EP1157090A1 - Verfahren zur herstellung mehrphasiger wasch- und reinigungsmittelformkörper - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung mehrphasiger wasch- und reinigungsmittelformkörperInfo
- Publication number
- EP1157090A1 EP1157090A1 EP00909239A EP00909239A EP1157090A1 EP 1157090 A1 EP1157090 A1 EP 1157090A1 EP 00909239 A EP00909239 A EP 00909239A EP 00909239 A EP00909239 A EP 00909239A EP 1157090 A1 EP1157090 A1 EP 1157090A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- molded body
- active substance
- acid
- weight
- substances
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/37—Polymers
- C11D3/3746—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C11D3/3769—(Co)polymerised monomers containing nitrogen, e.g. carbonamides, nitriles or amines
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
- C11D17/0047—Detergents in the form of bars or tablets
- C11D17/0065—Solid detergents containing builders
- C11D17/0073—Tablets
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
- C11D17/04—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties combined with or containing other objects
- C11D17/041—Compositions releasably affixed on a substrate or incorporated into a dispensing means
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
- C11D17/04—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties combined with or containing other objects
- C11D17/041—Compositions releasably affixed on a substrate or incorporated into a dispensing means
- C11D17/042—Water soluble or water disintegrable containers or substrates containing cleaning compositions or additives for cleaning compositions
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing multiphase molded articles, the individual phases having a different composition.
- the method presented is particularly suitable for the production of detergent tablets, such as bleach tablets, stain tablets, detergent tablets for automatic dishwashing, detergent tablets or water softening tablets.
- Rotary presses for the production of tablets from a wide variety of substances and for a wide variety of applications are known from the prior art.
- a die plate which is driven about an (usually vertical) axis, has bores (dies) arranged on a circle and associated with pairs of press rams that rotate in synchronism with the plate.
- the press rams are lowered or raised by control cams and pressure rollers, so that the mixture filled into the die is compressed and expelled.
- a suitable filling device filling shoe
- the bottom of the die is formed by the lower punch, the die volume and thus the dosage of the mixture to be tabletted depending on the height of the lower punch in the die hole.
- the premix is compressed to a desired height by lowering the upper punch by means of a pressure roller or by moving the opposing pressing dies towards one another, modern pressing stations having a pre-printing and a main printing station.
- the upper and lower punches are raised, as a result of which the tablet exits the machine at a certain point on the machine and can be removed from the die plate by suitable devices (wipers) and fed to a drainage channel. at this process, the upper stamp generally lifts faster and faster than the lower stamp.
- multilayer tablets can also be produced by installing several filling shoes and pressure rollers or ejection rails.
- the layer filled in first is not pressed at all or only slightly, and the final pressing takes place after the matrix has been filled with the premix for the last layer in order to improve the cohesion of the individual layers.
- Other geometric phase distributions such as coated tablets or ring / core tablets (commonly referred to as point tablets or bull-eye tablets in pharmacy), can also be achieved with conventional rotary presses by introducing a transfer and centering device that fills a pre-compressed core into the one Insert the die before the entire mixture is finally pressed.
- the shape of the die holes and the punch surfaces can be varied within wide limits. Round, oval and square tablets with a flat, curved surface or with bevelled edges can be produced.
- the production of ring-shaped "tablets” using rotary technology is known from battery manufacture.
- the graphite-manganese rings that are later to be filled with a carbon pencil are produced with an annular lower punch, with a rigidly attached central mandrel protruding into the die from below, the lower punch moving up and down past it.
- the lower punch is provided with two notches in its lower part, which slide past the holder of the central mandrel.
- Multi-phase or multi-layer moldings are also described in the field of detergents and cleaning agents, with the separation of active substances being of greater importance here.
- European patent applications EP 851 023, EP 851 024 and EP 851 025 all Unilever
- two-layer tablets which can be produced by means of conventional pressing technology and which contain builders, enzymes, a buffer system and optionally bleaching agents in the first layer, and a wax in a second layer
- Acidifying agents and optionally peracids and / or anti-scaling polymers are included.
- the melting point of the waxes used 35-50 ° C or 55-70 ° C
- a temperature-controlled release of the active ingredients can take place in the second layer.
- the present invention relates to a process for producing multiphase detergent tablets, which comprises the following steps: a) pressing a particulate premix into tablets, b) optionally applying one or more adhesion promoters to one or more surfaces of the tablets, c) applying others Active substance in solid, highly viscous or plastic form, d) optional post-treatment (post-forming) of the active substances applied to the surface of the molded body.
- step a) the process according to the invention uses single-phase or multi-phase moldings with conventional press technology, to which further active substances are applied in the subsequent process steps.
- the further active substances can be applied to only one, to several or to all surfaces of the shaped body.
- the further active substance can be applied in the form of a larger volume or a plurality of smaller volumes. If the active substances are applied in solid form to all surfaces and there is no post-forming, the resulting molded body can be compared to a rum ball on which chocolate sprinkles are applied.
- step a a particulate premix containing ingredients of detergents and cleaning agents is compacted in a so-called die between two stamps to form a solid compressed product using conventional pressing technology.
- This process which is briefly referred to as tableting in the following, is divided into four sections: metering, compression (elastic deformation), plastic deformation and ejection.
- the premix is introduced into the die, the filling quantity and thus the weight and the shape of the molding being formed being determined by the position of the lower punch and the shape of the pressing tool.
- the constant dosing is preferably achieved by volumetric dosing of the premix.
- the upper punch touches the premix and lowers further in the direction of the lower punch.
- the particles of the premix are pressed closer together, the void volume within the filling between the punches continuously decreasing. From a certain position of the upper punch (and thus from a certain pressure on the premix), the plastic deformation begins, in which the particles flow together and the molded body is formed.
- the premix particles are also crushed and sintering of the premix occurs at even higher pressures.
- the phase of elastic deformation is shortened further and further, so that the resulting shaped bodies can have more or less large cavities.
- the finished molded body is pressed out of the die by the lower punch and transported away by subsequent transport devices. At this point in time, only the weight of the molded body is finally determined, since the compacts can still change their shape and size due to physical processes (stretching, crystallographic effects, cooling, etc.).
- Tableting takes place in commercially available tablet presses, which can in principle be equipped with single or double punches. In the latter case, not only is the upper stamp used to build up pressure, the lower stamp also moves towards the upper stamp during the pressing process, while the upper stamp presses down.
- eccentric tablet presses are preferably used, in which the punch or stamps are fastened to an eccentric disc, which in turn is mounted on an axis with a certain rotational speed. The movement of these rams is comparable to that of a conventional four-stroke engine.
- the pressing can take place with one upper and one lower stamp, but several stamps can also be attached to one eccentric disc, the number of die holes being correspondingly increased.
- the throughputs of eccentric presses vary depending on the type from a few hundred to a maximum of 3000 tablets per hour.
- rotary tablet presses are selected in which a larger number of dies is arranged in a circle on a so-called die table.
- the number of matrices varies between 6 and 55 depending on the model, although larger matrices are also commercially available.
- Each die on the die table is assigned an upper and lower punch, and again the pressure can be built up actively only by the upper or lower punch, but also by both stamps.
- the die table and the stamps move about a common vertical axis, the Stamps are brought into the positions for filling, compression, plastic deformation and ejection with the help of rail-like cam tracks.
- these cam tracks are supported by additional low-pressure pieces, low-tension rails and lifting tracks.
- the die is filled via a rigidly arranged feed device, the so-called filling shoe, which is connected to a storage container for the premix.
- the pressing pressure on the premix is individually adjustable via the pressing paths for upper and lower punches, the pressure build-up being achieved by rolling the punch shaft heads past an adjustable pressure roller.
- Rotary presses can also be provided with two filling shoes to increase the throughput, with only a semicircle having to be run through to produce a tablet.
- several filling shoes are arranged one behind the other without the slightly pressed first layer being ejected before further filling.
- jacket and dot tablets can also be produced in this way, which have an onion-shell-like structure, the top side of the core or the core layers not being covered in the case of the dot tablets and thus remaining visible.
- Rotary tablet presses can also be equipped with single or multiple tools, so that, for example, an outer circle with 50 and an inner circle with 35 holes can be used simultaneously for pressing.
- the throughputs of modern rotary tablet presses are over one million molded articles per hour.
- Tablet animal machines suitable for process step a) within the scope of the present invention are available, for example, from the companies Apparatebau Holzwarth GbR, Asperg. Wilhelm Fette GmbH, Schwarzenbek, Hofer GmbH, Weil, KILIAN, Cologne, KOMAGE, Kell am See, KORSCH Pressen GmbH, Berlin, Mapag Maschinenbau AG, Bern (CH) and Courtoy NV, Halle (BE / LU).
- the hydraulic double pressure press HPF 630 from LAEIS, D. is particularly suitable.
- the molded body can be manufactured in a predetermined spatial shape and a predetermined size.
- the portioned compacts can each be designed as separate individual elements that correspond to the predetermined dosage of the detergents and / or cleaning agents. It is also possible, however, to form compacts which connect a plurality of such mass units in one compact, the portioned smaller units being easy to separate, in particular by predetermined predetermined breaking points.
- the portioned compacts can be designed as tablets, in cylinders or cuboids, with a diameter / height ratio in the range from about 0.5: 2 to 2: 0.5 is preferred.
- Commercial hydraulic presses, eccentric presses or rotary presses are suitable devices, in particular for the production of such pressed articles.
- the spatial shape of another embodiment of the molded body is adapted in its dimensions to the detergent dispenser of commercially available household washing machines, so that the molded body can be metered directly into the dispenser without metering aid, where it dissolves during the dispensing process. If detergent tablets according to the invention are to be produced for machine dishwashing, a rectangular base area is recommended, in which the height of the molded body is smaller than the smaller rectangular side. Rounded corners are preferred with this offer.
- Another preferred molded body that can be produced has a plate-like or plate-like structure with alternately thick long and thin short segments, so that Individual segments of this "bolt" at the predetermined breaking points, which represent the short, thin segments, can be broken off and entered into the machine.
- This principle of the "bar-shaped" shaped body detergent can also be realized in other geometric shapes, for example vertically standing triangles, which are connected to one another only on one of their sides along the side.
- the different components are not pressed into a uniform tablet, but that shaped bodies are obtained in step a) which have several layers, that is to say at least two layers. It is also possible that these different layers have different dissolving speeds. This can result in advantageous application properties of the molded body. If, for example, components are contained in the moldings that mutually influence one another negatively, it is possible to integrate one component in the more rapidly soluble layer and to incorporate the other component in a more slowly soluble layer, so that the first component has already reacted. when the second goes into solution.
- the layer structure of the molded body can be done in a stack-like manner, with the inner layer (s) already loosening at the edges of the molded body when the outer layers have not yet been completely detached, but it is also possible for the inner layer (s) to be completely encased ) can be achieved by the layer (s) lying further outwards, which leads to the premature dissolution of components of the inner layer (s).
- the breaking strength of cylindrical shaped bodies can be determined via the measured variable of the diametrical breaking load. This can be determined according to
- the premix to be ve ⁇ ress can contain all the ingredients usually contained in washing and cleaning agents, the composition of which varies depending on the intended use of the later molded article.
- Detergent tablets contain higher amounts of surfactants than detergent tablets for automatic dishwashing, while bleach tablets and water softening tablets are usually formulated without surfactants.
- the amount and type of builders, bleaches etc. used can also vary depending on the intended use. Regardless of the intended use, most detergent tablets contain one or more substances from the group of builders.
- all builders customarily used in detergents and cleaning agents can be present as builders, in particular thus zeolites, silicates, carbonates, organic cobuilders and also the phosphates.
- Suitable crystalline, layered sodium silicates have the general formula NaMSi x O 2x + l ⁇ , O, where M is sodium or hydrogen, x is a number from 1.9 to 4 and y is a number from 0 to 20 and preferred values for x 2 , 3 or 4 are.
- Such crystalline layered silicates are described, for example, in European patent application EP-A-0 164 514.
- Preferred crystalline layered silicates of the formula given are those in which M represents sodium and x assumes the values 2 or 3.
- both ⁇ - and ⁇ -sodium disilicate Na 2 Si 2 O 5 • yH 2 O are preferred, whereby ⁇ -sodium disilicate can be obtained, for example, by the method described in international patent application WO-A-91/08171.
- the delay in dissolution compared to conventional amorphous sodium silicates can be caused in various ways, for example by surface treatment, compounding, compacting / compression or by overdrying.
- the term “amo ⁇ h” is also understood to mean “roentgenamo ⁇ h".
- the Silicates in X-ray diffraction experiments do not provide sharp X-ray reflections, as are typical for crystalline substances, but at most one or more maxima of the scattered X-rays, which have a width of several degree units of the diffraction angle.
- it can very well lead to particularly good builder properties if the silicate particles provide washed-out or even sharp diffraction maxima in electron diffraction experiments.
- This is to be integrated in such a way that the products have microcrystalline areas of size 10 to a few hundred nm, values up to max. 50 nm and in particular up to max. 20 nm are preferred.
- Such so-called X-ray silicates which also have a delay in dissolution compared to conventional water glasses, are described, for example, in German patent application DE-A-44 00 024. Particularly preferred are compressed / compacted amorphous silicates, compounded amorphous silicates and over-dried x-ray silicates.
- the finely crystalline, synthetic and bound water-containing zeolite which can be used is preferably zeolite A and or P.
- zeolite P zeolite MAP® (commercial product from Crosfield) is particularly preferred.
- zeolite X and mixtures of A, X and / or P are also suitable.
- Commercially available and can preferably be used in the context of the present invention for example a co-crystallizate of zeolite X and zeolite A (about 80% by weight of zeolite X) ), which is sold by CONDEA Augusta SpA under the brand name VEGOBOND AX * and by the formula
- the zeolite can be used both as a builder in a granular compound and can also be used for a kind of "powdering" of the entire mixture to be used, usually both ways of incohering the zeolite into the premix.
- Suitable zeolites have an average particle size of less than 10 ⁇ m (volume distribution; measurement method: Coulter Coun- ter) and preferably contain 18 to 22% by weight, in particular 20 to 22% by weight, of bound water.
- phosphates As builder substances, provided that such use should not be avoided for ecological reasons.
- the sodium salts of orthophosphates, pyrophosphates and in particular tripolyphosphates are particularly suitable.
- Organic cobuilders which can be used in the detergent tablets according to the invention are, in particular, polycarboxylates / polycarboxylic acids, polymeric polycarboxylates, aspartic acid, polyacetals, dextrins, other organic cobuilders (see below) and phosphonates. These classes of substances are described below.
