EP1185833A1 - Torche a plasma incorporant un fusible d'amorcage reactif et tube allumeur integrant une telle torche - Google Patents
Torche a plasma incorporant un fusible d'amorcage reactif et tube allumeur integrant une telle torcheInfo
- Publication number
- EP1185833A1 EP1185833A1 EP01919602A EP01919602A EP1185833A1 EP 1185833 A1 EP1185833 A1 EP 1185833A1 EP 01919602 A EP01919602 A EP 01919602A EP 01919602 A EP01919602 A EP 01919602A EP 1185833 A1 EP1185833 A1 EP 1185833A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- plasma torch
- fuse
- torch according
- mass
- conductive material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 38
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 25
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229930040373 Paraformaldehyde Natural products 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- MIZLGWKEZAPEFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-trifluoroethene Chemical group FC=C(F)F MIZLGWKEZAPEFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- FPBWSPZHCJXUBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-1-fluoroethene Chemical group FC(Cl)=C FPBWSPZHCJXUBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920001004 polyvinyl nitrate Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001038 ethylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012779 reinforcing material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002449 FKM Polymers 0.000 description 1
- OLRXHZHVFRYMHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[K+].[B+3].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-] Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[K+].[B+3].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-] OLRXHZHVFRYMHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002679 ablation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000615 nonconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B5/00—Cartridge ammunition, e.g. separately-loaded propellant charges
- F42B5/02—Cartridges, i.e. cases with charge and missile
- F42B5/18—Caseless ammunition; Cartridges having combustible cases
- F42B5/181—Caseless ammunition; Cartridges having combustible cases consisting of a combustible casing wall and a metal base; Connectors therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B27/00—Compositions containing a metal, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium or mixtures, intercompounds or hydrides thereof, and hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B33/00—Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B45/00—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product
- C06B45/12—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product having contiguous layers or zones
- C06B45/14—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product having contiguous layers or zones a layer or zone containing an inorganic explosive or an inorganic explosive or an inorganic thermic component
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06C—DETONATING OR PRIMING DEVICES; FUSES; CHEMICAL LIGHTERS; PYROPHORIC COMPOSITIONS
- C06C9/00—Chemical contact igniters; Chemical lighters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06D—MEANS FOR GENERATING SMOKE OR MIST; GAS-ATTACK COMPOSITIONS; GENERATION OF GAS FOR BLASTING OR PROPULSION (CHEMICAL PART)
- C06D5/00—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets
- C06D5/06—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets by reaction of two or more solids
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B5/00—Cartridge ammunition, e.g. separately-loaded propellant charges
- F42B5/02—Cartridges, i.e. cases with charge and missile
- F42B5/08—Cartridges, i.e. cases with charge and missile modified for electric ignition
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
- F42C19/00—Details of fuzes
- F42C19/08—Primers; Detonators
- F42C19/0803—Primers; Detonators characterised by the combination of per se known chemical composition in the priming substance
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
- F42C19/00—Details of fuzes
- F42C19/08—Primers; Detonators
- F42C19/0811—Primers; Detonators characterised by the generation of a plasma for initiating the charge to be ignited
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
- F42C19/00—Details of fuzes
- F42C19/08—Primers; Detonators
- F42C19/0823—Primers or igniters for the initiation or the propellant charge in a cartridged ammunition
- F42C19/0826—Primers or igniters for the initiation or the propellant charge in a cartridged ammunition comprising an elongated perforated tube, i.e. flame tube, for the transmission of the initial energy to the propellant charge, e.g. used for artillery shells and kinetic energy penetrators
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
- F42C19/00—Details of fuzes
- F42C19/08—Primers; Detonators
- F42C19/12—Primers; Detonators electric
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/52—Generating plasma using exploding wires or spark gaps
Definitions
- the technical field of the invention is that of plasma torches and more particularly torches used to ignite a propellant charge of an ammunition.
- a plasma torch is a system which makes it possible to generate gases at high pressure (of the order of 500 MPa) and at high temperature (greater than 10,000 K) from a high voltage electrical discharge (from 20 kV) caused between two electrodes.
- Plasma torches are used in industry to cut conductive materials, for example, or to destroy certain products or materials, or to make metallic deposits. They are also used in the armament field to generate pressure allowing the firing of a projectile.
- Known plasma torches comprise an anode and a cathode separated by a capillary tube made of a material which is both electrical insulator and capable of decomposing to generate a plasma (for example a plastic material).
