EP1171640A2 - Procede et dispositif pour durcir des surfaces de vilebrequin ou d'arbre a cames - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif pour durcir des surfaces de vilebrequin ou d'arbre a cames

Info

Publication number
EP1171640A2
EP1171640A2 EP00926920A EP00926920A EP1171640A2 EP 1171640 A2 EP1171640 A2 EP 1171640A2 EP 00926920 A EP00926920 A EP 00926920A EP 00926920 A EP00926920 A EP 00926920A EP 1171640 A2 EP1171640 A2 EP 1171640A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hardened
inductors
crankshaft
inductor
assigned
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP00926920A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Waldemar Gezarzick
Hans Rudolf Schwarz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Elotherm GmbH
Original Assignee
Elotherm GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19955670A external-priority patent/DE19955670B4/de
Application filed by Elotherm GmbH filed Critical Elotherm GmbH
Publication of EP1171640A2 publication Critical patent/EP1171640A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/30—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for crankshafts; for camshafts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/06—Surface hardening
    • C21D1/09—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation
    • C21D1/10—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation by electric induction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for hardening surfaces of a crankshaft or camshaft to be hardened which are arranged next to one another in the axial direction, in which the surfaces to be hardened are inductively heated by an inductor assigned to them and quenched after the heating, in each case at least two adjacent ones to be hardened Surfaces are heated at the same time.
  • the invention also relates to a device for hardening the surfaces of a crankshaft or camshaft, which is particularly suitable for carrying out such a method.
  • crankshafts and camshafts are therefore hardened in the course of their manufacture.
  • crankshafts or camshafts by means of inductive heating are hardening crankshafts or camshafts by means of inductive heating.
  • the surfaces to be hardened can be brought to hardening temperature in a short time, the depth of penetration of the heating being able to be specified precisely.
  • the cheeks adjacent to the machined bearing surface are cooled while the surface in question is heated. In this way, the excessive penetration of heat into the side cheeks can be prevented.
  • crank pins arranged next to one another without an intermediate cheek were able to reduce the problems in hardening the bearing surfaces of crank pins of a "split-pin" crankshaft. Problems such as occur in crankshafts, in which there is a cheek between the crank pins, due to the lateral load on the cheeks from the connecting rod bearings, are not present due to the lack of such a cheek in "split-pin" crankshafts. Therefore, good operating properties of this crankshaft can also be obtained if only the cheeks are cooled during hardening, which cheeks adjoin the side of the bearing surfaces to be hardened that is facing away from the other crank pin.
  • crankshafts there has been a requirement to reduce the thickness of the cheeks of the crankshaft in order to save weight and space.
  • it is too close to the cheeks excessive or inadequate hardening.
  • the groove areas at the transition from the bearing surfaces to the side cheeks are particularly affected by this difficulty, if not only the bearing surface itself but also the throat area is to be hardened.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method with which the simultaneous hardening of closely arranged surfaces is possible with a reduced risk of an incorrect hardening result.
  • a device is to be created which is particularly suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention.
  • This object is achieved on the basis of a method of the type described in the introduction in that when the surfaces to be hardened are heated simultaneously, the inductor assigned to one of the surfaces is operated with a different frequency than the inductor which is assigned to the next adjacent surface to be hardened.
  • the inductors arranged directly next to one another are operated at a different frequency.
  • this mode of operation means that the fields induced by the inductors in the respective workpiece no longer influence one another in such a way that, due to their uncontrollable superimposition, overheating occurs in the transition areas between the hardening bearing surfaces comes.
  • the invention ensures that the effect of the respective electromagnetic fields on the hard zone directly generated by the respective inductor remains limited.
  • the heat introduced into the bearing surfaces and cheek areas by the inductors is transferred to the heat of the adjacent inductor with the result that also in the area the cheeks set a continuous hard zone.
