EP1159604A1 - Tensioactifs - Google Patents

Tensioactifs

Info

Publication number
EP1159604A1
EP1159604A1 EP00909529A EP00909529A EP1159604A1 EP 1159604 A1 EP1159604 A1 EP 1159604A1 EP 00909529 A EP00909529 A EP 00909529A EP 00909529 A EP00909529 A EP 00909529A EP 1159604 A1 EP1159604 A1 EP 1159604A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel
conductivity
composition according
fuel composition
composition
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP00909529A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Clifford James Hazel
Ian Vernon Williamson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AAE Holdings PLC
Original Assignee
AAE Holdings PLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by AAE Holdings PLC filed Critical AAE Holdings PLC
Publication of EP1159604A1 publication Critical patent/EP1159604A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
    • C10L1/023—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only for spark ignition
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/143—Organic compounds mixtures of organic macromolecular compounds with organic non-macromolecular compounds
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
    • G01N27/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
    • G01N27/06—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a liquid
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/26—Oils; Viscous liquids; Paints; Inks
    • G01N33/28—Oils, i.e. hydrocarbon liquids
    • G01N33/2829—Mixtures of fuels
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/185—Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Aldehydes; Ketones
    • C10L1/1852—Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Orthoesters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
    • C10L1/198—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid
    • C10L1/1985—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid polyethers, e.g. di- polygylcols and derivatives; ethers - esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
    • C10L1/224—Amides; Imides carboxylic acid amides, imides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/24—Organic compounds containing sulfur, selenium and/or tellurium
    • C10L1/2431—Organic compounds containing sulfur, selenium and/or tellurium sulfur bond to oxygen, e.g. sulfones, sulfoxides
    • C10L1/2437—Sulfonic acids; Derivatives thereof, e.g. sulfonamides, sulfosuccinic acid esters

Definitions

  • This invention relates to novel method of determining the homogeneity of a fuel composition which comprises measuring the conductivity of the composition.
  • British Patent No 2217229 describes a solubilising compound as a fuel additive.
  • a composition comprising;
  • a polyglycol ether such as ethoxylated oleic acid.
  • compositions are useful as fuel additives and enable the solubilisation of water in fuels thus reducing its potential corrosive effect.
  • the compositions are disadvantageous in that, inter alia, they require a high additive to fuel ratio.
  • they do not address the problems of emissions of gases such as CO, CO 2 and NOX.
  • WO '745 especially describes fuel compositions comprising, ter alia, an additive made up of a fatty acid diethanolamide, an alcohol ethoxylate and an ethoxylate of a fatty acid, the degree of ethoxylation being selected so that a long term stable fuel composition is formed and, in particular, wherein, by carefully selecting the degree of ethoxylation, a balanced molecule can be produced, such that the molecular weight ratios of each of the three components are substantially equivalent.
  • LAMBDA is the theoretical stoichiometric amount of a fuel divided by the actual performing stoichiometry, therefore normally LAMBDA is 1 if the engine performance is at its optimum.
  • the cloud point as referred to herein is defined as the temperature at which a substance begins to separate from solution, e.g. when a petroleum oil is chilled under definite prescribed conditions.
  • a measure of when a fuel composition is at or near its cloud point is the conductivity of the fuel.
  • water has a conductivity of 100 mS cm “1 and an alcohol, e.g. ethanol, a conductivity of 20 to 30 mS cm “1 .
  • Fuels, such as gasoline or diesel, being non-ionic, generally have a conductivity of substantially zero.
  • a non-homogenous mixture of a fuel, such as gasoline or diesel will have a relatively high conductivity reading, and as homogeneity is approached, the conductivity will reduce and will reach a minimum when the composition is a clear homogenous solution.
  • a method of determining the homogeneity of a fuel composition which comprises measuring the conductivity of the composition.
  • the conductivity may be measured at varying temperatures. However, we have found that measuring at substantially ambient temperature is preferred and particularly at 27.1 °C. Conductivity values given hereinafter generally relate to such values when measured at 27.1°C. Furthermore, since it is known that conductivity may vary with temperature, any conductivity values taken at differing temperatures should be calibrated as if measured at 27.1°C.
  • a method of determining the homogeneity of a fuel composition which comprises a fuel and an oxygenator.
  • a method of determining the conductivity in a composition as herein before described which is not less than 1 mS cm "1 for a light fraction hydrocarbon and not more than 1 mS cm "1 for a heavier fraction hydrocarbon.
  • a fuel composition comprising an oxygenator and a hydrocarbon fuel which together form a continuous homogenous phase.
  • the conductivity may vary depending on the hydrocarbon fuel.
  • Hydrocarbon fuels which may be used in the course of the invention may be alkanes from C5 to C50. Particularly preferred fuels are gasoline, diesel, aviation fuel, etc.
  • the conductivity should be not less than lmS cm " for a light fraction hydrocarbon and not more than lmS cm "1 for a heavier fraction hydrocarbon.
  • a heavy fraction fuel eg a diesel fuel, composition as herein before described which has a conductivity of not greater than 1 mS cm “1 i.e. from 0 to lmScm "1 .
  • a light fraction fuel eg a gasoline fuel, composition as herein before described which has a conductivity of not less than 1 mS cm “1 , for example, from 1 to 2 mS cm “1 .
  • compositions with conductivity levels as described may be achieved by inclusion of a modifier, although this is not deemed essential.
  • the homogenous fuel mixture may preferentially comprise a mixture of a fuel, an oxygenator and surfactant additive.
  • Preferred surfactant additives are those which have the relative molecular weights substantially balanced.
  • Particularly preferred surfactant additives are those described in International Patent Application No WO98/17745 which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • Oxygenators which may be used include water, ethers, furans and the like and especially alcohols. Suitable alcohols are alkyl Cl to 10 alcohols, preferably alkyl Cl to 5 alcohols. Particular alcohols which may be mentioned are methanol, ethanol and propanol, but a preferred alcohol is ethanol.
  • the oxygenator comprises an ether
  • dialkyl ethers are preferred. Any conventionally known dialkyl ethers used as fuel oxygenators may be included in the formulation. However, a preferred ether is methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE).
  • the amount of oxygenator present may vary depending upon, mter alia, the fuel and the oxygenator.
  • the oxygenator is present as from 10 to 20% w/w of the composition, preferably from 12 to 18% w/w and especially 15% w/w.
  • the storage characteristics of the fuel may be improved by the addition of a higher alcohol.
  • higher alcohol we generally mean an alkyl alcohol with more than 10 carbon atoms, e.g. alkyl CIO to 50 alcohols.
  • One object of the present invention is to provide a permanent, clear fuel with a consistent conductivity reading which will, ter alia, increase the performance of the vehicle enormous.
  • AAE 7 is a surfactant composition comprising 50% w/w of an ethoxylated alcohol, said alcohol having a ratio of 3:1 of ethoxylate groups to Cl l alcohol; 25% w/w of a fatty acid diethanolamine and an ethoxylated fatty acid.
  • AAE 7 comprises:
  • a 30 litre tank was filled with water and maintained at a temperature of 27.1°C. The samples were placed in the tank and a temperature equilibrium was formed.
  • a 30 litre tank was filled with water and maintained at a temperature of 28°C.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)

