EP1181531A1 - Procede et dispositif de mesure de la puissance calorifique et/ou de l'indice de wobbe de gaz combustible, en particulier de gaz naturel - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif de mesure de la puissance calorifique et/ou de l'indice de wobbe de gaz combustible, en particulier de gaz naturel

Info

Publication number
EP1181531A1
EP1181531A1 EP00910660A EP00910660A EP1181531A1 EP 1181531 A1 EP1181531 A1 EP 1181531A1 EP 00910660 A EP00910660 A EP 00910660A EP 00910660 A EP00910660 A EP 00910660A EP 1181531 A1 EP1181531 A1 EP 1181531A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
measuring
calorific value
arrangement
fuel gas
gas
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP00910660A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Peter Schley
Manfred Jaeschke
Manfred Hoppe
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
EOn Ruhrgas AG
Original Assignee
Ruhrgas AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19921167A external-priority patent/DE19921167A1/de
Application filed by Ruhrgas AG filed Critical Ruhrgas AG
Publication of EP1181531A1 publication Critical patent/EP1181531A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
    • G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
    • G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
    • G01N21/3504—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light for analysing gases, e.g. multi-gas analysis
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/22—Fuels; Explosives
    • G01N33/225—Gaseous fuels, e.g. natural gas

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and an arrangement for measuring the calorific value and / or the Wobbe index of fuel gas, in particular natural gas, according to the preamble of the independent claims.
  • the calorific value of natural gas must be measured for billing purposes when it is handed over from the supplier to the customer.
  • the calorific value is determined in practice by means of gas chromatographs or calorimeters. With gas meters, especially turbine meters, the volume flow is measured and the amount of energy for billing is determined.
  • the volume flow of natural gas is usually measured using diaphragm gas meters.
  • the amount of energy is determined from the volume flow and an average calorific value to be recorded separately for the supply area.
  • a direct energy measurement in the household has so far not been technically feasible.
  • the calorific value can be the molar, the mass-related or the volume-related calorific value.
  • the Wobbe index is the quotient of the volume-related calorific value and the square root of the relative density of the gas.
  • the Wobbe index is used in industry to regulate or keep the amount of energy supplied to gas appliances. A simple combustion-free measuring method for such purposes has not been available to date.
  • the known combustion-free methods for measuring the calorific value or the Wobbe index include indirect and correlative methods.
  • the gas composition is analyzed.
  • the calorific value of the fuel gas can then be determined from the composition of the gas using the calorific values for the pure substances.
  • a method for infrared absorption is known from DE-A-19650302. It is used to determine the methane number of natural gases. If the methane number is known, the undesired knocking of piston engines powered by natural gas can be avoided by taking appropriate measures.
  • the fuel gas is exposed to infrared radiation. The proportion of infrared radiation absorbed by the gas mixture is measured by means of a radiation detector and the methane number of the fuel gas is determined from this.
  • the methane number is determined by means of an optical filter which captures a section of the absorption spectrum, in which the hydrocarbons contribute to the absorption in a weighting which is approximately proportional to the methane number of the natural gas.
  • the method can be put into practice relatively simply because, on the one hand, the components of the corresponding infrared sensors are inexpensively available on the market and, on the other hand, the infrared detectors deliver a very precise measurement signal and have good practical suitability. It was not technically possible to determine the calorific value of natural gases by means of infrared absorption using the previously known methods.
  • the various natural gases can also contain nitrogen.
  • the infrared signal is very sensitive to the hydrocarbon and carbon dioxide components, but not to the nitrogen component. This leads to unacceptable measurement inaccuracies; because the nitrogen content in natural gas is subject to large fluctuations and has a major influence on the calorific value.
  • the object of the invention is accordingly to provide a method for the combustion-free measurement of the calorific value and / or the Wobbe index of a fuel gas which, on the one hand, can be easily implemented and, on the other hand, offers sufficient accuracy, in particular for control purposes and household billing.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a simple and practical arrangement for measuring the calorific value and / or the Wobbe index.
  • the invention is based on the knowledge that in addition to the infrared signal, a further characteristic input variable is required for the unambiguous determination of the calorific value or the Wobbe index of fuel gas, in particular natural gas.
  • a sensitivity test showed that the infrared absorption in connection with either the speed of sound or the density of the fuel gas represents a particularly favorable combination for determining the calorific value, because with nitrogen-containing fuel gases both the density and the speed of sound are sufficiently sensitive to the nitrogen content.
  • the speed of sound can be derived directly from the ultrasonic signal of an ultrasonic gas meter.
  • Ultrasonic gas meters are increasingly used for volume flow measurement both in large gas measurement and in the home.
  • the speed of sound can also be determined with a measuring device specially developed for this purpose.
  • a particular advantage of the speed of sound compared to the density as an input variable for calorific value determination is the much weaker dependence of the speed of sound on the gas temperature or gas pressure. At low gas pressures, e.g. B. less than 5 bar, a pressure measurement is not required when measuring the speed of sound.
