EP1177020A2 - Clubs systeme d'optimisation de clubs de golf - Google Patents

Clubs systeme d'optimisation de clubs de golf

Info

Publication number
EP1177020A2
EP1177020A2 EP00926248A EP00926248A EP1177020A2 EP 1177020 A2 EP1177020 A2 EP 1177020A2 EP 00926248 A EP00926248 A EP 00926248A EP 00926248 A EP00926248 A EP 00926248A EP 1177020 A2 EP1177020 A2 EP 1177020A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
club
clubs
length
golfer
perceived
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP00926248A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Howard B. Sosin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Feil Golf LLC
Original Assignee
Feil Golf LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Feil Golf LLC filed Critical Feil Golf LLC
Publication of EP1177020A2 publication Critical patent/EP1177020A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B60/00—Details or accessories of golf clubs, bats, rackets or the like
    • A63B60/46—Measurement devices associated with golf clubs, bats, rackets or the like for measuring physical parameters relating to sporting activity, e.g. baseball bats with impact indicators or bracelets for measuring the golf swing
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B53/00—Golf clubs
    • A63B53/005—Club sets
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B60/00—Details or accessories of golf clubs, bats, rackets or the like
    • A63B60/42—Devices for measuring, verifying, correcting or customising the inherent characteristics of golf clubs, bats, rackets or the like, e.g. measuring the maximum torque a batting shaft can withstand
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B60/00—Details or accessories of golf clubs, bats, rackets or the like
    • A63B60/06—Handles
    • A63B60/22—Adjustable handles
    • A63B60/24—Weighted handles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a system for constructing a set of matched golf clubs which are optimized for a particular golfer.
  • the rules of golf allow a golfer to carry a golfer to carry a maximum of fourteen clubs: an assortment of "woods” and “irons,” and usually one "putter.” Golfers select clubs to produce shots of predetermined lengths (carry plus roll) and trajectories. Once clubs have been selected, the golfer's goal is to swing each club in a manner that gives predictable results. It is recognized that the golfer's job is made easier if the same (or a similar) swing works for all clubs: a "repeatable” swing. It is further recognized that a repeatable swing is facilitated by having all of the clubs “feel the same” (or similar) during the swing. A set of clubs which feel the same to the golfer is said to be "matched.”
  • Club manufacturers offer a vast array of clubs for golfers to choose from. Within a set, manufacturers typically seek to match clubs (often separating woods and irons) by having the club heads have similar shape and be made of similar materials. Additionally, sets usually have uniform grips and shafts (material and flexibility) and some manufacturers allow the golfer to customize club length and/or lie.
  • “Swing weighting” systems generally match clubs according to their first inertial moment about an arbitrarily selected point twelve inches (“Lorythmic scale”) or fourteen inches (“Official scale”) from the butt end of the club (see, U.S. Patent Nos. 4,128,242 to Elkins, Jr. and 4,887,815 to Hughes et al.).
  • Related systems have been proposed to balance the club about a point closer to the grip, e.g., five inches from the butt end of the shaft (see, U.S. Patent No. 4,674,324 to Benoit).
  • Other methods include matching the first inertial moment and/or the second inertial moment (see, U.S. Patent No.
  • the present invention provides a method of designing a matched set of golf clubs which takes into account both objective parameters which control the motion of the ball in response to an impact from a club head, and subjective parameters related to individual preferences in "feel” and idiosyncracies of a particular golfer's swing.
  • the invention comprises a method of designing a golf club, comprising detemining relationships relating tempo (how fast the golfer swings) and perceived force (how much force is applied along the shaft) to club length and club head mass for a particular golfer.
  • Two parameters are selected from the following group of three: target distance, club length (and shaft flexibility), and preferred trajectory for the ball, and then these parameters are used with the tempo and perceived force functions to determine the third parameter and the club head mass for the golf club design.
  • Tempo may be measured by the speed of the golfer's hands at the moment of impact, and perceived force by the centripetal force along the shaft of the club at the moment of impact.
  • an effective arm length may be determined, for example by measuring the actual arm length of the golfer, or the distance from the golfer's hands to his sternum or collarbone in address position. Trajectory may be controlled by varying the club head loft, which may be the design loft (i.e., manufacturer's intended loft) or the effective loft (i.e., impact loft). Exemplary functions for tempo and perceived force with club length (or club length plus arm length) include constant, linear, or power-law relationships. The method may comprise designing multiple clubs fitting the tempo and perceived force functions. One or more of the clubs may be weighted in order to reduce the variation in perceived length over the multiple clubs.
