EP1153154A1 - Verfahren und anordnung zum thermischen beschichten von flächen eines innenraumes, insbesondere von zylinderlaufflächen eines zylinderkurbelgehäuses einer verbrennungskraftmaschine - Google Patents
Verfahren und anordnung zum thermischen beschichten von flächen eines innenraumes, insbesondere von zylinderlaufflächen eines zylinderkurbelgehäuses einer verbrennungskraftmaschineInfo
- Publication number
- EP1153154A1 EP1153154A1 EP99963378A EP99963378A EP1153154A1 EP 1153154 A1 EP1153154 A1 EP 1153154A1 EP 99963378 A EP99963378 A EP 99963378A EP 99963378 A EP99963378 A EP 99963378A EP 1153154 A1 EP1153154 A1 EP 1153154A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cylinder
- cylinder crankcase
- crankcase
- cover
- stenciling
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B13/00—Machines or plants for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces of objects or other work by spraying, not covered by groups B05B1/00 - B05B11/00
- B05B13/06—Machines or plants for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces of objects or other work by spraying, not covered by groups B05B1/00 - B05B11/00 specially designed for treating the inside of hollow bodies
- B05B13/0627—Arrangements of nozzles or spray heads specially adapted for treating the inside of hollow bodies
- B05B13/0636—Arrangements of nozzles or spray heads specially adapted for treating the inside of hollow bodies by means of rotatable spray heads or nozzles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/01—Selective coating, e.g. pattern coating, without pre-treatment of the material to be coated
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for the thermal coating of surfaces of an interior with the features mentioned in the preamble of claim 1 and an arrangement for the thermal coating of surfaces of an interior with the features mentioned in the preamble of claim 9.
- thermal coating for example a plasma coating
- a coating material in particular a metal
- a flame melted in it and deposited on a substrate.
- coatings with different properties in particular with desired sliding properties, hardness properties, layer thicknesses or the like, can be achieved.
- an aluminum engine block is known from US Pat. No. 2,588,422, the cylinder raceways of which have a thermally sprayed coating.
- GB 2 050 434 A discloses various coatings obtained by thermal spraying. These coatings are on steel or cast parts of internal combustion engines, such as piston rings or cylinder liners.
- Another coating for cylinder liners is known from DE AS 21 46 153, in which a plasma coating is described.
- the invention has for its object to provide an arrangement of the generic type with which a safe, in particular the use of a cylinder crankcase thermal coating is not negatively influencing is possible in a simple manner.
- the invention is also based on the object of specifying a method of the generic type with which a reliable thermal coating is possible in a simple manner.
- this object is achieved by a method having the features mentioned in claim 1.
- the fact that at least before the pretreatment and / or before the coating of the surfaces to be treated, the areas of the cylinder crankcase are covered where no treatment is to be carried out in the processing station, is advantageously achieved that the material-removing or material-applying work steps actually only on those to be treated Surfaces act and all other areas of the cylinder crankcase are protected.
- a previously set dimensional accuracy of the cylinder crankcase is not adversely affected by the coating and the pretreatment or aftertreatment required for the coating.
- This makes it possible in a reproducible manner to treat a large number of cylinder crankcases which are within the specified and to be observed dimensional tolerances.
- accidental contamination of further interiors provided in the cylinder crankcase, such as coolant channels, fitting bores or the like is avoided so that their later function is not impaired.
- each cylinder crankcase to be thermally coated at least in regions can be provided continuously, for example in continuous production, with a cover template. This then takes over the protection of the other areas during the entire pretreatment and the actual thermal coating of the surfaces of the interior, in particular the cylinder running surfaces of cylinder bores.
- the stenciling takes place separately with respect to the pretreatment and the thermal coating. This advantageously makes it possible to use cover templates which are matched to the respective treatment steps or treatment methods used, so that optimum protection of the other areas of the cylinder crankcase which are not to be treated is provided.
- the processing sections are assigned a device for stenciling the cylinder crankcase
- stenciling of the cylinder crankcase can be achieved in a simple manner, at least during pretreatment and during thermal coating.
- the device comprises a turntable which can be rotated in defined steps by means of a drive about its axis of rotation, so that a cover template can be brought into a defined position in relation to the cylinder crankcases within the machining section. This advantageously ensures that a cover template can be brought into position in a simple manner, which is in a defined position relative to a cylinder crankcase to be treated.
- the turntable can be used to move the cover template into the processing position in a simple and space-saving manner.
- the turntable has a plurality of, in particular four, receptacles which are offset by 90 ° from one another for receiving a respective cover template.
- a cover template can be brought into the machining position by rotating the turntable step by step by 90 °.
- the device for stenciling the cylinder crankcases is assigned a cleaning device by means of which used cover stencils can be cleaned.
- a covering template used for covering can be cleaned immediately after use and prepared for further use.