  • the gas temperature can be specified as an average.
  • the density is used as an input variable, it is advantageous if, in step a), the temperature and / or the pressure of the fuel gas is additionally measured or specified as an average.
  • the absorption spectrum of the hydrocarbons can be recorded in a first measurement in step b) and the absorption spectrum of the carbon dioxide can be recorded in a second measurement.
  • the method according to the invention can also be used to measure the amount of energy.
  • the fuel gas is passed through a volume flow meter in step a) and the volume flow is measured.
  • the arrangement according to the invention is characterized for a very particularly advantageous solution to the problem, characterized in that a partial flow of the fuel gas is fed to a measuring system, that a measuring device for measuring the speed of sound and a sensor arrangement are integrated in the measuring arrangement, the sensor arrangement essentially consisting of one Radiation source for infrared radiation and a radiation detector assigned to the radiation source, and that the signals from the measuring device and the sensor arrangement are fed to an evaluation unit in which the calorific value and / or the Wobbe index are determined by means of a correlation.
  • the radiation detector can be designed as a multi-channel detector, to which various optical filters can be connected upstream for the selection measurement of individual components of the fuel gas.
  • Another arrangement for measuring the calorific value of fuel gas, in particular natural gas is characterized in that an ultrasonic counter which is gas line is integrated, has a signal output for the speed of sound and a sensor arrangement consisting of a radiation source for infrared radiation and a radiation detector assigned to the radiation source, the signal for the speed of sound and the signal of the sensor arrangement being fed to an evaluation unit in which the calorific value and / or the Wobbe index is determined.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of an arrangement for measuring the amount of energy.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic view of an arrangement for measuring the Wobbe index
  • FIG. 3 shows a diagram with the representation of the signals from the measurement of the calorific value of an example 3-component fuel
  • Fig. 4 is a diagram with the signals of another measurement of an example 3-component fuel.
  • the natural gas line 1 shows a natural gas line 1, in which a volume flow meter in the form of an ultrasonic gas meter is integrated.
  • the natural gas line is a gas supply line in a private household.
  • the natural gas line 1 is practically under atmospheric pressure.
  • a sensor device 3 known from DE-A-19650302 is integrated in the ultrasonic gas meter 2.
  • This essentially consists of a radiation source (not shown) and a radiation detector assigned to the radiation source.
  • the radiation detector is assigned a plurality of optical filters (not shown) for the selective measurement of individual components of the fuel gas.
  • the ultrasonic gas meter has a signal output 4 for the speed of sound, which is connected to an evaluation electronics 5.
  • the signal from the sensor arrangement 3 is also fed to the evaluation electronics 5.
  • the calorific value is determined from the two signals with the aid of a simple correlation.
  • FIG. 2 shows an arrangement of a second exemplary embodiment for measuring the Wobbe index of a fuel gas for regulating the supply of energy to an industrial burner.
  • the natural gas line 1 is a high-pressure line which is under an overpressure of approx. 50 bar.
  • a partial flow of a measuring arrangement 8 is supplied via a branch line 6 with a pressure reduction 7.
  • the measuring arrangement 8 essentially consists of a measuring device 9 for the speed of sound and a sensor arrangement 3.
  • the measuring device for the speed of sound can also be an ultrasonic gas meter.
  • the sensor arrangement 3 has already been described in connection with FIG. 1. Both signals are fed to evaluation electronics 5, in which the calorific value and the Wobbe index are determined by means of a correlation.
  • FIG. 3 and 4 graphically show how the calorific value of a 3-component mixture of two input signals, namely infrared signal IR and speed of sound w in FIG. 3 or infrared signal IR and density p in FIG. 4 can be determined and the resulting total uncertainties for the calorific value.
  • the nitrogen content (N 2 ) is plotted on the abscissa axis and the ethane content (C 2 H 2 ) on the ordinate axis.
  • the third component, not shown, is methane (CH). The methane portion corresponds to the rest of the portion of the mixture to get 100%.
  • Lines for the calorific values H s +1%, H s +2% or H s -1% and H s -2% are drawn in parallel.
  • Lines also run through the reference point, for which the input variables IR and w in FIG. 3 or IR and p in FIG. 4 assume constant values.
  • the outer, thin lines represent the uncertainty band of the input variables.
  • the resulting uncertainty for the calorific value results from the intersection of the uncertainty bands of the input variables (hatched parallelogram in FIGS. 3 and 4).
  • the uncertainty for the calorific value is about 2% in both pictures.
  • a mixture of methane, nitrogen and ethane was chosen as an example, which are the main components of natural natural gases.
  • Other components of the natural gas include. a. Carbon dioxide and hydrocarbon compounds, primarily n-alkanes.
  • the proportion of carbon dioxide in natural gas is low and is subject to only slight fluctuations, so that an average can be specified here.
  • the proportion of n-alkanes in natural gas decreases with increasing number of carbon atoms, so that they only need to be taken into account up to hexane (C 6 H 14 ) or octane (C 8 H 18 ).
  • the proportions of the n-alkanes are subject to a regular distribution and can be calculated using a suitable correlation (e.g. from the IR signal).
  • the resulting uncertainties for the calorific value shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 can also approximately be transferred to natural natural gases.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)