  • Perceived length may be determined by the radius of gyration around a selected center point, which may be determined as described below.
  • a club design method according to this aspect of the invention may include designing a set of up to thirteen golf clubs, all of which obey selected tempo and perceived force functions and having reduced variation in perceived length over the set. The method may further include constructing the clubs, using, for example, a CAD/CAM system.
  • the invention includes a method of determining the personal center of gyration of a golfer, by having the golfer swing a test club and a weighted comparison club. First the golfer swings the test club to feel its perceived length. Then the golfer swings a comparison club one or more times, while weight is added to the comparison club at a selected point on the shaft, until the clubs feel as though they have the same club length to the golfer. The point around which the test club and the weighted comparison club have the same radius of gyration is then determined.
  • This aspect of the invention further includes constructing a plurality of clubs having reduced variation in their radii of gyration around the center point determined according to this method.
  • the invention includes a matched set of clubs (or a subset) for a golfer.
  • Each club of the matched set has a target distance (or preferred trajectory) and a club length, and the tempo of the clubs when swung by the golfer to achieve the target distances has a selected functional relationship to the club length (the relationship should actually constrain the club design).
  • the functional relationship may be, for example, constant, linear, polynomial, or power-law.
  • the invention comprises a matched set of golf clubs which have a selected relationship between perceived force and club length when swung to achieve a set of target distances (or preferred trajectories).
  • Perceived force may be determined by the centripetal force applied along the shaft at impact, and the tempo may be determined by the speed of the golfer's hands at impact.
  • clubs Preferably, clubs have selected functional relationships for both tempo and perceived force.
  • Clubs may further have optimized lean angle as described in U.S. Patent Application 08/248,515.
  • Clubs may be constructed, for example, using a CAD/CAM system.
  • club length means the length of a club as measured from the butt end of the shaft to the center of mass of the club head.
  • Figure 1 plots of club head mass as a function of club length for three sets of clubs according to the invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view of a club weighted to adjust the radius of gyration according to the invention.
  • a logical starting point (although not the only possible starting point) in the design of a set of clubs is for the golfer to specify target distances (carry and roll) and trajectories for up to 13 clubs (leaving one space in the set for a putter) that he could expect to achieve with reasonable consistency with a full swing given his physical parameters and swing characteristics.
  • target distances for example, a reasonably advanced golfer might specify target distances of 250, 225, 200, 187.5, 175, 162.5, 150, 137.5,
  • desired trajectory is fully described either by the design loft of the club head (the manufacturer's intended loft), or by the effective loft of the club head (the actual loft at impact) each as more fully defined in copending and commonly assigned U.S. Patent application 09/248,515, filed February 8, 1999, which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • each target distance can be achieved by an infinite number of combinations of club head masses and lofts, club lengths and shaft flexibilities, and swing speeds.
  • a table (hereinafter, the Table) could be constructed that, to any degree of fineness desired, shows how varying these parameters varies the distance (and trajectory) achieved.
  • An automatic ball striking machine could be used to construct such a Table.
  • the Table could be constructed by carefully observing the results of golfers hitting balls with various clubs.
  • the values in the Table might be determined by analytical calculations. A golfer may wish to base his target distances and trajectories off the longest distance he can consistently achieve (typically with a driver).
  • club head weight can be held at a suitable constant level (e.g., 200 g) while optimizing club length (and shaft flex) and club head loft.
  • club head weight can be allowed to vary club head weight in the following procedure in order to determine a maximum driving distance.
  • the length which allows the golfer to generate the maximum club head speed (where, ceteris paribus, speed is a surrogate for impact force) can be determined using various known devices for the measurement of club head speed at impact. Once the maximum consistently achievable club head speed is known, the other parameters
  • loft, club head weight, etc. can be varied (using analytical or empirical methods, or by having a golfer attempt to swing the club at a constant speed) to determine the combination of parameters that achieves the golfer's maximum driving distance. Knowing his maximum driving distance would allow a golfer to choose useful target distances for the remaining clubs.