  • the heat can be generated by the direct action of the electromagnetic field generated by the inductors or in the sense of an indirect one Heating through the migration of heat to the cheeks. It has been found that with such a procedure the hardness zone which arises in the region of the cheeks is such that there is no danger of premature destruction of the cheek due to an excessive loss of toughness of the material in this area. In this way, a uniform hardening zone can be formed, in which, unlike the successive hardening of the bearing surfaces according to the prior art, there is no longer any risk of a reduction in quality due to mutual tempering.
  • the method according to the invention is particularly suitable for hardening crankshafts, in which the surfaces to be hardened are in each case the bearing surface of a main bearing journal and the bearing surfaces of two crank bearing journals, one of which is a journal bearing journal in the axial direction of the crankshaft on one and the other other pin bearing is arranged on the other side of the main bearing pin.
  • the regions of the crankshaft or camshaft which are simultaneously heated by the inductors merge into one another in such a way that a continuous hardening zone arises from them after quenching.
  • This formation of the hardening zone is advantageous, for example, if, for the reasons explained above, the cheeks separating the bearing surfaces of a crankshaft are also to be included in the hardening. Since the surfaces to be hardened generally have different dimensions, it is advantageous if the inductors assigned to the bearing surfaces deliver different powers. It is also expedient with a view to achieving the best possible hardening result if the duration over which the inductors assigned to the surfaces to be hardened each emit power is different.
  • the process engineering effort and the processing time can also be further reduced by the fact that the inductively heated surfaces are quenched simultaneously.
  • a particularly preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention is characterized in that the power output by the inductors is controlled as a function of the rotational position of the crankshaft.
  • the quenching of the heated surfaces can also be triggered as a function of the rotational position of the shaft being processed. Controlling the power of the inductors and / or the quenching device as a function of the angle of rotation has the advantage over a time-dependent control which is customary in the prior art that the same power can be reliably allocated to all sections of the surfaces to be hardened.
  • a device for hardening surfaces of a crankshaft or camshaft, with inductors, of which one inductor is assigned to a surface to be hardened, with energy supplies, each of which supplies one of the inductors with electrical energy, and with a quenching device for quenching the heated surfaces to be hardened is particularly suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention if the at least two inductors assigned to one another and arranged to be hardened surfaces can be placed simultaneously on the surfaces to be hardened assigned to them and the energy supplies of adjacent inductors Inductor assigned to them is supplied with electrical energy at a frequency that differs from the frequency with which the energy supply of the respective adjacent inductor supplies the latter with energy.
  • Fig. 1 shows a crankshaft, which is clamped in a device for hardening its bearing surfaces, in a partial side view
  • Fig. 2 shows a camshaft, which is also clamped in a device for hardening the cam surfaces, in a partial side view.
  • the crankshaft K shown in FIG. 1 has a main bearing journal 1, to which a pin bearing journal 2, 3 is arranged laterally adjacent in the axial direction A.
  • the pin journals 2, 3 are connected to the main bearing 1 via a cheek 4, 5.
  • the pin bearing pins 2, 3 are each connected to a further pin bearing pin 8, 9 via a further cheek 6, 7.
  • the cheeks 4, 5 have a small thickness d compared to the width of the bearing surfaces 10, 11, 12, while the thickness of the cheeks 6, 7 between the pin journals 2.8 or 3.9 is greater than the thickness d of the cheeks 4.5.
  • Each of the bearing surfaces 10, 11, 12 is assigned an inductor 14, 15, 16, the heat conductor and sheet metal of which is designed such that the electromagnetic field generated by the inductors 14, 15, 16 not only the respective bearing surface 10, 11, 12 itself, but also the area of the respective fillet 13 is detected.
  • the inductors 14, 15, 16 are each supplied with power via their own energy supply 17, 18, 19.
  • the energy supply to the inductors 14 and 16 is provided by the energy supplies 17 and 16 assigned to them 19 at a frequency F1, while the inductor 15 arranged between the two inductors 14, 16 is supplied with a frequency F2.
  • the ratio of the frequencies Fl: F2: Fl is 14: 8: 14, so that the mutually adjacent inductors 14, 15 and 15, 16 are each operated with such different frequencies that when the bearing surfaces 10, 11, 12 harden mutual influence by uncontrollably wandering eddy currents is safely avoided.