- the electrical discharge between anode and cathode is started by means of a copper or other conductive material fuse.
- the electric arc thus created causes a plasma which ablates the wall of the capillary tube, which causes the generation of light gases at high pressure and high temperature.
- These gases are used either to directly accelerate a projectile or to vaporize a working fluid (for example water) which makes it possible to increase the volume of gas.
- a working fluid for example water
- a drawback of known plasma torches is the fragility of the fusible wire enabling the plasma to be primed.
- Such a fusible wire has a diameter of 0.1 to 0.5 mm. It is likely to rupture as a result of thermal and mechanical stresses (vibration, shocks) that occur during the storage or implementation phases of the ammunition elements.
- a plasma torch comprising a fuse made in the form of a porous aluminum tube. It may possibly contain an energetic fluid which is then dispersed with the plasma through the propellant charge.
- This fuse occupies a large volume and requires a certain level of energy to vaporize and strike a plasma arc. This results in difficulties in integrating such a torch in a combat vehicle where the electrical energy resources are necessarily reduced. It is the object of the invention to overcome such drawbacks.
- the torch according to the invention has improved resistance to mechanical stress which increases its reliability.
- it is simple in structure and can be manufactured at lower cost.
- the torch according to the invention incorporates a fuse of reduced mass and requiring a reduced energy level to be vaporized.
- this fuse combines at least one conductive material and at least one energetic or reactive material, that is to say capable of reacting with the conductive material. These materials are associated:
- the flame thus produced is a conductive medium which allows the arc between the torch electrodes to be maintained with a minimum supply voltage (of the order of 1000 volts for 10 cm air gap, while known torches operate between 10 KV and 30 KV for 10 cm air gap).
- the torch according to the invention can be produced without difficulty with very different lengths.
- the invention also relates to an ignition tube for ammunition incorporating such a plasma torch.
- the subject of the invention is a plasma torch comprising at least two electrodes separated by a cylindrical insulating case delimiting an internal volume, electrodes connected by a fuse of conducting ignition arranged in the internal volume, torch characterized in that the fuse comprises at least one conductive material associated with at least one energetic material or capable of reacting with the conductive material.
- the conductive material will consist of carbon or a metal.
- the energetic material or material capable of reacting with the conductive material may be chosen from the following compounds or compositions:
- Copper oxide polytetrafluoroethylene; chlorofluoroethylene copolymer; polytetrafluoroethylene / chlorofluoroethylene copolymer; Magnesium / polytetrafluoroethylene / chlorofluoroethylene copolymer; Boron / potassium nitrate; plasticized nitrocellulose film or film; polyvinyl nitrate; polyoxymethylene; Trifluoroethylene polychloride; polyvinyl chloride; Trifluoroethylene polychloride; polysulfone; polyvinylidene fluoride.
- the conductive material may be in the form of powder or particles mixed with the energetic material or else capable of reacting with the conductive material.
- the fuse can thus be produced in a homogeneous mixture associating 6 to 40% by mass of powder of conductive material and 60 to 94% by mass of an energetic material or material capable of reacting with the conductive material.
- the fuse can thus be produced in a homogeneous mixture combining:
- the fuse can be produced in a homogeneous mixture associating: - 10 to 40% by mass of silver powder and preferably
- composition associating Boron and potassium nitrate preferably 80%.
- the conductive material can form at least one layer deposited on at least part of the energetic material or capable of reacting with the conductive material.
- the fuse may thus comprise at least one conductive layer of aluminum or magnesium deposited on a reactive layer of polytetrafluoroethylene, or nitrocellulose or polyvinyl nitrate, or copper oxide or copolymer of chlorofluoroethylene, or polyoxymethylene, or of trifluoroethylene polychloride, or of polysulfone, or of polyvinylidene fluoride.
- the dimensions of the different layers will be chosen such that 85 to 95 parts by mass of the material of the conductive layer are combined with 5 to 15 parts by mass of the material or materials of the reactive layer or layers.
- the fuse may include at least one layer of aluminum and at least one layer of chlorofluoroethylene copolymer.
- the fuse may also comprise at least one layer of a flame-reinforcing material.
- the flame-enhancing material may be polyoxymethylene or nitrocellulose.
- the mass of the flame-enhancing material may represent between 15 and 25 parts by mass added to the other materials of the fuse.
- the fuse may advantageously be in the form of a tube arranged in the internal volume.
