EP1185994A1 - Commutateur electrique - Google Patents

Commutateur electrique

Info

Publication number
EP1185994A1
EP1185994A1 EP00949085A EP00949085A EP1185994A1 EP 1185994 A1 EP1185994 A1 EP 1185994A1 EP 00949085 A EP00949085 A EP 00949085A EP 00949085 A EP00949085 A EP 00949085A EP 1185994 A1 EP1185994 A1 EP 1185994A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contact
slide
shield
switching
switch
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP00949085A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1185994B1 (fr
Inventor
Alois Schäffeler
Alfons Steidle
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Marquardt GmbH
Original Assignee
Marquardt GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Marquardt GmbH filed Critical Marquardt GmbH
Publication of EP1185994A1 publication Critical patent/EP1185994A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1185994B1 publication Critical patent/EP1185994B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/32—Insulating body insertable between contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H19/00—Switches operated by an operating part which is rotatable about a longitudinal axis thereof and which is acted upon directly by a solid body external to the switch, e.g. by a hand
    • H01H19/54—Switches operated by an operating part which is rotatable about a longitudinal axis thereof and which is acted upon directly by a solid body external to the switch, e.g. by a hand the operating part having at least five or an unspecified number of operative positions
    • H01H19/60—Angularly-movable actuating part carrying no contacts
    • H01H19/635—Contacts actuated by rectilinearly-movable member linked to operating part, e.g. by pin and slot
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/02—Bases, casings, or covers
    • H01H9/06—Casing of switch constituted by a handle serving a purpose other than the actuation of the switch, e.g. by the handle of a vacuum cleaner

