EP1157142A1 - Method for producing a wear-resistant surface on components consisting of steel and machine with at least one component of this type - Google Patents

Method for producing a wear-resistant surface on components consisting of steel and machine with at least one component of this type

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Publication number
EP1157142A1
EP1157142A1 EP00910670A EP00910670A EP1157142A1 EP 1157142 A1 EP1157142 A1 EP 1157142A1 EP 00910670 A EP00910670 A EP 00910670A EP 00910670 A EP00910670 A EP 00910670A EP 1157142 A1 EP1157142 A1 EP 1157142A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
steel
protective covering
layers
hardness
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP00910670A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1157142B1 (en
Inventor
Lech Moczulski
Erling Bredal Andersen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
MAN B&W Diesel AS
Original Assignee
MAN B&W Diesel AS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by MAN B&W Diesel AS filed Critical MAN B&W Diesel AS
Publication of EP1157142A1 publication Critical patent/EP1157142A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1157142B1 publication Critical patent/EP1157142B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
    • C23C4/06—Metallic material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C30/00—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C26/00—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00
    • C23C26/02—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00 applying molten material to the substrate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/02—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material
    • C23C28/021—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material including at least one metal alloy layer
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/02—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material
    • C23C28/023—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material only coatings of metal elements only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/02—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material
    • C23C28/028—Including graded layers in composition or in physical properties, e.g. density, porosity, grain size
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F7/00—Casings, e.g. crankcases or frames
    • F02F2007/0097—Casings, e.g. crankcases or frames for large diesel engines

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a wear-resistant surface in the case of components made of steel and, according to a further inventive idea, relates to a machine with at least one component made of steel which is at least partially provided with a wear-resistant surface.
  • This object is achieved in connection with the generic method in that several overlapping layers of aluminum bronze are melted successively onto the base material consisting of steel to form an intermediate layer harder than steel and an even harder outer layer, and in connection with the generic machine solved in that a protective covering is provided to form the wear-resistant surface, which consists of several, preferably two overlapping layers of aluminum bronze melted onto the base material consisting of steel.
  • the aluminum bronze which is preferably melted by welding, surprisingly proves to be harder in the outer layer than in the inner layer.
  • a hardness of 300-400 HV was achieved in the inner layer and a hardness of 500-600 HV, which was considerably greater than that, in the outer layer.
  • a comparatively hard outer layer and an intermediate layer that is softer, but still harder against steel automatically result in an advantageous manner from the base material consisting of steel, which has a hardness of 100-200 HV. This ensures that the difference in hardness between the base material and the wear-resistant outer layer is not overcome in one step, but in several steps.
  • the measures according to the invention therefore advantageously ensure a high level of overall viability.
  • the respective receiving material is preferably preheated in the furnace before melting a layer of aluminum-bronze.
  • the hardness values of the lower and upper layers can be increased by preheating. There is therefore a simple possibility for individually adapting the desired degrees of hardness to the circumstances of the individual case.
  • a preheating temperature of 350 ° C has proven to be particularly preferred.
  • optimal hardness values can be achieved without changing the structure of the base material.
  • Another possibility for adapting the achievable degrees of hardness to the circumstances of the individual case is advantageously to vary the composition of the aluminum bronze used. If a particularly high hardness is to be achieved, it is advisable to use aluminum bronze with 13% - 16% Al, 4% - 5% Fe, 0.2% - 0.8% Si, 1% - 2% Mn, at most 0 , 2% C and rest Cu are used. A lower hardness can be achieved by using an aluminum bronze with 8% - 11% Al, 4% - 6% Ni, 3% - 5% Fe, 1% - 2% Mn and the rest Cu. In this way, the hardness of the outer layer and / or the lower layer can be adapted to the needs of the individual case.
  • a further advantageous measure can consist in that a quickly wearing coating, for example made of M0S2, is applied to the outer, wear-resistant layer made of aluminum-bronze in order to achieve good running-in properties.
  • This running-in layer which during the Run-in phase disappears by itself, ensures that the hard base layer formed by the outer layer made of aluminum-bronze is only exposed and comes into play after a certain run-in period, which has an advantageous effect on achieving a long service life.
  • Figure 1 is a partial view of a & euzkopfguidance of a large two-stroke diesel engine
  • FIG. 2 shows an enlarged illustration of a section of the arrangement according to FIG. 1 provided with a protective covering.
