EP1181414A1

EP1181414A1 - Purpose-made brick

Info

Publication number: EP1181414A1
Application number: EP00936842A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Rolf Scheiwiller
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1999-06-02
Filing date: 2000-05-31
Publication date: 2002-02-27
Anticipated expiration: 2020-05-31
Also published as: DE19925352A1; WO2000075431A1; DE50005910D1; EP1181414B1; ATE263284T1

Abstract

The invention relates to a purpose-made brick which is laid to form a longitudinal structure and which comprises an essentially rectangular surface with longitudinal and transversal sides provided with spacing means or splined means such as ribs. Each section of the longitudinal sides (2, 3) separated by a transversal mid-plane (7) comprises as least two ribs (12, 13; 14, 15), whereby the rib (12; 15) situated nearer to a transversal side (4, 5) of the purpose-made brick (1) forms a spline pair with a rib (13; 14) of an opposing brick, said rib (13; 14) being situated farther from a transversal side (4, 5). This spline pair is located at a distance, equivalent to at least the width of a rib, from the spline pair that is formed by the rib (13; 14) situated farther from the transversal side (4, 5) and by the rib (12; 15) of the opposing brick, said rib (12; 15) being situated closer to the transversal side (4, 5), whereby the rib (13; 14) situated farther from the transversal side (4, 5) is arranged on a trapezoidal projecting part (16, 17) which is symmetric to the transversal mid-plane (7) and which has lateral shoulders (18-21).

Description

"Shaped stone"

The invention relates to a molded block for laying in a longitudinal bond with an essentially rectangular base, with longitudinal and transverse sides and spacing or toothing means such as cams.

Shaped stones are known from the prior art which have a substantially rectangular base area and have shoulders with lateral shoulders arranged parallel to the longitudinal center plane and symmetrically to the transverse center plane. These stones are laid in a longitudinal bond. A disadvantage of these stones is that the half-stones drift out of the bandage at the laying edges that run transversely to the longitudinal bandage, because their shape does not keep them in the bandage. Furthermore, with this known shaped block, it is hardly possible for rainwater to seep away in the butt joints, since the shaped blocks lie close together with their side faces.

The object of the invention is to develop a shaped block which, in addition to optimal toothing and spacing, also has good water permeability.

In an embodiment of the invention, it is a further object to increase the strength of the stones and to create a water drain that is not visually recognizable. This object is achieved in connection with the preamble of claim 1 according to the invention in that each section of the longitudinal sides separated by a transverse central plane has at least two cams, the cams closer to a transverse side of the molded block forming a pair of teeth with a cam of a counter block further away from a transverse side is at least one cam width apart from the pair of teeth, which forms the cam further away from the transverse side with the cam of the counter block closer to the transverse side, the cam further away from the transverse side being arranged on a trapezoidal shoulder with lateral shoulders symmetrical to the transverse central plane. The formation of tooth pairs, which consist of only two cams, on the one hand ensures that the shaped block is in engagement and contact with the respective counter block at several points along its longitudinal side, so that the molded block and the counter block are aligned parallel to one another and are non-displaceable . On the other hand, it is ensured that there is still sufficient side surface along the long side of the shaped block between the pairs of teeth for the formation of drainage ducts. Another advantage is that this interlocking allows optimal grouting with sand. In addition, production with a simple tool is possible, since the undercuts of the shaped stone are evenly distributed on its surface.

According to a preferred embodiment, the shaped stone is also present as a half stone, which is created by dividing the shaped stone in the region of the transverse median plane. In this way it is possible to design the edges of a stone field running transversely to the longitudinal structure as straight edges.

Furthermore, it is advantageous to at least one of the cams closer to a transverse side or longitudinal side of the shaped block to arrange half the cam width from the adjacent long side or transverse side. This ensures that the forces that this cam experiences as a distance and / or toothing means through the counter block or transmits to the counter block do not act on a sensitive corner area of the shaped block, so that breaking off or cracking of a corner area is unlikely.

