembled together using a tongue and groove arrangement.
  • Offenlegungsschrift DE 3041781A1 discloses the inner connection of two panels wherein the panels include a tongue on one edge and a groove in another edge to provide interlocking connections between two panels used especially for constructing a skating rink or skittle alley.
  • the patent discloses at the root of the tongue there are two parallel sides with faced pieces aligned at right angles to the edge of equal thickness.
  • the patent discloses that the groove has two initial parallel sidewalls against which the tongue side face pieces come to rest. It is disclosed that this part of the groove is succeeded by a semi-trapezoidal shaped recess or a fully trapezoidal shaped recess.
  • the tongue may be rounded on the side opposite to its acute-angled side face.
  • Offenlegungsschrift DE 35 44 845 A1 discloses a board used for the manufacture of solid wood panels which consists of glued boards engaging complimentary profiles. Longitudinal edges of the boards have a joint profile which sections extend at an angle to the vertical board edge.
  • the application discloses that the joint profile has two parallel straight sideward displaced upright flanks which are connected at their inner ends via straight transverse flanks.
  • the inward upward flank encloses an acute angle with the board surface, while the other flank forms an obtuse angle with the associated board surface.
  • Upright flanks and transverse flanks enclose acute angles.
  • European Patent Application No. 0248127 titled "A Table Top for a Motor Lorry” discloses a motor lorry table top consisting of a plurality of planks which are fixed to at least two beams forming part of the motor lorry chassis.
  • the planks consist of extruded aluminum and are fixed to the chassis by means of clips with the planks interlocking to secure the planks from relative movement therebetween.
  • Patenttihakemus-Patentansokan 843067 discloses a means for interconnecting adjacent panels wherein the edges of panels to be connected include tongues and grooves. In addition, located to either side of the tongue and groove joint of two connected panels are recesses formed in said panels for receipt of a U-shaped metal clamp means for holding the two panels together at the tongue and groove joint.
  • French Application No. 2 697 275 discloses the formation of a surface from rectangular shaped slabs placed on a flat horizontal surface.
  • the application discloses that the body of the slab has shaped sections on all four sides and that the slabs can be mechanically joined together via a number of ribs running lengthwise along the slab which are shaped so that they slide into a matching groove in the adjacent slab.
  • Figure 2 appears to disclose a member 33 for connecting two adjacent slabs. As shown, the top surface of the member 33 forms a portion of the top wear surface of the resulting floor. This also can be seen in Figure 1 where members 5 and 6 form a portion of the top wear surface.
  • Japanese Application No. 54-65528 shows in Figures 1-3 a particular tongue and groove arrangement for interconnecting two adjacent panels.
  • French Application 2 568 295 discloses a prefabricated flooring system consisting of a series of flat panels which are laid directly on the ground.
  • the panels are made, for example, from a resin compound either containing reinforcing elements or incorporating granules of a durable material such as quartz or carborumdum.
  • the patent discloses that the panels have interlocking joints on all their edges, made in the form of projections and recesses, and the under surface of each panel can be covered with a layer of non-decomposing cellular and flexible material which is able to compensate for irregularities in the surface of the ground.
  • UK Patent Application No. 424,057 discloses a method of constructing a parquet floor which comprises the use of reversible rectangular blocks each having protruding flanges forming sphenoidal grooves on each of its four sides, each groove extending across the whole of the side in which it is situated.
  • the patent teaches the grooves on two co-terminus sides having their mouths facing upwards when the mouths of the other two grooves on the other two sides face downwards, whereby a plurality of such blocks may be built up into a floor covering in which each block is locked on each side which lays contiguous with the side of another such block.
  • the method is stated to also comprise the use of connecting members having flanges adopted to engage beneath the overhanging flanges of two adjacent blocks where a change in direction of laying is required.
  • UK Patent No. 1,237,744 titled “Improved Building Structure,” discloses that it relates to a building structure composed of panels joined at their edges by first tongue and groove connections having elements located in the plane of the building structure as well as by second tongue and groove connections having elements located perpendicular to said plane.
  • UK Patent Application No. 2 117 813A titled "Pivotal Assembly for Simulated Wall Panels,” discloses a joint assembly comprising a pair of strips secured to the edges of the respective panels by folding the outer skins of the panels and by a dovetail joint in the foam insulation material inside the panels.
  • the application discloses the connecting strips provide a curved tongue and groove.
  • the groove strip has a pivotal body of part-cylindrical shape so that one strip can be pivoted relative to the other for a tongue to enter the groove.
  • a locking strip is provided to be inserted into a groove to lock the panels together.
  • UK Patent Application No. 2 256 023A titled “Joint,” discloses a joint between the joining side edges of two similar panels in which one panel has a channel-section recess open towards the front face and the other panel has a rib facing towards the rear face for reception in the recess to restrict separation of the panels to provide a predetermined expansion gap between the adjacent side edges.
  • the application discloses that the panels may be tongue and groove boards for construction of, for example, a door.
  • the application discloses in the figures a particular tongue and groove/notch and tooth joint.
  • Utiengningsskrift No. 157871 discloses in the figures the connection of two adjoining members utilizing a tongue and groove joint at the edges and which includes recesses formed in said panels spaced from the joint for receipt of a U-shaped member for holding the two panels together at the tongue/groove joint.
  • Utlaggningsskrift No, 7114900-9 discloses in Figures 1-3 means for connecting two adjacent members utilizing connection blocks 2, 5 and 9 wherein said blocks form a part of the top wear surface.
  • the application further discloses a U-shaped member for insertion on the backside of the panels to hold the two panels together at the joint where the joint block exists.
  • WO 84/02155 titled “Device for Joining Together Building Boards, Such as Floor Boards,” discloses a device for joining together building boards, such as floor boards, edge surface to edge surface.