- Usable organic builders are, for example, the polycarboxylic acids which can be used in the form of their sodium salts, polycarboxylic acids being understood to mean those carboxylic acids which carry more than one acid absorbance.
- these are citric acid, adipic acid.
- Preferred salts are the salts of polycarboxylic acids such as citric acid, adipic acid. Succinic acid, glutaric acid, tartaric acid, sugar acids and mixtures of these.
- the acids themselves can also be used.
- the acids typically also have the property of an acidifying component and thus also serve to set a more moderate and milder pH of detergents or cleaning agents.
- Citric acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, gluconic acid and any mixtures thereof can be mentioned in particular.
- Polymeric polycarboxylates are also suitable as builders, for example the alkali metal salts of polyacrylic acid or polymethacrylic acid, for example those with a relative molecular weight of 500 to 70,000 g / mol.
- the molecular weights given for polymeric polycarboxylates are weight-average molecular weights M ⁇ , the particular acid form, which were basically determined by means of gel permeation chromatography (GPC), using a UV detector. The measurement was carried out against an external polyacrylic acid standard, which provides realistic molecular weight values due to its structural relationship to the polymers investigated. This information differs significantly from the molecular weight information for which polystyrene sulfonic acids are used as standard. The molecular weights measured against polystyrene sulfonic acids are generally significantly higher than the molecular weights given in this document.
- Suitable polymers are, in particular, polyacrylates, which preferably have a molecular weight of 2,000 to 20,000 g / mol. Because of their superior solubility, the short-chain polyacrylates, the molecular weights from 2000 to 10000 g / mol, can in turn be selected from this group. and particularly preferably from 3000 to 5000 g / mol, may be preferred.
- copolymeric polycarboxylates in particular those of acrylic acid with methacrylic acid and of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with maleic acid.
- Copolymers of acrylic acid with maleic acid which contain 50 to 90% by weight of acrylic acid and 50 to 10% by weight of maleic acid have proven to be particularly suitable.
- Their relative molecular weight, based on free acids, is generally 2,000 to 70,000 g / mol, preferably 20,000 to 50,000 g / mol and in particular 30,000 to 40,000 g / mol.
- the (co) polymeric polycarboxylates can be used either as a powder or as an aqueous solution.
- the content of (co) polymeric polycarboxylates in the agents is preferably 0.5 to 20% by weight, in particular 3 to 10% by weight.
- the polymers can also contain allylsulfonic acids, such as, for example, allyloxybenzenesulfonic acid and methallylsulfonic acid, as monomers.
- biodegradable polymers composed of more than two different monomer units, for example those which contain salts of acrylic acid and maleic acid as well as vinyl alcohol or vinyl alcohol derivatives as monomers or those which contain salts of acrylic acid and 2-alkylallylsulfonic acid and sugar derivatives as monomers .
- copolymers are those which are described in German patent applications DE-A-43 03 320 and DE-A-44 17 734 and preferably contain acrolein and acrylic acid / acrylic acid salts or acrolein and vinyl acetate as monomers.
- polymeric aminodicarboxylic acids their salts or their precursor substances.
- Particularly preferred are polyaspartic acids or their salts and derivatives, of which it is disclosed in the German patent application DE-A-195 40 086 that, in addition to cobuilder properties, they also have a bleach-stabilizing effect.
- polyacetals which can be obtained by reacting dialdehydes with polyolcarboxylic acids which have 5 to 7 carbon atoms and at least 3 hydroxyl groups.
- Preferred polyacetals are obtained from dialdehydes such as glyoxal, glutaraldehyde, terephthalaldehyde and their mixtures and from polyol carboxylic acids such as gluconic acid and / or glucoheptonic acid.
- Suitable organic builder substances are dextrins, for example oligomers or polymers of carbohydrates, which can be obtained by partial hydrolysis of starches.
- the hydrolysis can be carried out by customary processes, for example acid-catalyzed or enzyme-catalyzed. They are preferably hydrolysis products with average molar masses in the range from 400 to 500,000 g / mol.
- a polysaccharide with a dextrose equivalent (DE) in the range from 0.5 to 40, in particular those from 2 to 30 are preferred, DE being a customary measure of the reducing action of a polysaccharide compared to dextrose, which has a DE of 100.
- DE dextrose equivalent
- the oxidized derivatives of such dextrins are their reaction products with oxidizing agents which are capable of oxidizing at least one alcohol function of the saccharide ring to the carboxylic acid function.
- oxidizing agents capable of oxidizing at least one alcohol function of the saccharide ring to the carboxylic acid function.
- Such oxidized dextrins and processes for their preparation are known, for example, from European patent applications EP-A-0 232 202, EP-A-0 427 349, EP-A-0 472 042 and EP-A-0 542 496 as well as international patent applications WO 92 / 18542, WO 93/08251, WO 93/16110, WO 94/28030, WO 95/07303, WO 95/12619 and WO 95/20608.
- An oxidized oligosaccharide according to German patent application DE-A-196 00 018 is also suitable.
- a product oxidized at C 6 of the saccharide ring can be
- Ethylene diamine N, N'-disuccinate (EDDS) is preferably used in the form of its sodium or magnesium salts.
- Glycerol disuccinates and glycerol trisuccinates are also preferred in this context. Suitable amounts are 3 to 15% by weight in formulations containing zeolite and / or silicate.
- organic cobuilders are, for example, acetylated hydroxycarboxylic acids or their salts, which may optionally also be in lactone form and which contain at least 4 carbon atoms and at least one hydroxyl group and a maximum of two acid groups.
- Such cobuilders are described, for example, in international patent application WO 95/20029.
- phosphonates are, in particular, hydroxyalkane or aminoalkane phosphonates.
- hydroxyalkane phosphonates l-hydroxyethane-l, l-diphosphonate (HEDP) is of particular importance as a cobuilder. It is preferably used as the sodium salt, the disodium salt reacting neutrally and the tetrasodium salt in an alkaline manner (pH 9).
- Suitable aminoalkane phosphonates are preferably ethylene diamine tetramethylene phosphonate (EDTMP), diethylene triamine pentamethylene phosphonate (DTPMP) and their higher homologs.
- HEDP is preferably used as the builder from the class of the phosphonates.
- the aminoalkanephosphonates also have a pronounced ability to bind heavy metals. Accordingly, it may be preferred, particularly if the agents also contain bleach, to use aminoalkanephosphonates, in particular DTPMP, or to use mixtures of the phosphonates mentioned.
- water-soluble builders are preferred, since they generally have less tendency to form insoluble residues on dishes and hard surfaces.
- Customary builders which can be present in machine dishwashing detergent tablets according to the invention between 10 and 90% by weight, based on the premix to be treated, are the low molecular weight polycarboxylic acids and their salts, the homopolymeric and copolymeric polycarboxylic acids and their salts, the carbonates, phosphates and silicates.
- Trisodium citrate and or pentasodium tripolyphosphate and / or sodium carbonate and / or sodium bicarbonate and / or gluconates and or silicate builders from the class of disilicate and or metasilicate are preferably used for the production of molded articles for automatic dishwashing.
- a builder system containing a mixture of tripolyphosphate and sodium carbonate is particularly preferred.
- a builder system which contains a mixture of tripolyphosphate and sodium carbonate and sodium disilicate is also particularly preferred.
- Process variants are preferred in the context of the present invention in which the particulate premix builder pressed in step a) in amounts of from 20 to 80% by weight, preferably from 25 to 75% by weight and in particular from 30 to 70% by weight , each based on the premix.
- the premix can also contain the above-mentioned detergent substances, which are particularly important ingredients for detergent tablets.
- the molded body to be produced different answers are possible when answering the questions as to whether and if so which surfactants are used.
- Moldings for washing textiles can usually contain a wide variety of surfactants from the groups of anionic, nonionic, cationic and amphoteric surfactants, while moldings for automatic dishwashing preferably contain only low-foaming nonionic surfactants and water softening tablets or bleach tablets are free of surfactants.
- the person skilled in the art has no limits with regard to the freedom of formulation when the surfactants are inco ⁇ orated into the premix to be treated.
- Anionic surfactants used are, for example, those of the sulfonate and sulfate type.
- the surfactants of the sulfonate type are preferably C 9 . 13 - Alkylbenzenesulfonates, olefinsulfonates, ie mixtures of alkene and hydroxyalkanesulfonates and disulfonates, such as those obtained from C ! 2 . 18 -monoolefins with terminal or internal double bond by sulfonation with gaseous sulfur trioxide and subsequent alkaline or acidic hydrolysis of the sulfonation products into consideration. Alkanesulfonates which are derived from C ] 2 are also suitable.
- esters of ⁇ -sulfofatty acids for example the ⁇ -sulfonated methyl esters of hydrogenated coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids, are also suitable.
- sulfonated fatty acid glycerol esters are sulfonated fatty acid glycerol esters.
- Fatty acid glycerine esters are to be understood as the mono-, di- and triesters and their mixtures, as they are in the preparation by esterification of a monoglycerol with 1 to 3 moles of fatty acid or in the transesterification of triglycerides with 0.3 to 2 moles of glycerol.
- Preferred sulfated fatty acid glycerol esters are the sulfate products of saturated fatty acids having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, for example caproic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, myristic acid, lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid or behenic acid.
- alk (en) yl sulfates the alkali and especially the sodium salts of the sulfuric acid half esters of C 12 -C lg fatty alcohols, for example from coconut fatty alcohol, tallow fatty alcohol, lauryl, myristyl, cetyl or stearyl alcohol or the C ! 0 -C 20 - Oxo alcohols and those half esters of secondary alcohols of this chain length are preferred.
- alk (en) yl sulfates of the chain length mentioned which contain a synthetic, straight-chain alkyl radical prepared on a petrochemical basis and which have a degradation behavior analogous to that of the adequate compounds based on oleochemical raw materials.
- the sulfuric acid monoesters of the straight-chain or branched C 7.2 alcohols ethoxylated with 1 to 6 mol of ethylene oxide such as 2-methyl-branched C 9 . n -Alcohols with an average of 3.5 moles of ethylene oxide (EO) or C 12 . 18 fatty alcohols with 1 to 4 EO are suitable. Because of their high foaming behavior, they are used in cleaning agents only in relatively small amounts, for example in amounts of 1 to 5% by weight.
- Suitable anionic surfactants are also the salts of alkylsulfosuccinic acid, which are also referred to as sulfosuccinates or as sulfosuccinic acid esters and which are monoesters and / or diesters of sulfosuccinic acid with alcohols, preferably fatty alcohols and especially ethoxylated fatty alcohols.
- Preferred sulfosuccinates contain C 8 .
- Particularly preferred sulfosuccinates contain a fatty alcohol residue that differs from ethoxylated fatty alcohols derived, which are considered non-ionic surfactants (description see below).
- alk (en) ylsuccinic acid with preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alk (en) yl chain or salts thereof.
- Soaps are particularly suitable as further anionic surfactants.
- Saturated fatty acid soaps are suitable, such as the salts of lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, hydrogenated erucic acid and behenic acid, and in particular from natural fatty acids, e.g. Coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids, derived soap mixtures.
- the anionic surfactants can be in the form of their sodium, potassium or ammonium salts and also as soluble salts of organic bases, such as mono-, di- or tri-ethanolamine.
- the anionic surfactants are preferably in the form of their sodium or potassium salts, in particular in the form of the sodium salts.
- detergent tablets are produced in the context of the present invention, it is preferred that they each contain 5 to 50% by weight, preferably 7.5 to 40% by weight and in particular 10 to 20% by weight of anionic surfactant (s) based on the molded body weight. contain.
- the preferred anionic surfactants are the alkylbenzenesulfonates and fatty alcohol sulfates, preferred detergent tablets being 2 to 20% by weight, preferably 2.5 to 15% by weight and in particular 5 to 10% by weight of fatty alcohol sulfate (s) on the molded body weight
- the nonionic surfactants used are preferably alkoxylated, advantageously ethoxylated, in particular primary alcohols having preferably 8 to 18 carbon atoms and an average of 1 to 12 moles of ethylene oxide (EO) per mole of alcohol, in which the alcohol radical has a linear or preferably 2-methyl branching may be or may contain linear and methyl-branched radicals in the mixture, as are usually present in oxo alcohol radicals.
- alcohol ethoxylates with linear residues of alcohols of native origin with 12 to 18 carbon atoms for example from coconut, palm, tallow or oleyl alcohol, and an average of 2 to 8 EO per mole of alcohol are particularly preferred.
- the preferred ethoxylated alcohols include, for example, C2 . 14 -alcohols with 3 EO or 4 EO, C,. ,, -alcohol with 7 EO, C ! 3 .
- fatty alcohols with 5 EO have a narrow homolog distribution (narrow range ethoxylates, NRE).
- fatty alcohols with more than 12 EO can also be used. Examples of this are tallow fatty alcohol with 14 EO, 25 EO, 30 EO or 40 EO.
- nonionic surfactants which are used either as the sole nonionic surfactant or in combination with other nonionic surfactants, are alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or ethoxylated and propoxylated, fatty acid alkyl esters, preferably having 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, in particular fatty acid methyl ester, as described for example in Japanese patent application JP 58/217598 or which are preferably produced by the process described in international patent application WO-A-90/13533.
- alkyl polyglycosides Another class of nonionic surfactants that can be used advantageously are the alkyl polyglycosides (APG).
- Alkypolyglycosides that can be used satisfy the general formula RO (G) z , in which R is a linear or branched, in particular methyl-branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic radical having 8 to 22, preferably 12 to 18 carbon atoms and G is the symbol which stands for a glycose unit with 5 or 6 carbon atoms, preferably for glucose.
- the degree of glycosidation z is between 1.0 and 4.0, preferably between 1.0 and 2.0 and in particular between 1.1 and 1.4.
- Linear alkyl polyglucosides ie alkyl polyglycosides, in which the polyglycosyl radical is a glucose radical and the alkyl radical is an n-alkyl radical are preferably used.
- the detergent tablets according to the invention can preferably contain alkyl polyglycosides, with APG contents in the tablet of more than 0.2% by weight, based on the total tablet, being preferred.
- Particularly preferred detergent tablets contain APG in amounts of 0.2 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.2 to 5% by weight and in particular 0.5 to 3% by weight.
- Nonionic surfactants of the amine oxide type for example N-coconut alkyl-N, N-dimethylamine oxide and N-tallow alkyl-N, N-dihydroxyethylamine oxide, and the fatty acid alkanolamides can also be suitable.