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrical switch according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such electrical switches are used in particular as mains switches in electrical hand tools.
  • high currents for example a direct current of 130 amperes or greater, can flow, so that an arc occurs at the contacts when the device is switched off. The occurrence of arcs can destroy the switch, which must be prevented for electrical safety reasons.
  • an electrical switch for high currents which is provided with means for extinguishing an arc.
  • This switch has a contact system consisting of a fixed contact and a switch contact.
  • An actuator acts on the switching contact to trigger a switching process between an open and an on position of the contact system.
  • the means assigned to the contact system and designed in the manner of a / shield for extinguishing an arc which arises between the fixed contact and the switching contact during the switching process can be moved coupled to the switching contact.
  • the shield is moved from the on to the off position in the area between the fixed contact and the switching contact during the switching operation of the switching contact and by during the switching operation of the switching contact the off to the on position from the area between the fixed contact and the switching contact.
  • the shield moves downward, so that the shield is in the on position below the fixed contact.
  • the housing has a bulge in this area.
  • this bulge in the housing of the switch can be disruptive.
  • the coupling between the switching contact and the shield is complex, with a complex sequence of movements of the shield resulting when switching between the off and on position. This forces high precision in the manufacture of the parts for the shield, which ultimately increases the manufacturing costs for the switch.
  • the invention has for its object to further develop the shield such that the housing for the switch can be further reduced.
  • the actuating member is operatively connected to a movable slide, the switch contact being arranged on the slide.
  • the shield is hinged on one side to the slide and is assigned to the switching contact as a shielding element on the other side.
  • the shielding element can be moved with the slide in and out of the area between the switching contact and the fixed contact and acts in the manner of an extinguishing shield when an arc occurs.
  • the slide located in the housing of the switch can be essentially linearly movable, which ensures a simple type of coupling between the shield and the switch contact.
  • an elastic element is also arranged in the slide.
  • the shield is designed as a two-armed lever element.
  • the first lever arm of the lever element is articulated on the slide and the second lever arm is assigned to the switching contact as the actual shielding element.
  • the two-armed lever element can have an approximately C-shaped or crescent shape. It is useful that the housing of the switch from a lower housing part for receiving the slide, the contact system and. Like. And an upper housing part in the manner of a lid. In this case, the pivot point of the two-armed lever element can be mounted inside the housing, in particular on the lower housing part.
  • the guide link can consist of a first guide surface facing the switch contact and an adjoining second guide surface facing away from the switch contact.
  • the first guide surface is designed in the manner of an inclined plane which extends obliquely to the direction of movement of the slide, while the second guide surface extends approximately in the direction of the movement of the slide.
  • the lower housing part there is a recess for receiving at least part of the second lever arm of the shield in the on position of the contact system.
  • the recess also serves to receive part of the first lever arm of the shield in the off position of the contact system.
  • At least one side surface can be arranged on the second lever arm serving as a shielding element, such that the shielding element forms a type of cap. The cap then largely covers the surface of the switching contact facing the fixed contact in the off position. Lateral evasion of the arc is definitely prevented in this embodiment.
  • the switch according to the invention has a contact system with two fixed contacts and a switching contact designed as a bridging contact and provided with two contact surfaces.
  • the shield consists of two lever elements arranged side by side and assigned to the respective contact surface.
  • the two lever arms of the lever elements of the shield can be connected to one another at their pivot point via a common shaft.
  • the shaft expediently has protruding ends at the fulcrum of the lever elements, the two ends of the shaft each being rotatably mounted in a receptacle in the lower housing part.
  • two opposite approaches on the slide, each with a guide link can be arranged such that the bolt on the first lever arm of each lever element engages in the guide link.
  • the switch is reliable before its contact system is destroyed by the action of an arc is protected. Any arcing that may occur is extinguished within a short time and the contacts of the contact system are therefore effectively prevented from burning. This significantly increases the service life of the switch.
  • the electrical switch is particularly suitable for high currents and can therefore be used in high-performance power tools.
  • the switch can be used for electric motors operated with direct voltage, where, unlike in the zero crossing with alternating voltage, there is no automatic extinction of an arc.
  • the switch can also be used as a brake switch for power tools with short-circuit braking, where particularly high direct currents occur when switching off due to the short-circuited electric motor acting as a generator.
  • the switch is generally compact and small, making the switch particularly suitable for narrow, ergonomic handles of power tools.
  • the shielding is simple, so that no particular precision is necessary in the manufacture of the parts for the shielding.
  • only a small additional number of parts is required for the switch with increased functionality. As a result, only slightly higher manufacturing costs for the switch are incurred despite improved performance.
  • Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal section through an electrical
  • FIG. 2 shows an enlarged section of the