Abstract

Procédé et dispositif de mesure de la puissance calorifique et/ou de l'indice de Wobbe de gaz combustible, en particulier de gaz naturel. Selon ledit procédé, (a) la vitesse du son ou la densité du gaz combustible est mesurée, (b) le gaz combustible est exposé à un rayonnement infrarouge et la partie du rayonnement infrarouge absorbée par le gaz combustible est mesurée à l'aide d'un dispositif capteur, et (c) la puissance calorifique et/ou l'indice de Wobbe sont dérivés des deux signaux de mesure. Le dispositif de mesure de la puissance calorifique comporte un moyen de mesure (8) vers lequel est acheminé un courant partiel du gaz combustible. Le moyen de mesure (8) comporte un appareil de mesure destiné à mesurer la vitesse du son et un dispositif capteur (3), ce dernier étant composé pour l'essentiel d'une source de rayonnement infrarouge et d'un détecteur de rayonnement associé à la source de rayonnement. Les signaux de l'appareil de mesure (9) et du dispositif capteur (3) sont envoyés à une unité d'évaluation (5) dans laquelle la puissance calorifique et/ou l'indice Wobbe sont calculés à l'aide d'une corrélation.
EP00910660A 1999-02-24 2000-02-10 Procede et dispositif de mesure de la puissance calorifique et/ou de l'indice de wobbe de gaz combustible, en particulier de gaz naturel Withdrawn EP1181531A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19908046 1999-02-24
DE19908046 1999-02-24
DE19921167A DE19921167A1 (de) 1999-02-24 1999-05-07 Verfahren und Anordnung zur Messung des Brennwertes und/oder des Wobbeindexes von Brenngas, insbesondere von Erdgas
DE19921167 1999-05-07
PCT/EP2000/001054 WO2000050874A1 (fr) 1999-02-24 2000-02-10 Procede et dispositif de mesure de la puissance calorifique et/ou de l'indice de wobbe de gaz combustible, en particulier de gaz naturel

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1181531A1 true EP1181531A1 (fr) 2002-02-27

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Family Applications (1)

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EP00910660A Withdrawn EP1181531A1 (fr) 1999-02-24 2000-02-10 Procede et dispositif de mesure de la puissance calorifique et/ou de l'indice de wobbe de gaz combustible, en particulier de gaz naturel

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1181531A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2000050874A1 (fr)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10054023B2 (en) 2014-02-28 2018-08-21 Scania Cv Ab Exhaust treatment system and method for treatment of an exhaust stream
US10344647B2 (en) 2015-08-27 2019-07-09 Scania Cv Ab Method and system for a first and a second supply of additive to an exhaust gas stream from an internal combustion engine
US10495569B2 (en) 2015-06-05 2019-12-03 Scania Cv Ab Method and a system for determining a composition of a gas mix in a vehicle
US10724460B2 (en) 2015-08-27 2020-07-28 Scania Cv Ab Method and system for treatment of an exhaust gas stream
US10807041B2 (en) 2015-08-27 2020-10-20 Scania Cv Ab Exhaust treatment system and method for treatment of an exhaust gas stream
US10837338B2 (en) 2015-08-27 2020-11-17 Scania Cv Ab Method and exhaust treatment system for treatment of an exhaust gas stream
US10920632B2 (en) 2015-08-27 2021-02-16 Scania Cv Ab Method and exhaust treatment system for treatment of an exhaust gas stream
US11007481B2 (en) 2015-08-27 2021-05-18 Scania Cv Ab Exhaust treatment system and method for treatment of an exhaust gas stream

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2827961B1 (fr) 2001-07-30 2004-01-23 Dalkia Methode de determination d'au moins une propriete energetique d'un melange combustible gazeux par mesure de proprietes physiques du melange gazeux
GB2427280A (en) * 2005-06-15 2006-12-20 Polymeters Response Internat L A gas meter with means for detecting non-combustable contaminants
ITMI20071047A1 (it) * 2007-05-23 2008-11-24 Nuovo Pignone Spa Metodo ed apparato per il controllo della combustione in una turbina a gas
EP3961195A1 (fr) * 2020-08-28 2022-03-02 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif de mesure permettant de déterminer la valeur de combustion ou de chauffage d'un gaz de combustion contenant des hydrocarbures