  • the present invention suggests that two parameters should be used to select amongst possible clubs for each desired target distance and trajectory: the force the golfer wants to feel at the time he strikes the ball with the club (his "perceived force” function), and how fast he wants to swing the club (his "tempo” function).
  • the invention further teaches that a golfer will be better able to achieve a repeatable swing
  • perceived force is measured by the centripetal force at the point of impact of the club head with the ball, and tempo is measured by the speed of the golfer's hands (also at the point of impact).
  • perceived length is measured by the radius of gyration calculated around a golfer's personal center (described below).
  • tempo and perceived force are maintained as constants over the set of clubs. This embodiment has been found to lead to club heads that are lighter than those usual in the art. In another preferred embodiment, tempo increases linearly with club length plus arm length over the set of clubs, while perceived force remains constant. The motivation for this preferred embodiment comes from the fact that many golfers swing their longer clubs (for longer shots) with more abandon (i.e., faster) than their shorter clubs, and thus prefer to feel a faster hand speed for the longer clubs, while retaining the same feeling of force at impact. This embodiment has been found to lead to club heads that are heavier than those usual in the art. An embodiment wherein tempo is constant and centripetal force increases linearly with length produces constant weight club heads; an embodiment wherein tempo is constant and centripetal force increases faster than linearly produces club heads that increase in weight as the club length increases.
  • tempo increases with the square root of club length plus arm length, while perceived force remains constant, maintains the ability of the golfer to swing longer clubs with greater abandon, and produces club heads with weights similar to those of prior art clubs.
  • the first two preferred embodiments described in the paragraph above can be considered to be zero-parameter and one -parameter models of a golfer ' s preferred swing characteristics.
  • Higher-order models can also be used, e.g., polynomial or power-law models.
  • the model chosen will depend upon the preferences of the individual golfer, and may be determined subjectively or analytically, for example, by video analysis of the golfer's swing to determine a preferred relationship between hand speed, centripetal force, club length, and club head mass. The number of parameters should be small enough to actually constrain the club selection.
  • the left (leading) arm and the shaft of the club typically will be virtually in line and moving together like an extended shaft.
  • This fact allows determination of the speed of the golfer's hand at impact (the tempo) if his "effective" arm length is known.
  • the effective arm length may be approximated by the actual length of the golfer's arms, or by a length measured from the top of the sternum to the hands when the club is at address position, or by other appropriate measurements of the golfer's body). That is, knowing the impact speed of two club heads (e.g., the driver and another club), the lengths of the clubs and the golfer's effective arm length allows the calculation of hand speed and centripetal force for each club at impact, using the following equations:
  • V han s driver ) ' V dr tV erh e ad .
  • v hanc £driver and v ⁇ club represent the speed of the hands when swinging the driver and the second club, respectively
  • i arm , H dr ⁇ ver , and H club represent the golfer's effective arm length and the lengths of the driver and the second club, respectively
  • ⁇ n drtverhead and tn dubhead represent the masses of the driver head and the second club head, respectively.
  • centripetal force is calculated based only on the contribution due to the mass of the club head (justification for this assumption can be found, for example, in Cochran and Stobbs, Search for the Perfect Swing, p. 145-147, which suggests that at impact the club head can be modeled as being suspended from a length of string). More rigorous computations of centripetal force will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art. Using the model to determine r lempo and r force (the ratios of hand speed and centripetal force of the two clubs), and solving for the mass of the club head (for a specified club length), we calculate
  • points represent individual clubs, and the line represents the ideal functional relationship, assuming an arm length of 33" for the golfer). For example, suppose a golfer with a 33" arm length chooses a 48" driver and a 214 gram club head.
  • the club head weights he would use in the constant, linearly increasing, and square root relationships between hand speed and club length plus arm length would be 251, 346 and 295 grams, respectively.
  • the golfer would complete the wedge design by going to the Table at the target distance and choosing the loft that, when combined with the calculated club head mass, club length (and shaft flexibility), and club head speed, produces the target distance for the wedge.
  • the golfer could specify the desired loft (i.e., trajectory) of the wedge instead of its club length.
  • the Table could once again be used to solve for the missing parameter that satisfies the target distance while maintaining the desired tempo and perceived force.
  • perceived length is approximated by the radius of gyration (ROG).
