EP1187600A1 - Method for enhancing stable cellular creatine concentration - Google Patents
Method for enhancing stable cellular creatine concentrationInfo
- Publication number
- EP1187600A1 EP1187600A1 EP99933496A EP99933496A EP1187600A1 EP 1187600 A1 EP1187600 A1 EP 1187600A1 EP 99933496 A EP99933496 A EP 99933496A EP 99933496 A EP99933496 A EP 99933496A EP 1187600 A1 EP1187600 A1 EP 1187600A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- creatine
- combination
- effervescent
- tablet
- amount
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- CVSVTCORWBXHQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N creatine Chemical compound NC(=[NH2+])N(C)CC([O-])=O CVSVTCORWBXHQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 176
- 229960003624 creatine Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 239000006046 creatine Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 150000003839 salts Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- DRBBFCLWYRJSJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-phosphocreatine Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(C)C(=N)NP(O)(O)=O DRBBFCLWYRJSJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- MEJYXFHCRXAUIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[carbamimidoyl(methyl)amino]acetic acid;hydrate Chemical compound O.NC(=N)N(C)CC(O)=O MEJYXFHCRXAUIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229960004826 creatine monohydrate Drugs 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003826 tablet Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- MBBREGJRSROLGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[carbamimidoyl(methyl)amino]acetic acid;2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid Chemical compound NC(=N)N(C)CC(O)=O.OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O MBBREGJRSROLGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008121 dextrose Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007938 effervescent tablet Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium stearate Chemical compound [Mg+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000017858 Laurus nobilis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000228451 Stevia rebaudiana Species 0.000 claims description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000125380 Terminalia tomentosa Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000005212 Terminalia tomentosa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007911 effervescent powder Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- XMGQYMWWDOXHJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N limonene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1CCC(C)=CC1 XMGQYMWWDOXHJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019359 magnesium stearate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007968 orange flavor Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000028 potassium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000015497 potassium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011736 potassium bicarbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydrogencarbonate Chemical compound [K+].OC([O-])=O TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- HELXLJCILKEWJH-NCGAPWICSA-N rebaudioside A Chemical compound O([C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]([C@@H]1O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1)O)O[C@]12C(=C)C[C@@]3(C1)CC[C@@H]1[C@@](C)(CCC[C@]1([C@@H]3CC2)C)C(=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1)O)[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O HELXLJCILKEWJH-NCGAPWICSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 5
- DDRJAANPRJIHGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N creatinine Chemical compound CN1CC(=O)NC1=N DDRJAANPRJIHGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229940109239 creatinine Drugs 0.000 description 8
- 229950007002 phosphocreatine Drugs 0.000 description 8
- 230000009469 supplementation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000003734 kidney Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZKHQWZAMYRWXGA-KQYNXXCUSA-J ATP(4-) Chemical compound C1=NC=2C(N)=NC=NC=2N1[C@@H]1O[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O ZKHQWZAMYRWXGA-KQYNXXCUSA-J 0.000 description 2
- ZKHQWZAMYRWXGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Adenosine triphosphate Natural products C1=NC=2C(N)=NC=NC=2N1C1OC(COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O)C(O)C1O ZKHQWZAMYRWXGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108010078791 Carrier Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000037406 food intake Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000004185 liver Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000000496 pancreas Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000002027 skeletal muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000002407 ATP formation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004475 Arginine Substances 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 102000014914 Carrier Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004471 Glycine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000282412 Homo Species 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000783 alginic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229960001126 alginic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000004781 alginic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N arginine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCCNC(N)=N ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013367 dietary fats Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021245 dietary protein Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002255 enzymatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013355 food flavoring agent Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000003599 food sweetener Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N guanidine group Chemical group NC(=N)N ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000005260 human cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000968 intestinal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002503 metabolic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940101532 meted Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000663 muscle cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003765 sweetening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002485 urinary effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Definitions
- TITLE METHOD FOR ENHANCING STABLE
- Creatine oral supplementation has been used in the prior art to increase creatine and creatine phosphate (also called phosphocreatine) stores, which are needed for high energy phosphorus metabolism. Creatine, along with dietary carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and other compounds, is a central component of the metabolic system, and is involved in the provision of energy for work and exercise performance. Phosphocreatine helps provide Adenosine TriPhosphate (ATP) during short bursts of high intensity exercise, and it has been found that the depletion of phosphocreatine has been associated with the onset of fatigue. It has been recently discovered that the phosphocreatine pool in skeletal muscle is expandable. This has led to the oral supplementation of creatine and phosphocreatine to increase the levels of these components in muscle, to thereby enhance exercise performance during intermittent activities which require strength and power.