  • the application discloses a system wherein the boards comprise a groove in the rear side of each board, the groove running over the entire length of the board parallel to its joining edge, and a substantially U-shaped spring device, the legs of which are each adapted to engage the groove of one board, and which is prestressed so that, upon engagement, the boards are tightly clamped together edge surface to edge surface.
  • Patentschrift 200949 discloses in Figures 1-6 panels for joinder one to another wherein the panels include on two intersecting edges extending tongue strips and on the other intersecting edges an extending groove strip.
  • WO 93/13280 titled “A Device for Joining Floor Boards,” discloses a device for joining floor boards comprising elongated, flat-shaped body with legs adapted to engage a longitudinal groove in each of the joining floor boards.
  • the legs are shaped at a distance from the ends of the plate-shaped body in such a manner that the plate-shaped body supports the boards on each side of the grooves.
  • U.S. Patent No. 3,538,665 titled "Parquet Flooring” discloses a floating parquet flooring comprising rectangular-shaped two-layer flooring units composed of a parquet layer and a backing layer. The bottom face of the backing layer being provided with marginal recesses along the four sides of the unit and a strip of backing layer material being inserted in the space formed by such marginal recesses for bridging the joint between adjacent units.
  • the patent discloses that the backing layer material has a modulus of elasticity in tension not exceeding 5000 kg/cm 2 .
  • Offenlegungsscrift 26 16 077 A discloses a connection web with a flange for connecting plates resting flat on a supporting substrate.
  • the patent application discloses the arrangement is especially useful for connecting prefabricated parquet floor elements.
  • the application discloses that a pliable connection arrangement is provided which replaces rigid connectors such as adhesives or nails.
  • the application states that the system is advantageous because it accommodates expansion and shrinking stresses which thus, prevents cracking. It is stated that the connecting web prevents overlapping of the plate edges on uneven substrates and in use the connection web is loaded in tension when the plates expand. On contraction of the plates, the connection web pulls the plates together and prevents gap formation.
  • French Application No. 1 293 043 discloses in Figures 1-3 a tile having four edges wherein one set of intersecting edges includes a tongue extending therefrom and the other two intersecting edges includes a groove open in the direction of the bottom side of the tile.
  • Figures 4-6 disclose tiles having four edges wherein two intersecting edges include a notch and a groove open toward the top side of the panel and the other two intersecting edges have a notch and a groove open toward the bottom of the panel.
  • Utlaggningsskrift No. 8206934-5 discloses the joining of two panels wherein a tongue and groove arrangement is utilized.
  • the drawings further disclose a U-shaped clip for insertion into the panels on either side of the joint for holding the two panels together at said joint.
  • WO 97/47834 titled “Floor Covering, Consisting of Hard Floor Panels and Methods for Manufacturing Such Floor Panels,” discloses a floor covering consisting of hard floor panels which, at least at the edges of two opposite sides, are provided with coupling parts cooperating with each other.
  • the coupling parts are substantially in the form of tongues and grooves characterized in that the parts are provided with integrated mechanical locking means.
  • the locking means prevent the drifting apart of two coupled floor panels into a direction perpendicular to the related edges and parallel to the underside of the coupled floor panels.
  • WO-A-00 20706 discloses a vertically joined flooring material comprising floor boards, which floor boards are provided with edges which are provided with a groove, a lower side and a decorative top surface.
  • the floor boards are intended to be joined by means of separate joining profiles. All edges are provided with one groove each, which grooves are arranged parallel to its respective edge.
  • the joining profiles are provided with lips arranged in pairs, which lips each are intended to be received by the groove of a floor board guiding and fixing adjacent floor boards horizontally.
  • the joining profile is provided with a central cheek section which is comprised by a first and a second independently resilient cheek.
  • the cheek are provided with one tongue each whereby the tongues are intended to be received by one groove each so that adjacent floor boards are guided in a vertical direction.
  • the object of the invention is to provide for a more flexible interconnecting flooring system in particular when different panel shapes are combined.
  • the present invention is directed to a unique and novel system for easily joining and disjoining a flooring surface, preferably a thin (less than 2.54 cm (an inch) thick) laminate flooring surface of the "floating" type.
  • the system is designed such that additional traditional fastening means are not needed, e.g. , nails, screws, adhesives, tacks, staples, etc. are unnecessary.
  • the present inventive system accomplishes this task without the need of special tools or floor laying experience.
  • the present inventive system accomplishes its advantages utilizing preferably identical joining panels with preferably identical novel edges making assembly easy and flexible, even for the novice.
  • the present inventive system provides a single connecting means for use in relation to all edges of the novel panels -- again, making assembly and disassembly easy.
  • a further advantage of the invention is that the panels may be oriented in any direction (during installation) without the need to mechanically modify a factory produced tongue or groove profile. These panels may be manufactured in a cost-effective manner (no tongue profile to machine). The amount of material (approximately 0.3175 cm (1/8 inch) in width) needed to mechanically create the tongue profile does not have to be machined off. The result is a significant cost reduction due to the elimination of the tooling needed to produce the tongue profile. Also, this results in an additional 0.3175 cm (1/8 inch) net saleable surface area. The material previously machined away to form a tongue profile (approximately 0.3175 cm (1/8 inch) in width) is now machined into a groove profile. The creation of a groove, as opposed to a tongue, yields additional surface area. Greater surface area results in greater revenue because the surface area is available to be sold, rather than machined away and disposed.
  • the system of the present invention also eliminates "seam swell” or “peaking” caused by the typical tongue and groove systems.
  • moisture water
  • the seam profile swells.
  • the tongue profile will grow in size and the groove profile will shrink in size. This causes the entire panel thickness to change (grow in thickness) in the seam area.
  • the result is "peaking" directly above the seam area. Since the present invention uses a connector having flanges to make the joint between two panels, the flange is no longer made of a material that absorbs moisture. Thus, there is no tongue which expands upon absorbing moisture so that "peaking" is no longer a problem when using the present inventive system.