  • the present invention can be used wherever a component made of steel needs a protective coating on the surface with a hardness that goes beyond the hardness of steel, which is 100-200 HV. This is the case, for example, in the case of different, highly stressed tread components of engines, such as piston rings, crosshead guides or the like. With the help of compared to the base material harder protective covering, the wear rate should be reduced and thus the service life should be increased. The greatest possible hardness of the stressed surface and the best possible connection to the base material are therefore sought.
  • the section on which the figure 1 is based from the frame of a two-stroke large diesel engine, contains two stator walls 2 flanking a cross head 1.
  • the cross head 1 has lateral sliding shoes 3, which are provided at their ends with guide plates 4 which face away from one another. These run on guide rails 5 provided on the stand side and facing one another with treads.
  • the guide plates 4 and guide rails 5 consist of normal steel as the base material and are provided in the area of their mutually facing running surfaces with a protective covering 6 which has a higher hardness than steel and therefore has a long service life.
  • a protective covering can of course also be provided in the case of other components made of steel, such as bearing bushes, piston rings, etc., which are exposed to similar loads.
  • the protective covering 6 is made of aluminum-bronze and, as can best be seen from FIG. 2, is produced by two layers 8, 9, which are expediently melted onto the base material 7, successively melted onto one another by welding.
  • the hardness of steel is usually 100 - 200 HV.
  • the hardness of aluminum bronze is usually of the order of 200 HV.
  • the lower layer 8 first welded onto the base material 7 made of steel surprisingly already has a hardness of approximately 300-400 HV.
  • the second, outer layer 9 surprisingly results in an even greater hardness of approximately 500-600 HV.
  • the outer layer 9 is therefore particularly suitable as a wear-resistant base layer, which guarantees a long service life even under robust operating conditions.
  • an inlay layer 10 made of a comparatively fast-wearing material, for example M0S2 can be applied to the outer layer 9, which disappears automatically during the infeed phase, so that the outer layer, which consists of aluminum-bronze, then has a high hardness Layer 9 comes into play, as indicated in Figure 2 on the right.
  • the inner layer 8 has a higher toughness and impact resistance, so that the surface parallel as indicated by the arrows 11, 12 Shear forces and surface-normal transverse forces can be absorbed well and transferred to the base material 7.
  • the thickness of the layers 8, 9 welded onto one another is the same. This thickness can be approximately 1.5 mm. Other thicknesses or different thicknesses between the layers 8, 9 are of course possible. It would also be conceivable to weld more than two layers onto one another, although the embodiment on which the example shown is based, with two layers 8, 9 welded onto one another, has proven to be particularly preferred.
  • an aluminum-bronze which contains 8% -25% Al, at least one of the components Sb, Co, Be, Cr, Sn, Mn, Si, Cd, Zn, Fe, Ni, Pb and C each contain 0.2% -10% and the rest Cu. If particularly high hardness values of one and / or the other layer 8, 9 are desired, an aluminum-bronze can advantageously be used which contains 13% - 16% Al, 4% - 5% Fe, 0.2% - 0.8% Si, 1% - 2% Mn, at most 0.2% C and balance Cu.
  • an aluminum bronze with 8% - 11% Al, 4% - 6% Ni, 3% - 5% fe, 1% - 2% Mn and rest Cu are used.
  • one or the other aluminum bronze can be used for one or the other layer 8, 9.
  • the layers 8, 9 can, as already mentioned above, be applied by a welding process. An electric arc or laser beams or flames can be used.
  • the receiving workpiece can be the base material 7 before the application of the lower layer 8 and the intermediate product coated in this way before the application of the second layer 9 are preheated.
  • the preheating is expediently carried out in an oven, a preheating temperature of approximately 350 ° C. being found to be particularly expedient.

Abstract

According to the invention, components consisting of steel are provided with a protective coat (6) with an intermediate layer which is harder than steel and a still harder outer layer by successively melting superposed layers (8, 9) consisting of aluminium-bronze onto the steel base material (7).

Description

Verfahren zur Erzeugung einer verschleißfesten Oberfläche bei aus Stahl bestehenden Bauteilen sowie Maschine mit wenigstens einem derartigen BauteilMethod for producing a wear-resistant surface in the case of components made of steel and machine with at least one such component
Die Erfindung betrifft gemäß einem ersten Erfindungsgedanken ein Verfahren zur Erzeugung einer verschleißfesten Oberfläche bei aus Stahl bestehenden Bauteilen und geht gemäß einem weiteren Er&ndungsgedanken auf eine Maschine mit wenigstens einem aus Stahl bestehenden Bauteil, das zumindest teilweise mit einer verschleißfesten Oberfläche versehen ist.According to a first idea of the invention, the invention relates to a method for producing a wear-resistant surface in the case of components made of steel and, according to a further inventive idea, relates to a machine with at least one component made of steel which is at least partially provided with a wear-resistant surface.