- the tube may have at least one longitudinal slot.
- the insulating cylindrical case may be placed in a conductive tubular frame connected electrically to an electrode, the conductive tubular body being covered on at least part of its external surface by an insulator.
- the tubular body may be pierced with at least two radial vents arranged opposite radial holes made on the insulating case, vents and holes being closed by the tubular fuse.
- the front electrode may be pierced with an axial hole.
- the invention also relates to an ignition tube for ammunition comprising at least one such plasma torch.
- FIG. 1 represents in longitudinal section a first embodiment of a torch according to the invention
- FIG. 2 shows the adaptation to an ammunition of the torch according to the invention
- FIG. 3 shows in longitudinal section a fuse used in a second embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 4 represents a torch according to a third embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 5 partially shows in section an alternative embodiment of a fuse according to the invention
- a plasma torch 1 according to a first embodiment of the invention comprises a metallic tubular body 2, closed at a front part 2a by a cover 3 made of plastic.
- the cover 3 is fixed to the body 2, for example by threading.
- the rear part 2b of the body 2 has an enlarged diameter so as to constitute a stop flange facilitating the fixing of the torch in a bore of a support (not shown) for example of an ammunition base.
- the body 2 carries a thread 4.
- the body 2 has an axial bore 5 inside which is arranged an insulating cylindrical case 6 made of a plastic material capable of being damaged, that is to say of generating light gases by the action of a plasma .
- the case 6 may be made of polyethylene, polyoxymethylene or polytetrafluoroethylene.
- the case 6 could also be made of an energetic material, for example nitrocellulose.
- Such a case is generally called capillary in known plasma torches.
- Two metal electrodes 7 and 8 are separated by the insulating case 6.
- the electrodes are produced for example from a copper alloy.
- a generally cylindrical rear electrode 7 having the same axis as the body 2 extends inside the case 6. It has a rear end 7a which is flush with a rear face 1a of the torch. Its front end 7b is pointed so as to obtain a field effect and thus allow the attachment of the foot of the electric arc which will generate the plasma.
- a front electrode 8 is applied against the case 6 by the cover 3. It has a peripheral shoulder 8a which is tightly adjusted with the body 2. It also has a pointed central stud 8b favorable for the attachment of the arc which extends inside the case 6.
- the rear electrode 7 also has a shoulder 7c which acts as a positioning stop for the rear electrode 7 relative to the body 2.
- the shoulder 7c is in bearing against a counterbore 9a of a support 9 made of an insulating material with high mechanical strength, for example a phenoplast or polyoxymethylene.
- the support 9 has a flared rear part 9b which is fixed to the body 2 by a thread 10.
- the support 9 has a tubular front part 9c which is adjusted in the bore 5 of the body 2.
- This front part has sealing lips annular 30 separated by annular grooves 31.
- the lips 30 provide by their radial deformation, during operation of the torch, 1 sealing gas produced by the torch 1.
- the grooves 31 form expansion chambers also improving 1 sealing.
- a tube 11 is disposed in the internal volume delimited by the insulating case 6. This tube covers the cylindrical ends 7b and 8b of the electrodes 7 and 8. At the rear electrode 7, the tube 11 is clamped between the external cylindrical surface of the electrode 7 and a thinned end 12 of the insulating case 6, itself in contact with the front part 9c of the support 9.
- the tube 11 constitutes a fuse for ignition for the torch to plasma 1.
- the tube 11 comprises at least one conductive material associated with at least one energetic material or capable of reacting with the conductive material.
- the term “energetic material” is understood to mean a material capable of providing chemical energy in the form of a flame when it is initiated by the Joule effect generated by the flow of current through the conductive material with which it is intimately associated.
- the term reactive material or material capable of reacting with the conductive material means a material which is inert in isolation, but capable of reacting chemically with the conductive material during the heating thereof by the Joule effect. Chemical energy is then provided by this reaction in the form of a flame.
- the conductive material may consist of carbon or else of a metal such as copper, aluminum, silver or magnesium.
- the energetic material or material capable of reacting with the conductive material may be chosen from the following compounds or compositions:
- Copper oxide polytetrafluoroethylene; chlorofluoroethylene copolymer; polytetrafluoroethylene / chlorofluoroethylene copolymer; Magnesium / polytetrafluoroethylene / chlorofluoro-ethylene copolymer; Boron / potassium nitrate; plasticized nitrocellulose film or film; polyvinyl nitrate; polyoxymethylene; Trifluoroethylene polychloride; polyvinyl chloride; Trifluoroethylene polychloride; polysulfone; polyvinylidene fluoride.
