DE19908107A1 - Method for producing a wear-resistant surface in the case of components made of steel and machine with at least one such component - Google Patents
Method for producing a wear-resistant surface in the case of components made of steel and machine with at least one such componentInfo
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- DE19908107A1 DE19908107A1 DE19908107A DE19908107A DE19908107A1 DE 19908107 A1 DE19908107 A1 DE 19908107A1 DE 19908107 A DE19908107 A DE 19908107A DE 19908107 A DE19908107 A DE 19908107A DE 19908107 A1 DE19908107 A1 DE 19908107A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
- C23C4/06—Metallic material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C30/00—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C26/00—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00
- C23C26/02—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00 applying molten material to the substrate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/02—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material
- C23C28/021—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material including at least one metal alloy layer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/02—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material
- C23C28/023—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material only coatings of metal elements only
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/02—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material
- C23C28/028—Including graded layers in composition or in physical properties, e.g. density, porosity, grain size
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F7/00—Casings, e.g. crankcases or frames
- F02F2007/0097—Casings, e.g. crankcases or frames for large diesel engines
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
- Reduction Rolling/Reduction Stand/Operation Of Reduction Machine (AREA)
- Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
- Arc Welding In General (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft gemäß einem ersten Erfindungsgedanken ein Verfahren zur Erzeugung einer verschleißfesten Oberfläche bei aus Stahl bestehenden Bauteilen und geht gemäß einem weiteren Erfindungsgedanken auf eine Maschine mit wenigstens einem aus Stahl bestehenden Bauteil, das zumindest teilweise mit einer verschleißfesten Oberfläche versehen ist.The invention relates to a first inventive concept a method of creating a wear-resistant surface components made of steel and goes according to another Inventive ideas on a machine with at least one Steel existing component, at least partially with a wear-resistant surface is provided.
Es ist bekannt, aus Stahl bestehende Bauteile zur Bildung einer harten Oberfläche oberflächenseitig zu härten. Dies erfordert jedoch eine aufwendige Wärmebehandlung, die viel Erfahrung verlangt. Außerdem reichen die dabei erzielbaren Härtegrade vielfach nicht aus. Ein weiterer Nachteil ist darin zu sehen, dass bei einer oberflächenseitigen Härtung nur eine vergleichsweise geringe Härtetiefe erzielbar ist und eine große Abplatzgefahr besteht. Es lassen sich daher nur vergleichsweise geringe Standzeiten erreichen.It is known to use steel components to form a hard surface to harden. This requires however an elaborate heat treatment that requires a lot of experience demands. In addition, the degrees of hardness that can be achieved are sufficient often not enough. Another disadvantage is that in the case of surface hardening, only a comparative one low hardness depth can be achieved and a large risk of chipping consists. It can therefore only be comparatively small Reach downtimes.
Hiervon ausgehend ist es daher die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, ein Verfahren und eine Maschine oben erwähnter Art mit einfachen und kostengünstigen Mitteln so zu verbessern, dass nicht nur eine große Härte und Dicke des verschleißfesten Bereichs sondern auch ein zuverlässiger Halt sowie eine einfache Herstellbarkeit gewährleistet sind.Based on this, it is therefore the task of the present one Invention, a method and a machine of the type mentioned above with simple and inexpensive means so that not just a great hardness and thickness of wear-resistant Range but also a reliable hold as well as a simple one Manufacturability are guaranteed.
Diese Aufgabe wird in Verbindung mit dem gattungsgemäßen Verfahren dadurch gelöst, dass auf das aus Stahl bestehende Grundmaterial zur Bildung einer gegenüber Stahl härteren Zwischenschicht und einer noch härteren Außenschicht nacheinander mehrere, einander überdeckende Lagen aus einer Aluminiumbronze aufgeschmolzen werden, und in Verbindung mit der gattungsgemäßen Maschine dadurch gelöst, dass zur Bildung der verschleißfesten Oberfläche ein Schutzbelag vorgesehen ist, der aus mehreren, vorzugsweise zwei einander überdeckenden, auf das aus Stahl bestehende Grundmaterial aufgeschmolzenen Lagen aus Aluminium-Bronze besteht.This task is in connection with the generic Process solved in that the existing steel Base material to form a harder compared to steel Intermediate layer and an even harder outer layer successively several, overlapping layers from one Aluminum bronze are melted, and in connection with the generic machine solved in that for formation a protective covering is provided on the wear-resistant surface, of several, preferably two overlapping, melted onto the base material made of steel Layers made of aluminum bronze.