  • the present inventive system is directed to decorative laminate flooring panels, squares, tiles, rectangles, etc. each having a top wear surface, a middle substrate or reinforcing material below the top surface, and optionally, a backing layer surface attached to the middle substrate material for contact with the supporting or existing floor or ground surface.
  • the top wear surface of the panels of the present invention preferably comprises decorative laminates or laminates prepared by heat and pressure consolidation. These panels have been produced commercially for a number of years, and have found widespread acceptance in the building and furniture industry as counter and table tops, bathroom and kitchen work surfaces, wall paneling, partitions and doors.
  • decorative laminates can be described as containing a number of laminae that are consolidated to form a composite or unitary structure carrying a surface decoration which can range from something as simple as a solid color to something as complex as an embossed simulated wood grain finish.
  • a decorative laminate useful in the present invention, generally comprises a plurality of layers of synthetic resin impregnated paper sheets consolidated or bonded together into a unitary structure under heat and pressure.
  • the decorative laminate assembly from the bottom up, consists of a core of one or more sheets impregnated with phenolic resin, above which lies a decorative sheet impregnated with melamine resin and/or an overlay impregnated with melamine resin.
  • the core or base member functions to impart rigidity to the laminate and usually comprises a solid substrate which may or may not be formed prior to the initial laminating step.
  • the sheets of the core member Prior to stacking, the sheets of the core member are impregnated with a water alcohol solution of phenol and formaldehyde or a formaldehyde precursor, dried and partially cured in a hot air oven, and finally cut into sheets.
  • a base or core member include: (1) a plurality of sheets of 90 to 150 pound ream kraft paper impregnated throughout and bonded with a substantially completely cured phenolic resin which has been converted to the thermoset state during the initial laminating step; (2) a precured plastic laminate such as glass fiber-reinforced thermoset polyester resin laminates or the like; (3) a wood product such as hardboard, fiberboard, woodwaste, particle boards, plywood or the like; (4) a mineral base board such as cement-asbestos board, sheet rock, plaster board or the like; (5) plastic impregnated boards; (6) plastic/wood compositions; (7) plastic compositions; (8) closed-cell polyurethane foam, e.g. , RIM foam; (
  • the decorative sheet useful in the panels of the present invention, generally functions to give an attractive appearance to the laminate, and also gives the panel its surface characteristics (i.e. , resistance to chemical agents, to heat, to light, to shock and to abrasion).
  • the decorative sheet typically is a high quality 50 to 125 ream weight, pigment filled, alpha cellulose paper that has been impregnated with a water-alcohol solution of melamine-formaldehyde resin, dried and partially cured, and finally cut into sheets.
  • the decorative sheet may be of a solid color or may comprise a decorative design or pattern, or a photo reproduction of natural materials, such as, wood, marble, leather, etc.
  • the decorative sheet and/or an overlay sheet may be impregnated with melamine resin.
  • the decorative laminate useful in the manufacture of the panels of the present invention is generally obtained by, but not limited to, placing the resin impregnated core and decorative sheets between steel coated, steel, or stainless steel plates and subjecting the laminate stack to temperatures ranging from about 150° F to about 500° F and pressures ranging from about 56.25 kg/cm 2 to about 112.5 kg/cm 2 (800 to about 1600 psi) for a time sufficient to consolidate the laminate and cure the resins (generally about 25 minutes to an hour).
  • This causes the resin in the paper sheets to flow, cure, and consolidate the sheets into a composite or unitary laminated mass referred to in the art as a high pressure decorative laminate (HPDL).
  • HPDL high pressure decorative laminate
  • More than one laminate can be formed at one time by inserting a plurality of assembled sheets in a stack with each assembly being separated by a release sheet which allows the individual laminates to be separated after consolidation.
  • the decorative laminates are further processed and are generally bonded to a reinforcing substrate, such as medium to high density fiber board, wood/plastic compositions, woods, plywood, hardboard, asbestos board, particleboard, ceramics, filled and unfilled plastics, closed-cell rigid foams, or the like. If a cushioning effect is desired, the reinforcing substrate may be comprised of open-cell foam.
  • the decorative laminate useful in the practice of the present invention may also be obtained by placing the resin impregnated core and decorative sheets between steel coated, steel, or stainless steel plates and subjecting the laminate stack to temperatures ranging between about 150 F to about 500° F and pressures ranging below about 800 to about 112.5 kg/cm 2 (1600 psi) for a sufficient time to consolidate the laminate and cure the resins. This causes the resin in the paper sheets to flow, cure, and consolidate the sheets into a composite or unitary laminated mass known in the art as a low pressure decorative laminate (LPDL).
  • LPDL low pressure decorative laminate
  • the reinforcing substrate of the present invention may be prepared from any suitable extrudable thermoplastic, so long as it has the structural and mechanical properties necessary for the end use desired.
  • the substrate have a compression set that is approximately the same or better than conventional medium or high density fiberboard or particle board (wherein compression set is measured in accordance with ASTM F970, as thickness decreases as a function of compressive stress).
  • this thickness decrease at 140.62 kg/cm 2 (2000 psi) is at most 0.254 mm (0.01 inch), more preferably at most 0.127 mm (0.005 inch), and most preferably at most 0:0254 mm (0.001 inch).
  • the reinforcing substrate useful in the practice of the present invention comprises one or more members selected from the group consisting of rigid urethanes (e.g. , RIM foam), poly(acrylonitrile/butadiene/styrene) (hereafter referred to as ABS) resins such as flame retardant ABS resins and glass filled ABS resins; polycarbonate; high impact polystyrene (HIPS), polystyrene, polyphenylene oxide (PPO), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
  • the reinforcing substrate is prepared from a commingled resin system containing, but not limited to, one or more of the above listed polymers.
