DE3238848A1 - METHOD AND DEVICE FOR ENTIRELY CORRECTING THE SHOOTING PROCESS FROM ONE SHOT TO THE FOLLOWING ON A GUN WITH THE STRAIGHT WAY - Google Patents

Description

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Method and device for correcting the total Shooting process from one shot to the next in a weapon with an extended firing path.

description

The invention relates to weapons with an extended trajectory, i.e. weapons whose projectiles have a trajectory with a related have a low arch height on the route flown through, for example an arch height in the order of magnitude of 1% of the distance or less.

The shooting accuracy of "weapons with an extended trajectory (Cannons, missiles) has been improved considerably in the recent past. This was done because of the commitment perfected sighting devices and measuring devices with which the value of a variety of parameters it can be determined which are included in the firing path calculation, and because of the use it is faster and more accurate Computer that receives the information given by these recipients evaluate and transfer the settings for shooting to the launch ear.

In any case, the use of these funds does not allow that high degree of hit probability to get which is required today to eliminate an opponent with even greater certainty within a short period of time.

In fact, these means do not allow:

- The ambient conditions (wind direction, air density, etc.) to measure, to which the bullet is exposed on its trajectory and which on the trajectory of a rocket flying on the ground

kete have a special influence:

-the possible errors of the firing devices (for example, curvature and wear of the launch tube) or the To take into account correction facilities (poor coordination);

- the random or systematic errors that occur in the The above means occur and the errors inherent in these means must be taken into account.

The invention is based on the object of specifying a method and a device which enable the To correct shooting from one shot to the next, taking into account all of these sources of error will.

Various methods are known for correcting a shooting event. "·· * ■ ·"
20th

In US-PS 4,015,285 a method is described to provide the shooter with real-time visual indications about the To give the position of the projectile at the assumed time of the hit, i.e. when the projectile is at the same distance how the target is located. This process is based on the reflection of laser pulses by the projectile. When the target is in a smoke or dusty atmosphere, which is generally the case when the target is a land vehicle, so the reflection is the

® "Laser signals severely disturbed in the immediate vicinity of the target and it is very difficult to determine the position of the projectile in this area.

In DE-PS 2 827 856 a process is given to to provide the shooter with qualitative information on the position of the bullet, if it is assumed to be

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located near the target, being the observation room of the projectile is divided into a left and a right area, and observation of the projectile takes place, while it is at a shorter distance than that of the target and a greater distance than that of the target.

This procedure makes it possible to avoid observation of the projectile at the assumed time of impact, * 0 however, this procedure is only qualitative.

The invention relates to a qualitative method which is based on the determination of the position of the projectile to the assumed Hit time based, the position determination being obtained without actually observing the To use bullet.

According to the invention, the distance of the projectile from the target axis at a selected point in time before the other

The hit time taken is measured, based on this measurement and by extrapolating the projectile trajectory, the Distance of the projectile from the target at the assumed hit time is calculated and this distance is used for correction

of the following shooting process. 25th

The assumed hit time is based on the distance determination in a manner known per se of the target and the shooting parameters (type of projectile, atmospheric conditions, etc ...) are calculated.

The selected point in time prior to this assumed point in time is chosen so that the floor is near the However, the target is outside the area disturbed by the target. This point in time is, for example 35

then before when the projectile 95% of its theoretical trajectory

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has flown through, for example when the projectile

100m from the finish if the track is 2km. In terms of flight duration, if the theoretical flight duration is 2 seconds. this time is 1.8sec. after this 5

Launch of the projectile.

The path that must be extrapolated from the target axis after this last measurement of the distance between the projectile and the target axis, is determined by calculation based on the distance of the target and the shooting parameters or based on the observations of the projectile between its launch or launch and the chosen point in time mentioned.

At this selected point in time, it can be a non-15th

act once.

The determination of the distance of the projectile from the target axis at the point in time or at the selected points in time

be carried out by any suitable means. Example-20

The projectile is wise in a manner known per se provided with a rear reflector and the projectile is illuminated with a laser beam or laser pulses (advantageously with the same laser beam as the

_nt . used for sighting the target) and the return of the reflected impulses is used to create a point representing the position of the projectile on a detection surface, on the same detection surface the track of the target axis of the target and the metric distance of the projectile from the The target axis is calculated on the basis of the coordinates of this track and this point and the distance of the projectile determined at this selected point in time.