- the combination with the turntable can so very advantageous for each machining section on which the cylinder crankcase is to be covered, continuous operation is maintained by means of at least two, in particular four, cover templates. While one cover template is in the processing position, a second cover template can be in the cleaning position. Material and space requirements can be optimized to a minimum through such a design.
- the cleaning device can preferably be formed by a sleeve exchange machine, by means of which sealing sleeves in the cover templates can be exchanged.
- a sleeve exchange machine By using new or regenerated wear sleeves, the dimensional accuracy of the cylinder surfaces to be machined can be achieved with great accuracy.
- Figure 1 is a schematic view of a processing station for thermal
- Figure 2 is a schematic side view of a processing section of the
- Figure 3 is a schematic plan view of the machining section according to
- FIG. 1 schematically shows a processing station 10 for the thermal coating of cylinder running surfaces of cylinder crankcases 12. Only one cylinder crankcase 12 is indicated in each case, this also only having indicated cylinder bores 14, here four. The walls delimiting the cylinder bores 14, that is to say the cylinder running surfaces, are to be coated by means of the processing station 10. The coating is done using a plasma coating technique. In the context of the present description, the actual process of plasma coating is not dealt with in more detail, since this is known.
- the cylinder crankcases 12 are moved through the processing station 10 by means of a transport path 16, for example a roller conveyor or the like.
- the processing station 10 comprises processing sections 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34 and 36. The individual processing sections will be briefly discussed below.
- FIG. 1 details such as drives, locks, inlets and outlets for gases, electrical energy or other media, control and monitoring devices or the like have been omitted for reasons of clarity.
- the processing section 18 comprises a feed station at which the cylinder crankcases are transferred to the processing station 10.
- the cylinder crankcases 12 have already been manufactured in a manner not to be considered in detail here and are mechanically finished with all the necessary functional elements, such as, for example, cylinder bores, coolant channels, fitting bores or the like.
- the processing section 20 comprises a washing or cleaning station, within which the cylinder crankcases are completely washed free of chips and oil. Furthermore, the cylinder surfaces to be coated are dried and degreased absolutely. The absence of chips and oil is achieved, for example, by an injection flood wash, with critical areas, such as undercuts, bores, cavities or the like, being cleaned at high pressure by targeted injection of a wash liquor. Degreasing is carried out, for example, by superheated steam, which is conducted, for example, by appropriately designed lances onto the cylinder running surfaces of the cylinder crankcase 12.
- the superheated steam for example, has a temperature of 130 ° C to 160 ° C and is introduced at a pressure of approximately 150 to 180 mbar.
- the subsequent drying of the cylinder crankcase is preferably carried out under vacuum, for example at a negative pressure of 80 to 120 mbar.
- a so-called stenciling of the cylinder crankcase 12 takes place.
- the previously cleaned and dried cylinder crankcase 12 is provided with a cover template 38.
- the cover template 38 has openings 40 indicated here.
- the openings 40 are aligned with the cylinder bores 14, so that the cylinder bores 14 remain accessible from above through the openings 40 when the cover template 38 is applied.
- the cover template 38 is designed such that all other areas of the cylinder crankcase 12 are covered by the latter. This applies in particular to coolant channels, fitting bores or the like.
- the cover template 38 can be placed on the cylinder crankcase 12 manually or by a corresponding gripper or the like.
- the cover template 38 has an exact flat underside, which rests on the cylinder head surface of the cylinder crankcase 12 that has already been ground or milled. To fix the cover template 38, this can have fixing pins, not shown in detail here, which engage, for example, in fitting holes provided anyway in the cylinder crankcase 12, for example for later attachment of a cylinder head.
- the cover template 38 is made of a material that is resistant to the subsequent processing. In particular, this has a sufficiently high strength against a sandblast attack and against a plasma treatment and the like.
- the cover template 38 here lies only on the cylinder crankcase 12 due to its own weight.
- Sandblasting of the cylinder bores 14 takes place in the machining section 24. This sandblasting is carried out in order to achieve a roughness of the cylinder running surfaces so that the plasma coating taking place in the machining section 32 obtains the necessary adhesive tensile strength.
- at least one blasting lance possibly two or more blasting lances, is introduced into the cylinder bores 14 simultaneously or in succession. The lances reach through the openings 40 of the cover template 38.
- Sandblasting is carried out, for example, with aluminum oxide Al 2 O 3 with a grain size of 0.18 to 1.18 mm depending on the required surface roughness, based on the substrate alloy of the cylinder crankcase or the adhesive tensile strength of the subsequent plasma coating.
- the sandblasting is preferably carried out using a double sandblasting unit which has two sandblasting lances.