  • these polymers can be filled or unfilled, although from an impact resistance and physical property standpoint, the filled polymers are best.
  • Preferred fillers include calcium carbonate, talc, silica, glass fibers, alumina and wollastonite, with the more preferred being calcium carbonate and wollastonite, and the most preferred being calcium carbonate.
  • Non-limiting examples of reinforcing agents include inorganic or organic products of high molecular weight, including glass microspheres, glass fibers, asbestos, boron fibers, carbon and graphite fibers, whiskers, quartz and silica fibers, alumina fibers, fused fiber materials and organic fibers. When such conventional ingredients are utilized, they will generally be present in a range from about 0.01 to about 50 weight percent of the total weight of the reinforcing substrate member, preferably in a range from about 1 to about 25 weight percent of the total weight of the member.
  • Additional optional layers may be inserted between the core member and the decorative surface member, on the back of the reinforcing substrate member, or on the decorative surface member. It should be understood that backing layers and/or decorative layers may be coextruded with the reinforcing substrate member, or may be applied after the extrusion step by any suitable method.
  • the panels are preferably water repellant and most preferably substantially waterproof.
  • the present panels include a decorative layer, a substrate, and a backing layer.
  • the decorative layer and the backing layer are respectively bound to the substrate in a conventional manner to form the present panel.
  • the backing layer includes, from bottom up, a hydrophobic waterproof layer and three layers of phenol formaldehyde resin impregnated kraft paper.
  • the top resin impregnated layer of the backing layer is sanded for bonding with the substrate.
  • the hydrophobic waterproof layer may be a DYLARK-like compound.
  • DYLARK is a styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer manufactured by NOVA Chemicals, Inc.
  • DYLARK exhibits outstanding bonding characteristics with the phenolic resin impregnated kraft paper. The excellent bonding characteristics are thought to be a result of the carboxyl groups found on the maleic anhydride of the DYLARK copolymer. The carboxyl groups bind with the phenolic resin to produce a very stable laminate.
  • DYLARK is disclosed as the preferred material for the bottom layer of the backing, other functionally and structurally equivalent polymers may be used without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It is not only desirable to prevent moisture from penetrating the backing layer but also to maintain the original as-manufactured moisture content of the panel to prevent panel warpage.
  • phenol formaldehyde resin impregnated kraft paper is used in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • other resin impregnated papers may be used without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
  • the resin impregnated layers are maintained in the present backing layer to balance the resin impregnated layers commonly found in decorative layers which may be used in conjunction with the backing layer. That is, the resin impregnated layers in the decorative layer and the backing layer similarly expand and contract as a result of temperature to maintain the substantially flat configuration of the flooring panel. If the resin impregnated layers in the backing layer were not included, the decorative panel would expand and contract at a different rate than the backing layer. This would cause the flooring panel to warp in an undesirable manner. As such, it should be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that the phenolic layers may be varied to maintain a balanced relation between the backing and the decorative layers.
  • the substrate is poly(acrylonitrile-c-butadiene-c-styrene) (ABS) foam.
  • ABS poly(acrylonitrile-c-butadiene-c-styrene)
  • the construction of the backing layer and the substrate results in a waterproof flooring panel which is not susceptible to the harmful environmental conditions commonly found in certain environments.
  • the ABS substrate and styrenemaleic anhydride copolymer layer create a moisture barrier which protects the resin impregnated layers from the undesirable effects of moisture.
  • flooring panels are manufactured utilizing techniques known in the art. During manufacturing, panels may be machined to form the appropriate recesses in the edges or preferably, may be manufactured wherein at least two edges have recesses formed therein during manufacture of the panel and thus, reduce the amount of material needed to manufacture the panel.
  • the panel of the present invention may be manufactured utilizing injection molding techniques wherein all edges are formed.
  • the connector of the present invention includes a number of embodiments. However, the embodiments shown in Figs 1-5, 8-13, 23, 24a-24c, and 26a-26b do not form part of the invention but are useful for understanding the invention. Referring now to Figures 1-18, wherein the same numerals are used to identify the components of a connector end views of various embodiments of the connector 1 are shown.
  • the connector 1 comprises a base 2 and an extension 15.
  • the base 2 is a substantially flat portion for resting on the floor or surface to be covered by the assembled panels and connectors.
  • the extension 15 is a projection shaped like a "T" having a vertical support 3 and two horizontal flanges 4 and 5.
  • the support 3 is the vertical portion of the "T” and the flanges 4 and 5 are those portions that extend horizontally at the top of the "T".
  • the connector 1 has ridges 6 and 7 which extend vertically from the base 2 near the distal extremities of the base 2 distant from the center where the support 3 is attached to the base 2.
  • the connector 1 has depressions 8 and 9 in the upper surface of the base 2 immediately adjacent opposite sides of the support 3.
  • some embodiments of the connector 1 have vertically extending projections 10 and 11.
  • a slot 12 is formed in the top of the T-shaped extension 15 between the vertically extending projections 10 and 11.
  • Embodiments of the connector 1 further comprise notches 13 and 14 that are located in the underneath side of the proximal ends of the flanges 4 and 5 where they are connected to the support 3.
  • the system of the present invention comprises a connector 1 having a T-shaped extension and ridges 6 and 7, and the panels having recesses and channels such that two panels can be disengageably interconnected using the connector in a horizontal and vertical fashion without the use of glue or other adhesives.
  • the connector is less than 6.096 mm(.240 inches) in height.
  • the connector of the present invention may be manufactured from materials selected from the group consisting of filled and unfilled plastics, rubbers, wood compositions, ceramics, metals, and combinations thereof.
  • the connector of the present invention is manufactured from metal or plastic.
  • the connector may be manufactured using techniques known in the art, e.g. , the connector is preferably manufactured from aluminum.