- the amount of these nonionic surfactants is preferably not more than that of the ethoxylated fatty alcohols, in particular not more than half of them.
- Suitable surfactants are polyhydroxy fatty acid amides of the formula (I),
- RCO stands for an aliphatic acyl radical with 6 to 22 carbon atoms
- R * for hydrogen, an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical with 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- [Z] for a linear or branched polyhydroxyalkyl radical with 3 to 10 carbon atoms and 3 to 10 hydroxyl groups.
- the polyhydroxy fatty acid amides are known substances which can usually be obtained by reductive amination of a reducing sugar with ammonia, an alkylamine or an alkanolamine and subsequent acylation with a fatty acid, a fatty acid alkyl ester or a fatty acid chloride.
- the group of polyhydroxy fatty acid amides also includes compounds of the formula (II)
- R represents a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical having 7 to 12 carbon atoms
- R 1 represents a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical or an aryl radical having 2 to 8 carbon atoms
- R 2 represents a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical or an aryl radical or an oxy-alkyl radical having 1 to 8 carbon atoms
- C M - alkyl or phenyl radicals being preferred
- [Z] being a linear polyhydroxyalkyl radical whose alkyl chain is substituted by at least two hydroxyl groups, or alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated or propoxylated derivatives thereof Rest.
- [Z] is preferably obtained by reductive amination of a reduced sugar, for example glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose or xylose.
- a reduced sugar for example glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose or xylose.
- the N-alkoxy- or N-aryloxy-substituted compounds can then, for example according to the teaching of international application WO-A-95/07331, be converted into the desired polyhydroxy fatty acid amides by reaction with fatty acid methyl esters in the presence of an alkoxide as catalyst.
- alkoxy- lated alcohols especially the ethoxylated and or propoxylated alcohols.
- alkoxylated alcohols the reaction products of alkylene oxide, preferably ethylene oxide, with alcohols, preferably in the sense of the present invention, the long-chain alcohols (C 10 to C Ig, preferably between C 12 and C I6 such.
- n moles of ethylene oxide and one mole of alcohol form a complex mixture of addition products of different degrees of ethoxylation, depending on the reaction conditions.
- a further embodiment consists in the use of mixtures of the alkylene oxides, preferably the mixture of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide.
- final etherification with short-chain alkyl groups such as preferably the butyl group, can also give the substance class of the “closed” alcohol ethoxylates, which can also be used for the purposes of the invention.
- Highly preferred for the purposes of the present invention are highly ethoxylated fatty alcohols or their mixtures with end-capped fatty alcohol ethoxylates.
- the premix to be ve ⁇ ressed in step a) of the method according to the invention has certain physical properties.
- methods according to the invention are preferred here, which are characterized in that the particulate premix pressed in step a) has a bulk density above 600 g / 1, preferably above 700 g / 1 and in particular above 800 g / 1.
- the particle size distribution of the premix can also influence the properties of the shaped bodies produced in step a).
- Preferred processes are characterized in that the particulate premix pressed in step a) comprises a particulate Size distribution in which less than 10 wt .-%, preferably less than 7.5 wt .-% and in particular less than 5 wt .-% of the particles are larger than 1600 microns or smaller than 200 microns.
- the particle size distribution of the premix pressed in step a) is preferably even narrower, so that particularly preferred processes are characterized in that the particulate premix pressed in step a) has a particle size distribution in which more than 30% by weight, preferably more than 40 % By weight and in particular more than 50% by weight of the particles have a particle size between 600 and 1000 ⁇ m.
- step a) it is of course not only possible to produce single-phase shaped bodies, but also multi-phase or multi-layer shaped bodies which are produced in a manner known per se by pressing several different particulate premixes onto one another.
- the production of two-layer molded bodies in step a) is particularly special in that two different particulate premixes are pressed together, one of which contains one or more bleaching agents and the other one or more enzymes.
- bleach and oxidation-sensitive substances enzymes, dyes and fragrances
- separation of bleach and bleach activator by pressing two different particulate premixes, one of which contains one or more bleaches and the other contains one or more bleach activators.
- ingredients mentioned and other ingredients of detergents and cleaning agents such as disintegration aids, silver protection agents, optical brighteners, color transfer inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors, pH regulators, surfactants, enzymes, polymers.
- Fluorescent agents, foam inhibitors, anti-redeposition agents, graying inhibitors and mixtures thereof can be present in the premixes which are pressed in step a) in a manner known per se. These substances are described below.
- sodium perborate tetrahydrate and sodium perborate monohydrate are of particular importance.
- bleaching agents that can be used are, for example, sodium percarbonate, peroxypyrophosphates, citrate perhydrates and H 2 O 2 -producing peracidic salts or peracids, such as perbenzoates, peroxophthalates, diperazelaic acid, phalaminophenic acid or diperdodecanedioic acid. Even when using the bleaching agents, it is possible to dispense with the use of surfactants and / or builders, so that pure bleach tablets can be produced. If such bleach tablets are to be used for textile washing, the use of sodium percarbonate is preferred, irrespective of which other ingredients are contained in the molded articles.
- bleaching agents from the group of organic bleaching agents can also be used.
- Typical organic bleaching agents are the diacyl peroxides, such as dibenzoyl peroxide.
- Other typical organic bleaching agents are peroxy acids, examples of which include alkyl peroxy acids and aryl peroxy acids.
- Preferred representatives are (a) the peroxybenzoic acid and its ring-substituted derivatives, such as alkylperoxybenzoic acids, but also peroxy- ⁇ -naphthoic acid and magnesium monophosphate, (b) the aliphatic or substituted aliphatic peroxyacids, such as peroxylauric acid, peroxystearic acid, ⁇ -phthalimoxyhexoxy acid [ ⁇ -phthalimidoxythoxy acid] ⁇ -phthalimidoxythoxy acid oxaloacetic acid [ ⁇ -phthalimidoxythoxy acid], (PAP)], o-carboxybenzamido peroxycaproic acid, N-nonenylamidoperadipic acid and N-nonenylamidopersuccinate, and (c) aliphatic and araliphatic peroxydicarboxylic acids, such as 1,12-diperoxycarboxylic acid, 1, 9-diperoxyazelaic acid, diperocyseboxybras
- Chlorine or bromine-releasing substances can also be used as bleaching agents in molded articles for automatic dishwashing.
- Suitable materials which release chlorine or bromine include, for example, heterocyclic N-bromo- and N-chloramides, for example trichloroisocyanuric acid, tribromoisocyanuric acid,
- Dibromo isocyanuric acid and or dichloroisocyanuric acid (DICA) and / or their salts with Cations such as potassium and sodium are also suitable.
- Hydantoin compounds such as 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylhydanthoin are also suitable.
- bleach activators can be incorporated into the premix to be treated.
- Bleach activators which can be used are compounds which, under perhydrolysis conditions, give aliphatic peroxocarboxylic acids having preferably 1 to 10 C atoms, in particular 2 to 4 C atoms, and / or optionally substituted perbenzoic acid.
- Suitable substances are those which carry O- and / or N-acyl groups of the number of carbon atoms mentioned and / or optionally substituted benzoyl groups.
- TAED tetraacetylethylene
- bleach catalysts can also be incorporated into the moldings.
- These substances are bleach-enhancing transition metal salts or transition metal complexes such as, for example, Mn, Fe, Co, Ru or Mo salt complexes or carbonyl complexes.
- Mn, Fe, Co, Ru, Mo, Ti, V and Cu complexes with N-containing tripod ligands as well as Co, Fe, Cu and Ru amine complexes can also be used as bleaching catalysts.
- Enzymes in premixes for detergent tablets are, in particular, those from the classes of hydrolases such as proteases, esterases, lipases or lipolytically active enzymes, amylases, glycosyl hydrolases and mixtures of the enzymes mentioned. All of these hydrolases help to remove stains such as protein, greasy or starchy stains. Oxidoreductases can also be used for bleaching. Particularly suitable are bacterial strains or fungi such as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Streptomyceus griseus, Coprinus Cinereus and Humicola insolens as well as enzymatic active ingredients obtained from their genetically modified variants.
- Known cutinases are examples of such lipolytically active enzymes.
- Peroxidases or oxidases have also proven to be suitable in some cases.
- Suitable amylases include in particular alpha-amylases, iso-amylases, pullulanases and pectinases.
- the enzymes can be adsorbed on carriers or embedded in coating substances to protect them against premature decomposition.
- the proportion of the enzymes, enzyme mixtures or enzyme granules can be, for example, about 0.1 to 5% by weight, preferably 0.5 to about 4.5% by weight.
- cellulases are also considered in addition to the enzymes mentioned above. By removing pilling and microfibrils, cellulases and other glycosyl hydrolases can help maintain color and increase the softness of the textile.
- Cellobiohydrolases, endoglucanases and glucosidases, which are also called cellobiases, or mixtures thereof, are preferably used as cellulases. Since different cellulase types differ in their CMCase and avicelase activities, the desired activities can be set by targeted mixtures of the cellulases.
- molded articles according to the invention are to be produced for the automatic cleaning of dishes, they can be used to protect the dishes or the machine. contain onsinhibitors, wherein silver protection agents have a special meaning in the field of automatic dishwashing.
- the known substances of the prior art can be used.
- silver protection agents selected from the group of the triazoles, the benzotriazoles, the bisbenzotriazoles, the aminotriazoles, the alkylaminotriazoles and the transition metal salts or complexes can be used in particular.
- Benzotriazole and / or alkylaminotriazole are particularly preferably to be used.
- active chlorine-containing agents are often found in cleaner formulations, which can significantly reduce the corroding of the silver surface.
- oxygen- and nitrogen-containing organic redox-active compounds such as di- and trihydric phenols, e.g. B. hydroquinone, pyrocatechol, hydroxyhydroquinone, gallic acid, phloroglucin, pyrogallol or derivatives of these classes of compounds.
- Salt-like and complex-like inorganic compounds such as salts of the metals Mn, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Co and Ce, are also frequently used.
- transition metal salts selected from the group consisting of the manganese and / or cobalt salts and / or complexes, particularly preferably the cobalt (ammine) complexes, the cobalt (acetate) complexes, the cobalt (carbonyl) complexes , the chlorides of cobalt or manganese and manganese sulfate.
- Zinc compounds can also be used to prevent corrosion on the wash ware.
- premixes for detergent tablets produced according to the invention can also contain components which have a positive influence on the ability to wash out oil and fat from textiles (so-called soil repellents). This effect becomes particularly clear when a textile is soiled that has already been washed several times beforehand with a detergent according to the invention which contains this oil and fat-dissolving component.
- the preferred oil and fat-dissolving components include, for example, nonionic cellulose ethers such as methyl cellulose and methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose with a proportion of methoxyl groups of 15 to 30% by weight and of hydroxypropoxyl groups of 1 to 15% by weight, in each case based on the nonionic Cellulose ethers, and the polymers of phthalic acid and / or terephthalic acid or their derivatives known from the prior art, in particular polymers of ethylene terephthalates and / or polyethylene glycol terephthalates or anionically and / or nonionically modified graced derivatives of these. Of these, the sulfonated derivatives of phthalic acid and terephthalic acid polymers are particularly preferred.
- the premix to be ve ⁇ resses may contain, as optical brighteners, derivatives of diaminostilbenedisulfonic acid or its alkali metal salts. Suitable are e.g. Salts of 4,4'-bis (2-anilino-4-mo ⁇ holino-l, 3,5-triazinyl-6-amino) stilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid or compounds of the same structure which instead of the Mo ⁇ holino group have a diemanolamino group , a methyl amino group, an anilino group or a 2-methoxyethyl ⁇ mino group.
- brighteners of the substituted diphenylstyryl type may be present, e.g. the alkali salts of 4,4'-bis (2-sulfostyryl) diphenyl, 4,4'-bis (4-chloro-3-sulfostyryl) diphenyl, or 4- (4-chlorostyryl) -4 '- (2- sulfostyryl) diphenyls. Mixtures of the aforementioned brighteners can also be used.
- Fragrances can be added to the detergent tablets according to the invention in order to improve the aesthetic impression of the resulting products and to provide the consumer with a sensorically "typical and distinctive" product in addition to the cleaning performance and the color impression.
- Individual fragrance compounds for example the synthetic products of the ester, ether, aldehyde, ketone, alcohol and hydrocarbon type, can be used as perfume oils or fragrances. Fragrance compounds of the ester type are, for example, benzyl acetate.
- the ethers include, for example, benzyl ethyl ether, the aldehydes, for example, the linear alkanals with 8-18 C atoms.
- Perfume oils of this type can also contain natural fragrance mixtures such as are obtainable from plant sources, for example pine, citrus, jasmine, patchouli, rose or ylang-ylang oil. Also suitable are muscatel, sage oil, chamomile oil, clove oil, lemon balm oil, mint oil, cinnamon leaf oil, linden blossom oil, juniper berry oil, vetiver oil, olibanum oil, galbanum oil and labdanum oil as well as orange blossom oil, neroliol, orange peel oil and sandalwood oil.
- the fragrances can be incorporated directly into the premix, but it can also be advantageous to apply the fragrances to carriers which increase the adhesion of the perfume to the laundry and ensure a long-lasting fragrance for the textiles due to a slower fragrance release.
- Cyclodextrins for example, have proven useful as such carrier materials, and the cyclodextrin-perfume complexes can additionally be coated with further auxiliaries.
- tablet disintegrants In order to facilitate the disintegration of highly compressed moldings, it is possible to incorporate disintegration aids, so-called tablet disintegrants, in order to shorten the disintegration times.
- tablet disintegrants or disintegrants According to Römpp (9th edition, Vol. 6, p. 4440) and Voigt “Textbook of pharmaceutical technology ' " (6th edition, 1987, p. 182-184), tablet disintegrants or disintegrants are understood as auxiliary substances which are suitable for the rapid Disintegration of tablets in water or gastric juice and release of the pharmaceuticals in an absorbable form.
- These substances which are also referred to as "explosives” due to their effect, increase their volume when water enters, whereby on the one hand the intrinsic volume increases (swelling) and on the other hand a pressure can be generated by the release of gases, which breaks the tablet into smaller particles disintegrates.
- Well-known disintegration aids are, for example, carbonate / citric acid systems, although other organic acids can also be used.
- Swelling disintegration aids are, for example, synthetic polymers such as polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) or natural polymers or modified natural products such as cellulose and starch and their derivatives, alginates or casein derivatives.