- the energetic materials are the compositions: Magnesium / polytetrafluoroethylene / chlorofluoro-ethylene copolymer; Boron / potassium nitrate; plasticized nitrocellulose film or film; polyvinyl nitrate.
- Reactive materials with a conductive material are: Copper oxide; polytetrafluoroethylene; chlorofluoroethylene copolymer; polytetrafluoroethylene / chlorofluoroethylene copolymer; polyoxymethylene; Trifluoroethylene polychloride; Polyvinyl chloride; polysulfone; Polyvinylidene fluoride.
- the fusible tube is formed by a homogeneous mixture associating 6 to 20% by mass of powder or particles of conductive material and 80 to 94% by mass of an energetic or very susceptible material to react with the conductive material.
- Example 2 10 to 40% by mass of silver powder and preferably 20%,
- composition combining Magnesium, polytetrafluoroethylene and chloroflucro-ethylene copolymer, and preferably 80%.
- composition associating Boron and potassium nitrate preferably 80%.
- the composition Boron potassium nitrate will combine 80% by mass of Boron for 20% by mass of potassium nitrate.
- the tube is produced first by mixing the various grain materials and then isostatic compression in an appropriate mold.
- the patent FR2776656 describes, for example, a production method that can be implemented to produce such a tube.
- the thickness of the tube 11 is of the order of 0.5 mm, its resistance is of the order of a few hundred milliohms.
- the metal body 2 has radially conical vents 13 which are flared towards the outside of the body 2 to promote the evacuation of gases.
- vents are regularly distributed angularly and longitudinally (here only eight vents are represented out of a total of sixteen).
- vents 13 are arranged opposite cylindrical radial holes 14 made on the insulating case 6.
- Events 13 and holes 14 are intended to allow the radial diffusion of the plasma generated by the torch 1, for example to ensure the ignition of a propellant charge of ammunition (not shown).
- the diameter of the holes 14 is less than the smallest diameter of the vents 13, this in order to promote the ablation of the capillary case 6.
- the holes 14 and the vents 13 are closed by the tubular fuse 11.
- the conductive tubular body 2 will be covered over substantially all of its external and internal surfaces by an insulator (not shown), for example by a vacuum deposition of 30 to 80 micrometers of a plastic material. such as di-parazylylene. Plastic deposits will be avoided only at the level of the cylindrical surface ensuring the passage of current from the tube 2 to the electrode 8 and at the level of the current return zone towards the generator 19 (for example at the rear face 2b).
- an insulator for example by a vacuum deposition of 30 to 80 micrometers of a plastic material. such as di-parazylylene. Plastic deposits will be avoided only at the level of the cylindrical surface ensuring the passage of current from the tube 2 to the electrode 8 and at the level of the current return zone towards the generator 19 (for example at the rear face 2b).
- this torch is carried out quite simply by stacking the various elements inside the body 2. We could for example start by fixing the rear support 9 carrying the rear electrode 7 on the body 2. We then slide from the front of the body 2 the case 6 inside which is the fusible tube 11. The insertion of the case 6 in the body makes it possible to pinch the tube 11 around the rear electrode 7, and consequently to make a good electrical contact at this level.
- the case will be oriented angularly in an appropriate manner to ensure the positioning of the holes 14 opposite the vents 13. Such indexing may be facilitated by providing on the case 6 a peripheral mdentation located in the vicinity of the front electrode 8 and cooperating with a notch arranged in the body (details not shown).
- the front electrode 8 is then pushed in, which is fitted tight both in the tube 11 and in the body 2 for the quality of the electrical contacts, then the torch is closed by screwing on the cover 3.
- the fuse tube 11 is easily installed. No soldering is necessary, no break of a fusible wire is to be feared.
- the contact resistances between the electrodes 7,8 and the fuse tube are reduced due to the large contact surfaces.
- the set is robust. The case ensures the support of the fuse tube over substantially its entire cylindrical surface.
- a torch 1 according to the invention is for example fixed at the level of a base 15 of an ammunition 16 (partially shown).
- the ammunition 16 comprises in a conventional manner a propellant charge of powder 17 placed in a combustible case 18.
- a projectile (not shown) is fixed to the combustible case 18 at the level of a front part of the latter.
