Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
  • E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
  • E04G21/14—Conveying or assembling building elements
  • E04G21/16—Tools or apparatus
  • E04G21/20—Tools or apparatus for applying mortar
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
  • E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
  • E04G21/14—Conveying or assembling building elements
  • E04G21/16—Tools or apparatus
  • E04G21/20—Tools or apparatus for applying mortar
  • E04G21/202—Hoses specially adapted therefor

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a method for distributing mortar or the like binding material in connection with masonry, as well as to a distributing apparatus for such a material .
• masonry pieces For ages bricks and the like masonry pieces have been attached one upon and adjacent to the other using a layer of binding material arranged between the pieces, i.e. most usually a mortar based on sand, lime and nowadays also cement .
• a layer of binding material arranged between the pieces, i.e. most usually a mortar based on sand, lime and nowadays also cement .
• Today different kinds of additives are also usually mixed into the mortar in order to make the material mix more plastic, for accelerating or decelerating the chemical reaction or in order to achieve other desired properties.
• mortar earlier always was produced on site the production can nowadays also been transferred to more or less industrial premises where a uniform quality and desired properties can easily be achieved and controlled.
• a mortar sledge full of mortar is a rather heavy structure and thus positioning guides are arranged to extend from the sides of the sledge downwards at both sides of the wall. These guides, however, prevent the sledge from proceeding when it reaches crossings or corners of the wall. At such locations the sledge is normally lifted over the obstruction, in which cases mortar will flow freely also to such places where it either will be wasted or will constitute an undesirable cold bridge between said mortar strips.
• the utility of such a sledge is very limited.
• the use of a traditional mortar sledge will sometime quite seriously mess up the alignment wires arranged for the alignment of the wall .
• the method according to the present invention is characterized in that the binding material mix is held in a container which is suspended above the object of labour, from which container the material mix is induced first by forced action conveying means to move in a controlled manner in an essentially horizontal direction to a location above a distribution point and thereafter to flow, via distributing means comprising a portion of flexible free fall, down to the final destination for use.
• the inventive apparatus is characterized in that the apparatus comprises a container for material mix positioned generally above the object of labour, the outlet end of said container having power-operated essentially horizontal primary screw conveyor means arranged for conveying the mix, the opposite end of said conveyor means being provided with distribution means comprising a flexible portion of essentially free fall.
• Figure 1 discloses a general arrangement in accordance with the present invention
• Figure la in a partial blow-up discloses the general arrangement of Figure 1 in accordance with a special embodiment
• Figure 2 discloses a partial blow-up of Figure 1 at the location of said distributing means
• Figure 3 discloses the positioning of a distributing head in accordance with the inventive arrangement at a corner of a wall structure
• Figure 4 discloses a press means developed especially for filling the vertical seam between blocks, the end of said press means further being disclosed i Figure 4a seen from the end thereof.
• a central portion of the arrangement according to Figure 1 comprises a mortar hopper 1 of suitably 200 to 500 liters, said hopper favorably being relatively high in relation to the base area.
• the adhesion of mortar to the vertical hopper walls will be insignificant and, thus, the cleaning easy.
• At the suitably open outlet, i.e. the lower end la of the hopper or vessel a favorably essentially closed conveyor tube 3 is arranged, said tube containing a worm conveyor 2 (shown in phantom) .
• a motor 5 known per se rotates said worm conveyor 2 suitably via a transmission 4.
• said motor 5 is an electrical motor which favorably obtains its power from a combustion engine driven electrical generator 6 which, as such, can be commercially obtained and adapted in a favorably fixed manner in connection with the arrangement.
• the arrangement favorably comprises a speed control apparatus 7 known per se for controlling the rotational speed of said motor 5 favorably steplessly in a manner which will be closer described below.
• the exact rotation of the worm conveyor can be effected also in other ways, but the described combustion motor driven arrangement defines a separate functional entity which is independent of external power.
• the inventive apparatus will mainly be used outdoors and thus the use of a combustion engine will constitute no essential inconvenience in relation to the advantage obtained.
• this arrangement can be replaced with, e.g., a hydraulic power feed using vegetable oil, which arrangement, however, requires separate feeding lines (not shown) .
• combustion engine driven hydraulics may be appropriate.
• the arrangement disclosed above is suspended above the object of labour so that sufficient working space will be provided under the arrangement.
• this suspension can be effected as disclosed in Figure 1 so that lifting wires 9 or the like extend from the lifting eye 8 of a crane (not shown) to different portions of the arrangement so that the arrangement will remain essentially in balance.
• said mortar hopper 1 represents the heaviest weight of the arrangement it will be located fairly close to the vertical equilibrium axis, and thus the emptying of the hopper will not have any considerable influence on the balance of the apparatus.
• the total weight of the apparatus will favorably be in the order of 1200 to 1500 kilograms and thus the work site crane or a lighter lifting arrangement adapted for this special purpose can be used for the suspension of the arrangement.
• Such a lighter arrangement may even include a lifting fork or the like of a forklift truck.
• the opposite end of the worm conveyor, with respect to the mortar hopper 1, is connected to mortar distribution means generally referred to as 11, said distribution means including flexible portions 10, 10a.
• Said flexible portions 10, 10a are formed of hose like portions whose lower ends are connected, favorably via fast coupling means 12, to mortar spreading or distribution means 11.
• said distribution means 11 comprise distribution tubes 14, which tubes suitably comprise closing devices 13. Said tubes are favorably adjustably interconnected in a favorably mutually parallel disposition.
• the lower ends, respectively, of said distribution tubes 14 are suitably open at least backwards in relation to said distribution mean's 11 direction of movement, leading into an open spreading slide means or spreading shoe 15.
