Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C215/00—Compounds containing amino and hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
  • C07C215/02—Compounds containing amino and hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton
  • C07C215/22—Compounds containing amino and hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being unsaturated
  • C07C215/24—Compounds containing amino and hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being unsaturated and acyclic
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
  • A61K8/68—Sphingolipids, e.g. ceramides, cerebrosides, gangliosides
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
  • A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q17/00—Barrier preparations; Preparations brought into direct contact with the skin for affording protection against external influences, e.g. sunlight, X-rays or other harmful rays, corrosive materials, bacteria or insect stings
  • A61Q17/005—Antimicrobial preparations

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the field of topical application, especially topical application of sphingoid base derivatives.
• Sphingoid bases like sphingosine are known to be potent effectors of skin cell differentiation and proliferation, by interfering with basic biochemical cell processes (Hannun, Y.A. and Bell, R.M. (1 989), Science 243, 500-507).
• free sphingosine inhibits the activity of protein kinase C and thus plays a pivotal role in signal transduction and regulation of cell division (Hannun, Y.A. et al. (1 986), J. Biol. Chem. 261 , 1 2604-1 2609).
• sphingoid bases such as antimicrobial activity
• sphingoid bases may be included as an active ingredient in various cosmetic compositions.
• sphingosine has been described for the treatment of various abnormalities and disorders concerning the skin, such as dry skin, xeroderma and psoriasis. Sphingosine can also protect the skin against various harmful or undesirable effects, such as the effects of UV light and skin ageing.
• sphingoid bases have been included in topical compositions as an antiinflammatory agent or an antimicrobial agent (W098/49999).
• a disadvantage of sphingoid bases is their scarce solubility in an aqueous environment. This phenomenon hampers the use of these compounds in aqueous formulations. For instance, to display an effective antimicrobial activity, it is important to have the sphingoid base solubilized in an aqueous formulation. Pegcription pf the inventipn
• the present invention discloses derivatives of sphingoid bases which have a substantially increased solubility in water than their free base counterparts. As a consequence, these sphingoid base derivatives display a surprisingly improved efficacy when formulated in an aqueous composition.
• the sphingoid base derivatives of the invention are salts of sphingoid bases.
• the anion of a sphingoid base salt is derived from any suitable acid.
• a suitable acid is defined as an acid which, upon mixing with a sphingoid base in a suitable solvent, produces a salt which has an increased solubility in an aqueous medium as compared to the solubility of the sphingoid base as such.
• the acid is an acid which itself may have an efficacy in topical application.
• the acid is a hydrophilic acid able to deliver the sphingoid base to the water phase of a cosmetic or pharmaceutical composition.
• the acid is a hydrophilic organic acid such as an ⁇ -hydroxy alkanoic acid, a ?-hydroxy alkanoic acid, an ⁇ , ?-dihydroxy alkanoic acid, an alkanedioic acid or a mineral acid.
• hydrophilic organic acids are lactic acid, glycolic acid, malic acid, pyruvic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, citric acid, ascorbic acid, gluconic acid and/or pyroglutamic acid (pyrrolidone carboxylic acid).
• mineral acids are hydrochloric acid, nitric acid and/or phosphoric acid.
• the acid is a lipophilic organic acid, such that the combination with a sphingoid base increases the efficacy of both the lipophilic acid as well as the sphingoid base.
• the sphingoid base salts of the invention may be prepared as follows.
• the sphingoid base is dissolved in a suitable organic solvent, whereupon at least one equivalent of a suitable acid is added.
• a suitable organic solvent preferably is a solvent wherein the end product, i.e. the sphingoid base salt, is insoluble.
• a suitable organic solvent for instance is ethanol or methyl isobutyl ketone.
• a sphingoid base salt is used as a starting compound for the preparation of another sphingoid base salt. It is essential that the sphingoid base salts of the invention are prepared prior to their intended use, e.g. their inclusion in a topical composition. The inclusion of a free sphingoid base in a topical composition additionally containing anions from one or more of the acids as defined herein above will not result in an increased solubility and/or an increased efficacy.