- Ammunition 16 is disposed in the chamber of a weapon (not shown).
- the weapon comprises an electric generator 19 which is connected by electrical connections 24 and 25 to the torch 1.
- a first connection 24 is in electrical contact by an appropriate means (for example a spring touch not shown) with the rear electrode 7.
- a second connection 25 is in electrical contact with the metal body 2 of the torch, for example by a spring touch resting on the rear part 2b thereof or else on the metal base 15 itself.
- the body 2 is in electrical contact with the front electrode 8 by virtue of the tight adjustment of the shoulder 8a of the electrode in the bore 5 of the body 2.
- the fuse tube 11 is in electrical contact with the two electrodes 7 and 8 thanks to a tight adjustment by pinching the tube 11 between the case 6 and the cylindrical parts 7b and 8b of the electrodes (see FIG. 1).
- the operation of this torch is as follows.
- the generator 19 is designed to be able to deliver energy from 10 kJ to 1 megaJoule in the form of voltage pulses from 1000 volts to 20 kilo Volts.
- Such a generator is conventional and includes, for example, capacitors, an inductor, thyristors and a stabilized power supply.
- a small fraction of the energy supplied by the generator is used to initiate the fusible tube 11 by the Joule effect.
- the energetic material is then initiated or else the reaction between the conductive material and the reactive material is initiated.
- a combustion flame is established on substantially the entire length of the tube 11, clearing the holes 14 and the vents 13.
- This flame is naturally formed from ionized atoms and molecules. It provides electrical conduction of reduced resistance between the electrodes 7 and 8 ⁇ ui allows the arc to be maintained between the electrodes 7 and 8.
- the confinement of the electric arc in the case 6 based on ablatable material allows the generation of a plasma which flows out of the body through the vents 13.
- the plasma ensures the initiation of the propellant charge 17 of the ammunition by providing the advantages usually linked to electric plasma ignition: pressure and temperature level higher than that of a conventional pyrotechnic ignition due to the supply of electrical energy. by the generator. This results in a higher speed for the projectile.
- the energy fuse proposed by the invention also has the advantage of also providing ignition energy (in chemical form). It thus allows the use of a generator delivering a lower voltage than that of the generators used in conventional plasma torches. In practice, a voltage of 1000 volts is sufficient against 10 to 35 kilovolts for known plasma torches. This improves the performance of the torch and facilitates its integration into a weapon system.
- FIG. 3 represents a preferred embodiment for the fuse tube 11 which can be put in place in a torch such as that represented in FIG. 1.
- This tube 11 differs from the previous one in that the conductive material is not homogeneously mixed with the energetic material or capable of reacting with it.
- the conductive material here forms a layer 26 deposited on at least part of the energetic material or capable of reacting with the conductive material.
- the conductive layer 26 is cylindrical and deposited inside a tube 27 of energetic material or capable of reacting with the conductive material.
- the metallic deposit will be obtained for example by vapor deposition under vacuum of a metal on the energetic material or likely to react. It can also be obtained by spraying a metal sheet with a mixture of glue and energetic material or material which can react with the conductive material.
- the tube 11 may also include two conductive layers separated by the energy layer. Such an arrangement will promote the generation of discharge arcs between the two conductive layers.
- a fusible tube comprising at least one layer of aluminum or magnesium deposited on a layer of polytetrafluoroethylene or polyvinyl chloride.
- the thickness of the metal layer (s) will be of the order of 100 micrometers. That of the energetic material will be of the order of 150 micrometers.
- At least one layer of aluminum or magnesium with a layer of nitrocellulose or polyvinyl nitrate. It will be possible to deposit a copper oxide or a chlorofluoroethylene copolymer on an aluminum or magnesium sheet. It will also be possible to deposit aluminum on a polyoxymethylene layer.
- At least one layer of chlorofluoroetnylene copolymer (known under the trademark Viton) will be deposited on an aluminum layer.
- the chlorofluoro-ethylene copolymer may possibly be deposited on both sides of a conductive layer 26 of aluminum (this latter variant is shown diagrammatically in FIG. 5).
- the references 27a and 27b designate the two layers of chlorofluoro-ethylene copolymer deposited on either side of the aluminum layer 26.
- the thicknesses and lengths of the different sheets will be determined as a function of the relative proportions desired for the components that react with each other (aluminum and chlorofluoroethylene copolymer).