• this spreading shoe 15 rests upon the uppermost layer of blocks already laid so that said shoe behind itself can form a strip 18 of mortar which extends in the mortar groove 17 of the uppermost block 16 and up to a suitable level above said groove, which strip 18 suitably extends continuously in the longitudinal direction. Between parallel mortar strips 18 remains a mortar-free zone 19, which in accordance with Figure 3 will be located at the insulation portion 20 found at least in blocks of larger width.
• Said spreading shoe 15 itself constitutes, in the embodiments disclosed in the drawings, an essentially straight flute- like piece, but in another embodiment of the present invention said spreading shoe 15 comprises a swing-like lower portion (not shown) so that, by tilting the spreading head 11, mortar strips 18 with different exactly controlled thicknesses can be achieved to suit the conditions of the object of the work.
• the parallel spreading means disclosed in Figures 1, 2 and 3 are interconnected by a suitably adjustable intermediate piece 21, at which a control lever for said closing means 13 and/or actuating means (not shown) for controlling the stepless speed regulator 7 for the driving machinery 5 for said worm conveyor 2 is arranged so that the user can use them during the progress of the work.
• the startup of the arrangement is commenced by filling the hopper 1 with mortar favorably industrially made using concrete transport equipment .
• the apparatus suitably operates so that a person who performs the actual bricklaying, at a suitable starting point, brings said spreading shoes 15 of said parallel spreading means 11 upon the mortar grooves 17 of the uppermost layer of blocks 16.
• the driving motor for said worm conveyor 2 is started at a speed which transports, from said hopper 1, so much mortar per time unit as one assumes will be spread in the form of mortar strips 18 on the upper surface of said blocks 16.
• the rotational speed is adjusted to suite the progress of the masonry work, typically about 20 to 100 liters per minute.
• the first outlet drop portion 22 suitably extends downwards in the shape of a drop tube 24 which favorably is attached using fast coupling means 23 for facilitating detachment and thus the cleaning of the apparatus.
• the drop portion 22 ends in a choking chamber 26 which also is attached using fast coupling means 25.
• a dividing knife 27 is favorably located in said choking chamber 26 shown in phantom in the drawing. Said dividing knife distributes the downwards sinking mix in a desired way, i.e. usually in equal amounts to the parallel hoses 10, 10a acting as said flexible portions.
• a secondary power driven worm conveyor (not shown) is arranged in said drop tube 24 for forcing the mix downwards, but in most case such an arrangement is unnecessary.
• the free dropping portion constituted by said drop tube 24 when having a length of 0.2 to 1.0 meters, favorably about 0.5 meters, provides an especially suitable feeding pressure equalization with respect to the smooth function of said spreading shoes 15.
• said drop tube 24 is arranged so that it comprises a portion made of, e.g., rubber or the like material, which portion slightly expands under the impact of the pressure.
• a pressure sensor or a dynamic proximity switch (not shown) is arranged at said portion for controlling the rotational speed of said motor 5.
• said worm- or screw conveyor 2 by its own action improves the quality of the mortar and prevents an internal separation of its different components .
• the transport of the mortar using, e.g., a vibrator known per se in the profession is rather inappropriate since a vibration expressly causes such a separation
• the use of a vibrator in connection with the mix hopper itself might be appropriate especially in such embodiments which do not comprise a combustion motor driven electrical generator which, as such, in a way functions as a discreet vibrator.
• a typical working team comprises three persons, of which one essentially continuously will spread mortar while the two other persons lay blocks upon the spread mortar.
• the conventional three week bricklaying time needed for erecting a typical cellar in a building can be effected in three days.
• one restricting factor in masonry work actually will be the time needed for raising scaffolding on the worksite so that the masonry team is able to work standing on said scaffolds.
• One further advantage provided by the present invention is the fact that there is no special need to handle or breath mortar or any of its constituents, which clearly reduces any allergic or other harmful impacts .
• the work is also in other ways lighter and thus less exhausting.
• the mortar waste rate is considerably lower compared to traditional masonry work.
• Figure 3 disclosing a corner portion of a wall. At such a location a traditional mortar sledge must be lifted up from the wall, after which the sledge must be turned onto the next wall. At the actual corner spot there will then remain an area without mortar spread on the correct spots, while, on the other hand, waste mortar usually will spill during the whole lifting procedure.
• Figure 3 discloses a spreading arrangement adapted for a right-handed person, in which case the brick- laying work will proceed in a clockwise direction.
• Figure 4 discloses a special adaptation of the general concept in accordance with the present invention, which arrangement is intended especially for filling the vertical seams between the blocks 16.
• This arrangement comprises a distribution means which differs from the ones described earlier, i.e. a nozzle end 29 including an actively working press device. Due to a fast connecting means 13 this arrangement can be attached to the end of one of said flexible hoses 10, 10a, (the other hose comprising a similar device at the opposite side of the wall, or, alternatively, a cap plug during this stage of operation.)
• Said active nozzle end comprises a worm conveyor 31 which is rotated by a accumulator powered drill gun 30.
• said worm conveyor feeds mortar mix emerging from said hose 10 directly into the vertical slit 28 between the blocks or other masonry pieces 16 via a nozzle having, at one end thereof, a flat nozzle opening 33 which is arranged favorably turnably at the end of said tube 32.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• On-Site Construction Work That Accompanies The Preparation And Application Of Concrete (AREA)

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• 1999
  • 1999-05-10 FI FI991075A patent/FI112521B/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
• 2000
  • 2000-03-22 AU AU35609/00A patent/AU3560900A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2000-03-22 EP EP00914205A patent/EP1183431A1/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 2000-03-22 WO PCT/FI2000/000237 patent/WO2000068531A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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