EP1159578B1 - Shooting simulation method - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a method for simulating a shot guns firing ballistic projectiles in the Preamble of claim 1 defined genus.

A known method for shooting or shooting simulation (DE 37 20 595 Al) is based on a so-called two-way simulation, first with a sight aimed at a target Distance to the target is measured, then that with a Retroreflector illuminated and lasered target the light reflected by the retroreflector on one position-resolving, electro-optical device on the Gun barrel is pictured. The one determined from the illustration The location of the retroreflector is matched with the location of the hit simulated shot compared based on the measured Distance, the type of weapon and ammunition used and the Essay that the hypothetical projectile path with the Line of sight forms, is calculated. Is the location of the Retroreflector matches the target location, one Hit message triggered by the barrel weapon, both agree does not match, an error message is generated.

In a well-known, on a two-way simulation based method for shooting simulation for ballistic Ammunition and moving targets (DE 31 14 000 A1) is before Triggering the simulated shot through the target weapon measuring pulses emitted on the weapon side are always appropriate. For this purpose, the inside of the pipe core axis Gun weapon related solid angle, in height and side has a certain divergence, a pulse-encoded, bundled laser beam so emitted and horizontal and vertically successively pivoted that he the solid angle sector in the form of a scanning pattern in vertically superimposed Lines covered line by line. The reference line for that The scanning pattern is the barrel core axis of the barrel weapon. Matches the laser beam generating the scan pattern correct alignment of the barrel weapon on the retroreflector of a target located in the solid angle sector, so the laser beam reflects in itself, and the returning laser beam reaches a weapon side arranged optical receiver. This measures the runtime of the reflected laser light and determines the target distance and the angular offset from its relationship to the scanning pattern in the side and height direction. An assigned to the recipient Calculator uses stored data to calculate how the type of ammunition, from the target distance and the vertical Angular offset, the resulting at this target distance Projectile trajectory and the target attachment angle of the barrel weapon. This target gauging is repeated over and over again determined data target dimension, target distance and the data derived from this, the flight flight time and the target attachment angle are stored in a memory. A Shot release button is connected to the computer. Your Pressing causes the target to stop measuring and the most recently saved data from memory read out and a laser beam emitted to the target be modulated. In the finish the transferred and demodulated data calculated a virtual projectile impact and the target's own motion by measuring the Direction of reception of the laser beam and driving speed measured during the floor flight time and based on the position of the target at the end of the floor flight time and hit detection on the virtual floor impact met.

With such two-way simulation methods, the technical effort is very high, which increases disproportionately with the demand for a growing target distance. A highly sensitive measuring electronics must be used for the target measurement, which additionally increases the cost of the shooting simulator. The optical level of the laser light decreases with increasing distance r with l / r ⁴ , so that the measurement results become increasingly uncertain. An increase in laser power is hardly possible, since the power class of the laser is prescribed to protect the participants in a shooting exercise and is limited to eye tolerance.

The invention has for its object a method for Shooting simulation of the type mentioned to indicate that significantly lower manufacturing costs for this Method realizing shot simulator enables and thereby a sufficient one for use in combat training areas Accuracy guaranteed.

The object is solved by the features of claim 1.

The process according to the invention has the advantage that only one only optical transmission path from the shooter to the target is required and thus the simulator at high Sensitivity gets by with low laser power. The Checking whether the shooter has set up his gun in this way has a goal that is reflected in an estimated Distance, has been hit or not, will be in the Target based on the data of the set gun carried out what is easily possible, since weapon and target continuously measure their position and target the position of the Gun is fired with firing. The procedure allows a realistic handling of the weapon, the Canting of the weapon, the type of ammunition, the type of weapon, the Set azimuth and elevation angles (lead and Essay) in the hypothetical or virtual Meeting point determination are taken into account.

With the method according to the invention, too Corrected height differences between target and weapon. A Hit display from multiple targets, all on the same Line of fire is avoided because each target is due its distance to the firing weapon itself determines whether the hypothetical or virtual meeting point with his Position matches or not.