According to a particularly advantageous embodiment of the subject of the invention, water drainage ducts are formed between the pairs of teeth. This ensures that the shaped stone has two water drainage chutes on its long sides and that the water on the stone surface only has to cover short distances to the next drainage chute.

According to a very particularly advantageous embodiment of the subject matter of the invention, the water drainage ducts are designed between the opposite shoulders of the heels of a molded block and a counter block. This arrangement makes optimal use of the distance between the pairs of teeth, since the diagonal distance between the pairs of teeth is always longer than the distance between the parallel to the long side

Gear pairs. This means that the cross-section of the drainage shaft is directly influenced by this measure.

It is also advantageous if the shoulder of the heel is set back towards the middle of the stone. This measure in turn has a positive effect on the size of the cross-section of the drainage shaft. Whereby by moving the shoulder of the heel back to the center of the stone, the shape of the shaped stone is changed only in its dimensions and not in its essence, so that the measure of moving the shoulder back when looking at the laid shaped stones is practically not noticeable. It is also advantageous to make the shoulders of the heel concave towards the middle of the stone. This measure in turn has a positive influence on the cross-section of the drainage shaft and also gives the molded stone or the molded stone laid in the bond a special note, since the concave shoulder of the molded stone together with the concave shoulder of the counter-stone again forms an appealing, symmetrical pattern .

A particularly advantageous embodiment of the subject matter of the invention exists if the shaped block has channels running on its underside in a mirror-symmetrical manner to the transverse center plane. This measure makes it possible to connect the individual drain shafts of the shaped block to one another and to prevent the channel from running in the transverse central plane of the shaped block. The resistance of the molded block to bending stress is thus greatly increased, since weakening of the molded block is avoided precisely at the point which is most critical for bending stress.

A particularly advantageous embodiment of the subject matter of the invention is present when the channels connect those water drainage shafts which lie opposite one another with respect to the line of intersection of the longitudinal center plane with the transverse center plane, the channels intersecting. This measure creates a channel system that not only allows the water to flow away in the longitudinal direction, but also allows the water to move in all directions under the stone structure. It is therefore possible for the water to drain off in all directions from places where it cannot seep away, and the risk of puddling due to water build-up on the stone surface is therefore lower. In order to enlarge the channel area or the area over which the water seeps away, it is further advantageous that the water drainage chutes each have a first channel which connects them to the water drainage chute opposite the longitudinal median plane, and a second channel which connects them connects with the water drainage duct opposite with respect to the line of intersection of the longitudinal median plane with the transverse median plane.

A further advantageous embodiment of the subject matter of the invention exists if each section of the transverse side has at least two cams, the cam closer to the longitudinal center plane forming a pair of teeth with a cam of a counter block further away from the longitudinal center plane, which is spaced apart from the pair of teeth which is more distal to the cam center plane forms with the cams of the counter block closer to the longitudinal center plane, and wherein the cam close to the longitudinal center plane forms a third pair of teeth together with that of the counter block close to the longitudinal center plane. Through this embodiment, three pairs of teeth are formed in a confined space, which prevent displacement of the molded block against the counter block along the transverse side in two directions.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the subject matter of the invention, the shaped stone has a greening recess symmetrical to the longitudinal center plane on the transverse side. This measure makes it possible to obtain a relatively large greening recess by a slight intervention in the contour of the shaped stone, since the entire greening recess is formed by two shaped stones.

An advantageous embodiment of the subject matter of the invention is provided in that one side of the greening recess merges continuously into the cam remote from the longitudinal center plane. This ensures that a stable transition without the formation of an additional shoulder is formed between the transverse side of the shaped block and the greening recess.

It is also advantageous if the greening recess is connected to at least one water drainage shaft via at least one channel. As a result, the plant sitting in the greening recess can not only absorb the water supplied to it from the top of the shaped stones, but it is also supplied with water from below and thereby contributes to the water being drained through the water drainage chutes being quickly absorbed.