• the sphingoid base salts of the invention preferably are salts of the sphingoid bases sphingosine, sphinganine or phytosphingosine. More preferably, the sphingoid base salts are salts of phytosphingosine.
• phytosphingosine is obtained via a microbial fermentation.
• phytosphingosine is obtained from Pichia ciferrii-derived tetraacetyl-phytosphingosine (TAPS), by a suitable deacetylation reaction.
• the deacetylation may be chemical, e.g. by base catalyzed hydrolysis with potassium hydroxide, or enzymatical.
• the resulting phytosphingosine may be purified. Such a purification can occur by any method known to a person skilled in the art.
• Yeast-derived phytosphingosine is human skin-identical, as it is reported to have the same stereochemical configuration as mammalian phytosphingosine, i.e. the D-D-erythro configuration.
• the sphingoid base salts of the invention have a solubility in an aqueous environment which is considerably higher than the solubility of the free sphingoid base. It is further surprisingly shown by the present invention that sphingoid base salts have an increased efficacy as compared to the free sphingoid base, even in an environment where the free sphingoid base also is in a solubilised form.
• the free sphingoid base may be in a solubilised form by the additional presence in the aqueous medium of an organic solvent and a surface active compound.
• compositions comprising a sphingoid base derivative according to the invention are suitable for topical application, whereby topical application is understood to comprise cosmetic and/or dermatological application on the skin, on hair and on the epithelial linings of mouth, nose, eye, urogenital tract, and the like.
• the sphingoid base derivatives of the present invention preferably are incorporated in a topical composition in a concentration which may range from 0.001 to 5 wt %, preferably from 0.005 to 5 wt %, more preferably from 0.01 to 2.5 wt %, most preferably from 0.02 to 1 wt %, especially preferably from 0.02 to 0.5 wt %.
• Topical compositions including a sphingoid base derivative according to the invention are particularly suitable to apply to various topically occurring undesirable and/or abnormal conditions associated with inflammation and/or microbial activity.
• topically occurring undesirable and/or abnormal conditions to which topical compositions comprising the sphingoid base derivatives of the invention are advantageously applied are eczema, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, acne, dandruff, mouth and/or lip infections, mycoses, various other skin- infectious diseases or vaginal infections.
• Topical compositions comprising said sphingoid base derivatives are further advantageously applied for wound-healing, e.g. in case of burns, and for normalisation of skin flora.
• the sphingoid base derivatives of the invention additionally may function as a preservative in cosmetic and dermatological compositions, to decrease and/or substitute for existing chemical preservatives.
• the precipitate was filtered off and the cake was replaced with 1 50 ml of ethanol (fast filtration and replacing, total of 2 minutes).
• the precipitate was filtered off and the cake was replaced with 1 50 ml of ethanol (fast filtration and replacing, total of 3 minutes)
• a glassy precipitate was obtained. At 45 °C a 1 ml sample was taken which started to crystallise upon scratching. This was used to seed the mixture during further cooling.
• a 10 mg/ml stock solution of phytosphingosine (PS) was prepared in a solvent system, consisting of 1 volume fraction ethanol, 2 volume fractions Tween 20 and 17 volume fractions 50% glycerol in water.
• the components of the solvent system were added to the phytosphingosine in this order, and the solution was shaken vigorously after each addition. When all solvents had been added, the mixture was heated to 40°C for 1 5 to 30 minutes. Dilutions from this stock solution (if necessary) were made in 5% ethanol in water. All solutions were prepared 24 hours prior to use, and kept at room temperature.
• Example 6 the procedure described in Example 6 was slightly modified (all methods and conditions were identical unless specified otherwise).
• the starved cells were more susceptible to the antifungal action of PS than were the energised cells.
• 250 mg/l PS proved to be as effective in killing the starved cells as 500 mg/l.
• the lag phase is presumably due to the presence of endogenous energy stores of the cells, and this again shows that PS is particularly effective towards the starved condition.
• Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 14458 was prepared similarly to the procedure described in Example 6 (BHI medium (Difco), incubation at 37°C).