The method according to the invention can be used both in barrel weapons, such as Armored cannons, in which the setting of the attachment of the Gun should be practiced, as well as with barrel weapons, like Bazookas, which are based on the estimate of the advance arrives, be applied. To do this, only the Panning direction of the transmitted light from the vertical to one horizontal plane and the maximum swivel angle be adjusted.

Appropriate embodiments of the method according to the invention with advantageous developments and refinements of Invention result from the further claims.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the Transmitted light generated as a result of laser pulses, and the Weapon information is modulated on every laser pulse. Laser pulses have the advantage, despite the high pulse level only to have a low energy density and thus with the required eye safety of the laser one for the shooting simulation to transfer sufficient power to the target. In addition, the laser pulses can be relatively immune to interference modulate, so that the weapon information reliably to Target to be transferred.

Fig. 1 und 2

jeweils einen eine Rohrwaffe tragenden Kampfpanzer in einem Übungsgelände bei Schußabgabe auf ein Ziel in Seitenansicht (Fig.1) bzw. Draufsicht (Fig. 2),

Fig. 3

ein Blockschaltbild der waffenseitigen Komponente eines Schußsimulators,

Fig. 4

ein Blockschaltbild der zielseitigen Komponente des Schußsimulators,

Fig. 5

eine perspektivische Darstellung einer Panzerfaust in Schußstellung auf einen im Übungsgelände fahrenden Zielpanzer.

The invention is described in more detail below with reference to exemplary embodiments shown in the drawing. Each shows in a schematic representation:

1 and 2

a main battle tank carrying a barrel weapon in a training area when firing at a target in side view (FIG. 1) or top view (FIG. 2),

Fig. 3

2 shows a block diagram of the weapon-side component of a shot simulator,

Fig. 4

a block diagram of the target component of the shot simulator,

Fig. 5

a perspective view of a bazooka in firing position on a target tank driving in the training area.

1 and 2 is an exercise scenario in one Combat training area in side view and top view shown, in which a with a barrel weapon (tank cannon) 11th equipped main battle tank 10 one of several in the terrain 12 targets 13, 14, 15. The battle parfzer 10 selected target 13 is shown schematically and can For example, be an enemy battle tank whose Direction of movement in Fig. 2 is indicated by arrow 16. The Goals 14 and 15 are fixed and for example buildings or natural obstacles.

A shooting simulator is used for the target practice, one of the gun 17 associated component 17 and one component 18 assigned to target 13. 3 Gun-side component 17 shown in the block diagram is packaged in a housing 19 which is attached to the barrel weapon 11 is fixed and thus the pivoting movement of the tank cannon Azimuth and elevation, as well as any tilting of the Armored tank and thus the barrel weapon 11 when driving off-road participates. An optical transmitter 20 is in the housing 19 arranged in the vertical direction, which is a narrow it bundles laser light as a result of at constant Timed pulse emits laser pulses. A The optical transmitter 20 is pivoted by means of a Stepper motor 21 causes the same as the optical transmitter 20 is controlled by a central control unit 22. The Central control unit 22 is on the input side with a Tilting sensor 22, the tilting of the tub of the Main battle tank 10 and thus the tube weapon 11 measures with one Inclination sensor 24, the elevation angle ε of the gun 11, so the attachment of the barrel weapon 11 compared to the Horizontal, measures and connected to an interface 25, about which the central control unit 22 information about the Ammunition type, the type of weapon, the current position of the Main battle tank 10 in the field and the triggering of the simulated Shot are fed. For this purpose, the interface 25 is over an entrance 27 with an arranged on the main battle tank 10, satellite-based positioning system 26, e.g. one GPS (Global Position System) or with a DGPS (differential Global Position System) and receives more Inputs 28, 29 and 30 corresponding information about Weapon and ammunition type as well as a trigger impulse Triggering of the simulated shot by the gunner. in the optical transmitter 22 is still one of the central Control unit 22 containing controlled optical modulator, of the information coming in via the interface 25 Weapon and ammunition type and the measured values of the Tilt sensor 23 and the inclination sensor 24 on each of the optical transmitter 20 emitted laser pulse modulated.