Die vorzugsweise durch Schweißen aufgeschmolzene Aluminium- Bronze erweist sich in überraschender Weise in der äußeren Lage als härter als in der inneren Lage. Bei Versuchen mit zwei aufeinander aufgeschweißten Lagen wurde in der inneren Lage eine Härte von 300-400 HV und in der äußeren Lage eine dem gegenüber wesentlich größere Härte von 500-600 HV erreicht. Es ergeben sich daher in vorteilhafter Weise automatisch eine vergleichsweise harte Außenschicht und eine dem gegenüber weichere, aber gegen Stahl immer noch härtere Zwischenschicht zum aus Stahl bestehenden Grundmaterial, das eine Härte von 100-200 HV aufweist. Hierdurch ist sichergestellt, dass die Härtedifferenz zwischen Grundmaterial und verschleißfester Außenschicht nicht in einer Stufe überwunden wird, sondern in mehreren Stufen. Dies gewährleistet in vorteilhafter Weise eine gute Übertragung von an der Oberfläche wirksamen, oberflächenparallelen Schubkräften und oberflächennormalen Querkräften auf das Grundmaterial, womit in vorteilhafter Weise eine hohe Abplatzsicherheit erreicht wird, so dass die durch die große Härte der Außenschicht gewährleistete, lange Lebensdauer voll zum Tragen kommen kann. Die erfindungsgemäßen Maßnahmen gewährleisten daher in vorteilhafter Weise eine hohe Gesamtwirtschaftlichkeit.The aluminum, preferably melted by welding Bronze surprisingly proves itself in the outer layer than harder than in the inner layer. When trying with two layers welded onto each other was in the inner layer a hardness of 300-400 HV and in the outer layer a achieved much greater hardness of 500-600 HV. It therefore automatically result in an advantageous comparatively hard outer layer and one opposite softer, but still harder intermediate layer against steel to the steel base material, which has a hardness of 100-200 HV. This ensures that the Hardness difference between base material and more wear-resistant Outer layer is not overcome in one step, but in several levels. This ensures an advantageous good transmission of effective, shear forces parallel to the surface and normal to the surface Shear forces on the base material, which is advantageous a high safety against chipping is achieved, so that the through the Great hardness of the outer layer ensures a long service life can be fully effective. The invention Measures therefore ensure a high level Overall economy.
Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und zweckmäßige Fortbildungen der übergeordneten Maßnahmen sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben. So erweist es sich als besonders zweckmäßig, wenn das jeweils aufnehmende Material vor dem Aufschmelzen einer Lage aus Aluminium-Bronze vorzugsweise im Ofen vorgewärmt wird. Durch die Vorwärmung können die Härtewerte der unteren bzw. oberen Lagen angehoben werden. Es ergibt sich daher eine einfache Möglichkeit zur individuellen Anpassung der gewünschten Härtegrade an die Verhältnisse des Einzelfalls. Advantageous refinements and practical training of overriding measures are in the subclaims specified. So it turns out to be particularly useful if the respective receiving material before melting one Aluminum bronze layer, preferably preheated in the oven becomes. By preheating the hardness values of the lower ones or upper layers. There is therefore one easy way to customize the desired degrees of hardness to the circumstances of the individual case.
Als besonders zu bevorzugen hat sich eine Vorwärmtemperatur von 350°C erwiesen. Hierbei lassen sich optimale Härtewerte ohne Veränderung des Gefüges des Grundmaterials erreichen.A preheating temperature has to be particularly preferred proven of 350 ° C. This allows optimal hardness values without changing the structure of the base material.