- Preferred detergent tablets contain 0.5 to 10% by weight, preferably 3 to 7% by weight and in particular 4 to 6% by weight of one or more disintegration auxiliaries, in each case based on the molded article weight.
- Disintegrants based on cellulose are used as preferred disintegrants in the context of the present invention, so that preferred washing and cleaning agent shaped bodies such a disintegrant based on cellulose in amounts of 0.5 to 10% by weight, preferably 3 to 7% by weight and in particular 4 contain up to 6 wt .-%.
- Pure cellulose has the formal gross composition (C 6 H 10 O 5 ) n and, formally speaking, represents a ß-1,4-polyacetal of cellobiose, which in turn is made up of two molecules of glucose.
- Suitable celluloses consist of approximately 500 to 5000 glucose units and consequently have average molecular weights of 50,000 to 500,000.
- Cellulose-based disintegrants which can be used in the context of the present invention are also cellulose derivatives which can be obtained from cellulose by polymer-analogous reactions.
- Such chemically modified celluloses include, for example, products from esterifications or etherifications in which hydroxyl hydrogen atoms have been substituted.
- celluloses in which the hydroxyl groups have been replaced by functional groups which are not bound via an oxygen atom can also be used as cellulose derivatives.
- the group of cellulose derivatives includes, for example, alkali celluloses, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), cellulose esters and ethers and aminocelluloses.
- the cellulose derivatives mentioned are preferably not used alone as a cellulose-based disintegrant, but are used in a mixture with cellulose.
- the content of cellulose derivatives in these mixtures is preferably below 50% by weight, particularly preferably below 20% by weight, based on the cellulose-based disintegrant. Pure cellulose which is free of cellulose derivatives is particularly preferably used as the disintegrant based on cellulose.
- the cellulose used as disintegration aid is preferably not used in a finely divided form, but before it is added to the premixes to be treated. see converted into a coarser form, for example granulated or compacted.
- Detergent tablets containing disintegrants in granular or optionally co-granulated form are described in German patent applications DE 197 09 991 (Stefan Herzog) and DE 197 10 254 (Henkel) and international patent application WO98 / 40463 (Henkel). These documents can also be found in more detail on the production of granulated, compacted or cogranulated cellulose disintegrants.
- the particle sizes of such disintegrants are usually above 200 ⁇ m, preferably at least 90% by weight between 300 and 1600 ⁇ m and in particular at least 90% by weight between 400 and 1200 ⁇ m.
- the above and described in more detail in the documents cited coarser disintegration aids, are preferred as disintegration aids and are commercially available, for example under the name of Arbocel ® TF-30-HG from Rettenmaier available in the present invention.
- Microcrystalline cellulose can be used as a further cellulose-based disintegrant or as a component of this component.
- This microcrystalline cellulose is obtained by partial hydrolysis of celluloses under conditions which only attack and completely dissolve the amorphous areas (approx. 30% of the total cellulose mass) of the celluloses, but leave the crystalline areas (approx. 70%) undamaged.
- a subsequent disaggregation of the microfine celluloses produced by the hydrolysis provides the microcrystalline celluloses, which have primary particle sizes of approximately 5 ⁇ m and can be compacted, for example, into granules with an average particle size of 200 ⁇ m.
- step b) of the method according to the invention adhesion promoters are optionally applied to one or more surfaces of the molded body.
- Step b) is particularly necessary if the active substances to be applied in the subsequent step alone do not have sufficient adhesion to remain on the molded article and to withstand the mechanical loads during packaging, transport and handling without abrasion.
- Process step b) thus serves to "stick" these substances in the case of inadequately adherent active substances.
- step c) they are not by themselves Adhesive active substances selected, it is possible through process step b) to determine the areas of the molded body on which the active substance is to adhere.
- Substances can be used as adhesion promoters which impart sufficient adhesive power ("stickiness") to the molded body surfaces to which they are applied, so that the substances applied in the subsequent process step adhere permanently to the surface.
- adhesion promoters which impart sufficient adhesive power ("stickiness") to the molded body surfaces to which they are applied, so that the substances applied in the subsequent process step adhere permanently to the surface.
- step b) the melting of one or more substances with a melting range from 40 ° C. to 75 ° C. are applied to one or more surfaces of the molded body as an adhesion promoter, are preferred.
- adhesion promoters which are optionally applied in step b) of the method, which relate on the one hand to the melting or solidification behavior, but on the other hand also to the material properties of the coating in the solidified area at ambient temperature. Since the layer of the adhesion promoter applied to the molded body is intended to hold the "glued" active substances permanently during transport or storage, it must have a high stability against, for example, shock loads occurring during packaging or transport.
- the adhesion promoters should therefore either have at least partially elastic or at least plastic properties
- the adhesion promoters should have a melting range (solidification range) in such a temperature range that the active substances to be applied are not exposed to excessive thermal stress be sufficiently high to still provide effective adhesion of the applied active substances at at least a slightly elevated temperature.
- the coating substances preferably have one Melting point above 30 ° C.
- the width of the melting range of the adhesion promoters also has direct effects on the implementation of the process: The molded body provided with adhesion promoter must be brought into contact with the active substances to be applied in the subsequent process step - in the meantime, the adhesiveness must not be lost.
- the adhesive strength should be reduced as quickly as possible in order to avoid unnecessary loss of time or to prevent caking and congestion in subsequent process steps or handling and packaging.
- the reduction of the H-ability can be supported by cooling (for example blowing with cold air).
- adhesion promoters do not have a sharply defined melting point, as is usually the case with pure, crystalline substances, but instead have a melting range that may include several degrees Celsius.
- the adhesion promoters preferably have a melting range which is between approximately 45 ° C. and approximately 75 ° C. In the present case, this means that the melting range occurs within the specified temperature interval and does not indicate the width of the melting range.
- the width of the melting range is preferably at least 1 ° C., preferably about 2 to about 3 ° C.
- waxes are understood to mean a number of natural or artificially obtained substances which generally melt above 40 ° C. without decomposition and which are relatively low-viscosity and not stringy even a little above the melting point. They have a strongly temperature-dependent consistency and solubility.
- Natural waxes include, for example, vegetable waxes such as candelilla wax, carnauba wax, japan wax, esparto grass wax, cork wax, guaruma wax, rice germ oil wax, sugar cane wax, ouricury wax, or montan wax, animal waxes such as beeswax, shellac wax, walnut, lanolin (wool wax), or broom wax, mineral wax or ozokerite (earth wax), or petrochemical waxes such as petrolatum, paraffin waxes or micro waxes.
- vegetable waxes such as candelilla wax, carnauba wax, japan wax, esparto grass wax, cork wax, guaruma wax, rice germ oil wax, sugar cane wax, ouricury wax, or montan wax
- animal waxes such as beeswax, shellac wax, walnut, lanolin (wool wax), or broom wax, mineral wax or ozokerite (earth wax), or
- the chemically modified waxes include hard waxes such as montan ester waxes, Sassol waxes or hydrogenated jojoba waxes.
- Synthetic waxes are generally understood to mean polyalkylene waxes or polyalkylene glycol waxes. Compounds from other classes of material that meet the requirements regarding the softening point can also be used as hard mediators. As suitable synthetic compounds have, for example, higher esters of phthalic acid, in particular dicyclohexyl, which is commercially available under the name Unimoll 66 ® (Bayer AG), proved. Are also suitable Synthetic waxes of lower carboxylic acids and fatty alcohols, such as dimyristyl tartrate, sold under the name Cosmacol ® ETLP (Condea). Conversely, synthetic or partially synthetic esters from lower alcohols with fatty acids from native sources can also be used.
- Tegin ® 90 (Goldschmidt), a glycerol monostearate palmitate, falls into this class of substances.
- Shellac too. for example Shellac-KPS-Dreiring-SP (Kalkhoff GmbH) can be used as an adhesion promoter according to the invention.
- wax alcohols are also included in the waxes in the context of the present invention, for example.
- Wax alcohols are higher molecular weight.
- water-insoluble fatty alcohols usually with about 22 to 40 carbon atoms.
- the wax alcohols occur, for example, in the form of wax esters of higher molecular fatty acids (wax acids) as the main component of many natural waxes.
- wax alcohols are lignoceryl alcohol (1-tetracosanol), cetyl alcohol, myristyl alcohol or methyl alcohol.
- the adhesion promoters to be applied optionally in step b) can optionally also contain wool wax alcohols, understood to be triterpenoid and steroid alcohols, for example lanolin understood, which is obtainable for example under the trade name Argowax ® (Pamentier & Co).
- wool wax alcohols understood to be triterpenoid and steroid alcohols, for example lanolin understood, which is obtainable for example under the trade name Argowax ® (Pamentier & Co).
- fatty acid glycerol esters or fatty acid alkanolamides can also be used, at least in part, as a constituent of the adhesion promoter, but optionally also water-insoluble or only slightly water-soluble polyalkylene glycol compounds.
- the majority of the adhesion promoters used in process step b) according to the invention contain paraffin wax.
- paraffin wax preferably at least 50% by weight of the adhesion promoters, preferably more, consist of paraffin wax.
- Paraffin wax contents in the adhesion promoter of approximately 60% by weight, approximately 70% by weight or approximately 80% by weight are particularly suitable, with even higher proportions of, for example, more than 90% by weight being particularly preferred.
- the adhesion promoter applied in step b) consists exclusively of paraffin wax.
- Paraffin waxes have the advantage over the other natural waxes mentioned in the context of the present invention that there is no hydrolysis of the waxes in an alkaline detergent environment (as is to be expected, for example, from the wax esters), since paraffin wax contains no hydrolyzable groups.
- Paraffin waxes consist mainly of alkanes and low levels of iso- and cycloalkanes.
- the paraffin to be used according to the invention preferably has essentially no constituents with a melting point of more than 70 ° C., particularly preferably of more than 60 ° C. Portions of high-melting alkanes in the paraffin can leave undesired wax residues on the surfaces to be cleaned or the goods to be cleaned if the melting temperature in the detergent solution drops below this. Such wax residues usually lead to an unsightly appearance on the cleaned surface and should therefore be avoided.
- the adhesion promoters used in step b) according to the invention preferably contain at least one paraffin wax with a melting point of about 50 ° C. to about 55 ° C.
- the paraffin wax content of alkanes, isoalkanes and cycloalkanes which are solid at ambient temperature is as high as possible.
- the more solid wax components present in a wax at room temperature the more useful it is in the context of the present invention as an adhesion promoter in step b).
- the resilience of the adhesion promoter layer to impacts or friction on other surfaces increases, which leads to a longer-lasting holding of the coated active substances.
- High proportions of oils or liquid wax components can lead to a weakening of the particle adhesion, as a result of which the adhered active substances detach from the molded body.
- the adhesion promoters can also contain one or more of the above-mentioned waxes or wax-like substances as the main constituent.
- the adhesion promoters should be such that the “adhesive layer” is at least largely water-insoluble.
- the solubility in water should not exceed about 10 mg / 1 at a temperature of about 30 ° C. and should preferably be below 5 mg / 1.
- the adhesion promoters should have the lowest possible solubility in water, even in water at an elevated temperature, in order to largely avoid a temperature-independent release of the coated active substances.
- the adhesion promoters to be applied in process step b) can be pure substances or substance mixtures. In the latter case, the melt can contain varying amounts of adhesion promoter and auxiliary substances.
- the principle described above serves to delay the detachment of the active substances “stuck on” in step c) at a certain point in time, for example in the cleaning cycle of a dishwasher, and can be used particularly advantageously when washing in the main wash cycle at a lower temperature (for example 55 ° C.) that the active substance is only released from the adhesive layer in the rinse cycle at higher temperatures (approx. 70 ° C).
- step b) dissolving retarders, rather than dissolving accelerators, are used as adhesion promoters, so that the glued-on active substances do not dissolve more slowly from the molded article, but faster.
- preferred adhesion promoters are readily water-soluble for rapid detachment.
- the water solubility of the adhesion promoter can be significantly increased by certain additives, for example by inco-formation of easily soluble salts or effervescent systems. Such accelerated adhesion promoters (with or without the addition of other solubility improvers) lead to a rapid detachment and release of the active substances at the beginning of the cleaning cycle.
- the release acceleration can also be achieved or supported by certain geometric factors. Detailed explanations can be found below.
- the above-mentioned synthetic waxes from the group of polyethylene glycols and polypropylene glycols are particularly suitable as hard mediators for the accelerated release of the active substances from the detergent and cleaning product.
- Polyethylene glycols which can be used according to the invention are polymers of ethylene glycol which have the general formula III
- n can have values between 1 (ethylene glycol) and over 100,000.
- the polyethylene glycols with higher poppy masses are polymolecular, ie they consist of groups of macromolecules with different molecular weights. There are various nomenclatures for polyethylene glycols that can lead to confusion.
- PEG average relative molecular weight
- PEG 200 characterizes a polyethylene glycol with a relative molecular weight of approximately 190 to approximately 210.
- PEG 1550, PEG 3000, PEG 4000 and PEG 6000 can preferably be used in the context of the present invention.
- polyethylene glycols are, for example, under the trade name Carbowax ® PEG 540 (Union Carbide), Emkapol ® 6000 (ICI Americas), Lipoxol ® 3000 MED (Huls America), polyglycol ® E-3350 (Dow Chemical), Lutrol ® E4000 (BASF) and the corresponding trade name with higher numbers.
- Polypropylene glycols which can be used according to the invention are polymers of propylene glycol which have the general formula IV
- n values can be between 1 (propylene glycol) and approx. 1000.
- PEG and PPG which can preferably be used as adhesion promoters
- other substances can of course also be used, provided they have a sufficiently high water solubility and a melting point above 30 ° C.
- Preferred methods according to the invention are characterized in that in step b) one or more substances from the groups of the paraffin waxes, preferably with a melting range from 50 ° C. to 55 ° C., and / or the polyethylene glycols (PEG) and / or polypropylene glycols () PPG) and or the natural waxes and / or the fatty alcohols.
- one or more substances from the groups of the paraffin waxes preferably with a melting range from 50 ° C. to 55 ° C., and / or the polyethylene glycols (PEG) and / or polypropylene glycols () PPG) and or the natural waxes and / or the fatty alcohols.
- step b) of the method according to the invention In addition to melting, other substances can also be applied as adhesion promoters in step b) of the method according to the invention.
- concentrated salt solutions are suitable, for example, which after application of the active substances are converted into an adhesion-promoting salt crust by crystallization or evaporation-evaporation. It is of course also possible to use supersaturated solutions or solutions of salts in solvent mixtures.