The target-side shown in Fig. 4 in the block diagram Component 18 of the shot simulator has an optical one Receiving device 31 with a variety of optical Sensors 32, e.g. B. laser diodes, on the incoming Convert laser pulses into electrical signals. If the goal is 13, as assumed, also a main battle tank, so they form Light detectors or optical sensors 32 - as this for the shooting main battle tank 10 is shown in Fig. 1 - in their multitude one horizontally revolving on the tank pan Belt. All optical sensors 32 are with one Signal processing 33 connected, which contains a demodulator and from the received laser pulses with them transferred weapon information (weapon position, weapon type, Bullet type, barrel weapon attachment) and eliminated Microprocessor 34 supplies. The microprocessor 34 receives from one attached to target 13, satellite-based Positioning system 35 (GPS or GDPS) additionally the current position of the target 13. Using the The weapon information and the target position determines the Microprocessor 34 a virtual impact of the projectile after putting one back through the gun alignment itself resulting hypothetical projectile trajectory as well as the distance between barrel weapon 11 and target 13. The microprocessor 34 leads a comparison of projectile impact and target range and if matched, drives a hit display 36 which an optical, acoustic or electromagnetic Sends hit signal. To determine the virtual Bullet hits are in the microprocessor 34 e.g. a variety of trajectories of projectiles with a parameterization of Attachment of the barrel weapon (elevation angle ε) as well as weapon and Storey type stored. With the received and demodulated The appropriate trajectory is sought for weapon information and the virtual bullet impact is read out.

With such a shot simulator, a shot simulation is used Guns that fire ballistic projectiles as follows carried out:

The gunner usually uses a Gun 11 connected visor the gun 11 on the target 13 and poses based on the distance he estimates to target 13 a specific essay (elevation angle ε) for the gun 11 a. If goal 13 is a moving target is, as indicated in Fig. 2 - Consider a reserve for the barrel weapon 11 and the gun 11 by an azimuth angle ϕ with respect to Set direct line of sight to goal 13.

With firing by the gunner, the Input 30 given a trigger pulse to the interface 25 what the control unit 22 causes the optical transmitter 20 to activate. The optical transmitter 20 transmits a sequence of Laser pulses out, going down in the vertical plane is successively pivoted. The first laser pulses are emitted in a direction parallel to Pipe axis runs. Every laser pulse becomes information regarding the current position and orientation of the Pipe weapon, in the present case with respect to the Inclination sensor 24 supplied elevation angle ε and the Canting sensor 23 supplied tilting angle, as well as the used weapon and projectile type modulated. To any time of the vertical pivoting movement of the Laser transmitter 20 hits at least one laser pulse the light detectors or optical sensors 32 at the target 13. This laser pulse is from the optical receiving device 31 received and in the units described processed in terms of signaling. In goal 13 is now the virtual bullet impact from the with the laser pulse transmitted weapon information (elevation angle ε, Cant angle, weapon type, weapon ammunition) determined as well from the position of the weapon 11 and transmitted by the laser pulse the known target position the distance between target 13 and Gun 11 determined. Bullet impact and If the target distance is the same, a hit is displayed.

In the scenario shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, would Triggering the simulated shot also target 14 be hit by laser pulses at any time. The As far as it is an exercise goal, goal 14 is also included the target-side component 18 of the shot simulator according to FIG. 3 equipped. In goal 14, the same calculation as in Goal 13 accomplished. In this case, however, is the distance the target 14 to the gun 11 much smaller than that Removal of the virtual projectile impact from the barrel weapon 11, so that no hits are displayed.

In order to accommodate the multitude of optical devices to be provided at the receiving end To reduce sensors 32 could be the laser light of the optical Transmitter 20 are spread in the horizontal direction, so that the optical sensors 32 at the target 13 at greater distances can be arranged from each other. To be the same Ensure sensitivity of the optical sensors 32 however, the laser power would have to be increased by the now larger area at destination 13 with the same Illuminate energy density.

In a larger practice area, certain Terrain sections due to the terrain structure or the Construction and planting of satellite reception disrupted or be prevented, so that the position of the weapon and / or target not as evaluable information when determining hits is available. In such cases, the optical Transmitter 20 emitted laser pulses additionally one Information about the time of transmission of each individual Laser pulse modulated. The time specified for the transmission Information is the time between the triggering of the simulated shot and sending the respective one Laser pulse. This information is provided in a central control unit 22 integrated counter removed, the started when the shot was fired and at a constant frequency is clocked. In the target 13 can now from the received laser pulse transmitted information about its Send time and the weapon information the distance between target and barrel weapon. With that, too If GPS reception is disturbed, hit positions are determined and the Target practice continues. In the case of intact GPS reception can the due to the known positions of Gun 11 and Target 13 controlled certain target range become.