Eine weitere Möglichkeit zur Anpassung der erzielbaren Härtegrade an die Verhältnisse des Einzelfalls besteht in vorteilhafter Weise in einer Variation der Zusammensetzung der zur Verwendung kommenden Aluminium-Bronze. Sofern eine besonders große Härte erzielt werden soll, kann zweckmäßig eine Aluminium-Bronze mit 13%-16% Al, 4%-5% Fe, 0,2%-0,8% Si, 1%-2% Mn, höchstens 0,2% C und Rest Cu Verwendung finden. Eine geringere Härte läßt sich durch Verwendung einer Aluminium-Bronze mit 8%-11% Al, 4%-6% Ni, 3%-5% Fe, 1%-2% Mn und Rest Cu erreichen. Auf diese Weise lassen sich die Härte der äußeren Lage und/oder der unteren Lage den Bedürfnissen des Einzelfalls anpassen.Another way to adjust the achievable Degree of hardness to the circumstances of the individual case exists in advantageously in a variation of the composition of the coming aluminum bronze. If one a particularly high hardness can be achieved Aluminum bronze with 13% -16% Al, 4% -5% Fe, 0.2% -0.8% Si, 1% -2% Mn, at most 0.2% C and the rest Cu are used. A lower hardness can be achieved by using a Aluminum bronze with 8% -11% Al, 4% -6% Ni, 3% -5% Fe, Reach 1% -2% Mn and rest Cu. In this way, the Hardness of the outer layer and / or the lower layer Adapt the needs of the individual case.
In den meisten Fällen erweist es sich als zweckmäßig, wenn sämtliche, den Schutzbelag bildenden Lagen aus derselben Aluminium-Bronze bestehen. Dies erleichtert die Herstellung und ergibt eine besonders homogene Verbindung zwischen den aufeinander folgenden Lagen.In most cases it is useful if all layers forming the protective covering from the same Made of aluminum bronze. This facilitates manufacturing and results in a particularly homogeneous connection between the successive layers.
Eine weitere vorteilhafte Maßnahme kann darin bestehen, dass auf die äußere, aus Aluminium-Bronze bestehende, verschleißfeste Lage zur Erzielung guter Einlaufeigenschaften eine schnell verschleißende Beschichtung, beispielsweise aus MoS2 aufgebracht wird. Diese Einlaufschicht, die während der Einlaufphase von selbst verschwindet, stellt sicher, dass die durch die äußere, aus Aluminium-Bronze bestehende Lage gebildete, harte Tragschicht erst nach einer gewissen Einlaufzeit freigelegt ist und zum Tragen kommt, was sich vorteilhaft auf die Erzielung einer langen Lebensdauer auswirkt.A further advantageous measure can consist in that a quickly wearing coating, for example made of MoS 2 , is applied to the outer, wear-resistant layer consisting of aluminum-bronze in order to achieve good running-in properties. This running-in layer, which disappears by itself during the running-in phase, ensures that the hard base layer formed by the outer layer made of aluminum-bronze is only exposed and comes into play after a certain running-in period, which is advantageous for achieving a long time Lifetime affects.
Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und zweckmäßige Fortbildungen der übergeordneten Maßnahmen sind in den restlichen Unteransprüchen angegeben und aus der nachstehend beschriebenen Beispielsbeschreibung anhand der Zeichnung näher entnehmbar.Further advantageous configurations and expedient Further training of the overarching measures are in the remaining subclaims and from the following Example description described with reference to the drawing removable.
In der nachstehend beschriebenen Zeichnung zeigen:In the drawing described below:
Fig. 1 eine Teilansicht einer Kreuzkopfführung eines Zweitakt-Großdieselmotors und Fig. 1 is a partial view of a crosshead guide of a two-stroke large diesel engine and
Fig. 2 eine vergrößerte Darstellung eines mit einem Schutzbelag versehenen Ausschnitts der Anordnung gemäß Fig. 1. FIG. 2 shows an enlarged illustration of a section of the arrangement according to FIG. 1 provided with a protective covering.