Es ist bekannt, aus Stahl bestehende Bauteile zur Bildung einer harten Oberfläche oberflächenseitig zu härten. Dies erfordert jedoch eine aufwendige Wärmebehandlung, die viel Erfahrung verlangt. Außerdem reichen die dabei erzielbaren Härtegrade vielfach nicht aus. Ein weiterer Nachteil ist darin zu sehen, dass bei einer oberflächenseitigen Härtung nur eine vergleichsweise geringe Härtetiefe erzielbar ist und eine große Abplat-zgefahr besteht. Es lassen sich daher nur vergleichsweise geringe Standzeiten erreichen.It is known to harden components made of steel on the surface side to form a hard surface. However, this requires a complex heat treatment that requires a lot of experience. In addition, the degrees of hardness that can be achieved are often not sufficient. Another disadvantage is the fact that only a comparatively small depth of hardness can be achieved with a surface-side hardening and a large risk of chipping consists. It is therefore only possible to achieve a comparatively short service life.
Hiervon ausgehend ist es daher die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, ein Verfahren und eine Maschine oben erwähnter Art mit einfachen und kostengünstigen Mitteln so zu verbessern, dass nicht nur eine große Härte und Dicke des verschleißfesten Bereichs sondern auch ein zuverlässiger Halt sowie eine einfache Herstellbarkeit gewährleistet sind.Proceeding from this, it is therefore the object of the present invention to improve a method and a machine of the type mentioned above with simple and inexpensive means in such a way that not only a great hardness and thickness of the wear-resistant area but also a reliable hold and simple manufacture are ensured .
Diese Aufgabe wird in Verbindung mit dem gattungsgemäßen Verfahren dadurch gelöst, dass auf das aus Stahl bestehende Grundmaterial zur Bildung einer gegenüber Stahl härteren Zwischenschicht und einer noch härteren Außenschicht nacheinander mehrere, einander überdeckende Lagen aus einer Aluminiumbronze aufgeschmolzen werden, und in Verbindung mit der gattungsgemäßen Maschine dadurch gelöst, dass zur Bildung der verschleißfesten Oberfläche ein Schutzbelag vorgesehen ist, der aus mehreren, vorzugsweise zwei einander überdeckenden, auf das aus Stahl bestehende Grundmaterial aufgeschmolzenen Lagen aus Aluminium -Bronze besteht.This object is achieved in connection with the generic method in that several overlapping layers of aluminum bronze are melted successively onto the base material consisting of steel to form an intermediate layer harder than steel and an even harder outer layer, and in connection with the generic machine solved in that a protective covering is provided to form the wear-resistant surface, which consists of several, preferably two overlapping layers of aluminum bronze melted onto the base material consisting of steel.
Die vorzugsweise durch Schweißen aufgeschmolzene Aluminium- Bronze erweist sich in überraschender Weise in der äußeren Lage als härter als in der inneren Lage. Bei Versuchen mit zwei aufeinander aufgeschweißten Lagen wurde in der inneren Lage eine Härte von 300 - 400 HV und in der äußeren Lage eine dem gegenüber wesentlich größere Härte von 500 - 600 HV erreicht. Es ergeben sich daher in vorteilhafter Weise automatisch eine vergleichsweise harte Außenschicht und eine dem gegenüber weichere, aber gegen Stahl immer noch härtere Zwischenschicht zum aus Stahl bestehenden Grundmaterial, das eine Härte von 100 - 200 HV aufweist. Hierdurch ist sichergestellt, dass die Härtedifferenz zwischen Grundmaterial und verschleißfester Außenschicht nicht in einer Stufe überwunden wird, sondern in mehreren Stufen. Dies gewährlweistet in vorteilhafter Weise eine gute Übertragung von an der Oberfläche wirksamen, oberflächenparallelen Schubkräften und oberflächennormalen Querkräften auf das Grundmaterial, womit in vorteilhafter Weise eine hohe Abplatzsicherheit erreicht wird, so dass die durch die große Härte der Außenschicht gewährleistete, lange Lebensdauer voll zum Tragen kommen kann. Die erfindungsgemäßen Maßnahmen gewährleisten daher in vorteilhafter Weise eine hohe Gesamt^virtsc tlichkeit.The aluminum bronze, which is preferably melted by welding, surprisingly proves to be harder in the outer layer than in the inner layer. In tests with two layers welded onto one another, a hardness of 300-400 HV was achieved in the inner layer and a hardness of 500-600 HV, which was considerably greater than that, in the outer layer. It Therefore, a comparatively hard outer layer and an intermediate layer that is softer, but still harder against steel, automatically result in an advantageous manner from the base material consisting of steel, which has a hardness of 100-200 HV. This ensures that the difference in hardness between the base material and the wear-resistant outer layer is not overcome in one step, but in several steps. This advantageously ensures good transmission of shear forces and shear forces normal to the surface and transverse shear forces normal to the surface to the base material, which advantageously achieves high safety against chipping, so that the long service life guaranteed by the great hardness of the outer layer comes into full effect can. The measures according to the invention therefore advantageously ensure a high level of overall viability.
Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und zweckmäßige Fortbildungen der übergeordneten Maßnahmen sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben. So erweist es sich als besonders zweckmäßig, wenn das jeweils aufnehmende Material vor dem Aufschmelzen einer Lage aus Aluminium- Bronze vorzugsweise im Ofen vorgewärmt wird. Durch die Vorwärmung können die Härtewerte der unteren bzw. oberen Lagen angehoben werden. Es ergibt sich daher eine einfache Möglichkeit zur individuellen Anpassung der gewünschten Härtegrade an die Verhältnisse des Einzelfalls. Als besonders zu bevorzugen hat sich eine Vorwärmtermperatur von 350° C erwiesen. Hierbei lassen sich optimale Härtewerte ohne Veränderung des Gefüges des Grundmaterials erreichen.Advantageous refinements and appropriate further training of the higher-level measures are specified in the subclaims. It proves to be particularly expedient if the respective receiving material is preferably preheated in the furnace before melting a layer of aluminum-bronze. The hardness values of the lower and upper layers can be increased by preheating. There is therefore a simple possibility for individually adapting the desired degrees of hardness to the circumstances of the individual case. A preheating temperature of 350 ° C has proven to be particularly preferred. Here, optimal hardness values can be achieved without changing the structure of the base material.
Eine weitere Möglichkeit zur Anpassung der erzielbaren Härtegrade an die Verhältnisse des Einzelfalls besteht in vorteilhafter Weise in einer Variation der Zusammensetzung der zur Verwendung kommenden Aluminium-Bronze. Sofern eine besonders große Härte erzielt werden soll, kann zweckmäßig eine Aluminium-Bronze mit 13% - 16% AI, 4% - 5% Fe, 0,2% - 0,8% Si, 1% - 2% Mn, höchstens 0,2% C und Rest Cu Verwendung finden. Eine geringere Härte läßt sich durch Verwendung einer Aluminium-Bronze mit 8% - 11% AI, 4% - 6% Ni, 3% - 5% Fe, 1% - 2% Mn und Rest Cu erreichen. Auf diese Weise lassen sich die Härte der äußeren Lage und/ oder der unteren Lage den Bedürfnissen des Einzelfalls anpassen.Another possibility for adapting the achievable degrees of hardness to the circumstances of the individual case is advantageously to vary the composition of the aluminum bronze used. If a particularly high hardness is to be achieved, it is advisable to use aluminum bronze with 13% - 16% Al, 4% - 5% Fe, 0.2% - 0.8% Si, 1% - 2% Mn, at most 0 , 2% C and rest Cu are used. A lower hardness can be achieved by using an aluminum bronze with 8% - 11% Al, 4% - 6% Ni, 3% - 5% Fe, 1% - 2% Mn and the rest Cu. In this way, the hardness of the outer layer and / or the lower layer can be adapted to the needs of the individual case.
In den meisten Fällen erweist es sich als zweckmäßig, wenn sämtliche, den Schutzbelag bildenden Lagen aus derselben Aluminium-Bronze bestehen. Dies erleichtert die Herstellung und ergibt eine besonders homogene Verbindung zwischen den aufeinander folgenden Lagen.In most cases, it proves to be expedient if all the layers forming the protective covering are made of the same aluminum bronze. This simplifies production and results in a particularly homogeneous connection between the successive layers.