  • ROG radius of gyration
  • the present invention encompasses the realization that the center of the ROG may be a function of the swing style of a particular golfer, and that a personalized center can be measured for each golfer and used for further optimization and club matching. That is, it is believed that it is beneficial to dynamically match a set of clubs by reducing the variation in or equating their ROGs around the golfer's personal center, and further that it is beneficial for the ROG to be quite short, as compared to that of conventional clubs.
  • These aims can be accomplished in an embodiment of the invention as follows. First, a golfer swings his shortest club (e.g., a wedge), and mentally notes its feel.
  • weight e.g., lead tape
  • the two clubs used in this test will preferably but not necessarily have been optimized for tempo and perceived force as described above.
  • the center of the ROG can be determined analytically, by constructing an equation for the ROG for each club about an unknown center point X.
  • the ROG of the two clubs can then be set equal to solve forN, the golfer's personal center.
  • All remaining clubs in the set can then be weighted so as to equate the ROG to that of the two measured clubs.
  • clubs may be weighted to equate ROG only across subsets of the clubs.
  • a club 10 weighted to adjust the ROG is shown in Figure 2.
  • the weight 12 is placed on the shaft 14 of the club 10.
  • the origin at the butt end of the shaft O, arbitrary position X (positive, as shown), the weight 12 position p we ⁇ ghaci and the length of the club H dub are all shown. It should be noted that golfers are often not used to thinking in terms of perceived length, and steps should be taken to explain the perceived length concept so that the golfer can accurately identify clubs having the same perceived length.
  • the golfer swing prior art i.e., unweighted
  • clubs for example a wedge and a driver
  • the golfer could use a "baseball bat swing” test, in which the golfer (optionally blindfolded) swings clubs horizontally (to avoid hitting the ground for long clubs which nevertheless "feel” short).
  • the baseball bat swing test may either be used directly to test clubs, or may be used to help the golfer identify the "length" perception for clubs which are subsequently swung in a more traditional manner.
  • the golfer can be asked to swing clubs whose ROG variation has been reduced for typical center locations, so that the difference in feel between such modified clubs and traditional clubs can be identified.
  • the ROG of the wedge is simply the distance from Nto the head of the wedge, in this case, 36" - X.
  • the ROG of both clubs is 39".
  • the shortest club receives no weight.
  • an arbitrary club is chosen and weight added until the golfer's swing speed begins to suffer. That is, weight is added which reduces the ROG to the minimum acceptable value for that golfer and that club. Then another club is chosen and weight added to it until the golfer feels that the second club has the same perceived length as the first.
  • the center point X can be analytically determined and the ROG calculated and used to calibrate other clubs. It is possible, however, that the calculations may call for the removal of weight from some clubs (which is usually infeasible). Additionally, the weights added in those embodiments of the invention which minimize ROG can be rather large, and may not be to the liking of all golfers, although it is believed that greater accuracy and consistency will be achievable once golfers become accustomed to the clubs of the invention.
  • weights need not all be placed at the same location on each club shaft, nor is it necessary to place only a single weight on the shaft. Similar calculations will apply, and the appropriate weight to be placed at any point or points on the shaft can be found for each club. If the golfer wishes all his clubs to have the same weight, this can generally be accommodated by solving for the position at which an appropriate weight should be added. It may be, however, that this position will not be on the shaft, in which case the design will have to be modified.
  • the wedge has a head weight of 370 g, and the driver has a head weight of 214 g, a 156 g weight can be placed on the driver shaft, and slid along the shaft until the clubs feel equal. (In the above case, mathematically this would occur when the weight is placed 3.28" from the butt end of the shaft).
  • the club head weight of the wedge is only 295 g, then there is no position where a 29 g weight can be placed on the driver to equate the ROGs. In this case, the ROGs may be equated by weighting both clubs.
  • a 125 g weight is placed on the wedge at a position 27" from the butt end of the shaft (making the total weight 420 g)
  • ROG may be equalized for subsets of the clubs or may be made to vary in a predictable way (e.g., linearly) over the set, so as to at least reduce the variation of the ROG over the set (or a subset) of clubs.
  • Reduced variation in ROG, as that phrase is used herein, means a variation in ROG less than that of a set of clubs having the same club head masses and club lengths, but having no additional weights placed on the shafts.