- ATP Adenosine TriPhosphate
- Creatine is synthesized from amino acids in the liver, pancreas and kidney, by the transfer of the guanidine moiety of arginine to glycine, which is then methylated to form creatine. Creatine, which is synthesized in the liver, pancreas and kidney, is released into the bloodstream and actively taken up by the muscle cells, using the Na+ gradient. Oral creatine is absorbed, unchanged, from the intestinal lumen and passes directly into the bloodstream. The cellular creatine concentration is determined by specific transporters, which transport creatine into the cell against its concentration gradient.
- the creatine transport protein has an increased affinity for creatine and concentrates creatine within the cell. Once inside the cell, very little creatine is lost (approximately 2 grams per day in a 70 kg male). Based upon this information, it follows that small increases of plasma creatine (which can occur with creatine supplementation) result in increased transport activity.
- the loss of creatine from skeletal muscle is typically about 3% per day, which closely matches the amount of creatinine produced non-enzymatically by living human muscle.
- the main mechanism by which creatine is lost is the conversion of creatine to creatinine, which is an irreversible non-enzymatic process.
- creatine lost from a cell is considered to be negligible, and the concentration of creatine in the cell is not at risk of depletion by virtue of exercise.
- the main advantage of creatine administration is in the fact that cellular creatine concentration is stable and not prone to being lost.
- creatine monohydrate The most commonly used creatine supplement for oral consumption is creatine monohydrate. Creatine monohydrate supplementation at a dosage of 20 grams per day for a 5 day period has been the standard used during most studies in humans. Conventionally, creatine monohydrate is dissolved in approximately 300 milliliters of warm to hot water, the increased water temperature thereby increasing the solubility of creatine monohydrate. It has been found that creatine is not decomposed in the alimentary tract after oral administration, since there is no appreciable increase in urinary urea or ammonia. The results obtained for the conversion of retained creatine to creatinine have led researchers to believe that creatine is completely absorbed from the alimentary tract, then carried to the tissues, and thence either stored in the tissues or immediately rejected and eliminated by way of the kidneys.
- Still another object is to provide a creatine oral supplement which is highly soluble, absorbable, and provides consistent, uniform, and accurate delivery of the creatine to the human cells.
- the method for enhancing a stable concentration of cellular creatine in a human includes dissolving an effervescent containing an acidic edible salt form of creatine in water. Once the tablet has completely dissolved, the solution is ingested, and an effective amount of creatine is absorbed.
- the effervescent is in tablet form and contains creatine in the form of an edible salt, a mixture of acids and sodium bicarbonate, which release carbon dioxide when dissolved in the water.
- creatine may be uniformly and accurately dispensed when completely dissolved in liquid. More specifically, the creatine has been created in the form of an effervescent in tablet or granular powder form which reduces the pH of water to thereby increase the solubility of the creatine in the liquid.
- Creatine monohydrate as used in the prior art, has a neutral pH which does not readily dissolve in water or other neutral pH liquids.
- the increase in solubility gives a much more uniform absorption of the creatine after ingestion.
- an effervescent tablet, or packet of premeasured effervescent powder assures complete and uniform dispersal of the creatine in the water, by virtue of the lowering of the pH of the liquid, and the effervescence of the liquid.
- the soluble effervescent will contain mixtures of acids (including but not limited to citric acid and/or tartaric acid) and sodium bicarbonate, which releases carbon dioxide when dissolved in water.
- the chemical formula of creatine is C4 H9 N3 02, and has a molecular weight 131.13.
- Prior art powder forms of creatine utilize creatine monohydrate in water, having a chemical formula of C4 H9 N3 02 H20.
- Creatine monohydrate becomes anhydrous at 100°F, and has a neutral reaction to litmus.
- One gram of creatine monohydrate dissolves in 75 ml of water, about 9 liters of alcohol, and is insoluble in ether.