Die vorliegende Erfindung kann überall dort zur Anwendung kommen, wo ein aus Stahl bestehendes Bauteil an der Oberfläche einen Schutzbelag mit einer über die Härte von Stahl, die bei 100-200 HV liegt, hinausgehenden Härte benötigt. Dies ist beispielsweise bei verschiedenen, hoch beanspruchte Laufflächen aufweisenden Bauteilen von Motoren, wie Kolbenringen, Kreuzkopfführungen oder dergleichen, der Fall. Mit Hilfe des gegenüber dem Grundmaterial härteren Schutzbelags soll die Verschleißgeschwindigkeit verringert und damit die Lebensdauer erhöht werden. Es wird daher eine möglichst große Härte der beanspruchten Oberfläche sowie eine möglichst gute Verbindung mit dem Grundmaterial angestrebt.The present invention can be used anywhere come where a steel component on the surface a protective covering with a hardness of steel that is 100-200 HV, additional hardness is required. This is for example with different, highly stressed treads components of engines, such as piston rings, Crosshead guides or the like, the case. With the help of compared to the base material harder protective covering Reduced wear rate and thus the service life increase. It is therefore as hard as possible stressed surface and the best possible connection aimed at with the basic material.
Der der Fig. 1 zu Grunde liegende Ausschnitt aus dem Gestell eines Zweitakt-Großdieselmotors enthält zwei einen Kreukopf 1 flankierende Ständerwände 2. Der Kreuzkopf 1 besitzt seitliche Gleitschuhe 3, die an ihren Enden mit voneinander abgewandte Lagerflächen aufweisenden Führungsplatten 4 versehen sind. Diese laufen auf ständerseitig vorgesehenen, einander zugewandte Laufflächen aufweisenden Führungsschienen 5.The section of the frame of a two-stroke large diesel engine on which FIG. 1 is based contains two stator walls 2 flanking a crosshead 1 . The crosshead 1 has lateral sliding shoes 3 , which are provided at their ends with mutually facing bearing plates 4 guide plates. These run on guide rails 5 provided on the stand side and facing one another with treads.
Die Führungsplatten 4 und Führungsschienen 5 bestehen aus normalem Stahl als Grundmaterial und sind im Bereich ihrer einander zugewandten Laufflächen mit einem Schutzbelag 6 versehen, der eine höhere Härte als Stahl aufweist und daher eine lange Standzeit bewährleistet. Ein derartiger Schutzbelag kann selbstverständlich auch bei anderen, ähnlichen Belastungen ausgesetzten Bauteilen aus Stahl, wie Lagerbüchsen, Kolbenringen etc., vorgesehen sein.The guide plates 4 and guide rails 5 consist of normal steel as the base material and are provided in the area of their mutually facing running surfaces with a protective covering 6 which has a higher hardness than steel and therefore has a long service life. Such a protective covering can of course also be provided in the case of other steel components such as bearing bushes, piston rings, etc. which are exposed to similar loads.
Der Schutzbelag 6 besteht aus Aluminium-Bronze und wird, wie am besten aus Fig. 2 erkennbar ist, durch zwei auf das aus Stahl bestehende Grundmaterial 7 nacheinander zweckmäßig durch Schweißen aufgeschmolzene, einander überdeckende Lagen 8, 9 hergestellt. Die Härte von Stahl liegt in der Regel bei 100-200 HV. Die Härte von Aluminium-Bronze liegt in der Regel in der Größenordnung von 200 HV. Die auf das aus Stahl bestehende Grundmaterial 7 zuerst aufgeschweißte, untere Lage 8 besitzt in überraschender Weise bereits eine Härte von etwa 300-400 HV. In der zweiten, äußeren Lage 9 ergibt sich in überraschender Weise eine noch viel größere Härte von etwa 500-600 HV. Die äußere Lage 9 eignet sich daher besonders gut als verschleißfeste Tragschicht, die auch bei robusten Betriebsverhältnissen eine lange Lebensdauer gewährleistet.The protective covering 6 is made of aluminum-bronze and, as can best be seen from FIG. 2, is produced by two layers 8 , 9, which are advantageously melted onto the base material 7, successively melted onto one another by welding. The hardness of steel is usually 100-200 HV. The hardness of aluminum bronze is usually of the order of 200 HV. The lower layer 8 first welded onto the steel base material 7 surprisingly already has a hardness of approximately 300-400 HV. The second, outer layer 9 surprisingly results in an even greater hardness of approximately 500-600 HV. The outer layer 9 is therefore particularly suitable as a wear-resistant base layer, which guarantees a long service life even under robust operating conditions.