  • the panels of the present invention include recesses formed therein shaped to receive a connector such that when the panels are connected, the top visible flooring surface only consists of the top wear surface, i.e., preferably, a decorative layer.
  • the connector projections and panel recesses are formed such that when two panels are joined together using a connector of the present invention, the panels are vertically connected together, i.e., if two panels are connected at their edges, the edges of the opposing panels do not move up or down (vertically) relative to each other and thus, provide a level uniform seam between the two.
  • the panels are engaged against movement relative to each other in the direction of a plane extending vertically from the support surface and perpendicular thereto.
  • the panels and connectors are so shaped to provide a horizontal connection between adjacent panels at their edges, i.e., if two panels are connected at their edges, the edges cannot move any from each other horizontally resulting in a gap between adjacent panels.
  • the panels once connected, the panels are engaged against movement relative to each other in a direction horizontal to the support surface and parallel thereto.
  • the panels of the present invention are necessarily configured, for example, to correspond to these connectors to achieve the advantages of the present invention. It being understood that the panels can be configured to provide an exact fit with the connectors or a non-exact fit, as long as the advantages of the present invention are achieved. For example, where a permanent structure is desired, an embodiment allowing space for glue to accumulate between the panels and the connectors may be appropriate. In addition, when utilizing certain reinforcing substrate materials it might be undesirable for the panels and connectors to fit together exactly, especially when a temporary structure is desired. For example, some space between certain portions of the connector projections and the recesses of the panels can be tolerated as long as the advantages of the invention are achieved, especially a resultant floor having only the top wear surface visible with level uniform seams.
  • the panels are constructed such that they disengageably interconnect with the connectors of the present invention, i.e. , while the connectors and panels are securely connected to perform the function of a flooring surface, the panels can, if desired, be removed by lifting a panel and pulling the panel away from the connector -- disengaging the panel/connector interconnection.
  • the panels of the present invention are constructed such that when connected together utilizing a connector of the present invention, they always form a tight uniform level seam between the panels.
  • the panels are constructed such that the depth of the recess or channel in the bottom surface of each panel is always a certain distance from the top wear surface.
  • these recesses or channels are shaped to receive a protrusion projecting from the base of a connector (preferably a track) to disengageably interconnect two panels together horizontally.
  • a connector preferably a track
  • the panels of the present inventive system range in thickness from about 6.096 mm (.240 inches) to about 8.128 mm (.320 inches). According to another embodiment, the panels are less than 2.54 cm (an inch) thick.
  • the system of the present invention also provides panels which utilize substantially all of the manufactured laminate top wear surface and thus, provides an economic advantage over many prior art systems. Utilizing the system of the present invention, the amount of top wear surface of the panels that needs to be machined to remove any part of the already manufactured and paid for decorative top wear surface is greatly reduced. Substantially all of the manufactured decorative top wear surface is sold to the end user -- eliminating waste experienced in prior art systems. As a result, the total square footage of saleable flooring produced by a plant is increased and costs are reduced.
  • the connectors of the present invention are not fixed to the panels at the factory and thus, no adhesive or other fastening means is required to be applied -- again, reducing material costs, labor costs, and time to manufacture.
  • the panels are manufactured having all of the necessary recesses formed therein utilizing injection molding techniques.
  • the middle reinforcing substrate of the panel is extruded, only two edges have to be machined to form recesses therein -- the other two edges running in machine direction are formed during extrusion.
  • the system of the present invention also provides panels which are less susceptible to damage than prior art tongue and groove systems.
  • the tongues of panels are susceptible to damage during shipping, handling, and even assembly and disassembly. If a tongue is broken off or substantially deformed, it will not be able to engage the groove of an adjacent panel and therefore, is rendered useless.
  • the panels of the present invention do not include tongues -- they only have recesses or grooves formed therein. It is difficult, if not impossible, to damage a recess or groove during shipping, handling, assembly and disassembly. Thus, the panels of the present invention are more durable than many prior art panels.
  • the system of the present invention provides connectors (preferably made from metal) which are fairly tough, and easy and economical to replace, when compared to the cost of a new panel.
  • the present inventive systems substantially reduce, if not eliminate, the risk of damaging a panel to the extent that it is inoperable.
  • the flooring system of the present invention provides a flooring surface which is easy to repair and/or change.
  • the panels of the present inventive system do not require a single directional laying sequence, so that a damaged panel may be removed and replaced by first removing adjacent panels in any direction. Adjacent panels may be removed in a direction having the fewest number of panels, so as to simplify the removal and replacement process.
  • the present inventive system substantially reduces the time and aggravation of removing and replacing panels. Further, since the floor may be constructed in multiple directions, more than one person can construct different portions of a single flooring surface simultaneously. According to one processes for assembly, panels are laid in a central portion of the floor space and panels are added outwardly from the center. This is especially advantageous in relation to the installation of large flooring surfaces, e.g. , retail spaces.
  • the panels of the present inventive system also provide substantially more aesthetic flexibility than prior art panels. For example, since the panels are not right or left handed, i.e. , one or unidirectional, but instead are multidirectional due to each edge being identical, each individual panel can be placed into a flooring surface being constructed in the most eye-appealing manner. Moreover, the panels of the present inventive systems allow for flexibility in designing and constructing parquet-type flooring surfaces. For example, it is known that a panel is usually manufactured wherein the grain runs in the machine direction; however, since the panels of the present invention are multidirectional, the direction of the grain on the flooring surface can be easily alternated to form a parquet floor, or a floor of any grain design.
  • each panel is constructed with grooves on all edges so that any panel portion remaining after completing the floor up to a portion of the end wall is also possibly useable to complete another portion of the floor up to the end wall.
  • the panels of the present inventive system are constructed such that to assemble two panels together it is not necessary to hold one panel at an angle relative to the other panel and angle down the new panel into place.