- adhesion promoters Solutions or suspensions of water-soluble or -dispersible polymers, preferably polycarboxylates, can also be used as adhesion promoters in step b).
- the substances mentioned have already been described above because of their cobuilder properties.
- Other particularly suitable adhesion promoters are solutions of water-soluble substances from the group (acetalized) polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, gelatin and mixtures thereof.
- Polyvinyl alcohols are polymers of the general structure
- polyvinyl alcohols are prepared in solution via polymer-analogous reactions by hydrolysis, but technically in particular by alkaline-channeled transesterification of polyvinyl acetate with alcohols (preferably methanol). These technical processes also make PVAL accessible which contain a predeterminable residual proportion of acetate groups.
- PVAL e.g. Mowiol ® types from Hoechst
- PVAL are commercially available as white-yellow powders or granules with degrees of polymerization in the range of approx. 500-2500 (corresponding to molar masses of approx. 20,000-100,000 g / mol) and have different degrees of hydrolysis of 98 -99 or 87-89 mol%. They are therefore partially saponified polyvinyl acetates with a residual acetyl group content of approx. 1-2 or 11-13 mol%.
- the water solubility of PVAL can be reduced by post-treatment with aldehydes (acetalization), by complexation with Ni or Cu salts or by treatment with dichromates, boric acid, borax and thus adjust to the desired values.
- the rheological properties of PVAL solutions can also be changed adjust the molar mass or concentration to the desired values, depending on how the solution is to be applied as an adhesion promoter.
- PVP Polyvinylpyrrolidones
- PVP are produced by radical polymerization of 1-vinyl pyrrolidone.
- Commercial PVPs have molar masses in the range of approx. 2500-750,000 g / mol and are offered as white, hygroscopic powders or as aqueous solutions.
- Gelatin is a polypeptide (molecular weight: approx. 15,000-> 250,000 g / mol), which is obtained primarily by hydrolysis of the collagen contained in the skin and bones of animals under acidic or alkaline conditions.
- the amino acid composition of the gelatin largely corresponds to that of the collagen from which it was obtained and varies depending on its provenance.
- the use of gelatin as a water-soluble coating material is extremely widespread, especially in the pharmaceutical industry in the form of hard or soft gelatin capsules.
- adhesion promoters from the group starch and starch derivatives, cellulose and cellulose derivatives, in particular methyl cellulose and mixtures thereof, are also preferred.
- Starch is a homoglycan, with the glucose units linked ⁇ -glycosidically. Starch is made up of two components of different molecular weights: approx. 20-30% straight-chain amylose (MW. Approx. 5 ⁇ .00O-150.000) and 70-80% ver branched chain amylopectin (MW. approx. 300,000-2,000,000), in addition, it also contains small amounts of lipids, phosphoric acid and cations.
- starch derivatives are also obtainable from starch by polymer-analogous reactions.
- Such chemically modified starches include, for example, products from esterifications or etherifications in which hydroxyl hydrogen atoms have been substituted.
- Starches in which the hydroxyl groups have been replaced by functional groups which are not bound via an oxygen atom can also be used as starch derivatives.
- the group of starch derivatives includes, for example, alkali starches, carboxymethyl starch (CMS), starch esters and starches and amino starches.
- Pure cellulose has the formal gross composition (C 6 H 10 O 5 ) n and, formally speaking, represents a ß-1,4-polyacetal of cellobiose, which in turn is made up of two molecules of glucose.
- Suitable celluloses consist of approximately 500 to 5000 glucose units and consequently have average molecular weights of 50,000 to 500,000.
- cellulose derivatives which can be obtained from cellulose by polymer-analogous reactions can also be used as cellulose-based adhesion promoters.
- Such chemically modified celluloses include, for example, products from esterifications or etherifications in which hydroxyl hydrogen atoms have been substituted.
- celluloses in which the hydroxyl groups have been replaced by functional groups which are not bound by an oxygen atom can also be used as cellulose derivatives.
- the group of cellulose derivatives includes, for example, alkali celluloses, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), cellulose esters and ethers and aminocelluloses.
- Preferred adhesion promoters which can be used as an aqueous solution in the process according to the invention consist of a polymer with a molecular weight between 5000 and 500,000 daltons, preferably between 7,500 and 250,000 daltons and in particular between 10,000 and 100,000 daltons.
- the layer of the adhesion promoter present between the individual molded body regions after the adhesion promoter has dried preferably has a thickness of 1 to 150 ⁇ m, preferably 2 to 100 ⁇ m, particularly preferably 5 to 75 ⁇ m and in particular 10 to 50 ⁇ m.
- the third process step comprises the application of active substances to one or more surfaces of the molded body optionally provided with adhesion promoters.
- the active substances can be applied in solid, highly viscous or plastic form to one, several or all of the molded body surfaces.
- Solid active substances can be applied to the surfaces of the molded article produced in step a) and optionally provided with adhesion promoters in step b) using apparatuses which are known, for example, from the confectionery industry. In line with this area, the solid active substances applied in step c) are referred to below as “sprinkles”.
- the dosing accuracy with which a certain amount of further active substance is applied varies. In general, this dosing accuracy when applying sprinkles is subject to a certain fluctuation range of approx. +/- 10%.
- substances which should dissolve quickly in the washing or cleaning cycle for example enzymes, have proven to be effective as active substances for such solid sprinkles to be applied to the molded body surface.
- the sprinkles can be produced in different shapes and sizes.
- “being scattered” is also to be understood to mean the sticking of an individual metering unit onto a molded body surface, this individual metering unit naturally having a higher volume than the individual volume of metering units which are applied to the molded body several times.
- hemispherical sprinkles are glued to a surface of an orthorhombic molded body.
- Other shapes for "sprinkles" and shaped bodies such as cubes, cuboids, semi-ellipsoids, cylinder segments, prisms etc. are conceivable and feasible.
- Preferred embodiments of process step c) provide, however, that the number of sprinkles that are applied to the molded body is greater than 1.
- it can be optically attractive to provide several surfaces of a molded body with a single sprinkle, quasi an extension of the Principle mentioned above on a second, third, fourth, etc. molded body side, until bin to cover all areas with one or more sprinkles.
- the outlay on equipment for carrying out process step c) is quite high in these cases.
- the sprinkles to be applied are significantly smaller than the mold body itself and are applied in large numbers to one or more surfaces, with sprinkle quantities of more than 10 to several hundred being preferred.
- Such sprinkles then advantageously have the dimensions of conventional detergents and cleaning agents in powder, granule, extrudate, flake or platelet form and are “stuck on” in step c) in multiple numbers, which in the simplest case is achieved by pressing on an adhesive agent optionally provided
- Another embodiment of this step is also conceivable, for example the immersion of a molded body up to a percentage of its height in an adhesion promoter and subsequent pressing into the bed of sprinkles.
- a layer structure can be suggested in the finished molded body
- the percentage mentioned above is usually 10 to 50%, preferably 20 to 40% and in particular 25 to 35% of the height of the molded body.
- step c) further active substance in the form of powders, agglomerates, granules, extrudates, flakes or platelets is applied to one or more surfaces of the molded body.
- extrudates can be carried out in a visually appealing way: While powders, agglomerates and granules have an irregular grain structure, which in the ideal case is approximately round, extrudates can be produced in any shape. In addition to an ideal round extrudates as Megaperls ® (trademark of the applicant) and extrusions with special shapes, for example, to manufacture and of the inventive method in step c) be applied. Extrudate disks in the form of stars, crescent moons, trees, animal bodies, etc., which are particularly effective on a molded body surface if they are colored in a contrasting manner, are mentioned here merely as examples.
- step c) For molded articles in which the additional active substance is to be applied in step c) in the form of one or more solid dosage units, application to flat surfaces of the molded article, for example the top and / or bottom surface of cylindrical molded articles or one, two, three, is recommended , four, five or six surfaces of a rectangular shaped body.
- flat surfaces for example the top and / or bottom surface of cylindrical molded articles or one, two, three, is recommended , four, five or six surfaces of a rectangular shaped body.
- the application of the additional active substance in a plurality of metering units is preferred.
- the application of further active substance in the form of a single dosing unit can, however, be preferred in cases in which the surface is not flat.
- the attachment of additional active substance in the form of a single dosing unit in step c) of the method according to the invention can be supported by a suitable molded body surface.
- the insertion of smaller shaped bodies into cavities of larger shaped bodies, which have preferably been provided with adhesion promoters, is particularly suitable here.
- the shaped body produced in step a) has a cavity into which the individual
- the molded body produced in step a) has a cavity, the bottom and / or side surfaces of which are optionally provided with adhesion promoters, after which a separately produced and into which Matching molded body is glued in.
- the adhesion promoter can also be applied to individual surfaces of the molded body to be glued.
- the cavity in the molded body produced in step a) can have any shape. It can cut through the shaped body, i.e. have an opening on the top and bottom of the molded body, but it can also be a cavity that does not extend through the entire molded body, the opening of which is only visible on one side of the molded body.
- the cavity is a hole which passes through the molded body produced in step a) and which preferably has a circular cross section, the molded body produced in step a) being particularly preferably annular.
- the shaped body produced in step a) can assume any geometrical shape, in particular concave, convex, biconcave, biconvex, cubic, tetragonal, orthorhombic, cylindrical, spherical, cylindrical segment-like, disk-shaped, tetrahedral, dodecahedral, octahedral, conical, pyramidal , ellipsoidal, pentagonal, seven-sided and octagonal-prismatic and rhombohedral shapes are preferred. Also completely mistaken Gular base areas such as arrow or animal shapes, trees, clouds, etc. can be realized. If the molded body produced in step a) has corners and edges, these are preferably rounded. As an additional optical differentiation, an embodiment with rounded corners and beveled (“chamfered”) edges is preferred.
- the molded body produced in step a), which in this preferred embodiment has a through hole can also be manufactured with multiple phases.
- two-layer molded bodies have proven particularly useful here.
- the shape of the through hole can also be chosen freely, with preference being given to shaped bodies in which the through hole has circular, elliptical, triangular, rectangular, square, pentagonal, hexagonal, seven-sided or octagonal horizontal sections.
- Completely irregular hole shapes such as arrow or animal shapes, trees, clouds etc. can also be realized.
- those with rounded corners and edges or with rounded corners and chamfered edges are preferred.
- Shaped bodies with a rectangular or square base and circular holes can be produced as well as round shaped bodies with octagonal holes, whereby there are no limits to the variety of possible combinations.
- molded bodies with a hole are particularly preferred, in which the molded body base area and the hole cross section have the same geometric shape, for example molded bodies with a square base area and a centrally incorporated square hole.
- Ring-shaped bodies are particularly preferred, i.e. circular shaped body with a circular hole.
- the molded body produced in step a) can also assume any geometrical shape in this embodiment, in particular concave, convex, biconcave, biconvex, cubic, tetragonal, orthorhombic, cylindrical, spherical, cylindrical segment-like, disk-shaped, tetrahedral, dodecah , octahedral, conical, pyramidal, ellipsoidal, pentagonal, seven-sided and octagonal-prismatic as well as rhombohedral shapes are preferred .
- Completely irregular base areas such as arrow or animal shapes, trees, clouds etc. can also be realized , these are preferably rounded.
- an aluminum guide form with rounded corners and beveled (“chamfered”) edges is preferred.
- the shape of the trough can also be chosen freely, with preference being given to shaped bodies in which at least one trough is a concave, convex, cubic, tetragonal, orthorhombic, cylindrical, spherical, cylindrical segment-like, disk-shaped, tetrahedral. dodecahedral, octahedral, conical, pyramidal, ellipsoidal, five-, seven- and octagonal-prismatic and rhombohedral in shape. Completely irregular trough shapes such as arrow or animal shapes, trees, clouds, etc. can also be realized.
- troughs with rounded corners and edges or with rounded corners and chamfered edges are preferred.
- the size of the trough in comparison to the entire molded body depends on the intended use of the molded body.
- the size of the trough can vary depending on whether a smaller or larger amount of active substance is to be contained in the further active substance applied or introduced in step c).
- detergent tablets are preferred, in which the Weight ratio of basic molded body to cavity filling in the range from 1: 1 to 100: 1, preferably from 2: 1 to 80: 1, particularly preferably from 3: 1 to 50: 1 and in particular from 4: 1 to 30: 1.
- detergent and molded article bodies are preferred, in which the surface of the pressed-in trough filling accounts for 1 to 25%, preferably 2 to 20%, particularly preferably 3 to 15% and in particular 4 to 10% of the total surface area of the filled molded article.
- the overall molded body has dimensions of 20 x 20 x 40 mm and thus a total surface area of 40 cm 2
- trough fillings are preferred which have a surface area of 0.4 to 10 cm 2 , preferably 0.8 to 8 cm 2 , particularly preferably of Have 1.2 to 6 cm 2 and in particular from 1, 6 to 4 cm 2 .
- step b) adhesive agent is optionally applied to one or more molded body surfaces.
- adhesive agent in which two molded bodies are connected to one another, this can take place either with the molded body with cavity or with the molded body that fills the cavity.
- adhesion promoters are introduced into the cavity of the molded body in step b).
- step b) of the process according to the invention can be carried out simply by dropping liquid adhesion promoters into the mold.
- Suitable dosing systems for large-scale dosing of small amounts of liquid into cavities are well known to the person skilled in the art. It is often technically easier to apply adhesion promoter to the molded body filling the cavity. In such cases, methods are particularly preferred which are characterized in that in step b) adhesion promoter is applied to one or more surfaces, preferably to one surface, of the individual metering unit.
- adhesion promoter to preferably one surface of the individual dosing unit can take place in different ways. For example, it is possible to wet the separate dosing unit with adhesive on one side and then place it in the cavity. This technology is technologically simple to implement, but carries the risk that adhesive will contaminate the surface of the molded body with a cavity. In this variant, the amount of adhesive can be controlled by varying the rheological properties of the adhesion promoters.
- a further possibility, which is preferred in the context of the present invention, of applying adhesion promoters to preferably one surface of the individual metering unit consists in leading this metering unit past adhesive metering systems and then placing them in the cavity. This is achieved by means of nozzles metering the adhesion promoter, brushes or fleeces impregnated with adhesion promoters or by rollers.
- the latter process design is particularly easy to implement in that the separate metering unit has only a small contact area with the roller.
- the adhesion promoter can be metered from the inside of the roller, but it is also possible to apply the adhesion promoter to the roller at a point which is away from the point of contact of the roller with the separate metering units. Methods in which the adhesion promoter (s) are applied to a surface of the individual metering unit, preferably using rollers, brushes or nonwovens which transfer the adhesion promoter, are therefore preferred.