Vielfach kann es zweckmäßig sein, wenn die sehr harte Tragschicht erst nach einer bestimmten Einlaufphase zum Tragen kommt. In diesen Fällen kann auf die äußere Lage 9 eine aus einem vergleichsweise schnell verschleißenden Material, beispielsweise MoS2, bestehende Einlaufschicht 10 aufgebracht sein, die während der Einlaufphase von selbst verschwindet, so dass anschließend die äußere, aus Aluminium-Bronze bestehende, eine große Härte aufweisende Lage 9 zum Tragen kommt, wie in Fig. 2 rechts angedeutet ist.In many cases it can be useful if the very hard base layer only comes into play after a certain running-in phase. In these cases, a running-in layer 10 made of a comparatively fast-wearing material, for example MoS 2 , can be applied to the outer layer 9 , which disappears by itself during the running-in phase, so that the outer, aluminum-bronze, subsequently becomes very hard having layer 9 comes into play, as indicated on the right in FIG. 2.
Die untere, eine kleinere Härte aufweisende Lage 8 dient praktisch als mittelharte Bindeschicht zwischen der sehr harten, äußeren Lage 9 und dem dem gegenüber vergleichsweise weichen Grundmaterial 7. Hierdurch ergibt sich eine stufenförmige Angleichung der Härte zwischen der äußeren Lage 9 und dem Grundmaterial 7. Gleichzeitig besitzt die innere Lage 8 in Folge ihrer kleineren Härte eine höhere Zähigkeit und Schlagfestigkeit, so dass durch die Pfeile 11, 12 angedeutete, oberflächenparallele Schubkräfte und oberflächennormale Querkräfte gut aufgefangen und auf das Grundmaterial 7 übertragen werden können. Im dargestellten Beispiel ist die Dicke der aufeinander aufgeschweißten. Lagen 8, 9 gleich. Diese Dicke kann etwa 1, 5 mm betragen. Andere Dicken bzw. unterschiedliche Dicken zwischen der Lagen 8, 9 sind selbstverständlich möglich. Ebenso wäre es auch denkbar, mehr als zwei Lagen aufeinander aufzuschweißen, wenngleich sich die dem dargestellten Beispiel zu Grunde liegende Ausführung mit zwei aufeinander aufgeschweißten Lagen 8, 9 als besonders zu bevorzugen erwiesen hat.The lower layer 8 , which has a lower hardness, serves practically as a medium-hard binding layer between the very hard, outer layer 9 and the base material 7, which is comparatively soft in comparison. This results in a step-like adjustment of the hardness between the outer layer 9 and the base material 7 . At the same time, the inner layer 8 has a higher toughness and impact resistance due to its smaller hardness, so that surface-parallel shear forces and surface-normal transverse forces indicated by the arrows 11 , 12 can be absorbed well and transferred to the base material 7 . In the example shown, the thickness is that welded onto one another. Layers 8 , 9 were the same. This thickness can be approximately 1.5 mm. Other thicknesses or different thicknesses between the layers 8 , 9 are of course possible. It would also be conceivable to weld more than two layers onto one another, although the embodiment on which the example shown is based, with two layers 8 , 9 welded onto one another, has proven to be particularly preferred.