• agar plates for the diffusion test 300 ml of BHI medium, with 1 % agar and 1 5 % glycerol added, was molten and cooled to 50°C. Then 6 ml of a sterile glucose solution (50% w/v) and 6 ml of the overnight culture of the micro-organism were added. Petri dishes were filled with 1 2.5 ml of this agar medium, and the medium was allowed to solidify.
• test formulations were prepared as indicated in Figure 6, with a lipid phase of octyl dodecyl lactate. They contained 1 , 2 or 5 g/l PS.
• a stainless steel ring (6 mm internal diameter) was put into an empty, sterile Petri dish. Inside this ring, 2 paper disks (6 mm diameter) were placed to cover the bottom, and 50 ⁇ of the test formulation was applied to the filter disks.
• the rings were put on the surface of the agar plates containing the micro-organisms, the agar plates were stored at 5°C for the periods indicated in the Table to allow diffusion of the test solutions, after which the rings were removed. Subsequently, the agar plates were incubated at a temperature suitable for the growth of the micro-organisms (37°C).
• phytosphingosine had an improved solubility in aqueous systems. This prompted us to compare their antimicrobial activity to that of PS itself.
• the following derivatives were investigated: the glycolic acid, lactic acid and hydrochloric acid salts of phytosphingosine. Stock solutions of the phytosphingosine salts were prepared as described in Example 6 for phytosphingosine, and the same experimental conditions were used.
• Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 14458 and Escherichia coli 421 were used: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 14458 and Escherichia coli 421 . All incubations were performed at 37°C. Both bacteria were grown as described in Example 8, 50 ⁇ culture was harvested by centrifugation, washed with 1 ml sterile demineralised water, and resuspended in 0.5 ml sterile demineralised water.
• a 10 mg/ml stock solution of PS was prepared as described previously. Dilutions from this stock solution (if necessary) were made in 5% ethanol in water. All solutions were prepared 24 hours prior to use, and kept at room temperature. The antibacterial effect of phytosphingosine against these two bacteria was investigated using the LIVE/DEAD ® Bac ⁇ ghtTM Bacterial Viability Kit L-701 2 (Molecular Probes Inc., Oregon, USA). This kit employs two different fluorescent stains, SYTO 9 stain and propidium iodide, to make distinction between living and dead cells, which can be observed using a fluorescence microscope with the appropriate filters.
• the solutions of the dyes provided in the kit were mixed 1 : 1 just before use, and 1 .5 ⁇ of this fluorescent dye mixture was added to 0.5 ml bacterial suspension. Subsequently, 50 ⁇ of an appropriate dilution of the phytosphingosine stock solution were added, to obtain the final concentrations indicated in Figure 5. After mixing, these suspensions were incubated, and the fraction of living and dead cells were followed over time.
• the microscopic examinations were performed using an Olympus BHB fluorescence microscope, with the following filter set: dichroic mirror blue (B), excitation filter IF490, emission filter O530 (living cells are green, dead cells are orange/yellow).
• filter set dichroic mirror blue (B), excitation filter IF490, emission filter O530 (living cells are green, dead cells are orange/yellow).
• the E. coli cells were also killed quite effectively, and in this organism the dead cells could be quantified readily (Figure 5). It appears that the cells are ⁇ o killed by PS in a dose-dependent manner, and that the bacteria are more sensitive to this compound than are the fungi.
• Example 6 An overnight culture of the indicated test organisms was prepared as described in Example 6 and 8, and the samples were applied to the test plates as described in Example 8. The samples were prepared as the appropriate dilutions from stock solutions, prepared as described previously. The agar plates
• the agar plates were incubated at a temperature suitable for the growth of the micro-organisms (37 °C). After the micro-organisms were fully grown in the non-inhibited areas of the agar plates, the degree of inhibition was measured as the zone of no growth

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• 2000
  • 2000-03-09 CN CN00807004A patent/CN1360567A/zh active Pending
  • 2000-03-09 EP EP00907673A patent/EP1159256A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2000-03-09 KR KR1020017011411A patent/KR20010108331A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2000-03-09 BR BR0009265-7A patent/BR0009265A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2000-03-09 WO PCT/EP2000/002191 patent/WO2000053568A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2000-03-09 JP JP2000604009A patent/JP2002539110A/ja active Pending

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