- creatinine is formed. While aqueous and alkaline solutions contain an equilibrium mixture of creatine and creatinine, it has been found that in an acid solution, the formation of creatinine is complete.
- the method of the present invention relies upon the combination of creatine within an effervescent to create an acid solution which is ingested by the consumer.
- the effervescent lowers the pH to form an acid solution, whereby the creatine will completely and uniformly dissolve.
- the invention includes a soluble effervescent containing creatine, an acid, or mixture of acids, and a bicarbonate for releasing carbon dioxide when dissolved in a neutral pH liquid, such as water.
- creatine citrate is utilized, while other acidic edible salt forms of creatine may be utilized, including creatine phosphate (C4 H10 N3 05P, which may include either a sodium salt or a calcium salt) or creatine monohydrate.
- the effervescent ingredients preferably utilize a mixture of acids, including citric acid and/or tartaric acid. Either sodium bicarbonate or potassium bicarbonate may be utilized for the release of carbon dioxide.
- Either sodium bicarbonate or potassium bicarbonate may be utilized for the release of carbon dioxide.
- starch cellulose, alginic acid or other disintegrating agents
- stearic acid or other lubricants for tablet compression
- flavoring agents either natural or synthetic
- the effervescent is preferably in the form of a tablet, it may also be utilized in granular/powder form.
- the effervescent must be stored in a tightly closed container or other moisture-proof package, since water or other liquids will activate the effervescent. This is beneficial, because it permits a predetermined, premeasured amount of creatine and effervescent to be meted out within a package. In this way, the consumer will always receive the exact dosage of creatine desired, whether in tablet form or granular/powder form.
- creatine which has been found to accomplish the objectives of the present invention is manufactured in a 2.59 tablet with creatine citrate, with the following composition: sodium carbonate 50.0 mg sodium bicarbonate 1000.0 mg citric acid 1200.0 mg dextrose 1200.0 mg creatine citrate 2500.0 mg sodium laurel sulfate 5.0 mg stevia (herbal sweetener) 25.0 mg magnesium stearate 10.0 mg natural orange flavor 125.0 mg
- the amounts of bicarbonate and carbonate may vary by as much as
- the initial step in the method of the invention is to open a moisture-proof package containing the effervescent creatine and dispense it into a glass of water or other pH neutral liquid. Once the effervescent creatine has completely dissolved, the solution should be swallowed immediately. As noted above, an acidic aqueous solution will eventually cause the creatine to completely convert to creatinine. While this conversion typically takes a number of hours, the longer the consumer waits to ingest the solution, the smaller the amount of beneficial creatine (and the greater the amount of undesirable creatinine) that will be present in the solution.
- the solution is ingested within 15 minutes of being completely dissolved in the liquid.
Landscapes
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US1999/012597 WO2000074647A1 (en) | 1997-03-31 | 1999-06-07 | Method for enhancing stable cellular creatine concentration |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1187600A1 true EP1187600A1 (en) | 2002-03-20 |
Family
ID=22272903
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP99933496A Withdrawn EP1187600A1 (en) | 1999-06-07 | 1999-06-07 | Method for enhancing stable cellular creatine concentration |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1187600A1 (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JP2003501374A (enExample) |
| AU (1) | AU4954199A (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TW200538738A (en) | 2004-02-20 | 2005-12-01 | Univ California | Molecular flux rates through critical pathways measured by stable isotope labeling in vivo, as biomarkers of drug action and disease activity |
| EP2753707A4 (en) | 2011-09-08 | 2015-03-04 | Univ California | METABOLIC FLOW MEASUREMENT, IMAGING AND MICROSCOPY |
| ES2668678T3 (es) * | 2011-12-07 | 2018-05-21 | Glaxosmithkline Llc | Procedimiento de determinación de la masa muscular esquelética corporal total |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19537494C2 (de) * | 1995-09-25 | 1997-10-02 | Desitin Arzneimittel Gmbh | Kreatin zum Schutz von neuralem Gewebe |
-
1999
- 1999-06-07 JP JP2001501184A patent/JP2003501374A/ja active Pending
- 1999-06-07 AU AU49541/99A patent/AU4954199A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-06-07 EP EP99933496A patent/EP1187600A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO0074647A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2003501374A (ja) | 2003-01-14 |
| AU4954199A (en) | 2000-12-28 |
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