Eine weitere vorteilhafte Maßnahme kann darin bestehen, dass auf die äußere, aus Aluminium-Bronze bestehende, verschleißfeste Lage zur Erzielung guter Einlaufeigenschaften eine schnell verschleißende Beschichtung, beispielsweise aus M0S2 aufgebracht wird. Diese Einlaufschicht, die während der Einlaufphase von selbst verschwindet, stellt sicher, dass die durch die äußere, aus Aluminium- Bronze bestehende Lage gebildete, harte Tragschicht erst nach einer gewissen Einlaufzeit freigelegt ist und zum Tragen kommt, was sich vorteilhaft auf die Erzielung einer langen Lebensdauer auswirkt.A further advantageous measure can consist in that a quickly wearing coating, for example made of M0S2, is applied to the outer, wear-resistant layer made of aluminum-bronze in order to achieve good running-in properties. This running-in layer, which during the Run-in phase disappears by itself, ensures that the hard base layer formed by the outer layer made of aluminum-bronze is only exposed and comes into play after a certain run-in period, which has an advantageous effect on achieving a long service life.
Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und zweckmäßige Fortbildungen der übergeordneten Maßnahmen sind in den restlichen Unteransprüchen angegeben und aus der nachstehend beschriebenen Beispielsbeschreibung anhand der Zeichnung näher entnehmbar.Further advantageous refinements and expedient further developments of the superordinate measures are specified in the remaining subclaims and can be found in more detail from the example description described below with reference to the drawing.
In der nachstehend beschriebenen Zeichnung zeigen:In the drawing described below:
Figur 1 eine Teilansicht einer &euzkopfführung eines Zweitakt-Großdieselmotors undFigure 1 is a partial view of a & euzkopfguidance of a large two-stroke diesel engine and
Figur 2 eine vergrößerte Darstellung eines mit einem Schutzbelag versehenen Ausschnitts der Anordnung gemäß Figur 1.FIG. 2 shows an enlarged illustration of a section of the arrangement according to FIG. 1 provided with a protective covering.
Die vorliegende Erfindung kann überall dort zur Anwendung kommen, wo ein aus Stahl bestehendes Bauteil an der Oberfläche einen Schutzbelag mit einer über die Härte von Stahl, die bei 100 - 200 HV liegt, hinausgehenden Härte benötigt. Dies ist beispielsweise bei verschiedenen, hoch beanspruchte Laufflächen aufweisenden Bauteilen von Motoren, wie Kolbenringen, Kreuzkopfführungen oder dergleichen, der Fall. Mit Hilfe des gegenüber dem Grundmaterial härteren Schutzbelags soll die Verschleißgeschwindigkeit verringert und damit die Lebensdauer erhöht werden. Es wird daher eine möglichst große Härte der beanspruchten Oberfläche sowie eine möglichst gute Verbindung mit dem Grundmaterial angestrebt.The present invention can be used wherever a component made of steel needs a protective coating on the surface with a hardness that goes beyond the hardness of steel, which is 100-200 HV. This is the case, for example, in the case of different, highly stressed tread components of engines, such as piston rings, crosshead guides or the like. With the help of compared to the base material harder protective covering, the wear rate should be reduced and thus the service life should be increased. The greatest possible hardness of the stressed surface and the best possible connection to the base material are therefore sought.
Der der Figur 1 zu Grunde liegende Ausschnitt aus dem Gestell eines Zweitakt- Grioßdieselmotors enthält zwei einen Kreukopf 1 flankierende Ständerwände 2. Der Kreuzkopf 1 besitzt seitliche Gleitschuhe 3, die an ihren Enden mit voneinander abgewandte Lagerflächen aufweisenden Führungsplatten 4 versehen sind. Diese laufen auf ständerseitig vorgesehenen, einander zugewandte Laufflächen aufweisenden Führungsschienen 5.The section on which the figure 1 is based, from the frame of a two-stroke large diesel engine, contains two stator walls 2 flanking a cross head 1. The cross head 1 has lateral sliding shoes 3, which are provided at their ends with guide plates 4 which face away from one another. These run on guide rails 5 provided on the stand side and facing one another with treads.
Die Führungsplatten 4 und Führungsschienen 5 bestehen aus normalem Stahl als Grundmaterial und sind im Bereich ihrer einander zugewandten Laufflächen mit einem Schutzbelag 6 versehen, der eine höhere Härte als Stahl aufweist und daher eine lange Standzeit bewährleistet. Ein derartiger Schutzbelag kann selbstverständlich auch bei anderen, ähnlichen Belastungen ausgesetzen Bauteilen aus Stahl, wie Lagerbüchsen, Kolbenringen etc., vorgesehen sein.The guide plates 4 and guide rails 5 consist of normal steel as the base material and are provided in the area of their mutually facing running surfaces with a protective covering 6 which has a higher hardness than steel and therefore has a long service life. Such a protective covering can of course also be provided in the case of other components made of steel, such as bearing bushes, piston rings, etc., which are exposed to similar loads.