  • the fact that the panels can be interconnected by forcing two together while they are lying in the same plane is very advantageous in relation to constructing certain portions of flooring surfaces challenged by various physical boundaries, e.g. , the interface between a flooring surface and a fireplace.
  • the preferred embodiment of connector 1 of the present invention is comprised of a base 2, an extension 15, ridges 6 and 7 spaced apart from and on either side of the extension 15 and projecting vertically from base 2.
  • Ridges 6 and 7 are preferably rounded on the top portion as shown, and taper away, i.e., decrease in height as you move away from the center of the base 2 toward the end of said base.
  • the portion of the ridges closest to the center of the base 2 and extension 15 extend the greatest distance vertically.
  • FIG 14. A particularly preferred embodiment of the connector 1 of the present inventive system is shown in Figure 14.
  • the scale of Figure 14 is 9 times actual size. It is also to be understood however, while not shown that base 2 of connector 1 may be constructed such that it does not touch the support structure, i.e., wherein the connector is fully encompassed by the two connecting panels.
  • FIGS. 19A and 19B top and end views, respectively, of a square panel 20 are shown.
  • the panel 20 has a top wear surface 21, a middle substrate 22 and a backing layer surface 23.
  • the panel 20 has four grooves 24 in the middle substrate 22 in each of the four sides of the panel 20.
  • the panel 20 has four channels 25 in the backing layer surface 23 that run parallel to and slightly distanced from each of the four sides of the panel 20.
  • two or more channels 25 are formed in the backing layer surface 23 adjacent to each side of the panel 20.
  • the connector 1 has two or more corresponding ridges (6 or 7) on each side of the connector.
  • a connector is shown in Figure 20A - 20C for joining panels as illustrated in Figures 19A and 19B. Top, end and side views of the connector 1 are shown, respectively.
  • the connector 1 has a base 2 and an extension 15 as previously described.
  • the base 2 has two ridges 6 and 7 on the upper surface.
  • the extension 15 has a support 3 and two flanges 4 and 5.
  • the extension 15 has a slot 12 in its top.
  • the ends of the connector 1 are angled at 45 degrees (see Figure 20A) to create end faces 16. Since the end faces 16 on the same end are each cut at 45 degrees, a 90 degree angle point is formed in the middle of the connector 1 at each end.
  • an assemble section of floor comprises square panels 20 joined to each other by connectors 1.
  • the end faces 16 of two connectors 1 are placed in contact with each other wherein the connectors are secured to adjacent sides of a single panel 20.
  • a benefit of this configuration is that the top wear surfaces of the panels 20 are completely supported by the connectors 1, even at the corners where the connectors 1 meet.
  • some of the panels 20 are manufactured in triangular shapes.
  • Triangle shapes increase the decorative possibilities for the assembled floor covering.
  • One possible arrangement of an assembled portion of floor is shown in Figure 22.
  • different connectors 1 are required to join the triangular panels. They must have end faces cut at 22.5 degrees is some cases and 45 degrees in others.
  • the panels have square, rectangle, triangle, pentagon, hexagon and octagon geometries. According to the assembly systems of the present invention, it is possible to assemble panels having these geometries because the panels and connectors are assembled while the panels are laid flat on the subfloor support.
  • Figure 27 a top view of hexagon panels 20 in a partially assembled floor system are shown. While connectors 1 are used to make the connections between the panels 20, the connectors 1 are not shown for simplicity.
  • the panel 20b is in position for connection to panels 20f and 20g. Since panels 20f and 20g are already assembled, they are laying flat on the subfloor support. Panel 20b is connected by laying panel 20b flat on the subfloor and sliding panel 20b toward panels 20f and 20g.
  • panel 20f and 20g Contact with panels 20f and 20g is made simultaneously and the panel 20b is snapped into mating connection with the connectors (not shown) between the panels.
  • panel 20a is shown in position for connection to panels 20c, 20d and 20e.
  • Panel 20a is placed on the subfloor adjacent the other panels so as to be in the same plane as the other panels. Panel 20a is then slid toward panels 20b, 20c and 20d until contact is made simultaneously with the panels.
  • Figure 18 best illustrates a panel/connector assembly.
  • the panels 20 become attached to the connectors 1 by "snapping" a flange 4, 5 of a connector 1 into a groove 24 of a panel 20. Initial contact is made be inserting flange 4, 5 into a groove 24.
  • the ridge 6, 7 slides across the backing layer surface 23 of the panel.
  • the flange 4, 5 completely extends into the groove 24 and the ridge 6, 7 "snaps" into the channel 25.
  • the base 2 of the connector 1 and the panel 20 remain substantially in the same plane. Since the connectors 1 and panels 20 remain in the same plane during assembly, it is possible to simultaneously connect a panel to multiple other panels. This single-plane, "snap" assembly process enables the use of panels of various geometries, as described above.
  • the panels 20 are joined by two separate types of connectors: longitudinal connectors 30 and transverse connectors 31.
  • the longitudinal connectors 30 span several panels 20 and are therefore much longer than any given panel 20 in the longitudinal direction.
  • the longitudinal connectors 30 are approximately the same length as panels 20 in the longitudinal direction.
  • the transverse connectors 31 are approximately the same length as the width of the panels 20.
  • the transverse connectors 31 extend at right angles between two adjacent, parallel, longitudinal connectors 30.
  • each set of panels 20 extending end to end in the longitudinal direction are offset from each adjacent set of panels running end to end in the longitudinal direction.
  • the assembly is significantly stronger as the joints are more evenly dispersed throughout the assembly. If the ends of all panels were not offset from one row to the next, weaknesses in the floor at a "four corners" area would occur where the adjacent transverse connectors 31 attach to a single longitudinal connector 30. Also for similar reasons, in some embodiments of the invention, the ends of the longitudinal connectors 30 do not coincide with the longitudinal ends of the panels 20 so that the connectors span at least two consecutive panels 20.
  • this transverse connector 31 has a base 2 and an extension 15.
