Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
  • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
  • D01D4/00—Spinnerette packs; Cleaning thereof
  • D01D4/02—Spinnerettes
  • D01D4/027—Spinnerettes containing inserts
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
  • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
  • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
  • D01D5/24—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like with a hollow structure; Spinnerette packs therefor
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
  • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
  • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
  • D01D5/28—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like while mixing different spinning solutions or melts during the spinning operation; Spinnerette packs therefor
  • D01D5/30—Conjugate filaments; Spinnerette packs therefor

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a spinneret for the production of fiber filaments.
• Such spinnerets function like an expansion valve through which the spinning mass exits under pressure reduction.
• a skin first forms on the extruded spinning mass and finally the filament as such. This process can be accelerated by additional cooling, drying or UV exposure.
• spinnerets are made of solid materials, e.g. made of steel, ceramics, precious metals or plastics.
• spinnerets made from deep-drawn, perforated stainless steel sheets are particularly common.
• the perforations serve as nozzle openings for the exit of the spinning mass.
• spinnerets have the disadvantage that they easily clog and are difficult to clean.
• a small part of the nozzle openings is damaged and impaired, for example by corrosion, the entire spinneret is unusable and must be replaced.
• a spinneret is known from DE-GM 1 977 091, which has an end plate with a stepped bore. A solid insert is inserted into this bore, which has one or more through openings. The use is by means of
• the spinneret according to the invention for the production of fiber filaments has at least one nozzle opening for the exit of the spinning mass, the at least one nozzle opening having a finite length 1 and a removable insert being inserted into each nozzle opening, through which the spinning mass is guided to the outside.
• the tubular insert has a substantially circular cross-section and is preferably tapered in a crown towards its front end.
• the spinning mass is guided in the tubular insert before it emerges under pressure relief. If the tubular insert extends essentially over the entire length S of the nozzle opening, the spinning mass does not come into contact with the nozzle openings themselves, but rather only with the tubular insert or the tubular inserts. Since these are removably inserted into the nozzle opening or openings, the spinneret can be cleaned simply by removing the respective inserts and cleaning them. If individual inserts become worn or cannot be removed, only the respective insert has to be replaced, which increases the life of the spinneret as a whole.
• the tubular inserts are preferably made of sapphire, tantalum, elements of the eighth subgroup, tungsten, ceramic, natural stone or plastic.
• the tubular insert of each nozzle opening is preferably designed as a wreath tube.
• wreath tubes refer to such tubular inserts, one end of which is provided with a protuberance or a collar. This collar or collar keeps the insert inside the nozzle opening.
• the collar or collar is located on the pressure side of the spinneret, ie on the side on which the spinning mass is in the tubular insert entry.
• the wreath tube is designed such that the wreath, when the tube is inserted into the spinneret, lies flush on the surface of the pressure side of the spinneret.
• tubular inserts are not inserted directly into the nozzle openings, but rather into an outer tube or an outer sleeve, which sleeve itself is inserted into the nozzle opening, preferably from the spinning material outlet side.
• These sleeves or outer tubes can also be designed as wreath tubes, with wreaths or protuberances at one end or at both ends.
• the sleeves can, for example, be firmly connected to the spinneret by widening in the manner of a hollow rivet connection. If the spinneret is made from several layers that are sandwiched one above the other, this solid outer tube can simultaneously ensure the cohesion or connection of the individual layers. However, it is also possible to insert the sleeve also removably into the nozzle opening.
• Both solid and hollow fiber filaments and multicomponent filaments, in particular bicomponent filaments, can be produced with the spinneret according to the invention.
• a pin the so-called filament lumen former
• filament lumen former is inserted into the tubular insert and preferably fixed in such a way that it can be removed and, if necessary, exchanged.
• a possible embodiment of such a filament lumen generator is given below with reference to the drawings.
• another tubular insert is used in the first for the production of multicomponent fibers in order to form two parallel fiber layers.
• the materials specified above in connection with the first tubular insert are again suitable as materials for these inserts.
• the spinneret according to the invention can have a pressure tube which has an inlet E for the spinning mass and a nozzle opening or a plurality of nozzle openings which are essentially all located on the same pressure tube side.
• This pressure Rohr completely replaces the previous spinning heads.
• the spinning mass is introduced from the spinning mass conveying element directly into the inlet E, which is preferably an inlet opening introduced radially or axially into a tube end.
• several nozzle openings are provided for the extrusion of the fiber filaments, which are preferably formed as radial perforations on the underside of the tube. In this way, spinning is supported by gravity.
• the pipe axis points in the horizontal direction.
• the spinning mass is thus guided horizontally along the tube, which can optionally also have an outlet A at the tube end opposite the inlet E.
• the tube which can optionally also have an outlet A at the tube end opposite the inlet E.