Further details of the invention are described in the drawing using schematically illustrated exemplary embodiments.

Here shows

1 is a perspective view of a shaped block with cams and channels,

2 is a perspective view of a molded block with cams,

3 shows a side view of the shaped block shown in FIG. 1,

4 is a top view of the shaped block shown in FIG. 1,

5 shows a half stone designed analogously to FIG. 2,

FIG. 6 shows a half stone designed analogously to FIG. 2 in a view rotated by 180 °,

7 shows a half stone designed analogously to FIG. 1,

8 shows a half stone designed analogously to FIG. 1 in a view rotated by 180 °,

9 is a side view of the half-stone shown in Fig. 7,

10 is a plan view of the half stone shown in FIG. 7,

11 is a plan view of shaped stones laid in the association,

12 shows a further top view of shaped stones laid in the association,

Fig. 13 is a plan view of laid in the bandage

Shaped stones with cams offset on the long sides.

In Fig. 1, a molded block 1 is shown in a perspective view. The shaped block 1 has long sides 2, 3 and transverse sides 4, 5. The shaped block 1 is divided by a longitudinal median plane 6 and a transverse median plane 7. The longitudinal center plane 6 and the transverse center plane 7 intersect in a line of intersection 8. On the longitudinal sides 2, 3 and the transverse sides 4, 5, the shaped block 1 has spacing or toothing means 9. These are visible in Fig. 1 as cams 10 to 15. On the long sides 2, 3 shoulders 16, 17, which are mirror-symmetrical to the transverse central plane 7, are arranged. Paragraphs 16, 17 have at an angle to the Longitudinal sides 2, 3 shoulders 18 to 21. The shaped block is essentially delimited by a contour 22 which is formed by an upper edge 23, side edges 24 and a lower edge 25. According to an alternative embodiment, not shown, the edges 23, 24, 25 are optionally provided with chamfers. As a result, an attractive appearance and an insensitivity of the edges 23, 24, 25 to small damage is achieved.

The cams 10 to 15 have contact surfaces 26, thrust surfaces 27 with shoulders 27a and cover surfaces 28, the cover surfaces 28 rising from the contact surfaces 26 to the long sides 2, 3 and to the transverse sides 4, 5. The push surfaces 27 also form an oblique transition from the contact surfaces 26 to the long sides 2, 3 or transverse sides 4, 5. The molded block 1 has an upper side 29 and an underside 30, 30 channels 31 being embedded in the underside which admit the Long sides 2, 3 open.

FIG. 2 shows the perspective view of a shaped block 1, which is designed analogously to FIG. 1, but has no channels 31. Such a stone can be provided under covered surfaces or on substrates that allow water to seep through.

In Fig. 3, the shaped block 1 shown in Fig. 1 is shown in a side view. It can be seen that the longitudinal side 2 of the shaped block 1 is divided into a section 32 and a section 33 by the transverse center plane 7. The sections 32, 33 are symmetrical to each other. In section 32 there is the cam 12 closer to the transverse side 4 and the cam 13 further away from the transverse side 4. In section 32 it can also be seen that the channel 31 opens in the region of the shoulder 20.

Fig. 4 shows the shaped block 1 shown in Fig. 1 in one Top view. In this illustration, further cams 34 to 39 can be seen. It can be clearly seen that the cams 12 to 15 are arranged mirror-symmetrically to the cams 34 to 37 with respect to the longitudinal center plane 6.

5 shows a shaped stone 41 designed as a half stone 40. The half-stone 40 emerges from the shaped stone 1 essentially by dividing the shaped stone 1 along a plane 7a which is parallel to the transverse central plane 7 and displaced in the direction of the transverse side 4. The half-stone 40 forms a partition 42 in the region of the plane 7a.