5 shows an exercise scenario in which the Firing a Panzerfaust 37 at a moving target tank 38 should be practiced. The Panzerfaust 37 represents the barrel weapon 11 and the target tank 38 represents the target 13, which is in the direction Arrow 16 in Fig. 5 moves. This exercise is about correct setting of a reserve of the gun 11, so a suitable azimuth angle ϕ so that the moving Target 13 (target tank 38) after firing Panzerfaust 37 at the right time is hit; because the other Panzerfaust 37 missile armor-piercing ammunition required a certain flight time to the distance to destination 13 bridge in which the target 13 is one of his Speed corresponding distance from his at Shot trigger position taken has moved on.

The method for firing simulation described above is now modified in such a way that the optically closely bundled transmission light, i.e. the pulse train of laser pulses, is now pivoted in a horizontal plane (azimuth) at a constant speed and each laser pulse also has information regarding the barrel weapon axis in each pivoting position related, current swivel angle α _{i is} modulated. The laser pulses are sent at a constant clock rate (transmission frequency). In addition to the information about the weapon 11 as described above, information regarding the instantaneous azimuthal pivot angle α _i relating to the barrel weapon axis 39 is additionally modulated onto each laser pulse in each pivot position of the optical transmitter 20. The pivot angles α ₁ to α ₄ are shown schematically in FIG. 5 for explanation. The transmitter 20 is in turn integrated in the weapon-side component 17 of the shooting simulator, which is firmly connected to the barrel weapon 11, here combined with the sight of the bazooka 37 to form a structural unit. Since the optical axis of the transmitter 20 is somewhat offset vertically with respect to the barrel weapon axis 39 due to the attachment of the weapon-side component 17 to the barrel weapon 11, the reference line 39 'for the pivoting angle is offset by the same amount above the barrel weapon axis 39. The reference line 39' for however, the swivel angle information always runs in the center of the barrel weapon parallel to the barrel weapon axis 39. The range of the pivot angle of the optical transmitter 20 is limited to the same azimuth range on the right and left of the center of the barrel weapon, i.e. the barrel weapon axis 39, which is at least as large as that for combating a cross-gun Gun barrel axis 39 moving target 13 required, taking into account the flight duration of the projectile fired at the moving target 13 projectile of the gun 11. When the simulated shot is triggered, the swiveling movement of the optical transmitter 20 always takes place from one of the boundary edges of the swivel angle region, in the example of FIG. 5 from the left, outer boundary edge of the swivel angle region.

5 of the target tank traveling in the direction of arrow 16 38 formed, movable target 13 is the same equipped target component 18 of the shot simulator, as shown in Fig. 4 in the block diagram, wherein the number of optical sensors 32 of the optical Receiving device 31 on two to three per long side of the Target 13 is limited, and the optical sensors 32 in Turret area of the target tank 38 are arranged. to Ensuring reliable reception of the light pulses through the optical sensors 32, the laser pulses in be spread vertically so that with everyone Laser pulse of the target armor 38 in its maximum height up to Top of the tower is illuminated. In the target component 18 of the shot simulator is now the same evaluation of the information transmitted in the laser pulses, as already described above, with the only difference that the hit detection previously used target distance using the Swivel angle information and the known own movement of the Target 13 is corrected. This correction takes place in the Way that calculates the target distance for a target position the target 13 moving at the target speed after going through one from the swivel angle information and the current distance resulting from the target distance would occupy within the storey flight time, which in turn is calculated from the weapon information. This Swivel angle information corresponds to that with the barrel weapon 11 set lead ϕ in azimuth, and if correct The setting of the lead ϕ is correct from the Weapon information calculated bullet impact with the corrected target range and a hit is made displayed.