• the horizontal guidance of the spinning mass inside the pressure tube results in more favorable flow properties compared to the spinning nozzles of the prior art, in which the spinning mass is pressed vertically downwards onto the nozzle plates.
• the pressure pipe is characterized by the fact that it can withstand a higher spinning mass pressure than the comparable horizontal nozzle plate with the same wall thickness and the same material.
• the pressure pipe is designed in the form of an Archimedean spiral, the inlet E being located either at the inner or the outer end of the pressure pipe and the nozzle openings being arranged on the underside of the pressure pipe spiral.
• the inlet E being located either at the inner or the outer end of the pressure pipe and the nozzle openings being arranged on the underside of the pressure pipe spiral.
• the spinneret comprises a plurality of pressure tubes which are stacked in the radial direction, each pressure tube, which is adjacent to a pressure tube above it, has at least one upper connection opening, the number and the axial arrangement of the connection openings in the Pressure pipe corresponds to the number and arrangements of the nozzle openings of the pressure pipe lying above it, and the outer diameter since each nozzle opening of the pressure pipe lying above corresponds in each case approximately to the inner diameter di of the corresponding connection opening of the lower pressure pipe. pipe corresponds.
• the various pressure pipes can be plugged onto one another via the upper connecting openings of the lower pipes and the nozzle openings of the pipes above each other and can thus be detachably connected to one another.
• the pressure tube spinning nozzles can be cast after being placed on top of one another and, if appropriate, subsequently to be sintered or shrunk onto one another.
• the spinning mass volume can be regulated in a simple manner.
• the spinneret can have a pressure plate, the at least one nozzle opening extending completely through the thickness d of the pressure plate.
• the pressure plate like the pressure tube of the first embodiment of the invention, can be made of sapphire, tantalum, materials of the eighth subgroup, tungsten, ceramic, natural stone, in particular granite, or plastic, in particular PEEK or Victrex polymer. The material will essentially be selected depending on the materials to be spun out. For spinning ceramic and metal melts, tantalum or sapphire is preferred as the spinneret material, whereas natural stone is preferably used for spinning solgel or polymers. Spinning nozzles made of tantalum also have the advantage that the nozzle can be connected to a voltage source for heating, whereby an ohmic load must of course be inserted.
• the pressure tube or the pressure plate is preferably provided with a stabilization layer which is made of a honeycomb or corrugated cardboard-shaped material, the at least one nozzle opening and the associated tubular insert of the pressure plate or the lowest pressure tube extending through the thickness d of the stabilization layer extend.
• the stabilization layer extends horizontally below the pressure plate or the lowest pressure tube.
• the stabilizing layer is preferably made of thin sheet metal strips made of metal, tantalum, materials of the eighth subgroup, steel or strips of ceramic foils or paper. piercing films made. With a suitable choice of material for the stabilizing layer, the heat exchange with the nozzle pressure plate is improved, whereby, if necessary, overheating of the spinning material, as occurs more frequently, particularly in the case of heated spinning heads, is protected.
• honeycomb or corrugated cardboard shaped sheets are arranged so that the axes of the honeycomb extend substantially in the vertical direction or the sinus structure can be seen in plan view.
• These structures are firmly connected to the pressure plate or to the pressure tube, a layer of ceramic foil or natural stone, a metal sheet or a prepreg layer possibly being applied to the stabilization layer on one or both sides.
• the coatings on the stabilization layer make this layer easier to handle, with prepreg material in particular being preferred as a coating in connection with the spinning out of solgel, since solgel is spun at room temperature and the use of heat-resistant materials is therefore unnecessary.
• the nozzle openings naturally extend through all layers of the composite thus formed.
• this stabilizing layer gives the nozzle a high degree of flexural rigidity and a high compressive strength, while at the same time making it possible to make the pressure plate itself relatively thin. This has the advantage that, despite the high compressive strength, the spinneret can be designed in a super lightweight design.
• the individual layers can be connected to one another, for example, by conventional gluing.
• the at least one nozzle opening preferably has a diameter of approximately 2 to 200 micrometers and in particular approximately 2 to 10 micrometers. These small nozzle openings can be produced precisely by micro-perforation with a laser. It is possible to carry out a flow measurement at the individual nozzles on the tubular inserts using an inductive measuring method, for example with sonographic measurement. In this way, the spinning mass flow can be regulated in a targeted manner.
• Figure 1 shows a tubular insert according to the invention
• Figure 2 shows a lumen-forming pin with cover in longitudinal section
• Figure 3 shows the filament lumen forming pen with cover of Figure 2 in cross section
• FIG. 4 shows a cross section through a stabilization layer with inserted tubular inserts
• FIGS. 5 to 8 show different cross sections through the stabilizing layer of the spinneret according to the invention
• FIG. 9 shows a cross section through another embodiment of the stabilizing layer of the spinneret according to the invention
• FIGS. 11a to 11c show a longitudinal section through a pressure tube of the spinneret according to the invention.