- the stoichiometric proportions of 90 parts by mass of aluminum are preferably associated with 10 parts by mass of chlorofluoroethylene copolymer.
- a layer of conductive material 26 for example aluminum
- one or two layers (27a, 27b) of chlorofluoroethylene copolymer and with a layer 30 d 'a flame-enhancing material which may be polyoxymethylene or nitrocellulose.
- the dimensions and masses of the different layers will preferably respect the previous stoichiometry of 90 parts by mass of aluminum for 10 parts by mass of chlorofluoroethylene copolymer.
- the mass of polyoxymethylene added will represent between 15 and 25 parts by mass added to the other materials of the fuse. It will preferably be 20 parts by mass.
- This last variant makes it possible to obtain a plasma temperature of 17,000 K to 20,000 K which is much higher (at equal electrical energy) than the temperature obtained with the torches using polyethylene (of the order of 6000 K).
- FIG. 7 shows in cross section an alternative embodiment of a fuse in the form of a tube 11 of a material as described above with reference to FIG. 6.
- this fuse combines a layer 26 of conductive material (for example aluminum) with one or two layers (27a, 27b) of chlorofluoroethylene copolymer and with a layer 30 of a flame-reinforcing material which may be polyoxymethylene or nitrocellulose.
- This variant differs from the previous one in that after winding the fuse before it is placed in the tubular body 2 (FIG. 1), the fuse does not cover an arc of 360 °. There remains a slot 31 representing an arc which will be less than 180 °.
- This variant makes it possible to further reduce the mass of the fuse while preserving the relative proportions of the conductive and energetic components. This reduction in mass makes it possible to reduce the duration of the heating phase by the Joule effect of the fuse. This reduces the energy consumed without reducing the temperature of the plasma obtained.
- a person skilled in the art will adjust the width of the slot which is necessary for him according to the characteristics desired for the weapon system which he defines.
- the operation of the various embodiments of FIGS. 3, 5, 6 and 7 is similar to that of the mode previously described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.
- Figure 4 shows a torch according to a third embodiment of the invention.
- This mode differs from that according to FIG. 1 in that the body 2 is devoid of radial vents and the insulating case 6 is devoid of radial holes.
- the front electrode 8 is here fixed by threading on the body 2. It has an axial hole 28 which passes through it and which is intended to allow the plasma generated by the torch to pass axially.
- the fuse tube 11 is as in the previous mode arranged around the electrodes 7 and 8 and surrounded by the ablatable case 6.
- the hole 28 will advantageously be closed by a closing disc or straw 29 made of metal or plastic and bonded to the electrode 8.
- This disc is intended to ensure a sealing of storage. It broke from ignition to the torch.
- This embodiment makes it possible to obtain a compact plasma torch (length L less than or equal to 40mm) and having an axial direction of action.
- a compact plasma torch could be used for ammunition of reduced caliber (less than 50mm) or else for civil applications (cutting of materials, security openings, deposition of thin materials, manufacture of metals in nanometric powder).
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Fuses (AREA)
- Plasma Technology (AREA)
- Air Bags (AREA)
- Insulated Conductors (AREA)
- Gas Burners (AREA)
- Spray-Type Burners (AREA)
- Spark Plugs (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0004734A FR2807610B1 (fr) | 2000-04-11 | 2000-04-11 | Torche a plasma incorporant un fusible d'amorcage reactif et tube allumeur integrant une telle torche |
| FR0004734 | 2000-04-11 | ||
| PCT/FR2001/000961 WO2001077604A1 (fr) | 2000-04-11 | 2001-03-30 | Torche a plasma incorporant un fusible d'amorcage reactif et tube allumeur integrant une telle torche |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1185833A1 true EP1185833A1 (fr) | 2002-03-13 |
| EP1185833B1 EP1185833B1 (fr) | 2005-07-20 |