Bei der Herstellung der Lagen 8, 9 findet zweckmäßig eine Aluminium-Bronze Verwendung, die 8%-25% Al, wenigstens eine der Komponenten Sb, Co, Be, Cr, Sn, Mn, Si, Cd, Zn, Fe, Ni, Pb und C mit jeweils 0,2%-10% und Rest Cu enthält. Sofern besonders hohe Härtewerte der einen und/oder anderen Lage 8, 9 erwünscht sind, kann zweckmäßig eine Aluminium-Bronze Verwendung finden, die 13%-16% Al, 4%-5% Fe, 0,2%-0, 8% Si, 1%-2% Mn, höchstens 0,2% C und Rest Cu enthält. Sofern eine etwas kleinere Härte der einen und/oder anderen Lage 8, 9 erwünscht ist, kann eine Aluminium-Bronze mit 8%-11% Al, 4%-6% Ni, 3%-5% Fe, 1%-2% Mn und Rest Cu Verwendung finden. Je nach Einzelfall kann die eine oder andere Aluminium- Bronze für die eine oder andere Lage 8, 9 Verwendung finden. In der Regel ist es jedoch zweckmäßig für beide Lagen 8, 9 dieselbe Aluminium-Bronze zu verwenden. In the production of the layers 8 , 9 , an aluminum bronze is expediently used, which contains 8% -25% Al, at least one of the components Sb, Co, Be, Cr, Sn, Mn, Si, Cd, Zn, Fe, Ni, Pb and C each contain 0.2% -10% and the rest Cu. If particularly high hardness values of one and / or the other layer 8 , 9 are desired, an aluminum-bronze can advantageously be used which contains 13% -16% Al, 4% -5% Fe, 0.2% -0.8% Si, 1% -2% Mn, at most 0.2% C and balance Cu. If a somewhat lower hardness of one and / or the other layer 8 , 9 is desired, an aluminum bronze with 8% -11% Al, 4% -6% Ni, 3% -5% Fe, 1% -2% Mn and rest Cu are used. Depending on the individual case, one or the other aluminum bronze can be used for one or the other layer 8 , 9 . As a rule, however, it is advisable to use the same aluminum bronze for both layers 8 , 9 .
Die Lagen 8, 9 können, wie oben schon erwähnt wurde, durch einen Schweißvorgang aufgebracht werden. Dabei können ein elektrischer Lichtbogen oder Laserstrahlen oder Flammen Verwendung finden.The layers 8 , 9 can, as already mentioned above, be applied by a welding process. An electric arc or laser beams or flames can be used.
Zur Steigerung der erzielbaren Härte kann das aufnehmende Werkstück vor dem jeweiligen Aufbringen einer Aluminiumlage, d. h. das Grundmaterial 7 vor dem Aufbringen der unteren Lage 8 und das so beschichtete Zwischenprodukt vor dem Aufbringen der zweiten Lage 9, vorgewärmt werden. Die Vorwärmung erfolgt zweckmäßig in einem Ofen, wobei eine Vorwärmtemperatur von etwa 350°C als besonders zweckmäßig ermittelt wurde.To increase the hardness that can be achieved, the receiving workpiece can be preheated before the respective application of an aluminum layer, ie the base material 7 before the application of the lower layer 8 and the intermediate product coated in this way before the application of the second layer 9 . The preheating is expediently carried out in an oven, a preheating temperature of approximately 350 ° C. being found to be particularly expedient.