• FIG. 1 the basic arrangement of a tubular insert 1 according to an embodiment of the invention is shown in longitudinal section.
• the spinneret here has a pressure plate 2 on the pressure side, an underlying stabilization layer 3 and an additional coating 4 on the low pressure side.
• Coating 4 can be, for example, a prepreg layer.
• the shown ratio of the thicknesses d of the pressure plate 2 and the additional layer 4 is not to be regarded as restrictive.
• the printing layer 2 will be made stronger than the additional layer 4, which essentially serves to complete and make the entire sandwich construction easier to handle.
• the stabilization layer can, as has already been described, be formed from honeycomb-shaped or corrugated cardboard-shaped material, the sinusoidal structure of FIG Corrugated cardboard layer is used only for illustration: In fact, the corrugated cardboard structure is arranged in such a way that a top view, rather than a longitudinal section, would result in a sinus structure.
• the pressure side of the pressure plate can be structured, preferably corrugated or pleated, for stiffening and improved guidance of the spinning mass flow (not shown in the figure), the structures being connected to one another by transverse beads offset at an angle of approximately 90 ° to them.
• the tubular insert 1 extends essentially over the entire length S of the nozzle. On the pressure side, it has a ring-shaped protuberance, by which it is held in the nozzle opening.
• the tubular insert can be circular or polygonal in cross section.
• the tubular insert 1 is used in a second insert or a sleeve 5.
• the shape of the inner surface of the sleeve 5 preferably corresponds to that of the outer surface of the tubular insert 1, so that the two lie flush against one another. In the shown
• the sleeve 5 has a lower ring collar, so that it can be inserted from below into the nozzle opening of the layer composite.
• the sleeve 5 can be fastened to the layer composite by means of a hollow rivet connection, which at the same time ensures that the composite is held together.
• the total length H for the two inserts is greater than the length of the nozzle S.
• the reference symbol J denotes the height of the Spinning mass filling space in the nozzle.
• FIG. 2 shows the filament lumen generator 6 required to form hollow fibers.
• the lumen generator consists of a pin, which is formed in its central part 6a as a polygonal pin, in the present case as a triangular pin, whereas the upper part 6b is optional and can be cylindrical, for example.
• the polygonal shape of the central part 6a of the filament lumen former serves to fix the pin in the tubular insert 1. In the present case, the filament lumen former 6 thus occurs at three points when it is inserted into the insert 1 in contact with insert 1.
• the filament lumen generator 6 is at its lower
• End 6c tapers conically, the lower end 6c being cylindrical.
• the tubular insert 1 (FIG. 1) has at its lower end a final constriction corresponding to the taper of the associated lumen-forming pin 6. This final restriction is similar to the design of the tip of twist drills that are used for blind holes.
• the lower end 6c of the pin 6 projects beyond the final constriction of the tubular insert by a height x, which can be seen in FIG. 1.
• the middle part 6a and the lower part 6c together extend to the sum of the height H of the two inserts, including the ring or protuberance, and the height J of the spinning mass filling space.
• the spinning mass comes out of the filling space into the circular sections (in the present case three circular sections) between the insert 1 and the inserted lumen-forming pin 6.
• the lumen generator 6 can be provided with an axial lumen 7, the diameter of which is preferably approximately 3 micrometers to approximately 100 micrometers.
• the spinning mass for the second component of a bicomponent fiber can now be guided in this axial lumen.
• the two components flow together after the tapering space x.
• the lumen of the filament lumen generator 6, which preferably lies in its geometrical longitudinal axis, can be produced, for example, by the spraying process, a hollow micro fiber being introduced into the spray compound, the lumen of which thus becomes the lumen of the filament lumen generator 6.
• the filament lumen generator 6 can be equipped with a cover 8 which is detachably placed on it.
• the cover cap 8 serves to reduce the so-called dead volume in the spinning head.
• the cover cap 8 preferably has a hexagonal base in cross section, the inner recess being circular in cross section, so that it fits onto the cylindrical part 6b of the filament lumen generator fits.
• the cover cap has the height Z shown in the figure.
• the associated cover cap 8 also has a lumen which is concentric with the lumen 7.
• FIG. 3 shows a cross section of a filament lumen generator 6 with an attached cover cap 8.
• the size G of the cover caps and the spacing of the nozzle openings from one another are selected such that all cover caps, when they are placed on the filament lumen formers, each adjoin the adjacent cover cap, so that the uppermost sides of the cover caps form a closed surface.
• FIG. 4 shows a cross section through the reinforcement layer 3 shown in FIG. 1, the reinforcement layer here being in the form of a honeycomb cross section.