  • the extension 15 is comprised of a support 3 and flanges 4 and 5.
  • the transverse connector 31 further comprises ridges 6 and 7 located at opposite ends of the base 2.
  • a significant feature of the transverse connector 31 is that the extension 15 is longer than the base 2. Thus, at both ends, of the extension 15 extends beyond the base 2.
  • FIG. 25 A view of a transverse connector 31 assembled to two longitudinal connectors 30 is shown in Figure 25.
  • Longitudinal connectors 30 are viewed from the end while the transverse connector 31 is viewed from the side.
  • the longitudinal connectors 30 are in parallel while the transverse connector 31 is positioned between and at right angles to the longitudinal connectors 30.
  • a cutout 32 of the transverse connector 31 is positioned immediately over ridge 7 of the longitudinal connector on the right.
  • the cutout 33 of the transverse connector 31 is immediately over ridge 6 of the longitudinal connector 30 on the left.
  • the extension 15 of the transverse connector 31 extends over portions of the bases 2 of the longitudinal connectors 30.
  • FIGS 26a through 26b top and end views of a rectangular panel are shown.
  • This panel 20 is particularly suited for assembly with the longitudinal and transverse connectors described in Figures 23 through 25. Similar to the previously described panels, this panel has a top wear surface 21, a middle substrate 22, and a backing layer surface 23.
  • the panel 20 also has a groove 24 for mating with the flanges 4 and 5 of the connectors 30 and 31. The groove 24 extends entirely around the perimeter of the panel 20.
  • the panel 20 also has four channels 25 running parallel to each of the four sides of the panel.
  • the channels 25 are cut or formed in the bottom or backing layer surface 23 of the panel 20.
  • the channels 25 extend entirely from side to side of the panel.
  • the channels 25 of the panel 20 are adapted to mate with ridges 6 and 7 of the longitudinal and transverse connectors 30 and 31.

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Claims (10)

  1. Système de plancher interconnectable séparable destiné à former une surface de plancher stratifié temporaire ou permanente sur une structure de support à partir de panneaux de plancher individuels, ledit système comprenant :
    deux panneaux de plancher stratifiés ou plus et au moins un connecteur (1);
    dans lequel les panneaux de plancher comprennent une surface d'usure supérieure, un matériau formant substrat de renfort, une surface inférieure destinée à venir en contact avec la structure de support et au moins trois bords dans lesquels sont formés des évidements identiques destinés à recevoir une projection (3, 4, 5) dudit connecteur, lesdits panneaux comprenant en outre des canaux formés dans leurs surfaces inférieures et conformés pour recevoir des protubérances (6,7) dudit connecteur,
    caractérisé en ce que
       le connecteur comprend une base (2) munie d'une projection (3, 4, 5) s'étendant verticalement à partir de celle-ci, ladite projection ayant une portion de support, une portion gauche et une portion droite (4, 5) chacune s'étendant vers le haut de manière oblique à partir de ladite portion de support, étant ainsi inclinée par rapport à ladite base, dans lequel la surface inférieure de chaque portion gauche et droite comprend une section extrême qui est inclinée, ladite projection étant conformée pour être reçue dans les évidements des bords desdits panneaux de manière à y être connectée de façon séparable, ladite base dudit connecteur comprenant en outre deux protubérances (6,7) s'étendant verticalement de chaque coté de la base à distance de la projection, lesdites protubérances étant conformées pour être reçues dans les canaux de ladite surface inférieure des panneaux de manière à y être connectées de façon séparable, dans lequel la surface de plancher visible résultante ne comprend que la surface d'usure supérieure des panneaux quand les panneaux sont reliés via le connecteur, dans lequel la base comprend des faces d'extrémité (16) ayant deux cotés inclinés à partir du centre de la base, dans lequel chaque coté est incliné selon la moitié de l'angle formé par les deux bords adjacents respectifs du panneau, adjacent à ce coté lorsque ce panneau est relié à ce coté du connecteur.
  2. Sytème selon la revendication 1, dans lequel l'épaisseur des panneaux de plancher stratifiés est comprise entre environ 6,1 mm (0,240 pouce) et environ 8,1 mm (0,320 pouce).
  3. Système selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel le matériau formant substrat de renfort des panneaux est choisi parmi le groupe de matériaux comprenant les panneaux de fibres à densité moyenne, les panneaux de fibres à densité élevée, les compositions bois/plastique, les bois, les céramiques, les plastiques non chargés, les plastiques chargés, les mousses rigides à cellules fermées et des combinaisons de ces matériaux.
  4. Système selon la revendication 1, 2 ou 3, dans lequel le connecteur est formé d'un matériau choisi parmi le groupe comprenant les métaux, les plastiques non chargés, les plastiques chargés, les caoutchoucs, les céramiques, les compositions de bois et des combinaisons de ces matériaux.
  5. Système selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, dans lequel les évidements des bords des panneaux s'étendent sensiblement sur toute la longueur des bords et dans lequel le connecteur est sensiblement de la même longueur entre ses faces extrêmes comme au moins un bord d'un des panneaux.
  6. Système selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, dans lequel la distance de la base du connecteur à la portion verticale la plus haute de la projection est inférieure à environ 6,1 mm (0,240 pouce).
  7. Système selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, dans lequel chaque panneau présente une géométrie choisie parmi le groupe de géométries comprenant le carré, le rectangle, le triangle, le pentagone, l'hexagone et l'octogone.