  • the power output of the energy supply devices 17, 18, 19 is controlled by a control device 20 to which the control inputs of the
  • the control device 20 has the signal from a rotation angle detection device 21, which detects the current rotation angle position ⁇ of the crankshaft Kl rotating about its longitudinal axis L 1 during processing.
  • the inductors 14, 15, 16 are simultaneously placed on the bearing surfaces 10, 11, 12, on which they ride while the bearing surfaces 10, 11, 12 are heating while the crankshaft K1 is rotating.
  • the heating of the bearing surfaces 10, 11, 12, the fillet 13 and the cheeks 4, 5 takes place in a number of steps, which are initiated by the control device 20 as a function of the rotation angle ⁇ swept by the crankshaft K 1.
  • the heat introduced into the cheeks 4, 5 between the pin journals 2, 3 and the main bearing 1 during the heating process is supplemented in such a way that a hardening temperature of 4.5 is also achieved in the region of these cheeks.
  • the control device 20 ends the heating process and triggers the liquid quenching carried out by a liquid quenching device, not shown here Bearing surfaces 10,11,12 and cheeks 4,5 out. After quenching, the bearing surfaces 10, 11, 12 of the pin journals 2, 3 and the main bearing journal 1 lying between them are provided with a coherent hardening zone.
  • camshaft N shown in FIG. 2 three cams 30, 31, 32 are arranged side by side in the axial direction A.
  • the central cam 31 has a larger width B than the two cams 30 and 32 arranged next to it in the axial direction A.
  • An inductor 33, 34, 35 is assigned to each cam 30, 31, 32. Each inductor is supplied with electrical energy via a respective energy supply device 36, 37, 38.
  • the inductors 33, 34, 35 are simultaneously placed on the cam surfaces 39, 40, 41 assigned to them.
  • the inductors 33, 34, 35 are then supplied with electrical energy by the energy supply devices 36, 37, 38.
  • the frequency F3, with which the two outer inductors 33, 35 are operated, is 1.5 to 4 times, in particular 1.5 - 2 times higher than the frequency of the current with which the middle inductor 34 is fed to prevent eddy currents from developing in the camshaft N during the heating.
  • hardening temperature can also be achieved in these areas 42, 43 by a targeted superimposition of the fields not generated by the direct action of the inductors 33, 34, 35 but by heating migration, so that these areas are also used 42, 43 a hardened zone can be produced in a targeted manner.
  • the power control of the inductors 33, 34, 35 is carried out by the control device (not shown), as described for the hardening of the crankshaft K 1, as a function of the angle of rotation ⁇ of the crankshaft K2 rotating about its longitudinal axis L2 during hardening. Due to its greater width, more power is supplied to the cam surface 40 than the bearing surfaces 39, 41.
  • the level of the frequencies F1, F2 and F3, F4 actually set depends on the voltage with which the inductors 33, 34, 35 are supplied, the coupling distance between the respective inductors 33, 34 and 35 and the bearing surface assigned to them 30.31 or 32 and the geometry of the inductors 33, 34, 35 used.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)
  • Gears, Cams (AREA)
  • Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif permettant de durcir des surfaces à durcir (10, 11, 12; 39, 40, 41) d'un vilebrequin (K) ou d'un arbre à cames (N), disposées les unes à côté des autres dans le sens axial (A). Selon ce procédé, les surfaces à durcir (10, 11, 12; 39, 40, 41) sont chauffées par induction par un inducteur (14, 15, 16; 33, 34, 35) qui leur est propre dans chaque cas et sont refroidies brusquement après chauffage. Au moins deux surfaces à durcir (10, 11, 12; 39, 40, 41) disposées de manière adjacente sont chauffées simultanément. Ce procédé permet de durcir simultanément des surfaces disposées très proche les unes des autres, avec un risque réduit de résultat de durcissement défectueux, du fait que pendant le chauffage simultané des surfaces à durcir (10, 11, 12; 39, 40, 41), l'inducteur (14, 15, 16; 33, 34, 35) associé dans chaque cas à une des surfaces (10, 11, 12; 39, 40, 41) est actionné avec une autre fréquence (F1,F2 ;F3,F4) que l'inducteur (10, 11, 12; 39, 40, 41) associé à la surface à durcir (10, 11, 12; 39, 40, 41) qui vient immédiatement à la suite.
EP00926920A 1999-04-16 2000-04-13 Procede et dispositif pour durcir des surfaces de vilebrequin ou d'arbre a cames Withdrawn EP1171640A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19917241 1999-04-16
DE19917241 1999-04-16
DE19955670 1999-11-19
DE19955670A DE19955670B4 (de) 1999-11-19 1999-11-19 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Härten von Flächen einer Kurbel- oder Nockenwelle
PCT/EP2000/003354 WO2000063447A2 (fr) 1999-04-16 2000-04-13 Procede et dispositif pour durcir des surfaces de vilebrequin ou d'arbre a cames