  • Fig. 3 shows a longitudinal section through the electrical
  • Fig. 4 shows an enlarged section of the
  • an electrical switch 1 can be seen, which can be used as a power switch in a handheld power tool, such as an angle grinder, a drill, a circular saw or the like.
  • the electric hand tool contains an electric motor that is operated, for example, by means of direct current.
  • the switch 1 has a housing 2, which consists of a lower housing part 14 in the manner of a base and an upper housing part 15 in the manner of a cover. At least one contact system 3 is arranged in the interior of the housing 2. In the present case, the switch 1 contains two contact systems 3, 3a for switching two current paths.
  • the contact system 3, 3a consists of a fixed contact 4, which is attached to an electrical connection 29 serving for connection to electrical leads in the power tool, and a switch contact 5.
  • the contact system 3, 3a each with two fixed contacts 4, 4 'and a switching contact 5 designed as a bridging contact and provided with two contact surfaces 24, 24', as can be seen from FIG. 5.
  • An actuating member 6 arranged on the housing 2 acts on the switch contact 5 to trigger a switching process between an open and an open position of the contact system 3, 3a.
  • the actuator 6 is operatively connected to a substantially linearly movable slide 8 located in the housing 2, in that a plunger 30 of the slide 8 protruding from the housing 2 is articulated on the actuator 6.
  • the slider 8, the contact system 3, 3a and possibly other parts of the switch 1 are accommodated in the lower housing part 14.
  • the slider 8 and the plunger 30 contain springs 31, 32 and a further pressure point spring, not shown, so that the slider 8 switches with a type of snap movement between the two positions of the contact system 3, 3a.
  • the switch contact 5 is in turn arranged with an elastic element 11 on the underside of the slide 8, as can be seen in FIG. 1 or 3.
  • an elastic element 11 on the underside of the slide 8, as can be seen in FIG. 1 or 3.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 The contact system 3 in the off position, in which the switching contact 5 is removed from the fixed contact 4, can be seen in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the contact system 3 of the switch 1 If electric motors are operated at high power, correspondingly high currents flow through the contact system 3 of the switch 1 in the on position. For example, up to approximately 120 amperes of direct current can flow in the case of angle grinders with a power of 2.3 kilo watts.
  • the electric motor is switched off, that is to say when the contact system 3 is switched to the off position, an arc arises between the switching contact 5 and the fixed contact 4, which can lead to contact erosion.
  • the contact system 3 is configured in the manner of a shield 7 to extinguish an arc which arises between the fixed contact 4 and the switching contact 5 during the switching process.
  • the shield 7 can be moved coupled to the switch contact 5. As can be seen in FIG. 2 or 4, the shielding 7 is articulated on the slide 8 with one side 9 for coupling and is assigned to the switching contact 5 with the other side 10 as a shielding element. Because of this coupling, the shield 7 is moved during the switching operation of the stop contact 5 from the on position according to FIG. 4 to the off position according to FIG. 2 in the area between the fixed contact 4 and the switching contact 5, so that the arc is displaced or is interrupted and finally goes out. In the reverse switching process of the switching contact 5 from the off position according to FIG. 2 to the on position corresponding to FIG. 4, the shield 7 is moved out of the area between the fixed contact 4 and the switching contact 5.
  • the shield 7 is designed as a two-armed lever element 28.
  • the two-armed lever element of the shield 7 preferably has an approximately C-shaped or crescent-shaped shape in the manner of a toggle lever.
  • One first lever arm 12 is articulated on the slide 8, while the other second lever arm 13 is assigned to the switching contact 5 as the actual shielding element.
  • At least one side surface 23 can be arranged on the second lever arm 13 serving as a shielding element, which can be seen particularly clearly in FIG. 4, so that the shielding element then forms a type of cap.
  • This cap largely covers the contact surface 24 of the switching contact 5 facing the fixed contact 4 in the off position according to FIG. 2, thus preventing the arc from escaping sideways.
  • the fulcrum 16 of the two-armed lever element 28 of the shield 7 is rotatably mounted in a receptacle 27 in the interior of the housing 2, specifically on the lower housing part 14.
  • the slide 8 has a guide link 17, which can be located in a projection 18 arranged on the slide 8 and visible in FIG. 5.
  • the guide link can also be located directly in the slide 8, but this is not shown in more detail.
  • a bolt 19 attached to the first lever arm 12 of the shield 7 engages in the guide link 17, so that the shield 7 can be positively guided with the slide 8.
  • the guide link 17 itself consists of a first guide surface 20 facing the switch contact 5, designed in the manner of an inclined plane, and a second guide surface 21 adjoining it, facing away from the switch contact 5 the second Guide surface 21 extends approximately in the direction of the movement of the slide 8.
  • the guide link 17 thus has approximately the shape of a boomerang.
  • the recess 22 serves for receiving at least part of the second lever arm 13 of the shield 7 designed as a shielding element in the on position of the contact system 3, as shown in FIG. 4 can be seen. 2 that the recess 22 also serves to receive part of the first lever arm 12 of the shield 7 in the off position of the contact system 3.
  • the shield 7 consists of two lever elements 28, 28' arranged next to one another and assigned to the respective contact surface 24, 24 '.
  • FIG. 5 Such an embodiment is shown in more detail in FIG. 5 as an explosive representation for the slide 8 and the shield 7.
  • the two lever elements 28, 28 ' are connected to one another at their pivot point 16 via a common shaft 25.
  • the shaft 25 furthermore has ends 26 projecting at the fulcrum 16 of the lever elements 28, 28 ', the two ends 26 of the shaft 25 each being rotatably mounted in a receptacle 27 indicated in FIG. 2 or 4 in the lower housing part 14.