- the filling of the cavity can completely fill the cavity, but it can also protrude from the cavity or fill it only partially, with no limits to the imagination of the product developers.
- the shape of the trough or hole and the shape The separate dosing unit can be used to produce a wide range of molded body variations that are visually very different.
- the circular ring body described above with a circular hole can be filled with a form-fitting cylinder.
- the adhesion of the separate dosing unit in the cavity decreases with a decreasing contact area.
- Maximum adhesion between the two molded bodies is achieved if the ring or trough molded body and the separate dosing unit fit together positively without gaps. Methods in which the individual metering unit can be fitted into the cavity of the molded body in a form-fitting manner are therefore preferred.
- three-phase molded bodies can also be produced.
- four-phase molded bodies can be produced by connecting two two-phase molded bodies. In the simplest case, this is done in the process according to the invention by the separate production of two two-phase tablets, preferably by two-layer tabletting, and the subsequent connection of the two molded bodies by means of an adhesion promoter. Analog three-phase molded bodies can also be produced. Of course, the two-phase molded bodies to be joined can also be produced in another way.
- adhesion promoter it is possible and preferred not to apply the adhesion promoter when connecting two molded bodies with their flat surfaces to the connecting surface, but only to apply "adhesion promoter points" in the contact edge or at the corners. These are immediately exposed to the water in use, so that If two cube-shaped bodies are connected to each other in this way, the bonding agent does not have to be applied to all four edges, but it can help to separate the connection even more quickly by only applying bonding points at the four corners faster separation can be dispensed with individual Haftver ⁇ nittle ⁇ oints, so that For example, only two diagonally opposite corners of the contact can be provided with adhesion promoters.
- shape of the molded parts to be connected to the adhesion promoter can also accelerate the dissolution.
- Shaped bodies are preferred here which, after dissolution of the adhesion promoter connection, can move freely with respect to one another, that is to say no toroidal shaped bodies, but preferably basic bodies which have “satellite shaped bodies” on their outer surfaces.
- molded bodies are preferred for reasons of process economy Shaped bodies with a circular base area can only be glued along their outer surface by means of correspondingly biconcave shaped intermediate pieces, which in turn are more difficult to tablete. Nevertheless, such shaped bodies can also be joined together according to the invention.
- a procedural simplification of the line or point-shaped gluing can also be ensured in that the molded bodies can be fitted to one another in a form-fitting and precisely fitting manner due to their geometry. While, for example, in the case of cylindrical tablets, a horizontal displacement of tablets which touch with their round sides is possible, this can be prevented by elevations or depressions on the contact surfaces and corresponding depressions or elevations on the opposite surfaces, thereby precise application of adhesive dots is facilitated.
- Such form-fitting detachable or cleaning agent shaped bodies which are glued together within the scope of the present invention can be described in the older German patent application DE 199 08 057.7, the content of which is expressly referred to here.
- those active substance shaped bodies c) which contain surfactants are preferred, it being preferred to use these surfactants in Provide release-delayed form in order to achieve a release of the ingredients from the compressed part c) only in the rinse cycle.
- Such AJ tivsubstanzformkö ⁇ er c) can be produced for example by casting, extrusion, extrusion or tableting.
- the production of the active substance shaped body c) by pressing particulate compositions is particularly preferred.
- Rinse aid articles such as are described in the older German patent application DE 199 14.364.1 (Henkel KGaA) have proven particularly useful for this purpose.
- Such particularly preferred particles consist of 30 to 90% by weight of one or more carrier materials, 5 to 40% by weight of one or more coating substances with a melting point above 30 ° C., 5 to 40% by weight of one or more Active substances and 0 to 10% by weight of further active substances and auxiliary substances. Reference is expressly made to the disclosure of this document.
- the carrier materials include substances from the group of water-soluble detergent and cleaning agent ingredients, preferably carbonates, hydrogen carbonates, sulfates, phosphates and organic oligocarboxylic acids which are solid at room temperature in amounts of 55 to 85% by weight. %, preferably from 60 to 80% by weight and in particular from 65 to 75% by weight, in each case based on the particle weight. 56
- the coating substances which are pressed in the rinse aid articles, which according to the invention are preferably molded into active substance shaped bodies c), on the one hand the melting or solidification behavior, on the other hand also the material properties of the casing in the solidified state, i.e. in the rinse aid article.
- the coating substance Since the rinse aid articles are to be permanently protected against environmental influences during transport or storage, the coating substance must have a high stability against, for example, shock loads occurring during packaging or transport.
- the coating substance should therefore either have at least partially elastic or at least plastic properties in order to react to an impact load caused by elastic or plastic deformation and not to break.
- the coating substance should have a melting range (solidification range) in such a temperature range in which the active substances to be coated are not exposed to excessive thermal stress. On the other hand, however, the melting range must be sufficiently high to still provide effective protection for the enclosed active substances at at least a slightly elevated temperature.
- the enveloping substances have a melting point above 30 ° C.
- the coating substance does not have a sharply defined melting point, as usually occurs with pure, crystalline substances, but instead has a melting range that may include several degrees Celsius.
- the coating substance preferably has a melting range which is between approximately 45 ° C. and approximately 75 ° C. In the present case, this means that the melting range occurs within the specified temperature interval and does not indicate the width of the melting range.
- the width of the melting range is preferably at least 1 ° C., preferably about 2 to about 3 ° C.
- waxes The properties mentioned above are usually fulfilled by so-called waxes. "Waxing" is understood to mean a number of natural or artificially obtained substances which generally melt above 40 ° C. without decomposition and which are relatively low-viscosity and not stringy even a little above the melting point. They have a strongly temperature-dependent consistency and solubility.
- the waxes are divided into three groups according to their origin, natural waxes, chemically modified waxes and synthetic waxes.
- Natural waxes include, for example, vegetable waxes such as candelilla wax, carnauba wax, japan wax, esparto grass wax, cork wax, guaruma wax.
- Rice germ oil wax, sugar cane wax, ouricury wax, or montan wax animal waxes such as beeswax, shellac wax, walrus, lanolin (wool wax) or brush fat, mineral waxes such as ceresin or ozokerite (earth wax), or petrochemical waxes such as petrolatum, paraffin waxes or micro waxes.
- the chemically modified waxes include hard waxes such as montan ester waxes, Sassol waxes or hydrogenated jojoba waxes.
- Synthetic waxes are generally understood to mean polyalkylene waxes or polyalkylene glycol waxes. Compounds from other classes of material which meet the stated requirements with regard to the softening point can also be used as covering materials.
- suitable synthetic compounds have, for example, higher esters of phthalic acid, in particular dicyclohexyl, which is commercially available under the name Unimoll 66 ® (Bayer AG), proved.
- suitable Synthetic waxes of lower carboxylic acids and fatty alcohols such as dimyristyl tartrate, sold under the name Cosmacol ® ETLP (Condea).
- synthetic or partially synthetic esters from lower alcohols with fatty acids from native sources can also be used.
- Tegin ® 90 (Goldschmidt), a glycine monostearate palate, falls into this category.
- Shellac for example Shellac-KPS-Dreiring-SP (Kalkhoff GmbH) can be used according to the invention as a coating material.
- wax alcohols are also included in the waxes in the context of the present invention, for example.
- Wax alcohols are higher molecular weight, water-insoluble fatty alcohols with usually about 22 to 40 carbon atoms.
- the wax alcohols occur, for example, in the form of wax esters of higher molecular fatty acids (wax acids) as the main component of many natural waxes.
- wax alcohols are lignoceryl alcohol (1-tetracosanol), cetyl alcohol, myristyl alcohol or methyl alcohol.
- the coating of the present invention the solid particles coated can optionally also contain wool wax alcohols which are understood to Trite ⁇ enoid- and steroid alcohols, for example lanolin understood, which is obtainable for example under the trade name Argowax ® (Pamentier & Co).
- wool wax alcohols which are understood to Trite ⁇ enoid- and steroid alcohols, for example lanolin understood, which is obtainable for example under the trade name Argowax ® (Pamentier & Co).
- fatty acid glycerol esters or fatty acid alkanolamides can also be used, at least in part, as a constituent of the casing, but optionally also water-insoluble or only slightly water-soluble polyalkylene glycol compounds.
- Particularly preferred coating substances in the rinse aid particles to be pressed into the well are those from the group of polyethylene glycols (PEG) and / or polypropylene glycols (PPG), polyethylene glycols with molecular weights between 1500 and 36,000 being preferred, those with molecular weights from 2000 to 6000 being particularly preferred and such with molecular weights of 3000 to 5000 are particularly preferred.
- PEG polyethylene glycols
- PPG polypropylene glycols
- rinse aid articles which contain propylene glycols (PPG) and / or polyethylene glycols (PEG) as the only coating substance.
- PPG propylene glycols
- PEG polyethylene glycols
- Polypropylene glycols (abbreviation PPG) which can be used according to the invention are polymers of propylene glycol which satisfy the general formula III already mentioned above, where n can assume values between 10 and 2000.
- Preferred PPGs have molar masses between 1000 and 10,000, corresponding to values of n between 17 and approximately 170.
- Polyethylene glycols (abbreviation PEG) which can preferably be used according to the invention are polymers of ethylene glycol which also satisfy the general formula IV also mentioned above, where n can take on values between 20 and approximately 1000.
- the preferred molecular weight ranges mentioned above correspond to preferred ranges of the value n in formula IV from approximately 30 to approximately 820 (exactly: from 34 to 818), particularly preferably from approximately 40 to approximately 150 (precisely: from 45 to 136) and in particular from about 70 to about 120 (exactly: from 68 to 113).
- the coating substance contained in the rinse aid articles according to the invention contains paraffin wax in the majority.
- paraffin wax contents based on the total coating substance
- Paraffin wax contents of approximately 60% by weight, approximately 70% by weight or approximately 80% by weight are particularly suitable, with even higher proportions of, for example, more than 90% by weight being particularly preferred.
- the total amount of the coating substance used consists exclusively of paraffin wax.
- Paraffin waxes have the advantage over the other natural waxes mentioned in the context of the present invention that there is no hydrolysis of the waxes in an alkaline detergent environment (as is to be expected, for example, from the wax esters), since paraffin wax contains no hydrolyzable groups.
- Paraffin waxes consist mainly of alkanes and low levels of iso- and cycloalkanes.
- the paraffin to be used according to the invention preferably has essentially no constituents with a melting point of more than 70 ° C., particularly preferably of more than 60 ° C. Portions of high-melting alkanes in the paraffin can leave undesired wax residues on the surfaces to be cleaned or the goods to be cleaned if the melting temperature in the detergent solution drops below this. Such wax residues usually lead to an unsightly appearance on the cleaned surface and should therefore be avoided.
- Preferred compressible particulate rinse aids contain at least one paraffin wax with a melting range of 50 ° C. to 60 ° C. as the coating substance.
- the paraffin wax content of alkanes, isoalkanes and cycloalkanes which are solid at ambient temperature is as high as possible.
- the more solid wax components present in a wax at room temperature the more useful it is within the scope of the present invention.
- With an increasing proportion of solid wax components the resilience of the rinse aid articles to impacts or friction on other surfaces increases, which leads to a longer-lasting protection of the particles of active substances.
- High proportions of oils or liquid wax components can weaken the particles, opening pores and exposing the active substances to the environmental influences mentioned above.
- the coating substance can also contain one or more of the above-mentioned waxes or wax-like substances as the main constituent.
- the mixture forming the coating substance should be such that the rinse aid articles and the A vsubstarrzformkö ⁇ er c) made from them are at least largely water-insoluble.
- the solubility in water should not exceed about 10 mg / 1 at a temperature of about 30 ° C. and should preferably be below 5 mg / 1.
- the coating should have the lowest possible solubility in water, even in water at an elevated temperature, in order to avoid as far as possible a temperature-independent release of the active substances.
- Preferred particulate rinse aids according to the invention to form active substance shaped bodies c) are characterized in that they contain one or more substances with a melting range from 40 ° C. to 75 ° C. in amounts of 6 to 30% by weight, preferably 7.5 to 25%, as the coating substance Wt .-% and in particular from 10 to 20 wt .-%, each based on the particle weight.
- the active substances contained in the rinse aid articles which can be pressed according to the invention to form Aj sub-star moldings c) can be present both in solid and in liquid form at the processing temperature (i.e. at the temperature at which the particles are produced).
- the active substances contained in the rinse aid articles fulfill certain tasks.
- the cleaning performance can be improved by separating certain substances or by accelerating or delaying the release of additional substances.
- Active ingredients, which are preferably incorporated into the rinse aid articles, are therefore those ingredients of detergents and cleaning agents that are crucially involved in the washing or cleaning process.
- one or more substances from the groups of the surfactants, enzymes, bleaching agents, bleach activator, corrosion inhibitors, scale inhibitors, cobuilders and or fragrances in amounts of 6 to 30% by weight, preferably 7, are therefore present as the active substance , 5 to 25 wt .-% and in particular from 10 to 20 wt .-%, each based on the particle weight.
- a melt suspension or emulsion can be produced which provides additional wash-active substance at a predetermined time in the finished rinse aid article or in the molded body according to the invention.
- ve ⁇ reßbaren rinse articles for machine dishwashing which release the additional surfactant from the molded body according to the invention only at temperatures that household dishwashers only reach in the final rinse cycle.
- additional surfactant is available in the rinse cycle, which accelerates the drainage of the water and thus effectively prevents stains on the wash ware.
- the use of additional rinse aid customary today can be dispensed with.
- the active substance (s) is / are selected from the group of nonionic surfactants, in particular alkoxylated alcohols. These substances have already been described in detail.
- bleaching agents Another class of active substances which can be incorporated with particular advantage into the rinse aid articles which can be pressed according to the invention are bleaching agents. Particles can be produced and pressed into active substance shaped bodies c) which release the bleaching agent only when certain temperatures are reached, for example ready-made cleaning agents which clean enzymatically in the pre-rinse cycle and only release the bleaching agent in the main rinse cycle. Cleaning agents for automatic dishwashing can also be produced in such a way that additional bleaching agents are released in the rinse cycle and are more effective in removing difficult stains, for example tea stains.
- Particulate rinse aid particles which can preferably be pressed into active substance shaped bodies c) are therefore the active substance (s) selected from the group consisting of oxygen or halogen bleaches, in particular chlorine bleaches. These substances have also been described in detail.