If additional information about its transmission time is modulated onto the laser pulses emitted by the optical transmitter 20, as described above, the transmission of additional angle information α _i about the transmission direction to the target 13 can be dispensed with in the shot simulator described in FIG This information about the respective transmission time of the laser pulses can be used to derive the angle information about the transmission direction.

Claims (15)

1. Method for shot simulation with tube weapons which fire ballistic projectiles, having the following method steps which take place after firing of the shot;

   a) a target (13) is illuminated on only one plane by successive swivelling of an optically tightly focussed transmission light which is emitted from an optical transmitter (20) associated with the tube weapon,

   b) the transmission light is used to transmit to the target (13) modulated, exclusively weapon-specific information, namely information relating to the current position and vertical alignment for so-called tangent elevation, of the tube weapon (11), and relating to the type of weapon and projectile,

   c) in the target (13), which is equipped with an optical receiving device (31) for the transmission light and with a satellite-assisted position-finding system (35) for detection of the target position,

   c1) a virtual projectile impact is determined from the received and demodulated weapon-specific information,

   c2) the position of the tube weapon (11) is determined from the received and demodulated weapon-specific information, and the distance between the target (13) and the tube weapon (11) is determined from the target position obtained from the position-finding system (35), and

   c3) a hit confirmation is made from the comparison of the distances between the target (13) and the tube weapon (11) on the one hand, and the virtual projectile impact and the tube weapon (11) on the other hand.
2. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that any tilting of the tube weapon (11) with respect to a vertical and/or horizontal reference line is measured and the measurement values are modulated as further weapon-specific information onto the transmission light, and in that the information relating to the weapon tilting is used in the target (13) when determining the virtual projectile impact.
3. Method according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that trajectories of projectiles are stored with parameterization of the tangent elevation (ε) as well as the type of weapon and projectile in the target (13), and in that the associated trajectory is looked for, and the virtual projectile impact is read, using the received and the demodulated weapon-specific information.
4. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the transmission light is swivelled downwards in a vertical plane from an alignment parallel to the tube weapon (11).
5. Method according to Claim 4, characterized in that the optical receiving device (31) of the preferably moving target (13) is provided with a belt which is mounted on the target (13), runs horizontally around it, and is composed of a large number of light detectors (32) which are separated from one another.
6. Method according to Claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the transmission light is spread optically in the horizontal direction.
7. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the transmission light is swivelled at a constant rate in a horizontal plane, and information relating to the current swivel angle, with respect to the tube weapon (11), is modulated onto the transmission light in each swivel position, and in that the target distance which is used to confirm a hit on the target is corrected in advance by means of the swivel angle information and the known movement of the target (13) itself.
8. Method according to Claim 7, characterized in that the correction is carried out in such a way that the target distance is calculated for a target position which the target (13) (which is moving at the target velocity) assumes after passing through a distance (which results from the swivel angle information and the current target distance) during the projectile time of flight, which is obtained from the weapon information.
9. Method according to Claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the pivoting range of the transmission light is limited to the same azimuth angle to the right and left of the tube weapon centre which corresponds at least to a maximum lead angle (which takes account of the maximum time of flight of the fired projectile) of the tube weapon (11) in azimuth when attacking a target which is moving at maximum speed transversely with respect to the firing direction, and in that, when the simulated shot is fired, the transmission direction is swivelled from one of the boundary edges of the swivelling range.
10. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the transmission light is produced as a sequence of laser pulses, and the weapon-specific information is modulated onto each laser pulse.
11. Method according to Claim 10, characterized in that the laser pulses are transmitted at a constant pulse repetition frequency.
12. Method according to one of Claims 7 to 11, characterized in that information relating to its transmission time is additionally modulated onto each laser pulse, and in that, without the swivel angle information being transmitted, the swivel angle information is derived in the target (13) from the information relating to the transmission times.
13. Method according to Claim 12, characterized in that the time between the firing of the simulated shot and the transmission of the respective laser pulse is indicated as information relating to the transmission time.
14. Method according to Claim 13, characterized in that the information relating to the transmission time is tapped off at the output of a counter which is clocked at a constant frequency.
15. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the positions of the tube weapon (11) and of the target (13) are detected by means of in each case one satellite-assisted position-finding system, for example GPS or DGPS, which is arranged on them.

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