In FIG. 6, the half-stone 40 is shown in a view rotated by 180 ° compared to the illustration in FIG. 5. The partition 42 has spacing or toothing means 9, which are designed as cams 43, 44. The longitudinal center plane 6 forms a section line 8a with the dividing wall 42. The half-stone 40 is also mirror-symmetrical to the longitudinal center plane 6 with respect to its long sides 2, 3. The cams 43, 44 have a depth t. The half-stone 40 has a length 1. With regard to the shaped block 1, which has a length L (see FIG. 4), it applies that two assembled half stones 40 form a composite stone, the length of which corresponds to the length L of the shaped block. Hence the formula L «2 1 + t applies.

7 and 8 show, in analogy to FIGS. 5 and 6, half stones 40 which have channels 31.

FIG. 9 shows a side view of the half stone 40 shown in FIG. 7.

FIG. 10 shows the top view of the half-stone 40 shown in FIG. 9. This view in turn shows the cams 43, 44 arranged on the partition wall 42. The shaped block 41 shows exactly the same as that shown in FIG. 4 Molded stone 1 on its transverse side 4, a cam 11 closer to the longitudinal center plane 6 and a cam 10 further away from the longitudinal central plane 6. In analogy to the transverse side 5 of the shaped stone 1 shown in FIG. 4, the molded stone 41 on its transverse side 5 shows the distance or toothing means 9 corresponding partition 42 a cam 44 closer to the longitudinal center plane 6 (38 in FIG. 4) and a cam 43 further away from the longitudinal central plane 6 (39 in FIG. 4). This arrangement of the cams 43, 44 on the dividing wall 42 makes it possible to place two half stones 40 with their dividing walls 42 against one another and thereby practically obtain a solid stone. This option creates so-called parking lines 80 (see FIG. 12).

1 to 10 it can be seen that the spacing or toothing means 9 are at a distance a from the side edge 24 (see FIG. 7) which corresponds to at least half the cam width b (see FIG. 7).

11 shows a bandage 45 of shaped stones 1 and 41, which have pairs of teeth 45a to 45e. Specifically, these are stones 46 to 51. The bandage 45 has an edge 52 which runs perpendicular to the longitudinal bandage of the stones. With the help of the stone 51, which is a half stone 40, it is explained how this is held in the bandage 45. The stone 51 is supported with its cams 12, 13 and 34, 35 in the west direction (see rosette in FIG. 11) against the cams 12, 13 of the stone 46 and against the cams 34, 35 of the stone 50. This prevents it from drifting out of the bandage 45 in the west direction. A shift of the stone 51 in the north or south direction is prevented on the one hand by the contact surfaces 26 of the cams 12, 13 and 34, 35 resting on the side walls 2 and 3 of the stones 46 and 50, respectively. On the other hand, the stone 51 is held by the cams 10, 11, which form three pairs of teeth 53, 54, 55 with the cams 10, 11 of the stone 48. A move of the stone 51 in the east direction is prevented by the stone 48, which is supported on the stone 46 or 50 via its cams 34, 35 or 12, 13.

The stones 51, 46 lie opposite each other with their shoulders 19, 20 in the association 45. A water drainage shaft 56 is formed between the shoulders 19, 20 and extends as far as the cam 13 of the stone 51 or 46 and has a cross section 57. By shifting the shoulders 19, 20 in the direction of the straight line 8, 8a belonging to the respective stone. shoulders 19 ', 20', for example. A water drainage duct 56 'with an enlarged cross section 57 "is now formed between the shoulders 19', 20 ', the long sides 2, 3 and the cams 13 of the stones 51, 46. This enlargement of the water drainage duct 56 does not impair the appearance of the dressing 45, since the contour formed by the upper edge 23 is essentially retained, it still impairs the cohesion of the stones 51, 46, since it is not necessary to do without distance or toothing means 9 for enlarging the water drainage shaft 56.

According to an alternative embodiment, an enlargement of the cross section 57 of the water drainage shaft 56 is also possible through the concave design of the shoulders 19 ″, 20 ″, as shown in broken lines between the stones 51 and 50. This measure results in a water drainage duct 56 ″ with a cross section 57 ″, which loosens up the strict appearance of the dressing 45 due to its soft shape.