- Another class of compounds which can preferably be used as active substances in the rinse aid articles which can be pressed according to the invention are the bleaching agents. O 00/52127 ,, PCT / EPOO / 01473
- preferably rinse-aid articles which can be pressed into active substance shaped bodies c) contain bleach activators as the active substance, in particular from the groups of the multiply acylated all ⁇ ylenediamines, in particular tetraacetylene-ethylenediamine (TAED), the N-acylimides, in particular N-nonanoylsuccinimide (NOSI) acylated phenolsulfonates, especially n-nonanoyl- or isononanoyloxybenzenesulfonate (n- or iso-NOBS), n-methyl-Mo ⁇ holinium-acetonitrile-methylsulfate (MMA).
- bleach activators as the active substance, in particular from the groups of the multiply acylated all ⁇ ylenediamines, in particular tetraacetylene-ethylenediamine (TAED), the N-acylimides, in particular N-nonanoylsuccinimide (NOSI) acyl
- a further important embodiment of the present invention provides for the pressing of enzyme-containing rinse aid articles into aldivsubstance molded articles c), which are subsequently attached to the basic molded article.
- Such rinse aid articles contain as active substance (s) enzymes which have been described in detail above.
- active substance (s) enzymes which have been described in detail above.
- particulate particles which are 40 to 99.5% by weight, preferably 50 to 97.5% by weight, particularly preferably 60 to 95% by weight and in particular 70 to 90% by weight or more coating substance (s) which have a melting point above 30 ° C, 0.5 to 60 wt .-%, preferably 1 to 40 wt .-%, particularly preferably 2.5 to 30 wt .-% and in particular 5 to 25% by weight of one or more liquid enzyme preparation (s) dispersed in the coating substance (s) and 0 to 20% by weight, preferably 0 to 15% by weight, particularly preferably 0 to 10% by weight.
- liquid enzyme preparations are either based homogeneously on a propylene glycol / water basis or heterogeneously as a slurry, or are present in a microencapsulated structure.
- Preferred liquid proteases are Savinase ® L, You- razym * L, Esperase ® L, and Everlase® ® from.
- Preferred amylases are Termamyl ® L, Duramyl ® L, and BAN ® from. Novo Nordisk, Maxamyl ® WL and Purafect ® HP On L from. Genencor International.
- Preferred lipases are Lipolase ® L, Lipolase ® ultra L and Lipoprime ® L from. Novo Nordisk and Lipomax® ® L from. Genencor International.
- liquid products such as the products from Novo Nordisk labeled SL or LCC can be used, for example.
- the commercial liquid enzyme preparations mentioned contain, for example, 20 to 90% by weight of propylene glycol or mixtures of propylene glycol and water.
- preferably compressible enzyme particles are characterized in that they contain one or more liquid amylase preparations and / or one or more liquid protease preparations.
- fragrances can also be incorporated into the rinse aid articles to be treated according to the invention. All fragrances described in detail above can be used as an active substance.
- the incorporation of fragrances into the rinse aid articles results in cleaning agents which release all or part of the perfume with a time delay. In this way, for example, cleaning agents for machine dishwashing can be produced according to the invention, in which the consumer experiences the perfume note even after the dishes have been cleaned when the machine is opened. In this way, the undesirable "alkaline smell" that is inherent in many automatic dishwashing detergents can be eliminated.
- Corrosion inhibitors can also be introduced into the rinse aid as an active substance, it being possible to use the substances familiar to the person skilled in the art.
- a combination of an enzyme (e.g. lipase) and lime soap dispersant has proven itself as a coating inhibitor.
- the rinse aid article can break under impact or friction or when pressed to form the active substance c).
- additives can optionally be added to the coating substances. Suitable additives must be able to be mixed completely with the molten wax, and must not significantly change the melting range of the coating substances 6y
- Suitable additives which reduce the brittleness of a sheath consisting essentially of paraffin at low temperatures are, for example, EVA copolymers, hydrogenated resin acid methyl ester, polyethylene or copolymers of ethyl acrylate and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate.
- Another useful additive when using paraffin as a coating is the addition of a small amount of a surfactant, for example a C 12 . 18 fatty alcohol sulfate. This addition results in a better wetting of the material to be embedded through the covering. It is advantageous to add the additive in an amount of about ⁇ 5% by weight, preferably ⁇ about 2% by weight, based on the coating substance.
- a surfactant for example a C 12 . 18 fatty alcohol sulfate.
- active substances can also be encased which, without the addition of an additive, generally form a tough, plastic body made of paraffin and partially dissolved active substance after the encapsulation material has melted.
- the anti-settling agents that can be used for this which are also referred to as floating agents, are known from the prior art, for example from the manufacture of lacquers and printing inks.
- surface-active substances waxes dispersed in solvents, montmorillonites, organically modified bentonites, (hydrogenated) castor oil derivatives.
- Other substances which bring about the effects mentioned come from the groups of anti-floating agents and thixotropic agents and can be chemically used as silicone oils (dimethylpolysiloxanes, methylphenylpolysiloxanes, polyether-modified methylalkylpolysiloxanes), oligomeric titanates and silanes, polyamines, salts of long-chain polyamines and polycarboxylic acids, AmirVAmid-functional polyesters or A ⁇ jin / amide-functional polyacrylates.
- Additives from the substance classes mentioned are commercially available in a wide variety.
- the commercial products in the context of advantageous of the method according to the invention can be added as an additive, for example, Aerosil ® 200 (fumed silica, Degussa), Bentone ® SD-1, SD-2, 34, 52 and 57 (bentonite, Rheox) Bentone ® SD-3, 27 and 38 (hectorite, Rheox), Tixogel ® EZ 100 or VP-A (organically modified smectite, Südchemie), Tixogel ® VG, VP and VZ (montmorillonite loaded with QAV, Südchemie), Disperbyk ® 161 (block copolymer , Byk-Chemie), Borchigen ® ND (sulfo group-free ion exchanger, Borchers), Ser-Ad ® FA 601 (servo), Solsperse ® (aromatic ethoxylate, ICI), Surfy
- auxiliaries mentioned can be used in varying amounts in the rinse aid particles to be treated according to the invention, depending on the coating material and active substance.
- Usual use concentrations for the abovementioned anti-settling, anti-floating, thioxotropic and dispersing agents are in the range from 0.5 to 8.0% by weight, preferably between 1.0 and 5.0% by weight, and particularly preferably between 1.5 and 3.0% by weight, based in each case on the total amount of coating substance and active substances.
- particulate rinse aid preferably to be pressed into the trough contain further auxiliaries from the group of anti-settling agents, floating agents, anti-floating agents, thixotropic agents and dispersing agents in Amounts of 0.5 to 9% by weight, preferably between 1 and 7.5% by weight, and particularly preferably between 1.5 and 5% by weight, in each case based on the particle weight.
- emulsifiers from the group of fatty alcohols, fatty acids, polyglycerol esters and polyoxyalkylene siloxanes are particularly suitable. Further details on the manufacture of the rinse aid articles according to the invention follow below.
- Fatty alcohols are understood to mean the alcohols with 6 to 22 carbon atoms obtainable from native fats or oils via the corresponding fatty acids (see below). Depending on the origin of the fat or oil from which they are obtained, these alcohols can be substituted in the alkyl chain or partially unsaturated.
- C 6 are therefore preferred as emulsifiers in the rinse aid articles according to the invention.
- 22 fatty alcohols preferably C 8 . 22 fatty alcohols and especially C 12 . 18 fatty alcohols with particular preference for C ] 6 . I8 fatty alcohols.
- fatty acids obtained from vegetable or animal oils and fats can also be used as emulsifiers.
- the fatty acids can be saturated or mono- to polyunsaturated regardless of their physical state. In the case of unsaturated fatty acids too, the species which are solid at room temperature are preferred over the liquid or pasty ones.
- pure fatty acids can be used, but also the technical fatty acid mixtures obtained from the cleavage of fats and oils, these mixtures again being clearly preferred from an economic point of view.
- individual species or mixtures of the following acids can be used as emulsifiers in the context of the present invention: caprylic acid, pelargonic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, octadecan-12-ol Acid, arachic acid, behenic acid, lignoceric acid, cerotinic acid, melissic acid, 10-undecenoic acid, petroselinic acid, petroselaidic acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid, ricinoleic acid, linolaidic acid, ⁇ - and ß-eläosterainic acid, gadoleic acid, erucic acid, brassidic acid.
- the fatty acids with an odd number of carbon atoms can also be used, for example undecanoic acid, tridecanoic acid, pentadecanoic acid, heptadecanoic acid, nonadecanoic acid, heneicosanoic acid, tricosanoic acid, pentacosanoic acid, heptacosanoic acid.
- C ⁇ fatty acids preferably C 8 are used as emulsifier (s). 22 fatty acids and especially C 12 . I8 fatty acids with particular preference given to the C 16 _ ⁇ fatty acids.
- particularly preferred emulsifiers are polyglycine esters, in particular esters of fatty acids with polyglycerols. These preferred polyglycerol esters can be described by the general formula V.
- R 1 in each glycerol unit is independently H or a fatty acyl radical having 8 to 22 carbon atoms, preferably having 12 to 18 carbon atoms, and n is a number between 2 and 15, preferably between 3 and 10.
- This standard cosmetic work contains, for example, information on the keywords POLYGLYCERYL-3-BEESWAX, POLYGLYCERYL-3-CETYL ETHER, POLYGLYCERYL-4-COCOATE, POLYGLYCERYL-10-DECALINOLEATE, POLY- GLYCERYL-10-DECAOLEATE, POLYGLYCERYL-10-DECASTEARATE, POLY- GLYCERYL-2-DIISOSTEARATE, POLYGLYCERYL-3-DIISOSTEARATE, POLY- GLYCERYL-10-DIISOSTEARATE, POLYGLYCERYL-3-DIOLEGLYLATE-2-DIOLEATE 6-DIOLEATE, POL YGL YCERYL- 10- DIOLEATE. POLYGLYCERYL-3-DISTEARATE, POLYGLYCERYL-6-
- POLYGLYCERYL-2-TETRASTEARATE POLYGLYCERYL-2-TRIISOSTEARATE.
- POLYGLYCERYL-6-TRISTEARATE The commercially available products from different manufacturers, which are classified under the abovementioned keywords in the work mentioned, can advantageously be used as emulsifiers in process step b) according to the invention.
- emulsifiers which can be used in the rinse aid articles according to the invention are substituted silicones which carry side chains reacted with ethylene or propylene oxide.
- Such polyoxyalkylene siloxanes can be described by the general formula VI R 1 R 1 R 1
- each radical R 1 independently of one another for -CH 3 or a polyoxyethylene or propylene group - [CH (R 2 ) -CH 2 -O] x H group, R 2 for -H or -CH 3 , x for a number between 1 and 100, preferably between 2 and 20 and in particular less than 10, and n indicates the degree of polymerization of the silicone.
- the polyoxyalkylenesiloxanes mentioned can also be etherified or esterified on the free OH groups of the polyoxyethylene or polyoxypropylene side chains.
- the unetherified and unesterified polymer made from dimethylsiloxane with polyoxyethylene and / or polyoxypropylene is referred to in the INCI nomenclature as DIMETHICONE COPOLYOL and is known under the trade names Abil ® B (Goldschmidt), Alkasil ® (Rhönen-Poulenc), Silwet ® (Union Carbide) or Belsil ® DMC 6031 commercially available.
- the DIMETHICONE COPOLYOL ACETATE esterified with acetic acid for example Belsil "DMC 6032, -33 and -35, Wacker
- the DIMETHICONE COPOLYOL BUTYL ETHER for example KF352A, Shin Etsu
- acetic acid for example Belsil "DMC 6032, -33 and -35, Wacker
- DIMETHICONE COPOLYOL BUTYL ETHER for example KF352A, Shin Etsu
- emulsifiers that they can be used over a wide range.
- emulsifiers of the type mentioned make up 1 to 25% by weight, preferably 2 to 20% by weight and in particular 5 to 10% by weight of the weight of the sum of shell materials and active substances.
- Particulate rinse aids to be preferably pressed in the context of the present invention additionally contain emulsifiers from the group of fatty alcohols, fatty acids, polyglycerol esters and / or polyoxyalkylene siloxanes in amounts of 0.1 to 5% by weight, preferably 0.2 to 3.5 % By weight, particularly preferably from 0.5 to 2% by weight and in particular from 0.75 to 1.25% by weight, in each case based on the particle weight.
- active substance-containing particles preferably solution-delayed, particles have been pressed to form active substance shaped bodies c) which are subsequently applied to one or more surfaces of the shaped body according to the invention.
- active substance-containing particles themselves can also be used as further active substance Step c) of the method according to the invention are applied to one or more surfaces of the molded bodies according to the invention.
- the particles can be used directly or after their tableting as active substance c).
- the particles can be both in terms of their particle size, as well as in terms of their bulk density and their genesis, i.e. the method used to manufacture them can be freely selected.
- dust can. Powders, granules, extrudates. Press agglomerates, compactates, flakes, flakes, etc. are applied as particles directly as active substance c) or are tabletted into an active substance shaped body c).
- particulate preparations which are applied either directly or after tableting to one or more shaped body surfaces can also be produced by other processes, which is preferred in the context of the present invention. For this purpose, in particular, grouting, pastilling or shingling are possible.
- the method which is preferably used according to the invention for the production of measurable particles comprises the production of granular bodies meltable substances, whereby the melt from the respective ingredients is sprayed onto the top of a tower in a defined droplet size, solidifies in free fall and the prills are obtained as granules at the bottom of the tower.
- all gases can be used as the cold gas stream, the temperature of the gas being below the melting temperature of the melt.
- cooled gases are often used, for example with frozen air or even with liquid nitrogen, which is injected into the spray towers.
- the grain size of the prills produced can be varied by the choice of the droplet size, particle sizes which are technically simple to implement being in the range from 0.5 to 2 mm, preferably around 1 mm. lie.
- a further embodiment of the present invention therefore provides for the production of pelletized detergent components, in which a melt is metered onto cooled pelletizing plates, the pastilles then being applied directly to one or more shaped body surfaces or being tabletted prior to application.
- Pastilling which is also sometimes referred to as pelleting, comprises metering the melt from the respective ingredients onto rotating, inclined plates which have a temperature below the melting temperature of the melt and are preferably cooled below room temperature.
- process variants can be carried out in which the pastilles are frozen.
- measures must be taken to prevent the condensation of air humidity.
- the pastillation provides larger particles which have sizes between 2 and 10 mm, preferably between 3 and 6 mm, in technically customary processes.