Family
ID=8849205
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP01919602A Expired - Lifetime EP1185833B1 (fr) | 2000-04-11 | 2001-03-30 | Torche a plasma incorporant un fusible d'amorcage reactif et tube allumeur integrant une telle torche |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6703580B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP1185833B1 (fr) |
| AT (1) | ATE300031T1 (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE60112012T2 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2807610B1 (fr) |
| IL (1) | IL145774A (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2001077604A1 (fr) |
| ZA (1) | ZA200110054B (fr) |
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| DE10140599A1 (de) * | 2001-08-18 | 2003-03-06 | Rheinmetall W & M Gmbh | Patrone |
| SE524623C2 (sv) | 2002-08-08 | 2004-09-07 | Bofors Defence Ab | Isolerad patronhylsa och ammunition, förfarande för tillverkning av dylika hylsor och ammunition samt användning av dylika hylsor och ammunition vid flera skilda vapensystem |
| FR2844873B1 (fr) * | 2002-09-25 | 2006-11-24 | Giat Ind Sa | Inflammateur a double effet et procede d'allumage mettant en oeuvre un tel inflammateur |
| FR2847975B1 (fr) | 2002-12-02 | 2006-06-16 | Giat Ind Sa | Dispositif assurant la liaison electrique entre une masse reculante d'une arme et un berceau fixe |
| FR2849179B1 (fr) | 2002-12-18 | 2006-06-30 | Giat Ind Sa | Munition sans douille et procede de montage d'une telle munition |
| US7073447B2 (en) * | 2003-02-12 | 2006-07-11 | Bae Systems Land & Armaments L.P. | Electro-thermal chemical igniter and connector |
| US6805055B1 (en) * | 2003-06-25 | 2004-10-19 | Gamma Recherches & Technologies Patent Sa | Plasma firing mechanism and method for firing ammunition |
| FR2869101B1 (fr) | 2004-04-15 | 2006-06-02 | Giat Ind Sa | Munition sans douille et procede de montage d'une telle munition |
| SE533831C2 (sv) * | 2005-03-15 | 2011-02-01 | Bae Systems Bofors Ab | Plasmajettändare för en elektro-termisk-kemisk(ETK) kanon, kulspruta eller annat eldrörsvapen av motsvarande typ |
| DE102006017100B4 (de) * | 2006-04-07 | 2012-10-31 | Bae Systems Bofors Ab | Zünder |
| US7878120B1 (en) * | 2007-12-20 | 2011-02-01 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Ammunition data link |
| US8607702B1 (en) * | 2010-01-15 | 2013-12-17 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Low energy ignition system for large and medium caliber ammunition |
| SE536256C2 (sv) * | 2011-12-29 | 2013-07-23 | Bae Systems Bofors Ab | Repeterbar plasmagenerator och metod därför |
| US10100200B2 (en) | 2014-01-30 | 2018-10-16 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | Use of feedstock in carbon black plasma process |
| US10138378B2 (en) | 2014-01-30 | 2018-11-27 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | Plasma gas throat assembly and method |
| US11939477B2 (en) | 2014-01-30 | 2024-03-26 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | High temperature heat integration method of making carbon black |
| US10370539B2 (en) | 2014-01-30 | 2019-08-06 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | System for high temperature chemical processing |
| WO2015116943A2 (fr) | 2014-01-31 | 2015-08-06 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | Conception de torche à plasma |
| US9360285B1 (en) * | 2014-07-01 | 2016-06-07 | Texas Research International, Inc. | Projectile cartridge for a hybrid capillary variable velocity electric gun |
| US10584639B2 (en) | 2014-08-18 | 2020-03-10 | Woodward, Inc. | Torch igniter |
| CN107709608B (zh) | 2015-02-03 | 2019-09-17 | 巨石材料公司 | 再生冷却方法和设备 |
| KR102705340B1 (ko) | 2015-02-03 | 2024-09-09 | 모놀리스 머티어리얼스 인코포레이티드 | 카본 블랙 생성 시스템 |
| CA3032246C (fr) | 2015-07-29 | 2023-12-12 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | Procede et appareil de conception d'alimentation electrique de torche a plasma a courant continu |
| CA2995081C (fr) | 2015-08-07 | 2023-10-03 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | Procede de fabrication de noir de carbone |
| EP3347306A4 (fr) | 2015-09-09 | 2019-04-17 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | Matériaux circulaires à base de graphène à faible nombre de couches |