  • the measurement techniques described for measurement of the ROG may also have utility in determining the "effective arm length" used in the optimization of club lengths, head weights, and lofts.
  • the perceived center may or may not be the same for the ROG and for the centripetal force, but similar techniques involving holding all parameters but one constant and finding the closest match to a known club may be used.
  • Additional weights could be used to match the first and/or second inertial moments, either about the same center as that measured for the ROG or about a different center measured by similar methods.
  • the methods of the invention provide a great deal of data on optimization of golf clubs for a particular user. Given the personalized nature of the data, it may be difficult or impossible to find commercially available club heads in the style preferred by the golfer which satisfy some or all of the criteria of the invention (possibly including the criteria set forth in U.S. Patent Application No. 09/248,515). It may therefore be desirable to make club heads from scratch, and to incorporate these heads into golf clubs having desired club lengths, shaft flexibilities, grips, added weights, etc.
  • a club head can be modeled using a computer-aided design (CAD) system.
  • CAD computer-aided design
  • the basic input to the system would be the golfer's preferred club head design, which he could either specify or choose from options already in the system.
  • the appropriate lie, loft, head mass, lean angle see U.S. Patent Application No.
  • a computer-assisted manufacturing (CAM) system can then be used to make the designed head, which may be made in multiple parts if necessary.
  • CAM systems are commercially available which use investment casting, sand casting, electrochemical machining, electrical discharge machining, computer-controlled conventional machining systems, or other methods of forming one-of-a-kind metal items.
  • additional post-processing machining, etching, or polishing may be necessary. This method allows construction of a truly unique set of clubs, optimized for a single golfer.
  • Table 1 shows the specification for a set of clubs optimized for the inventor.
  • the inventor is 5'8" tall, and has an arm length of 33".
  • the location of his personal center for ROG calculations has been determined to be 7.567" below the butt end of the shaft.
  • His club specifications, all calculated according to the invention i.e., constant centripetal force and hand speed increasing with the square root of club length plus arm length, are as follows:
  • the shafts of these clubs are all regular flex (R) graphite shafts.
  • the added weights at the point 10 inches from the butt end of the shaft in the clubs described above are simply lead tape wrapped around the shaft and secured.
  • This method of weighting the shaft has the advantage that the added mass is easily tailored and applied, but some players may prefer that some or all of the weight be added in the interior (rather than the exterior) of the shaft. It should be noted that equating the ROG over an entire set of clubs may require rather heavy weights on the longer clubs (as demonstrated by the data of Table 1), which may not be practical to place solely in the shaft interior. Depending on the material used for the weights and the available space inside the shaft, embodiments of the invention placing the weights in the interior of the shaft may only be able to equate the ROG over subsets of the clubs.
  • the clubs are significantly longer than standard clubs (especially the woods), and contain substantial added weight. Also, this set of clubs intentionally does not include a 2-iron or 3 -iron.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Golf Clubs (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne des procédés d'optimisation et d'appariement de clubs de golf, et les clubs ainsi appariés. Des clubs sont choisis pour réaliser une correspondance désirée entre la vitesse manuelle au moment de l'impact (tempo) et la force centripète sur les mains au moment de l'impact (effort perçu). Les clubs peuvent aussi être choisis pour minimiser ou égaliser (ou réduire la variation) du rayon de rotation, telle qu'il est mesuré autour d'un point principal qui se détermine de manière individuelle pour chaque golfeur.
EP00926248A 1999-04-21 2000-04-21 Clubs systeme d'optimisation de clubs de golf Withdrawn EP1177020A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US29591399A 1999-04-21 1999-04-21
US295913 1999-04-21
PCT/US2000/010816 WO2000062872A2 (fr) 1999-04-21 2000-04-21 Clubs systeme d'optimisation de clubs de golf

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EP1177020A2 true EP1177020A2 (fr) 2002-02-06

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US (1) US20040087384A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1177020A2 (fr)
AU (1) AU4480800A (fr)
CA (1) CA2370802A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2000062872A2 (fr)

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CA2370802A1 (fr) 2000-10-26
US20040087384A1 (en) 2004-05-06
WO2000062872A2 (fr) 2000-10-26
WO2000062872A3 (fr) 2001-02-01
AU4480800A (en) 2000-11-02

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