- Another possible sub-step of the present invention is therefore a method for producing particulate detergent components, in which a melt is applied or sprayed onto a cooling roll, the solidified melt is scraped off and, if necessary, comminuted. The particles obtained can then be tabletted into active substance shaped bodies c) or used directly as active substance c).
- the use of cooling rollers enables the desired particle size range to be easily set, which in this method can also be below 1 mm, for example 200 to 700 ⁇ m.
- the active substances to be applied in step c) can be applied not only in solid but also in highly viscous form to one or more surfaces of the molded body.
- the active substance, which is applied in step c) in highly viscous form can later be converted into the solid form, for example by cooling, chemical reaction, hardening, etc.
- the active substance itself to be in highly viscous form; rather, for example, solid or liquid active substance can be embedded in a highly viscous matrix.
- the term “highly viscous” denotes liquids or pastes that can be metered, the viscosity of which is so high that the metered amount of the highly viscous mass no longer runs down or smears from the surface of the molded body. Usually these are viscosities above 1 Pas, preferably above 10 Pas and in particular above 100 Pas.
- An advantage of this type of application of active substance is the high dosing accuracy, which is +/- 1%.
- process step c) is carried out at temperatures which are at most 10 ° C., preferably at most 5 ° C. and in particular at most 2 ° C. above the Solidification temperature of the highly viscous, post-curing mass or the pasty substance.
- adhesion promoters are suitable, for example, as highly viscous compositions which can be applied to the molded body in step c).
- Melt suspensions or melt emulsions of active substances in waxes, paraffins, polyethylene glycols etc. can be applied according to the invention to one or more molded body surfaces, where solidification is achieved by suitable aftertreatment (cooling).
- the active substance itself can be melted or otherwise converted into a highly viscous form which allows subsequent hardening, it is of course possible and preferred to use the active substance alone and to dispense with the use of additional matrix materials.
- Preferred methods according to the invention are characterized in that in step c) further active substance in the form of highly viscous, post-curing compositions, in particular melts, is applied to one or more surfaces of the molded body.
- plastic materials which can also be used as a medium for the application of active substance in the context of the present invention.
- plastic masses or substances in plastic form are in To understand within the scope of the present application substances which show the phenomenon of plasticity, that is to say show permanent deformations when subjected to external forces.
- pseudoplastic materials plastic materials have a yield point; Plastic flow only occurs above this limit.
- the cooling melts of waxes or paraffins mentioned above also show plastic behavior within a certain temperature range (in the sense of: deformability). Strictly speaking, the border area between plasticity and viscosity is called viscoplasticity.
- step c) further active substance in the form of plastic masses is applied to one or more surfaces of the molded body.
- Plastic masses - like the pseudoplastic ones mentioned - have the advantage over the solid active substances to be applied that process step d), the optional post-forming, is particularly easy to carry out.
- One embodiment of the method according to the invention therefore provides for a dosing unit of a plastic mass to be applied to a molded body surface and to be pressed onto the surface by means of a molding tool pressed onto the surface and simultaneously molded. This step d) is described below.
- deformable substances In addition to the application of deformable substances to flat molded body surfaces, such substances can also be introduced into cavities of the molded body and fixed by the post-deformation step d). It is possible according to the invention, for example, to deform a deformable mass and to press these prills onto the molded body. It is preferred here to press the prills mentioned into cavities of the molded body, preferably depressions.
- Prilling is a shaping method known to the person skilled in the art for the production of granular bodies from meltable substances by solidifying the drops of a sprayed melt, the substances being sprayed in at the top of a tower in a defined droplet size, freezing in free fall and solidifying at the bottom of the tower accumulate as granules.
- prills can be further treated before being pressed or pressed onto the molded body surfaces or cavities, for example by surface treatment. It is of course also possible to produce compacts from the prills in a preceding process step, which are bonded to the molded body in step d) of the process according to the invention. If mold bodies are filled with such compacts, the compacts preferably have a shape that matches the mold shape.
- step c) all ingredients of detergents and cleaning agents can be applied to the surface of the molded body as active substances in step c), the adhesion being ensured or increased if necessary by means of adhesion promoters and matrix substances. If the corresponding active substance (s) are removed simultaneously from the premix of the tableting in step a), an active substance separation results which can impart advantageous properties to the entire molded article.
- the active substance (s) which are applied to one or more surfaces of the molded body in step c) are selected from the group of enzymes, bleaching agents, bleach activators, surfactants, corrosion inhibitors, scale inhibitors, cobuilders and / or fragrances . Soil repellent polymers can also be applied preferably in step c).
- bleaching agents as the active substance, so that preferred processes are characterized in that the active substance (s) which are applied to one or more surfaces of the molded body in step c) are selected from the group of oxygen - or halogen bleach, especially chlorine bleach.
- the active substance (s) which are applied to one or more surfaces of the molded body in step c) are selected from the group of bleach activators, in particular from the groups of polyacylated alkylenediamines, in particular Tetraacetylethylene cumin (TAED), the N-acylimides, especially N-nonanoylsuccinimide (NOSI), the acylated phenol sulfonates, especially n-nonanoyl- or isononanoyloxybenzenesulfonate (n- or iso-NOBS), n-methyl-Mo ⁇ holiniumsulfonium (acetonitrile) ).
- the bleaching catalysts described, such as Mn and Co complexes, etc. can also be used here analogously.
- the method according to the invention allows, in step c), the application of a single metering unit of the additional active substance as well as the application of several metering units up to several hundred “sprinkles”.
- the active substance in step c) is applied in the form of a single metering unit, the volume of which is 0.05 to 1 times, preferably 0.1 to 0.75 and in particular 0.15 to 0.5 times the volume of the molded body, If several dosing units are to be applied, methods are preferred in which the active substance in step c) is applied in the form of 2 to 20 dosing units to one or more surfaces of the molded body, the volume of one of these dosing units 0.0025 to 0.5 times, preferably 0.005 to 0.375 times and especially 0.0075 to 0.25 times the volume of the For mgro ⁇ ers, on which the active substance is applied.
- the “scattering” of the entire molded body (or individual surfaces thereof) is particularly preferred, so that particularly preferred processes are characterized in that the active substance in step c) in the form of more than 20, preferably more than 50 and in particular from more than 100 dosing units is applied to one or more surfaces of the molded body.
- the active substances applied to the molded body surface (s) are optionally post-formed. This is particularly preferred in the case of the application of one or fewer dosing units in step c) if highly viscous or plastic compositions have been applied there.
- the post-forming can be carried out by pressing a molding tool onto the relevant molding body side (s), whereby it also it is possible to have rollers with a structured surface roll over the side of the molded body.
- Two-layer rectangular molded bodies were produced by pressing two different premixes.
- the molded bodies consisted of 75% by weight of the lower and 25% by weight of the upper phase.
- the following table shows the composition (in% by weight, based on the respective premix) of the two premixes and thus of the two different phases of the mold body:
- a melt was prepared by heating paraffin (melting point 57-60 ° C.), which was applied to the top of the molded body.
- paraffin melting point 57-60 ° C.
- lower-melting paraffins mp. 50-55 ° C
- PEG 1550 mp. 45-50 ° C
- PEG 3000 mp. 50-56 ° C
- PEG 4000 or mixtures of these substances can be used.
- MMA n-methyl-Mo ⁇ holinium-acetonitrile-methyl sulfate
- the filled moldings were left to cool at room temperature and then individually packed.
- 16 l of cold city water (16 ° d) are briefly heated to boiling in a water treatment boiler.
- 96 g of black tea are drawn in the nylon net with the lid closed for 5 minutes and the tea is transferred to a diving apparatus with heating and agitator.
- teacups are dipped into the prepared tea brew 25 times at one-minute intervals at 70 ° C. The cups are then removed and placed on a tray with the opening facing down to dry.
- 225 g minced meat were mixed with 75 whole eggs, mixed with 80 ml water and then homogenized with a kitchen mixer. 3 g of this mixture were distributed on a white porcelain plate using a fork and dried at 120 ° C. for 2 hours .
- the above-mentioned minced mixture was distributed in glass dishes using a spade-shaped rubber squeegee and allowed to bake for 10 minutes in a drying oven preheated to 200 ° C.
- a melt was prepared by heating PEG and was applied in a punctiform manner to the top of the tablet 1.
- Tablet 2 was glued to the tablet 1 provided with adhesion promoter.
- a two-layer tablet was formed by allowing the molded body to cool to room temperature.
- the comparison molded article V was produced according to the known state of the art on a rotary press, by compressing the premixes for tablets 1 and 2 in a ratio of 18: 7 grams to a conventional two-phase tablet.
- the dissolution behavior of the two tablets was then determined.
- 2 liters of deionized water 25 ° C.
- the tablets were immersed in a wire basket, and dissolved with stirring using a propeller stirrer (diameter 4.5 cm, 800 revolutions per minute).
- a heating source was switched on, which heats the water to 55 ° C at a rate of 3 ° C / minute and registers the conductivity as a function of time.
- the conductivity maximum of the two-layer tablet was reached after 12 minutes, that of the conventional two-phase tablet after 21 minutes.
- the two-layer tablet also delivers better cleaning performance on enzymatic soiling.
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
- Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Cleaning By Liquid Or Steam (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE19909271 | 1999-03-03 | ||
DE19909271 | 1999-03-03 | ||
DE19932568 | 1999-07-13 | ||
DE19932568 | 1999-07-13 | ||
PCT/EP2000/001473 WO2000052127A1 (de) | 1999-03-03 | 2000-02-23 | Verfahren zur herstellung mehrphasiger wasch- und reinigungsmittelformkörper |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP1157090A1 true EP1157090A1 (de) | 2001-11-28 |
EP1157090B1 EP1157090B1 (de) | 2005-09-21 |
EP1157090B2 EP1157090B2 (de) | 2014-08-27 |
Family
ID=26052165
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP00909239.6A Expired - Lifetime EP1157090B2 (de) | 1999-03-03 | 2000-02-23 | Verfahren zur herstellung mehrphasiger wasch- und reinigungsmittelformkörper |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP1157090B2 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE305028T1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU3159300A (de) |
CA (1) | CA2299926A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE50011215D1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2248050T5 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2000052127A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE19963570A1 (de) * | 1999-12-29 | 2001-07-26 | Reckitt Benckiser Nv | Zusammensetzung zur Verwendung in einer Geschirrspülmaschine mit einer Basiszusammensetzung in Form einer Tablette |
GB0015350D0 (en) * | 2000-06-23 | 2000-08-16 | Reckitt Benckiser Nv | Improvements in or relating to compositions |
DE10061421A1 (de) * | 2000-12-09 | 2002-06-20 | Henkel Kgaa | Verfahren zur Herstellung geklebter Formkörper |
EP1239026B1 (de) * | 2001-03-05 | 2005-11-02 | Unilever Plc | Waschmitteltabletten |
DE602004007570T2 (de) * | 2003-04-16 | 2008-03-20 | Unilever N.V. | Verfahren zur Herstellung mehrphasiger Reinigungstabletten mit einer glatten Phase |
EP1568762A1 (de) * | 2004-02-19 | 2005-08-31 | Unilever N.V. | Waschmitteltabletten und deren Herstellung |
DE102004011256B4 (de) * | 2004-03-09 | 2007-11-15 | Henkel Kgaa | Mehrphasentabletten mit verbesserter Duftwahrnehmung |
GB2415200A (en) | 2004-06-19 | 2005-12-21 | Reckitt Benckiser Nv | Process for producing a detergent tablet |
DE102004051619A1 (de) | 2004-10-22 | 2006-04-27 | Henkel Kgaa | Wasch- oder Reinigungsmittel |
DE102004062327A1 (de) * | 2004-12-20 | 2006-06-29 | Henkel Kgaa | Mehrphasiger Wasch- oder Reinigungsmittelformkörper |
DE102011107684A1 (de) * | 2011-07-13 | 2013-01-17 | Budich International Gmbh | Chlorhaltige Reinigertablette für Toiletten |
CN106544158A (zh) * | 2016-11-01 | 2017-03-29 | 青岛净世家环保技术有限公司 | 一种抗菌消毒防霉洗衣机清洗剂制备方法 |
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CA1182371A (en) * | 1980-12-18 | 1985-02-12 | Jeyes Group Limited | Lavatory cleansing blocks |
US5133892A (en) † | 1990-10-17 | 1992-07-28 | Lever Brothers Company, Division Of Conopco, Inc. | Machine dishwashing detergent tablets |
US5837663A (en) * | 1996-12-23 | 1998-11-17 | Lever Brothers Company, Division Of Conopco, Inc. | Machine dishwashing tablets containing a peracid |
GB2327949A (en) † | 1997-08-02 | 1999-02-10 | Procter & Gamble | Detergent tablet |
GB2331994A (en) † | 1997-12-02 | 1999-06-09 | Procter & Gamble | Detergent tablet |
CA2278557C (en) * | 1997-11-26 | 2002-08-13 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Multi-layer detergent tablet having both compressed and non-compressed portions |
EP1034250B1 (de) † | 1997-11-26 | 2005-01-26 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Waschmitteltablette |
GB9802390D0 (en) * | 1998-02-04 | 1998-04-01 | Unilever Plc | Detergent compositions |
EP1095130B1 (de) * | 1998-07-15 | 2002-10-30 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien | Verfahren zur herstellung mehrphasiger wasch- und reinigungsmittelformkörper |
TR200100095T2 (tr) * | 1998-07-17 | 2001-12-21 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Deterjan tableti. |
DE19834181B4 (de) † | 1998-07-29 | 2006-06-01 | Reckitt Benckiser N.V. | Zusammensetzung zur Verwendung in einer Waschmaschine |
-
2000
- 2000-02-23 WO PCT/EP2000/001473 patent/WO2000052127A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 2000-02-23 DE DE50011215T patent/DE50011215D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-02-23 EP EP00909239.6A patent/EP1157090B2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-02-23 AT AT00909239T patent/ATE305028T1/de active
- 2000-02-23 AU AU31593/00A patent/AU3159300A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-02-23 ES ES00909239.6T patent/ES2248050T5/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-03-03 CA CA002299926A patent/CA2299926A1/en not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO0052127A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU3159300A (en) | 2000-09-21 |
WO2000052127A1 (de) | 2000-09-08 |
CA2299926A1 (en) | 2000-09-03 |
EP1157090B1 (de) | 2005-09-21 |
DE50011215D1 (de) | 2005-10-27 |
EP1157090B2 (de) | 2014-08-27 |
ATE305028T1 (de) | 2005-10-15 |
ES2248050T5 (es) | 2014-11-11 |
ES2248050T3 (es) | 2006-03-16 |
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