Landscapes

  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
  • Slide Switches (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un commutateur (1) électrique, destiné en particulier aux outils à main électriques, équipés d'un moteur électrique fonctionnant en courant continu. Le commutateur comporte un système de contacts (3) composé d'un contact permanent (4) et d'un contact de commutation (5), ce contact de commutation (5) étant monté sur un curseur (8) mobile. Un organe de commande(6), relié au curseur (8), agit sur le contact de commutation (5) afin d'actionner le processus de commutation pour passer de la position d'arrêt à la position de mise en marche du système de contacts (3). Le système de contacts (3) comporte des moyens d'extinction d'un arc électrique se produisant entre le contact permanent (4) et le contact de commutation (5) lors de la commutation, lesdits moyens se présentant sous la forme d'un blindage (7). Ce blindage (7) peut être déplacé en étant couplé avec le contact de commutation (5) de telle manière, qu'il soit déplacé dans la zone située entre le contact permanent (4) et le contact de commutation (5) lors de la commutation du contact de commutation (5) pour passer de la position de mise en marche à la position d'arrêt, et qu'il soit déplacé hors de la zone située entre le contact permanent (4) et le contact de commutation (5) lors de la commutation du contact de commutation (5) pour passer de la position d'arrêt à la position de mise en marche. A cet effet, un côté du blindage (7) est articulé sur le curseur (8), et l'autre côté sert d'élément de blindage pour le contact de commutation (5).
EP00949085A 1999-06-17 2000-06-09 Commutateur electrique Expired - Lifetime EP1185994B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19927628 1999-06-17
DE19927628 1999-06-17
PCT/DE2000/001921 WO2000079552A1 (fr) 1999-06-17 2000-06-09 Commutateur electrique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1185994A1 true EP1185994A1 (fr) 2002-03-13
EP1185994B1 EP1185994B1 (fr) 2003-02-05

Family

ID=7911540

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP00949085A Expired - Lifetime EP1185994B1 (fr) 1999-06-17 2000-06-09 Commutateur electrique

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US6630640B1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1185994B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN1208794C (fr)
DE (2) DE10026156A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2000079552A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6812425B1 (en) * 2003-11-24 2004-11-02 Defond Components Limited Locking trigger switch mechanism
US8872049B2 (en) 2012-04-18 2014-10-28 Milwaukee Electric Tool Corporation Trigger lock-on lock-off mechanism
JP6004226B2 (ja) * 2012-09-13 2016-10-05 パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 トリガスイッチ及び電動工具

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE31429C (de) 1883-03-02 1885-05-13 J. H. COHRS in Hamburg Einrichtung, um die im Patent Nr. 23975 geschützten Trockenkammern in Verbindung mit Oefen überhaupt oder anderen Wärmequellen anzuwenden
US4149053A (en) * 1976-10-26 1979-04-10 Cutler-Hammer, Inc. Safety disconnect electric switch
JPH0621153Y2 (ja) * 1988-03-15 1994-06-01 オムロン株式会社 トリガースイツチ
US5401928A (en) * 1993-06-07 1995-03-28 Kelley; William J. Safety control for power tool
DE19726402B4 (de) * 1997-06-21 2009-03-05 Marquardt Gmbh Elektrischer Schalter
DE19930558A1 (de) * 1998-07-24 2000-01-27 Marquardt Gmbh Elektrischer Schalter

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO0079552A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2000079552A1 (fr) 2000-12-28
US6630640B1 (en) 2003-10-07
CN1208794C (zh) 2005-06-29
DE50001212D1 (de) 2003-03-13
CN1357150A (zh) 2002-07-03
DE10026156A1 (de) 2001-01-04
EP1185994B1 (fr) 2003-02-05

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