Claims (12)
Priority Applications (13)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE19908107A DE19908107C2 (en) | 1999-02-25 | 1999-02-25 | Method for producing a wear-resistant surface in the case of components made of steel and machine with at least one such component |
AT00910670T ATE223512T1 (en) | 1999-02-25 | 2000-02-11 | METHOD FOR PRODUCING A WEAR-RESISTANT SURFACE FOR COMPONENTS MADE OF STEEL AND MACHINE WITH AT LEAST ONE SUCH COMPONENT |
EP00910670A EP1157142B1 (en) | 1999-02-25 | 2000-02-11 | Method for producing a wear-resistant surface on components consisting of steel and machine with at least one component of this type |
AU32801/00A AU3280100A (en) | 1999-02-25 | 2000-02-11 | Method for producing a wear-resistant surface on components consisting of steel and machine with at least one component of this type |
DE50000452T DE50000452D1 (en) | 1999-02-25 | 2000-02-11 | METHOD FOR PRODUCING A WEAR-RESISTANT SURFACE IN STEEL COMPONENTS AND A MACHINE WITH AT LEAST ONE OF SUCH A COMPONENT |
ES00910670T ES2182792T3 (en) | 1999-02-25 | 2000-02-11 | PROCEDURE FOR OBTAINING A SURFACE RESISTANT TO WEAR IN COMPOSITE STEEL PARTS, AS WELL AS A MACHINE WITH AT LEAST ONE PIECE OF THIS CLASS. |
PCT/EP2000/001129 WO2000050660A1 (en) | 1999-02-25 | 2000-02-11 | Method for producing a wear-resistant surface on components consisting of steel and machine with at least one component of this type |
KR10-2001-7010796A KR100440426B1 (en) | 1999-02-25 | 2000-02-11 | Method for producing a wear-resistant surface on components consisting of steel and machine with at least one component of this type |
CNB008042608A CN1152975C (en) | 1999-02-25 | 2000-02-11 | Method for producing a wear-resistant surface on components consisting of steel and machine with at least one component of this type |
RU2001126055A RU2239000C2 (en) | 1999-02-25 | 2000-02-11 | Method of forming wear-resistant surface on steel parts and engine comprising at least one such part |
JP2000601221A JP3859970B2 (en) | 1999-02-25 | 2000-02-11 | Method for forming a wear-resistant surface on a steel member and apparatus comprising at least one such member |
PL349466A PL192821B1 (en) | 1999-02-25 | 2000-02-11 | Method for producing a wear-resistant surface on components consisting of steel and machine with at least one component of this type |
NO20013876A NO332021B1 (en) | 1999-02-25 | 2001-08-08 | Process for the manufacture of a wear-resistant surface of components consisting of steel, and machine with at least one component of this type |
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DE19908107A DE19908107C2 (en) | 1999-02-25 | 1999-02-25 | Method for producing a wear-resistant surface in the case of components made of steel and machine with at least one such component |
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DE19908107A1 true DE19908107A1 (en) | 2000-08-31 |
DE19908107C2 DE19908107C2 (en) | 2003-04-10 |
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DE19908107A Expired - Fee Related DE19908107C2 (en) | 1999-02-25 | 1999-02-25 | Method for producing a wear-resistant surface in the case of components made of steel and machine with at least one such component |
DE50000452T Expired - Lifetime DE50000452D1 (en) | 1999-02-25 | 2000-02-11 | METHOD FOR PRODUCING A WEAR-RESISTANT SURFACE IN STEEL COMPONENTS AND A MACHINE WITH AT LEAST ONE OF SUCH A COMPONENT |
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DE50000452T Expired - Lifetime DE50000452D1 (en) | 1999-02-25 | 2000-02-11 | METHOD FOR PRODUCING A WEAR-RESISTANT SURFACE IN STEEL COMPONENTS AND A MACHINE WITH AT LEAST ONE OF SUCH A COMPONENT |
Country Status (12)
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EP (1) | EP1157142B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP3859970B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR100440426B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1152975C (en) |
AT (1) | ATE223512T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU3280100A (en) |
DE (2) | DE19908107C2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2182792T3 (en) |
NO (1) | NO332021B1 (en) |
PL (1) | PL192821B1 (en) |
RU (1) | RU2239000C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2000050660A1 (en) |