• Figures 5 to 8 show a cross section through the reinforcing layer, similar to Figure 4, but the cross section extends over the entire spinneret.
• the cross section of the spinneret is essentially circular here and is delimited by a frame 9 which is designed as an angular frame.
• the frame 9 is preferably made of the same material as the pressure plate 1 of the spinneret.
• the angular frame can be Z-shaped in longitudinal section and have a round or polygonal cross section.
• the inner edge can form an edge support on the layer structure.
• the reinforcing plate 3 or the entire layer structure shown in FIG. 1 can be fitted into the angle frame 9 and connected to it, for example cast, welded, glued or expanded into it.
• the angular frame preferably projects beyond the height H of FIG. 1 on both sides. It is particularly preferred that the angular frame extends beyond the sum of Figures J and H and, if the nozzle is covered with a Cap 8 is provided for a fiber lumen generator 6, also protrudes beyond the height Z of the cap 6.
• FIG. 9 shows a further embodiment of the stabilization layer 3 in cross section.
• a corrugated cardboard-like structure which in the present case is wound into an Archimedean spiral, which gives the stabilizing layer particular flexural strength and compressive strength.
• This type of stabilization layer 3 can be inserted into an angular frame 9 as described above.
• the fineness of the sine waves or honeycombs can be selected as required, the stabilizing layer becoming more resistant to bending and pressure, the finer the honeycomb or sine structure.
• Measuring points for example for temperature, pressure or flow measurements for the spinning mass, can be integrated within the honeycomb or corrugated cardboard structures. In this way it is possible to control the conditions at each individual nozzle opening separately.
• the pressure plate 1 located above the stabilization layer 3 (and optionally the additional layers 4) are perforated such that the inserts 1, 5 run centrally through the honeycombs in the case of the honeycomb-shaped stabilization layer, each honeycomb, as shown in FIGS 8 can be seen, contains only one insert 1.
• An approximately central arrangement of the inserts 1 is also provided in the corrugated cardboard structure of FIG. 9.
• FIG. 10 shows a further embodiment of the spinneret according to the invention in
• the spinneret in this case consists of a pressure tube which is wound into an Archimedean spiral in FIG. In this way it is possible to accommodate a large pipe length in a small space.
• straight tubes which have an inlet E and an outlet A at both ends, through which the spinning material fixes it
• Pressure pipe enters or exits. All nozzle openings (not shown in Figure 10) are arranged on the underside of the pressure tube.
• FIG. 11a A cross section through such a pressure pipe 10 is shown in FIG. 11a.
• This pressure tube is suitable for spinning full fiber filaments.
• the tube has a hole neck with the height t, so that the total length S of the nozzle opening is composed of the height t plus the tube thickness.
• the tube-shaped insert which limits the outer diameter of the full fiber to be spun, is now inserted into this nozzle opening.
• a stabilizing layer 3 which is associated with, to be located on the spinning mass exit side
• Figure 1 has been described in detail, then, if necessary, with additional coatings 4.
• the nozzle opening extends, of course, as in the case of Figure 1, through these layers.
• the pressure tube 10 shown in FIG. 11a can furthermore form the uppermost layer or final layer in a stack of two or more pressure tubes layered one on top of the other.
• the upper tube 10 is then attached to one of the pressure tubes shown in FIGS. 11a and 11c.
• the pressure pipes shown in FIGS. 11b and 11c differ only in that their upper connection opening is turned down once, as in the case of FIG. 11b, and once turned up, as in the case of FIG. 11c.
• the outer diameter da of the upper tube 10 is matched to the inner diameter di of the tube below it so that the hole neckings can be plugged into one another. That is, since the nozzle opening of the upper pipe is approximately equal to the connection opening of the pipe below.
• Either gas can be carried in the tube 10 above, if a hollow fiber is to be produced, or the spinning mass for the second component of a bicomponent fiber.
• the height z shown in FIG. 11c represents the height of the cylindrical part of a filament lumen generator to be used, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.
• FIG. 11c shows the pressure pipe placed on a layered composite, as has already been described in connection with FIG. 1. In practice, the pressure pipe is filled over its entire inner height J.
• the height Jo denotes the filling space height minus the protuberance of the upper connection opening.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Publications (2)

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ID=26052348

Family Applications (1)

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• 2000
  • 2000-03-13 KR KR1020017011715A patent/KR20010108354A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2000-03-13 WO PCT/EP2000/002208 patent/WO2000055400A1/fr active IP Right Grant
  • 2000-03-13 EP EP00909357A patent/EP1163380B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2000-03-13 DE DE50007485T patent/DE50007485D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2000-03-13 AT AT00909357T patent/ATE274076T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2000-03-13 AU AU31664/00A patent/AU3166400A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2000-03-13 JP JP2000605813A patent/JP2002539339A/ja active Pending

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