In a preferred embodiment, the method of the invention is as follows :

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1) a goal is continuously manual or automatic sighted with an optical sighting device, i.e. the optical axis of the sighting device is left under these conditions go through the goal,

2) it is continuous on a photoelectric, flat detection surface, which is preferably perpendicular to is arranged on the optical axis, generates the image of the track of said axis,

3) light pulses, for example generated by a laser associated with the sighting device, are generated in this way sent out that the distance between sighting device and target is measured,

4) the time corresponding to this distance or the corresponding plan of the assumed flight of the person to be shot down Floor is taken from a store,

5) the bullet is in the best direction, which one

is known a priori, in particular from a shooting computer, shot down,

6) it becomes continuous or to with respect to time programmed times on the photosensitive surface specified under 2) the image of the aforementioned telemetry pulses, which have been returned from the projectile, generated, the projectile advantageously for this purpose is provided with an adapted, reflective surface which is arranged at its end (for example a right-angled triplet),

7) the distance between the sighting device and the projectile measured,

8) at the same point in time or at the same points in time, the interval between that specified in 6) will be Image and the track specified in 2) measured along two axes passing through this track,

9) the measurements specified in 7) and 8) are carried out continuously or at programmed times

metric position of the projectile in relation to the optical axis of the sighting device derived,

10) the position or trajectory of the projectile thus measured becomes continuous or closed

programmed times compared with the predetermined one by means of a computer, which is the one in 5) may be the distance between the assumed path or paths or the assumed Position or the assumed positions and the real path or the real positions of the projectile to be determined at the theoretical hit time.

11) these distances are used to repeat a better-aligned shooting process.

An optical sighting device should be understood to mean any sighting device that is sufficiently straight Propagation properties of electromagnetic, visible or invisible waves of short wavelength

_o _ used.

A sighting device stabilized by a gyroscope is preferably used.

_ot - Provision is made to measure the inclination of the optical axis of the sighting device with respect to a horizontal plane passing through the sighting device by means of a vertical sensor :.

QQ This vertical sensor can control an optical equalization device for the image of the projectile in order to keep one of the two axes of the coordinate system of the photosensitive surface horizontal.

The distance obtained with the method according to the invention between the projectile and the target at the assumed time of the hit is used to do the following shooting

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to correct.

It should be noted that the following shooting process is not the immediately following shooting process can act and that the term firing is applied to a projectile or a series of projectiles can be.

Likewise, the term "correction" must be understood in the broadest sense. It can be a correction which goes into the calculation parameters, or a correction, which is included in the calculation result, or a correction in the type of calculation.

The correction can also be a blocking of the following shooting process.

The following is an apparatus for performing the method according to the invention ^ explained with reference to the figures. It shows:

Fig. 1 is a generally schematic representation of the device, and

2 shows a schematic representation of the detection area.

The device shown in Fig. 1 for reaching a target C with a projectile P typically comprises an optical sighting device 1 _T, the optical axis of which is shown in broken lines and passes through the target C, and a laser range finder 2, which is can be one with which the sighting device of a related firearm is usually equipped with an extended trajectory. With the sighting device

is connected to an opto-electronic device which

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a ßrfassungsflache 3 (Figure 2) includes, on the same time an image C of the target C and an image P 'of the projectile P can be generated.

The detection surface is any known detection surface, for example, such that electronic or mechanical such as a television screen is scanned visible or infrared, or of the type that is composed of a mosaic of static sensing elements, or ¹ ^ a combination of these two species. Known means 4 are connected to the opto-electronic device in order to calculate ^{the relative coordinates of the two images P 1 and C.}

¹ ^ In order to obtain the image of the target, the shooter continuously aims with the sighting device 1 during the entire flight duration of the projectile and the track of the sighting axis forms the image of the target on the opto-electronic surface- 3. It is recommended , an automatic follow-up device

^AVJ tion to use for the goal.

In order to obtain an evaluable image of the projectile P, this is with a slightly scattering, rear-valued reflector or floor 6 is formed, and this is illuminated

with one or more light pulses emitted by the range finder 2 should be sent out, preferably as late as possible during the projectile's flight time, so that the Correction, which is carried out on the basis of the measurement or the measurements of the deviation, is only made

after the projectile has been exposed to the maximum influences, ie only when it has arrived in the immediate vicinity of the target. The return of the light pulse has a double function: it enables, through the mediation of ¹ I

the deviation between the projectile and the sight axis and 35

the distance between

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see the projectile and the sighting device to determine. At the time of the return of each laser pulse, the shooter has the distance of the projectile and its angular deviation with respect to the sighting axis and thus, through a simple calculation, the metric deviations Ax, / S> y with regard to this axis, if these deviations required are.

The firing of the weapon is usually controlled by a computer and a program control unit 7 for firing. This computer controls the operation of the laser transmitter of the range finder 2 (this is shown schematically by the Connection 8 shown) and receives the distance information supplied by the range finder (this is schematic represented by connection 9). The computer

on the other hand, receives the parameters of the angular deviation, which through device 4 (connection 10) on the basis of the information provided by the opto-electronic device opto-electronic SignaSTC connection 11). 20th

In general, the opto-electronic surface rotates, on which the image of the target and the luminous point created by the reflector of the projectile are created,

randomly around the finish line, especially if the 25th

Sighting device on a moving one Vehicle is arranged. Thus, the rough orbit measurement would have no spatial value and therefore not be used to determine the Deviations can be used, which are of interest for ballistic calculations. As a result, the opto-

electronic device comprising a prismatic image corrector 12 or one with mirrors, one of which is conventional Embodiment is known as a PECHAN prism. This image equalizer is operated by a pendulum (the vehicle is stationary)

__ or gyroscopic (the vehicle is moving) vertical sensor 13 controlled or regulated (connection 1M), whichever is suitable

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is set to zero and is not sufficiently linear. Another particularly elegant way of proceeding is possible if a minimum of rapid calculation possibilities is available, which is generally the case with modern sighting devices. With one or two gravity or inertial sensors to measure the instantaneous bank angle oC and the instantaneous angle [3 of inclination of the sighting device and passes through calculation of the above-mentioned coarse deviations from the horizontal and ¹ ^ vertical deviations which to correct the rough deviation Δ * and A y of the shooting process are necessary.