Citations (2)

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DE19707659A1 (de) * 1997-02-26 1998-08-27 Betr Forsch Inst Angew Forsch Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Messen verbrennungstechnischer Eigenschaften von Gasen
EP0882977A1 (fr) * 1997-06-06 1998-12-09 Gaz De France Procédé et dispositif de détermination en temps réel du pouvoir calorifique d'un gaz naturel par voie optique

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US4246773A (en) * 1978-03-31 1981-01-27 Osaka Gas Company Ltd. Combustion property of gas measuring apparatus
DE2928739C2 (de) * 1979-07-17 1981-03-19 Ruhrgas Ag, 4300 Essen Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur verbrennungslosen Messung und/oder Regelung der Wärmemengenzufuhr zu Gasverbrauchseinrichtungen
DE4336174C2 (de) * 1993-10-22 2003-09-18 Ruhrgas Ag Verfahren zur verbrennungslosen Messung und/oder Regelung der Wärmemengenzufuhr zu Gasverbrauchseinrichtungen
DE19650302A1 (de) * 1996-12-04 1998-06-10 Ruhrgas Ag Verfahren sowie Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung der Gasbeschaffenheit einer Gasmischung

Patent Citations (3)

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DE19707659A1 (de) * 1997-02-26 1998-08-27 Betr Forsch Inst Angew Forsch Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Messen verbrennungstechnischer Eigenschaften von Gasen
EP0882977A1 (fr) * 1997-06-06 1998-12-09 Gaz De France Procédé et dispositif de détermination en temps réel du pouvoir calorifique d'un gaz naturel par voie optique
US6157455A (en) * 1997-06-06 2000-12-05 Gaz De France Method and apparatus for determining the calorific value of a natural gas optically and in real time

Non-Patent Citations (2)

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LUEPTOW RICHARD M ET AL.: "Acoustic sensor for determining combustion properties of natural gas", MEAS. SCI. TECHNOL., vol. 5, no. 11, 1 November 1994 (1994-11-01), BRISTOL, GB, pages 1375 - 1381, XP020065812, ISSN: 0957-0233 *
See also references of WO0050874A1 *

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10626769B2 (en) 2014-02-28 2020-04-21 Scania Cv Ab Exhaust treatment system and method for treatment of an exhaust stream
US10260392B2 (en) 2014-02-28 2019-04-16 Scania Cv Ab Method and system for controlling nitrogen oxide emissions from a combustion engine
US10260391B2 (en) 2014-02-28 2019-04-16 Scania Cv Ab Exhaust treatment system and method for treatment of an exhaust stream
US10267198B2 (en) 2014-02-28 2019-04-23 Scania Cv Ab Device and method for impacting the amount of nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine
US10267197B2 (en) 2014-02-28 2019-04-23 Scania Cv Ab System and method for purification of an exhaust stream by use of two reduction catalysts
US10273851B2 (en) 2014-02-28 2019-04-30 Scania Cv Ab Exhaust treatment system and method for treatment of an exhaust stream
US10273852B2 (en) 2014-02-28 2019-04-30 Scania Cv Ab Exhaust treatment system and method for treatment of an exhaust stream
US10273850B2 (en) 2014-02-28 2019-04-30 Scania Cv Ab Method and system for controlling nitrogen oxide emissions from a combustion engine
US10054023B2 (en) 2014-02-28 2018-08-21 Scania Cv Ab Exhaust treatment system and method for treatment of an exhaust stream
US10364724B2 (en) 2014-02-28 2019-07-30 Scania Cv Ab Device and method comprising double reducing devices and a catalytically coated particle filter for treatment of an exhaust stream
US10495569B2 (en) 2015-06-05 2019-12-03 Scania Cv Ab Method and a system for determining a composition of a gas mix in a vehicle
US10344647B2 (en) 2015-08-27 2019-07-09 Scania Cv Ab Method and system for a first and a second supply of additive to an exhaust gas stream from an internal combustion engine
US10724460B2 (en) 2015-08-27 2020-07-28 Scania Cv Ab Method and system for treatment of an exhaust gas stream
US10807041B2 (en) 2015-08-27 2020-10-20 Scania Cv Ab Exhaust treatment system and method for treatment of an exhaust gas stream
US10837338B2 (en) 2015-08-27 2020-11-17 Scania Cv Ab Method and exhaust treatment system for treatment of an exhaust gas stream
US10920632B2 (en) 2015-08-27 2021-02-16 Scania Cv Ab Method and exhaust treatment system for treatment of an exhaust gas stream
US11007481B2 (en) 2015-08-27 2021-05-18 Scania Cv Ab Exhaust treatment system and method for treatment of an exhaust gas stream

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2000050874A1 (fr) 2000-08-31

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