Abstract

Un procédé de détermination de l'homogénéité d'une composition de carburant consiste à mesurer la conductivité de la composition. On décrit également un procédé de détermination de l'homogénéité d'un carburant à fraction légère dans lequel la conductivité n'est pas inférieure à 1 mS cm-1 et d'un carburant à fraction légère dont la conductivité ne dépasse pas 1 mS cm-1. On décrit également des compositions de carburant possédant les valeurs de conductivité mentionnées ci-avant.
EP00909529A 1999-03-18 2000-03-15 Tensioactifs Withdrawn EP1159604A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9906214 1999-03-18
GBGB9906214.3A GB9906214D0 (en) 1999-03-18 1999-03-18 Surfactants
PCT/GB2000/000957 WO2000055610A1 (fr) 1999-03-18 2000-03-15 Tensioactifs

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1159604A1 true EP1159604A1 (fr) 2001-12-05

Family

ID=10849858

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP00909529A Withdrawn EP1159604A1 (fr) 1999-03-18 2000-03-15 Tensioactifs

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1159604A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU3181100A (fr)
GB (1) GB9906214D0 (fr)
HK (1) HK1044042A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2000055610A1 (fr)

Family Cites Families (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3822119A (en) * 1970-11-19 1974-07-02 Goodyear Tire & Rubber Anti-pollution anti-knock gasoline
DE2632048A1 (de) * 1976-07-16 1978-01-26 Bold Karl Wilhelm Verfahren zur bestimmung des dispersitaetsgrades eines mehrstoffsystems
DE2949118A1 (de) * 1979-12-06 1981-06-11 Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen Kraftstoffe fuer dieselmotoren
US4410334A (en) * 1981-10-30 1983-10-18 Parkinson Harold B Hydrocarbon fuel composition
EP0082689A3 (fr) * 1981-12-22 1984-09-26 The British Petroleum Company p.l.c. Composition de combustible
US4541836A (en) * 1982-12-09 1985-09-17 Union Carbide Corporation Fuel compositions
CA1224628A (fr) * 1982-12-09 1987-07-28 Union Carbide Corporation Carburants diesel
DE3478465D1 (en) * 1983-03-03 1989-07-06 Union Rheinische Braunkohlen Motor fuel
US4557734A (en) * 1984-08-08 1985-12-10 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture Microemulsions from vegetable oil and lower alcohol with octanol surfactant as alternative fuel for diesel engines
JPS62192633A (ja) * 1986-02-19 1987-08-24 Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd アルコ−ル混合燃料の混合比センサ
GB8701368D0 (en) * 1987-01-22 1987-02-25 Ecc Int Ltd Monitoring flocculation state of particles in suspension
GB2217229B (en) * 1988-04-25 1992-07-29 Enersolve Chemical Company Lim Solubilising composition
US5103181A (en) * 1988-10-05 1992-04-07 Den Norske Oljeselskap A. S. Composition monitor and monitoring process using impedance measurements
JPH05133926A (ja) * 1991-07-03 1993-05-28 Nippondenso Co Ltd 液体混合比率検出装置
US5425790A (en) * 1992-12-23 1995-06-20 Arco Chemical Technology, L.P. Diesel fuel
FR2711800B1 (fr) * 1993-10-28 1996-01-12 Agronomique Inst Nat Rech Procédé et matériel de caractérisation de la stabilité d'une émulsion.
GB9621753D0 (en) * 1996-10-18 1996-12-11 Williamson Ian V Fuel composition
US6074445A (en) * 1997-10-20 2000-06-13 Pure Energy Corporation Polymeric fuel additive and method of making the same, and fuel containing the additive
GB2336120A (en) * 1998-04-09 1999-10-13 Coval Technologies Limited Solubilising water and fuel oil
GB9827592D0 (en) * 1998-12-15 1999-02-10 Hamelin Holdings Limited Fuel composition

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO0055610A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2000055610A1 (fr) 2000-09-21
AU3181100A (en) 2000-10-04
HK1044042A1 (zh) 2002-10-04
GB9906214D0 (en) 1999-05-12

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