Der Schutzbelag 6 besteht aus Aluminium- Bronze und wird, wie am besten aus Figur 2 erkennbar ist, durch zwei auf das aus Stahl bestehende Grundmaterial 7 nacheinander zweckmäßig durch Schweißen aufgeschmolzene, einander überdeckende Lagen 8, 9 hergestellt. Die Härte von Stahl liegt in der Regel bei 100 - 200 HV. Die Härte von Aluminium-Bronze liegt in der Regel in der Größenordnung von 200 HV. Die auf das aus Stahl bestehende Grundmaterial 7 zuerst aufgeschweißte, untere Lage 8 besitzt in überraschender Weise bereits eine Härte von etwa 300 - 400 HV. In der zweiten, äußeren Lage 9 ergibt sich in überraschender Weise eine noch viel größere Härte von etwa 500 - 600 HV. Die äußere Lage 9 eignet sich daher besonders gut als verschleißfeste Tragschicht, die auch bei robusten Betriebsverhältnissen eine lange Lebensdauer gewährleistet.The protective covering 6 is made of aluminum-bronze and, as can best be seen from FIG. 2, is produced by two layers 8, 9, which are expediently melted onto the base material 7, successively melted onto one another by welding. The hardness of steel is usually 100 - 200 HV. The hardness of aluminum bronze is usually of the order of 200 HV. The lower layer 8 first welded onto the base material 7 made of steel surprisingly already has a hardness of approximately 300-400 HV. The second, outer layer 9 surprisingly results in an even greater hardness of approximately 500-600 HV. The outer layer 9 is therefore particularly suitable as a wear-resistant base layer, which guarantees a long service life even under robust operating conditions.
Vielfach kann es zweckmäßig sein, wenn die sehr harte Tragschicht erst nach einer bestimmten Einlaufphase zum Tragen kommt. In diesen Fällen kann auf die äußere Lage 9 eine aus einem vergleichsweise schnell verschleißenden Material, beispielsweise M0S2, bestehende Einlaufschicht 10 aufgebracht sein, die während der Einlaufphase von selbst verschwindet, so dass anschließend die äußere, aus Aluminium- Bronze bestehende, eine große Härte aufweisende Lage 9 zum Tragen kommt, wie in Figur 2 rechts angedeutet ist.In many cases it can be useful if the very hard base layer only comes into play after a certain running-in phase. In these cases, an inlay layer 10 made of a comparatively fast-wearing material, for example M0S2, can be applied to the outer layer 9, which disappears automatically during the infeed phase, so that the outer layer, which consists of aluminum-bronze, then has a high hardness Layer 9 comes into play, as indicated in Figure 2 on the right.
Die untere, eine kleinere Härte aufweisende Lage 8 dient praktisch als mittelharte Bindeschicht zwischen der sehr harten, äußeren Lage 9 und dem dem gegenüber vergleichsweise weichen Grundmaterial 7. Hierdurch ergibt sich eine stufenförmige Angleichung der Härte zwischen der äußeren Lage 9 und dem Grundmaterial 7. Gleichzeitig besitzt die innere Lage 8 in Folge ihrer kleineren Härte eine höhere Zähigkeit und Schlagfestigkeit, so dass durch die Pfeile 11, 12 angedeutete, oberflachenparallele Schubkräfte und oberflächennormale Querkräfte gut aufgefangen und auf das Grundmaterial 7 übertragen werden können. Im dargestellten Beispiel ist die Dicke der aufeinander aufgeschweißten Lagen 8, 9 gleich. Diese Dicke kann etwa 1,5 mm betragen. Andere Dicken bzw. unterschiedliche Dicken zwischen der Lagen 8, 9 sind selbstverständlich möglich. Ebenso wäre es auch denkbar, mehr als zwei Lagen aufeinander aufzuschweißen, wenngleich sich die dem dargestellten Beispiel zu Grunde liegende Ausführung mit zwei aufeinander aufgeschweißten Lagen 8, 9 als besonders zu bevorzugen erwiesen hat.The lower layer 8, which has a lower hardness, serves practically as a medium-hard bonding layer between the very hard, outer layer 9 and the comparatively soft base material 7. This results in a gradual adjustment of the hardness between the outer layer 9 and the base material 7. At the same time As a result of its lower hardness, the inner layer 8 has a higher toughness and impact resistance, so that the surface parallel as indicated by the arrows 11, 12 Shear forces and surface-normal transverse forces can be absorbed well and transferred to the base material 7. In the example shown, the thickness of the layers 8, 9 welded onto one another is the same. This thickness can be approximately 1.5 mm. Other thicknesses or different thicknesses between the layers 8, 9 are of course possible. It would also be conceivable to weld more than two layers onto one another, although the embodiment on which the example shown is based, with two layers 8, 9 welded onto one another, has proven to be particularly preferred.