  8. Système selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, dans lequel l'angle est 45°.
  9. Système selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, dans lequel l'angle est 22,5°.
  10. Système selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, dans lequel l'angle est 60°.
EP01119907A 2000-09-14 2001-08-17 Système de plancher interconnectable, séparable Expired - Lifetime EP1188879B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US66170500A 2000-09-14 2000-09-14
US661705 2000-09-14

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EP1188879A1 EP1188879A1 (fr) 2002-03-20
EP1188879B1 true EP1188879B1 (fr) 2005-04-06

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EP01119907A Expired - Lifetime EP1188879B1 (fr) 2000-09-14 2001-08-17 Système de plancher interconnectable, séparable

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EP (1) EP1188879B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP3663162B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR100486439B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN1236182C (fr)
AR (1) AR030716A1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE292721T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU763968B2 (fr)
BR (1) BR0103833A (fr)
CA (1) CA2354841A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE60109868T2 (fr)
ES (1) ES2240290T3 (fr)
IL (1) IL144689A0 (fr)
MX (1) MXPA01009250A (fr)
NO (1) NO20014440L (fr)
NZ (1) NZ513615A (fr)
SG (1) SG104274A1 (fr)
TW (1) TW577951B (fr)
ZA (1) ZA200107201B (fr)

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US9636892B2 (en) * 2010-05-25 2017-05-02 Dubon Associates, Inc. Thin floor tiles
CN102373783A (zh) * 2010-08-10 2012-03-14 吕锋滨 一种用于电热地板的连接构件
CN102493625B (zh) * 2011-12-21 2014-12-10 张家铭 锁扣式板材连接件及其板材
FR3018838B1 (fr) * 2014-03-21 2016-03-11 Wilfried Andres Systeme de fixation de lattes pour former un sol ou plancher rehausse.
CN104389404A (zh) * 2014-11-05 2015-03-04 东台市张氏木业有限公司 节材型木地板
KR101743242B1 (ko) * 2015-03-31 2017-06-05 (주) 나무들 날개형 고정 클립과 목재 데크의 설치 구조
CN113719065B (zh) * 2016-07-29 2023-04-25 地板工业有限公司 人字形表面装饰材料及其制造方法
NL2019121B1 (en) * 2017-06-26 2019-01-07 Champion Link Int Corp Panel suitable for forming a floor covering, process for producing a panel, use of an adhesive precursor
CN108130999A (zh) * 2018-01-26 2018-06-08 深圳琦石汇科技工程有限公司 复合石材及卡接式复合地板
JP7342021B2 (ja) * 2018-10-25 2023-09-11 株式会社カネカ 建材パネル、および建造物の製造方法
CN111113621B (zh) * 2020-01-21 2021-10-22 商丘师范学院 一种新型绿色建材
CN112523459A (zh) * 2020-11-09 2021-03-19 和湜(上海)建筑科技有限公司 一种室内地面装修方法

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US4461131A (en) * 1982-05-21 1984-07-24 Aar Corporation Panel interconnection system
DE8604004U1 (de) * 1986-02-14 1986-04-30 Balsam Sportstättenbau GmbH & Co. KG, 4803 Steinhagen Demontierbare Sportbodenbelagbahn
EP1098048A1 (fr) * 1999-11-08 2001-05-09 Premark RWP Holdings, Inc. Système de plancher interconnectable, débrayable
WO2001066877A1 (fr) * 2000-03-10 2001-09-13 Perstorp Flooring Ab Elements de plancher assembles verticalement et comprenant une combinaison d'elements differents

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US2697275A (en) * 1952-06-05 1954-12-21 Leigh L Moyle Container opening device
DE3631390A1 (de) * 1986-05-27 1987-12-03 Edwin Kurz Fliese
JPS631390A (ja) * 1986-05-28 1988-01-06 San Marine:Kk 速度制御において速度又は加速度指令を付与する方法
US5182891A (en) * 1990-07-20 1993-02-02 Donald Slocum Raised insulated and water resistant composite flooring material
SE513189C2 (sv) * 1998-10-06 2000-07-24 Perstorp Flooring Ab Vertikalmonterbart golvbeläggningsmaterial innefattande skivformiga golvelement vilka sammanfogas med hjälp av separata sammanfogningsprofiler
SE514645C2 (sv) * 1998-10-06 2001-03-26 Perstorp Flooring Ab Golvbeläggningsmaterial innefattande skivformiga golvelement avsedda att sammanfogas av separata sammanfogningsprofiler

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4461131A (en) * 1982-05-21 1984-07-24 Aar Corporation Panel interconnection system
DE8604004U1 (de) * 1986-02-14 1986-04-30 Balsam Sportstättenbau GmbH & Co. KG, 4803 Steinhagen Demontierbare Sportbodenbelagbahn
EP1098048A1 (fr) * 1999-11-08 2001-05-09 Premark RWP Holdings, Inc. Système de plancher interconnectable, débrayable
WO2001066877A1 (fr) * 2000-03-10 2001-09-13 Perstorp Flooring Ab Elements de plancher assembles verticalement et comprenant une combinaison d'elements differents

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2002138653A (ja) 2002-05-17
DE60109868T2 (de) 2006-02-16
CN1236182C (zh) 2006-01-11
SG104274A1 (en) 2004-06-21
DE60109868D1 (de) 2005-05-12
NZ513615A (en) 2001-09-28
NO20014440L (no) 2002-03-15
BR0103833A (pt) 2002-05-07
KR100486439B1 (ko) 2005-04-29
IL144689A0 (en) 2002-06-30
AU763968B2 (en) 2003-08-07
MXPA01009250A (es) 2002-04-15
EP1188879A1 (fr) 2002-03-20
NO20014440D0 (no) 2001-09-13
AU6358401A (en) 2002-11-14
ZA200107201B (en) 2002-03-06
CA2354841A1 (fr) 2002-03-14
ATE292721T1 (de) 2005-04-15
ES2240290T3 (es) 2005-10-16
JP3663162B2 (ja) 2005-06-22
KR20020021339A (ko) 2002-03-20
AR030716A1 (es) 2003-09-03
CN1343824A (zh) 2002-04-10
TW577951B (en) 2004-03-01

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