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DE10136788A1 (en) * | 2001-07-27 | 2003-02-13 | Diehl Metall Stiftung & Co Kg | aluminum Bronze |
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WO2006058353A1 (en) * | 2004-12-02 | 2006-06-08 | Ceratizit Austria Gesellschaft M.B.H. | Machining tool |
WO2007131743A2 (en) * | 2006-05-17 | 2007-11-22 | Man Diesel, Filial Af Man Diesel Se, Tyksland | Wear protection device and method for the production thereof |
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EP2927335A1 (en) * | 2014-04-03 | 2015-10-07 | Otto Fuchs KG | Aluminium bronze alloy, method for manufacturing the same and product made of aluminium bronze |
US10316398B2 (en) | 2014-05-16 | 2019-06-11 | Otto Fuchs Kommanditgesellschaft | High-tensile brass alloy and alloy product |
US10570484B2 (en) | 2016-05-20 | 2020-02-25 | Otto Fuchs Kommanditgesellschaft | High tensile brass alloy and high tensile brass alloy product |
US11359263B2 (en) | 2016-05-20 | 2022-06-14 | Otto Fuchs Kommanditgesellschaft | Lead-free high tensile brass alloy and high tensile brass alloy product |
US11427890B2 (en) | 2014-02-04 | 2022-08-30 | Otto Fuchs Kommanditgesellschaft | Lubricant-compatible copper alloy |
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- 2000-02-11 AU AU32801/00A patent/AU3280100A/en not_active Abandoned
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DE10136788C2 (en) * | 2001-07-27 | 2003-06-05 | Diehl Metall Stiftung & Co Kg | aluminum Bronze |
DE10136788A1 (en) * | 2001-07-27 | 2003-02-13 | Diehl Metall Stiftung & Co Kg | aluminum Bronze |
EP1637623A1 (en) * | 2004-09-17 | 2006-03-22 | Sulzer Metco AG | Spray powder, bearing element of a bearing device coated with the sprayed powder |
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US11427890B2 (en) | 2014-02-04 | 2022-08-30 | Otto Fuchs Kommanditgesellschaft | Lubricant-compatible copper alloy |
US20150240343A1 (en) * | 2014-02-26 | 2015-08-27 | Endurance Technologies, Inc. | Coating compositions, methods and articles produced thereby |
US9957599B2 (en) * | 2014-02-26 | 2018-05-01 | Endurance Technologies, Inc. | Coating compositions, methods and articles produced thereby |
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US10280497B2 (en) | 2014-03-04 | 2019-05-07 | Otto Fuchs Kommanditgesellschaft | Aluminium bronze alloy, method for the production thereof and product made from aluminium bronze |
WO2015150245A1 (en) * | 2014-04-03 | 2015-10-08 | Otto Fuchs - Kommanditgesellschaft - | Aluminium bronze alloy, method for the production thereof and product made from aluminium bronze |
RU2660543C2 (en) * | 2014-04-03 | 2018-07-06 | Отто Фукс Коммандитгезельшафт | Aluminium bronze alloy, method for the production thereof and product made from aluminium bronze |
EP2927335A1 (en) * | 2014-04-03 | 2015-10-07 | Otto Fuchs KG | Aluminium bronze alloy, method for manufacturing the same and product made of aluminium bronze |
US10316398B2 (en) | 2014-05-16 | 2019-06-11 | Otto Fuchs Kommanditgesellschaft | High-tensile brass alloy and alloy product |
US10570484B2 (en) | 2016-05-20 | 2020-02-25 | Otto Fuchs Kommanditgesellschaft | High tensile brass alloy and high tensile brass alloy product |
US11359263B2 (en) | 2016-05-20 | 2022-06-14 | Otto Fuchs Kommanditgesellschaft | Lead-free high tensile brass alloy and high tensile brass alloy product |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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KR100440426B1 (en) | 2004-07-14 |
NO332021B1 (en) | 2012-05-29 |
ES2182792T3 (en) | 2003-03-16 |
PL349466A1 (en) | 2002-07-29 |
WO2000050660A1 (en) | 2000-08-31 |
RU2239000C2 (en) | 2004-10-27 |
DE50000452D1 (en) | 2002-10-10 |
DE19908107C2 (en) | 2003-04-10 |
EP1157142A1 (en) | 2001-11-28 |
AU3280100A (en) | 2000-09-14 |
KR20010113710A (en) | 2001-12-28 |
EP1157142B1 (en) | 2002-09-04 |
CN1341157A (en) | 2002-03-20 |
NO20013876D0 (en) | 2001-08-08 |
PL192821B1 (en) | 2006-12-29 |
NO20013876L (en) | 2001-10-18 |
JP2002538016A (en) | 2002-11-12 |
CN1152975C (en) | 2004-06-09 |
ATE223512T1 (en) | 2002-09-15 |
JP3859970B2 (en) | 2006-12-20 |
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