Bei der Herstellung der Lagen 8, 9 findet zweckmäßig eine Aluminium-Bronze Verwendung, die 8% - 25% AI, wenigstens eine der Komponenten Sb, Co, Be, Cr, Sn, Mn, Si, Cd, Zn, Fe, Ni, Pb und C mit jeweils 0,2% -10% und Rest Cu enthält. Sofern besonders hohe Härtewerte der einen und/ oder anderen Lage 8, 9 erwünscht sind, kann zweckmäßig eine Aluminium-Bronze Verwendung finden, die 13% - 16% AI, 4% - 5% Fe, 0,2% - 0,8% Si, 1% - 2% Mn, höchstens 0,2% C und Rest Cu enthält. Sofern eine etwas kleinere Härte der einen und/oder anderen Lage 8, 9 erwünscht ist, kann eine Aluminium- Bronze mit 8% - 11% AI, 4% - 6% Ni, 3% - 5% fe, 1% - 2% Mn und Rest Cu Verwendung finden. Je nach Einzelfall kann die eine oder andere Alumium- Bronze für die eine oder andere Lage 8, 9 Verwendung finden. In der Regel ist es jedoch zweckmäßig für beide Lagen 8, 9 dieselbe Aluminium-Bronze zu verwenden. Die Lagen 8, 9 können, wie oben schon erwähnt wurde, durch einen Schweißvorgang aufgebracht werden. Dabei können ein elektrischer Lichtbogen oder Laserstrahlen oder Flammen Verwendung finden.In the production of the layers 8, 9, an aluminum-bronze is expediently used which contains 8% -25% Al, at least one of the components Sb, Co, Be, Cr, Sn, Mn, Si, Cd, Zn, Fe, Ni, Pb and C each contain 0.2% -10% and the rest Cu. If particularly high hardness values of one and / or the other layer 8, 9 are desired, an aluminum-bronze can advantageously be used which contains 13% - 16% Al, 4% - 5% Fe, 0.2% - 0.8% Si, 1% - 2% Mn, at most 0.2% C and balance Cu. If a somewhat lower hardness of one and / or the other layer 8, 9 is desired, an aluminum bronze with 8% - 11% Al, 4% - 6% Ni, 3% - 5% fe, 1% - 2% Mn and rest Cu are used. Depending on the individual case, one or the other aluminum bronze can be used for one or the other layer 8, 9. As a rule, however, it is advisable to use the same aluminum bronze for both layers 8, 9. The layers 8, 9 can, as already mentioned above, be applied by a welding process. An electric arc or laser beams or flames can be used.
Zur Steigerung der erzielbaren Härte kann das aufnehmende Werkstück vor dem jeweiligen Aufbringen einer Aluminiumlage, d.h. das Grundmaterial 7 vor dem Aufbringen der unteren Lage 8 und das so beschichtete Zwischenprodukt vor dem Aufbringen der zweiten Lage 9, vorgewärmt werden. Die Vorwärmung erfolgt zweckmäßig in einem Ofen, wobei eine Vorwärmtemperatur von etwa 350° C als besonders zweckmäßig ermittelt wurde. In order to increase the hardness that can be achieved, the receiving workpiece can be the base material 7 before the application of the lower layer 8 and the intermediate product coated in this way before the application of the second layer 9 are preheated. The preheating is expediently carried out in an oven, a preheating temperature of approximately 350 ° C. being found to be particularly expedient.

Claims

Ansprüche Expectations
1. Verfahren zur Erzeugung einer verschleißfesten Oberfläche bei aus Stahl bestehenden Bauteilen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass auf das aus Stahl bestehende Grundmaterial (7) zur Bildung eines Schutzbelags (6) mit einer gegenüber Stahl härteren Zwischenschicht einer noch härteren Außenschicht nacheinander mehrere, einander überdeckende Lagen (8,9) aus Aluminium-Bronze aufgeschmolzen werden.1. A method for producing a wear-resistant surface in the case of components made of steel, characterized in that on the base material (7) consisting of steel to form a protective covering (6) with an intermediate layer which is harder than steel and an even harder outer layer, successively several overlapping layers (8,9) are melted from aluminum bronze.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwei Lagen (8,9) aus Aluminium-Bronze aufgeschmolzen werden.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that two layers (8,9) of aluminum bronze are melted.
3. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die den Schutzbelag (6) bildenden Lagen (8,9) aufgeschweißt werden.3. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the layers (8,9) forming the protective covering (6) are welded on.
4. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das jeweils aufnehmende Material vor dem Aufbringen jeweils einer Lage (8 bzw. 9) des Schutzbelags (6) vorzugsweise im Ofen vorgewärmt wird.4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the respective receiving material is preferably preheated in the oven before the application of one layer (8 or 9) of the protective covering (6).
5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Vorwärmung auf etwa 350° C erfolgt. 5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that a preheating to about 350 ° C takes place.
6. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die den Schutzbelag (6) bildenden Lagen (8,9) dieselbe Zusamensetzung aufweisen.6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the layers (8,9) forming the protective covering (6) have the same composition.
7. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die den Schutzbelag (6) bildenden Lagen (8,9) aus einer Aluminium-Bronze mit 8% - 25% AI, wenigstens einer der Komponenten Sb, Co, Be, Cr, Sn, Mn, Si, Cd, Zn, Fe, Ni, Pb und C mit jeweils 0,2% - 10% und Rest Cu bestehen.7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the layers (8,9) forming the protective covering (6) from an aluminum bronze with 8% - 25% Al, at least one of the components Sb, Co, Be, Cr , Sn, Mn, Si, Cd, Zn, Fe, Ni, Pb and C each with 0.2% - 10% and the rest Cu.
8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zumindest eine Lage (8,9) des Schutzbelags (6) aus einer Aluminium-Bronze mit 13% - 16% AI, 4% - 5% Fe, 0,2% - 0,8% Si, 1% - 2% Mn, weniger 0,2% C und Rest Cu besteht.8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that at least one layer (8,9) of the protective covering (6) made of an aluminum bronze with 13% - 16% Al, 4% - 5% Fe, 0.2% - 0 , 8% Si, 1% - 2% Mn, less than 0.2% C and the rest Cu.
9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6 oder 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zumindest eine Lage (8,9) des Schutzbelags (6) aus einer Aluminium-Bronze mit 8% - 11% AI, 4% - 6% Ni, 3% - 5% Fe, 1% - 2% Mn und Rest Cu besteht.9. The method according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that at least one layer (8,9) of the protective covering (6) made of an aluminum bronze with 8% - 11% Al, 4% - 6% Ni, 3% - 5 % Fe, 1% - 2% Mn and rest Cu.
10. Maschine mit wenigstens einem aus Stahl bestehenden Bauteil, das zumindest teilweise mit einer verschleißfesten Oberfläche versehen ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zur Bildung der verschleißfesten Oberfläche ein Schutzbelag (6) vorgesehen ist, der aus mehreren, vorzugsweise zwei, einander überdeckenden, auf das aus Stahl bestehende Grundmaterial (6) aufgeschmolzenen Lagen (8,9) aus Aluminium-Bronze besteht. 10. Machine with at least one component made of steel, which is at least partially provided with a wear-resistant surface, characterized in that a protective covering (6) is provided to form the wear-resistant surface, which consists of several, preferably two, overlapping, on the base material (6) made of steel and melted layers (8,9) made of aluminum-bronze.
11. Maschine nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die11. Machine according to claim 10, characterized in that the
Härte der grundmaterialnahen Lage (8) 300 - 400 HV und die Härte der oberflächenseitigen Lage (9) 500 - 600 HV beträgt.The hardness of the layer (8) close to the base material is 300-400 HV and the hardness of the layer (9) on the surface is 500-600 HV.
12. Maschine nach Anspruch 10 oder 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im Neuzustand auf die äußere, aus Aluminium-Bronze bestehende Lage (9) eine aus einem schnell verschleißenden Material bestehende Einlaufbeschichtung ( 10) aufgebracht ist. 12. Machine according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that in the new state on the outer, consisting of aluminum-bronze layer (9) is made of a rapidly wearing material running coating (10) is applied.
EP00910670A 1999-02-25 2000-02-11 Method for producing a wear-resistant surface on components consisting of steel and machine with at least one component of this type Expired - Lifetime EP1157142B1 (en)

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DE19908107 1999-02-25
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