Furthermore, the stones 48, 50 show the channels 31 lying on the underside 30. According to a first embodiment, the shaped stone 1 or the stone 48 has channels 58, 59 which connect the water drainage shafts 56 opposite one another with respect to the longitudinal center plane 6. By this measure creates a system of channels 31 running parallel to one another in the association 45.

According to a further embodiment it is provided that channels 60, 61 which connect with respect to the longitudinal center plane 6 diagonally opposite water drainage ducts 56 and intersect at an intersection 62. With this arrangement, it is possible that the water to be discharged can flow not only parallel to the transverse median plane 7, but also in the direction of the longitudinal median plane 6. This has the particular advantage that the dressing 45 can also be drained towards the edge 52.

According to a further embodiment variant, it is provided that both the channels 58, 59 and the channels 60, 61 are attached to the underside 30 of a shaped block 1. This creates further intersection points 63 in which the channel 59 intersects with the channels 60, 61 and the channel 58 intersects with the channels 60, 61. This channel system has the particular advantage that the channel system can temporarily store a large amount of water with minimal weakening of the bending stiffness of the molded block 1 and a clogged individual channel does not form an absolute flow obstacle, since the water, for example in the case of a blocked channel 58, still flows through the channels 61, 60 can flow.

According to a development of the invention (see FIG. 12), greening recesses 71 can be provided on the shaped stones 1, 41 in the region of the transverse sides 4, 5. A greening island 72 results from the adjoining greenery recesses 71, for example of stones 66 and 67. As shown by broken lines in stone 67, greening islands 72 can be provided by channels 73, 74, which are in addition to the existing channel system or alone can be supplied with water. That way ensures that the plant 72 growing in the greening island is optimally supplied with water.

FIG. 13 shows a top view of the bandage 45. The shaped blocks 1 have cams 12 to 15 and 34 to 37 on the longitudinal sides 2, 3, which are offset with respect to the longitudinal center plane 6. This arrangement of the spacing or toothing means 9 on the long sides 2, 3 offers the advantage that the half-stone 40 adjoining the edge 52 of the bandage 45 adjoins the shaped stones lying on its long sides 2, 3 in both the east and west direction 1 can support. Thus, the half-stone 40 can divert loads in the west direction via the shaped stone 1 lying on its longitudinal side 2 and via the shaped stone 1 lying on its transverse side 4. Loads in the east direction are derived via the shaped stone 1 lying on the long side 3 of the half stone 40. Forces occurring are optimally distributed to the dressing 45.

The dressing 45 has a grid 75. This grid is formed from grid lines 76, 77. The grid lines 76 run parallel to the transverse center planes 7 of the shaped blocks 1 and cut the spacing or toothing means 9 arranged on the transverse sides 4, 5 of the shaped blocks 1 in the center. The grid lines 77 run parallel to the longitudinal center planes 6 of the shaped blocks 1 and cut the cams 12, 15 and 34, 37 arranged on the longitudinal sides 2, 3 in the center. The grid 75 was not entered in FIGS. 11 and 12 in order to keep these figures clear. Reference symbol list:

1 shaped stone

2 long side

3 long side

4 short side

5 short side

6 long middle level

7 transverse level

7a level

8 straight line

8a straight line

9 distance or gear means

10 - 15 cams

16 paragraph

17 paragraph

18-21 shoulder

22 contour

23 top edge

24 side edge

25 bottom edge

26 contact surface

27 push surface

27a shoulder

28 top surface

29 top

30 bottom

31 channel

32 section

33 section

34 - 39 cams

40 half stones

41 shaped stone

42 partition

43 cams

44 cams

45 bandage 45a pair of teeth

45b pair of teeth

45c pair of teeth

45d pair of teeth

45e pair of teeth

47 - 49 pair of gears

46 - 51 stone

52 edging

53 - 55 pair of gears

56 water drainage shaft

57 cross section

58 - 61 channel

62 crossing point

63 - 70 stone

71 greening recess

72 greening island

73 channel

74 channel

75 grids

76 grid line

77 grid line

80 parking line

Claims

Claims:

1. Shaped stone for laying in a longitudinal association with an essentially rectangular base with longitudinal and

Transverse sides and spacing or toothing means such as cams, characterized in that each section of the longitudinal sides (2, 3) separated by a transverse central plane (7) has at least two cams (12, 13; 14, 15; 34, 35; 36, 37) , the cam (12; 15; 34; 37) closer to a transverse side (4, 5) of the shaped block (1) having a pair of teeth with a cam (13; 14; 35; 36) further away from a transverse side (4, 5) (45a), which is spaced at least one cam width (b) from the pair of teeth (45b), which is the cam (13; 14; 35; 36) farther from the transverse side (4, 5) with that of the transverse side (4, 5 ) forms closer cams (12; 15; 34; 37) of the counter block, the cams (13; 14; 35; 36) further away from the transverse side (4, 5) on a trapezoidal shoulder (16, symmetrical to the transverse central plane (7) 17) with side shoulders (18-21).

2. Shaped stone according to claim 1, characterized in that a half stone (40) by halving the shaped stone (1) in the transverse central plane (7) results, minus half the depth of a cam provided there (43, 44).

3. Shaped stone according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one of the transverse side (4, 5) or longitudinal side (2, 3) of the shaped stone (1, 41) closer cams (12, 34, 37, 15, 10, 39 ) with its short side (4, 5) or Shoulder (27a) near the long side (2, 3) has at least a distance (a) from the transverse side (4, 5) or long side (2, 3) which corresponds to half the cam width (b).

4. Shaped stone according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that water drainage ducts (56) are formed between the pairs of teeth (45a, 45b).

5. Shaped stone according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the water drainage chutes (56) are mainly between the opposite shoulders (18-21) of the paragraphs (16, 17) of the shaped stones (1, 41) and the counterstones.

6. Shaped stone according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shoulder (18-21) of the paragraph (16, 17) is set back towards the center of the stone.

7. Shaped stone according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shoulder (18-21) is concave towards the center of the stone.

8. Shaped stone according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shaped stone (1) on its underside (30) has channels (31) extending mirror-symmetrically to the transverse center plane (7).

9. Shaped stone according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that through the channels (31) Water drainage shafts (56) are connected, which lie opposite one another with respect to the longitudinal median plane (6).

10. Shaped stone according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the water drainage ducts (56) are connected through the channels (31), which face each other with respect to the intersecting line (8) of the longitudinal median plane (6) with the transverse median plane (7), whereby cross the channels.

11. Shaped stone according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the water drainage chutes (56) each in a first channel (58, 59) which connects them to the water drainage chute (56) opposite the longitudinal center plane (6), and in a second Channel (60, 61), which connects it to the water drainage shaft (56) opposite with respect to the intersecting line (8) of the longitudinal median plane (6) with the transverse median plane (7).

12. Shaped brick according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each transverse side (4,5) has at least two cams (10, 11; 38, 39), the cam (11, 38) closer to the longitudinal center plane (6) having one the cam (10; 39) further away from the longitudinal center plane (6) of a counter block forms a pair of teeth (45c) which is spaced apart from the pair of teeth (45d), which cam (10; 39) further away from the longitudinal center plane (6) and that of the longitudinal center plane ( 6) forms closer cams (11, 38) of the counter block, and the cams closer to the longitudinal median plane (6) (11; 38) together with the cam (11; 38) of the counter block closer to the longitudinal center plane (6) forms a third pair of teeth (45e).

13. Shaped stone according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shaped stone (1) on the transverse side (4, 5) has a greening recess (71) symmetrical to the longitudinal center plane (6).

14. Molded stone according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one side of the

Greening recess (71) merges continuously into the cams (10; 39) further away from the longitudinal median plane (6).

15. Shaped stone according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the greening recess (71) via a channel (31) with at least one water drainage shaft (56) is connected.