In a preferred embodiment, this is required Directional computer to follow in real time by calculating the assumed * ° path of the storey with distance values, i.e. with Break down the theoretical deviations ijp. with respect to .the Finish line (this path again reaches the finish line for the calculated Hit time) and to cause a laser emission a little before this time. Upon receipt of the return

The computer then takes into account the actual, coarse deviations Δ χ and Δ y »projected when the laser emission occurs them on the vertical and horizontal axes, and the distance of the projectile with respect to the line of sight as it has been specified above, and calculated by means of

a short extrapolation, the assumed deviations of the hit or miss: Ix, Iy, Iz. In view of that these calculations are based on measurements at the end of the trajectory are those assumed and extrapolated Deviations in the hit or miss are sufficient

precisely. In addition, there is nothing to prevent the computer being used being powerful enough to program can be to use the very last laser echo for the extrapolation, which is correct from the device has been received to measure the deviation, which is also

if constitutes a feature of the invention. The deviations Ix, Iy, Iz are saved and used in the calculation for the

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Adjustment of the firing process for the second shot to be fired introduced. In this context it seems to be fundamentally advantageous when firing from a moving vehicle, a series of shots of two (or more) shots separated from a range / deviation measurement, what can easily be done with a weapon with automatic loading and firing. This feature of the invention can be improved by entering one command into the computer, and consequently this command the second or causes or blocks one of the following firing processes if the deviations Ix, Iy, Iz are below a certain, predetermined value calculated as a function of the known shooting dispersion.

In Figure 1, the device 15 for loading the weapon with its control device 16, which of the control are symbolically by the computer 7 (connection 17) is subject, and the aiming device 18 of the weapon is represented by the Computer is controlled (connection 19).

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Claims (10)

Claims 1, Procedure for correcting the entire shooting process from one shot to the next in a weapon with an extended trajectory, characterized in that that the target is sighted along a target axis, that the assumed point in time of the hit is calculated, that the distance of the projectile from the target axis at a selected, before the assumed point in time Time is calculated that based on this measurement and extrapolating the projectile trajectory, the deviation of the projectile from the target to the accepted Hit time is calculated and that this deviation is used to control the following shooting process. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that g e k e η η that a projectile is used from which a laser beam or laser pulses can be reflected, that the projectile with a laser beam or with laser pulses (advantageously the same laser beam, which is used to sight the target) is illuminated that the returning, reflective pulses can be used to create a point on a detection area indicating the position of the projectile, that the track of the target axis is generated for the target and that the metric Deviation of the bullet from the target axis due to the Coordinates of said track and said point and based on the determination of the distance of the projectile is calculated at the selected time. • ν - * - · ■ -. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the target with an optical Sighting device is sighted in such a way that the optical axis of the sighting device passes through the target, that the image of the track of said axis is continuously generated on a photoelectric detection surface, that continuously or at programmed points in time with regard to the time on this photosensitive detection surface a corresponding to the position of the projectile Image is generated that continuously or at times programmed with respect to the time of the distance sighting device -Floor and at the same time the deviation between the image and the track along two Axes is measured which pass through the track to thereby determine the metric position of the bullet with respect to derive the optical axis of the sighting device. 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized characterized in that the selected point in time is determined in such a way that the projectile is at this point in time in front of the area disturbed by the target when the target is causing interference. 5. An apparatus for performing the method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in _t that the apparatus comprises in combination means (1) in order to aim at the target, and continuously during the flight time of the projectile, an image of the target on a detection surface ( 3) to generate means (2) to illuminate the projectile with light pulses, means (6) on the projectile to reflect these pulses in the direction of the sighting device (1) in such a way that an image is formed on the detection surface (3) of the projectile is generated, and means (4) for calculating the distance of the projectile from the target line directed towards the target on the basis of the images. 6. Apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that the sighting device with a laser range finder (2) is equipped, which delivers the pulses. 7. Apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that the device has a computer (7) for Directing includes which, based on the distance calculated in this way, corrects the aiming of the weapon. 8th . Device according to Claim 5, characterized net that the device includes means to perform in real time by calculating the assumed trajectory of the projectile and generating light pulses just before the end this train triggers. ORIGINAL 9. Device according to one of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that the device is a device for automatically loading (15) the weapon and for triggering (16) or preventing the firing process. 5 10. Device according to one of claims 5 to 9, characterized in that one by a gyroscope stabilized sighting device is used. BAD ORiGfNAE