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1171640A2 true EP1171640A2 (fr) 2002-01-16

Family

ID=26052938

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP00926920A Withdrawn EP1171640A2 (fr) 1999-04-16 2000-04-13 Procede et dispositif pour durcir des surfaces de vilebrequin ou d'arbre a cames

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1171640A2 (fr)
JP (1) JP2002542434A (fr)
BR (1) BR0009812A (fr)
WO (1) WO2000063447A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7914730B2 (en) 2005-07-01 2011-03-29 Fives Celes Equipment and method for hardening treatment of metallic parts
JP5204505B2 (ja) * 2008-02-14 2013-06-05 富士電子工業株式会社 高周波熱処理装置
DE102009011569B3 (de) * 2009-03-06 2010-10-21 Maschinenfabrik Alfing Kessler Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Härten von Kurbelwellen
CN108486316B (zh) * 2018-03-30 2019-07-26 燕山大学 一种变径式线圈对重载凸轮轴感应加热的装置及方法

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3613909C1 (en) * 1986-04-24 1987-01-08 Kessler Kg Maschf Method and apparatus for the hardening of running faces and transition radii of crankshaft offset journals arranged directly one behind the other
DE4001887A1 (de) * 1990-01-23 1991-07-25 Kessler Kg Maschf Verfahren und vorrichtung zum induktiven haerten
DE4236921C1 (en) * 1992-10-31 1993-09-16 Aeg-Elotherm Gmbh, 5630 Remscheid, De Inductive heating installation for surface hardening - with the width and length of arc-shaped inductors chosen dependent on the geometry of continuous crank journals
DE4420092C3 (de) * 1994-06-09 2001-08-09 Daimler Chrysler Ag Verfahren zum Herstellen einer gebauten Nockenwelle mit induktionsgehärteten Nocken
DE19530430C1 (de) * 1995-08-18 1996-04-11 Aeg Elotherm Gmbh Vorrichtung zum elektroinduktiven Härten von unmittelbar benachbart angeordneten Lagerflächen einer Kurbelwelle
DE19537738C1 (de) * 1995-10-10 1997-02-20 Daimler Benz Ag Einrichtung zum gleichzeitigen Induktionshärten von mehreren unterschiedlichen Oberflächenpartien eines Stahlwerkstückes
DE29622883U1 (de) * 1996-09-18 1997-07-24 AEG-Elotherm GmbH, 42855 Remscheid Vorrichtung zum umlaufenden und gleichzeitig erfolgenden elektroinduktiven Härten

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO0063447A2 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2002542434A (ja) 2002-12-10
BR0009812A (pt) 2002-03-19
WO2000063447A2 (fr) 2000-10-26
WO2000063447A3 (fr) 2001-03-29

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