| CA3034212C (fr) | 2015-09-14 | 2023-08-01 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | Noir de carbone issu du gaz naturel |
| CA3060482C (fr) | 2016-04-29 | 2023-04-11 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | Ajout de chaleur secondaire a un processus de production de particules et appareil |
| US11492496B2 (en) | 2016-04-29 | 2022-11-08 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | Torch stinger method and apparatus |
| CN110603297A (zh) | 2017-03-08 | 2019-12-20 | 巨石材料公司 | 用热传递气体制备碳颗粒的系统和方法 |
| EP3612600A4 (fr) | 2017-04-20 | 2021-01-27 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | Systèmes et procédés particulaires |
| EP3676335A4 (fr) | 2017-08-28 | 2021-03-31 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | Systèmes particulaires et procédés |
| CN111278767A (zh) | 2017-08-28 | 2020-06-12 | 巨石材料公司 | 用于颗粒生成的系统和方法 |
| WO2019084200A1 (fr) | 2017-10-24 | 2019-05-02 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | Systèmes particulaires et procédés |
| US12264903B2 (en) | 2017-12-08 | 2025-04-01 | Rabuffo Sa | Ammunition cartridge |
| EP3721163B1 (fr) | 2017-12-08 | 2023-08-02 | Rabuffo SA | Cartouche de munition |
| CN108301997A (zh) * | 2018-01-24 | 2018-07-20 | 上海交通大学 | 基于z-pinch无火花塞的脉冲等离子体推力器 |
| US11421601B2 (en) | 2019-03-28 | 2022-08-23 | Woodward, Inc. | Second stage combustion for igniter |
| CN110595304B (zh) * | 2019-08-20 | 2021-12-10 | 南京理工大学 | 一种点点火药装置 |
| SE544051C2 (sv) | 2019-12-20 | 2021-11-23 | Bae Systems Bofors Ab | Plasmagenerator samt ammunitionsenhet och utskjutningsanordning innehållandes nämnda plasmagenerator |
| US11060831B1 (en) * | 2020-05-14 | 2021-07-13 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | System and method for routing flame within an explosive device |
| CN116209823A (zh) | 2020-06-23 | 2023-06-02 | 伍德沃德有限公司 | 针对功率生成发动机的点火系统 |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1231181A (fr) * | 1967-05-05 | 1971-05-12 | ||
| JPS5054631A (fr) * | 1973-09-17 | 1975-05-14 | ||
| JPS6027122B2 (ja) * | 1981-01-24 | 1985-06-27 | ペガサスキヤンドル株式会社 | 装飾用キヤンドル |
| CN1059897A (zh) * | 1990-09-19 | 1992-04-01 | 浙江省临安县矿产工业公司 | 安全爆响药及其生产方法 |
| US5431101A (en) * | 1991-04-16 | 1995-07-11 | Thiokol Corporation | Low cost hermetically sealed squib |
| US5355764A (en) * | 1992-05-04 | 1994-10-18 | Fmc Corporation | Plasma actuated ignition and distribution pump |
| US5503081A (en) * | 1993-11-22 | 1996-04-02 | Fmc Corp | Annular plasma injector |
| FR2768810B1 (fr) * | 1997-09-24 | 1999-12-03 | Giat Ind Sa | Composant d'allumage pour composition pyrotechnique ou charge propulsive |
| FR2776656B1 (fr) * | 1998-03-30 | 2000-04-28 | Giat Ind Sa | Procede de fabrication d'un objet a partir d'un materiau granulaire, tube allumeur et charge propulsive obtenus avec un tel procede |
| US6435095B1 (en) * | 2000-08-09 | 2002-08-20 | Mccormick Selph, Inc. | Linear ignition system |
-
2000
- 2000-04-11 FR FR0004734A patent/FR2807610B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2001
- 2001-03-30 EP EP01919602A patent/EP1185833B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-03-30 US US09/958,572 patent/US6703580B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-03-30 WO PCT/FR2001/000961 patent/WO2001077604A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2001-03-30 DE DE60112012T patent/DE60112012T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-03-30 AT AT01919602T patent/ATE300031T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-03-30 IL IL145774A patent/IL145774A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-12-06 ZA ZA200110054A patent/ZA200110054B/xx unknown
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO0177604A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE60112012T2 (de) | 2006-04-20 |
| WO2001077604A1 (fr) | 2001-10-18 |
| FR2807610B1 (fr) | 2002-10-11 |
| ZA200110054B (en) | 2002-07-22 |
| US6703580B2 (en) | 2004-03-09 |
| IL145774A (en) | 2006-06-11 |
| EP1185833B1 (fr) | 2005-07-20 |
| DE60112012D1 (de) | 2005-08-25 |
| IL145774A0 (en) | 2002-07-25 |
| US20020157559A1 (en) | 2002-10-31 |
| ATE300031T1 (de) | 2005-08-15 |
| FR2807610A1 (fr) | 2001-10-12 |
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