- the cylinder bores 1 are simultaneously sandblasted and 3, that is to say cylinder bores 14 which are not immediately adjacent. This makes better handling possible in the case of relatively limited space available, which depend on the pitch of the cylinder bores 14. This also halves the machining time for a complete cylinder crankcase 12, since two cylinder bores are machined simultaneously.
- either the cylinder crankcase 12 or the sandblasting unit is moved by the pitch of the cylinder bore 14 so that the cylinder bores 2 and 4 can then be sandblasted.
- the sandblasting takes place through the openings 40 of the cover templates 38, that is, the blasting lances are introduced through the cover template 38 into the cylinder bores 14. All other areas of the cylinder crankcase 12 are protected by the cover template 38 so that they do not come into contact with the sandblasting agent applied under pressure, so that the surfaces thereof are not impaired in any way.
- the action of the sand blasting takes place exclusively on the cylinder running surfaces of the cylinder bores 14.
- the sandblasted cylinder crankcase 12 is then cleaned in the machining section 26 by removing dust, in particular very fine dust, from the cylinder bores 14 by the sandblasting.
- This can be done, for example, by cleaned, de-oiled and water-free compressed air, for example with a pressure of approximately 5 to 6 bar, with simultaneous suction of the dusts.
- all cylinder bores 14 are cleaned, that is, blown out and suctioned out, at the same time.
- the cylinder crankcase 12 is measured, in particular a roughness measurement of the cylinder surfaces.
- the measurement can be carried out fully automatically using suitable devices, for example photogrammetry.
- all cylinder bores 14 or only one of the cylinder bores 14 or a cylinder bore 14 of each nth cylinder crankcase 12 can be measured on a random basis.
- the processing section 30 within which the cylinder crankcase 12 is marked. If the measurement shows that the roughness lies outside the specified tolerances, the corresponding cylinder crankcase 12 can be sorted out and, if necessary, fed back to the sandblasting station.
- the number of the maximum possible blasting processes is limited. Becomes a faulty cylinder crankcase, the frequency of the roughness measurement can be increased.
- the plasma coating is carried out in a manner known per se, in that a coating material, in particular a metal, is fed to a flame, melted out in the flame and deposited on the cylinder surfaces.
- a coating atmosphere for example oxygen and / or nitrogen or another process gas for stabilizing the flame and / or for regulating the oxide content in the plasma layer, is also supplied.
- the plasma coating of the cylinder surfaces can be carried out individually for each of the cylinder bores 14 or, similarly to sandblasting, by means of a double plasma unit, by means of which the cylinder bores 1 and 3 and subsequently the cylinder bores 2 and 4 are coated.
- the cover template 38 still located on the cylinder crankcase 12 reliably prevents impairment, in particular contamination, of regions of the cylinder crankcase 12 that are not to be coated.
- the cylinder crankcases are transferred to the processing section 34.
- This can optionally be part of a cooling zone.
- a separate cooling zone is provided between the plasma coating in the processing section 32 and the processing section 34.
- the cover template 38 is removed. This is removed from the cylinder crankcase 12 either manually or by auxiliary devices. Since the cover template 38 rests only on the cylinder crankcase 12 due to its own weight, additional measures for removing the cover template 38 are not necessary. Finally, the cylinder crankcase 12 is removed in a machining section 36 of the machining station 10 and fed to further machining, for example honing the plasma-coated cylinder bores 14, to attaching an inlet chamfer to the cylinder bores 14. Furthermore, the cylinder crankcase 12 can be marked in the section 36. The cylinder crankcase 12 is marked, for example, by a serial number or the like.
- the openings 40 of the cover template 38 are slightly larger than the cylinder bores 14, so that a corresponding edge coating of the edge regions of the cylinder crankcase 12 surrounding the cylinder bores 14 takes place. It is hereby advantageously achieved that the later chamfer area has a correspondingly high adhesive tensile strength against cutting forces of the chamfering tool and the plasma coating is not damaged during the chamfering.
- the covering templates are applied in the processing section 22 and removed in the processing section 34.
- the covering templates 38 used in accordance with this exemplary embodiment must therefore be suitable both for sandblasting in the processing section 24 and for plasma coating in the processing section 32. Since on the one hand it is a material-removing process and on the other hand it is a material-applying process, the cover template 38 has to do justice to both mutually opposing processes.
- the stenciling of the cylinder crankcase 12 is illustrated in a further exemplary embodiment with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3.
- a schematic side view and a schematic top view of the machining section 24 or the machining section 32 are shown.
- the basic structure within the processing sections 24 and 32 is the same. The only differences are the sandblasting devices as tools and the plasma coating devices as tools. However, this will not be dealt with in more detail in the context of the present description.
- the stenciling of the cylinder crankcase 12 is decisive both in the case of sandblasting in the machining section 24 and in the case of plasma coating in the machining section 32.
- a cylinder crankcase 12 is arranged on a lifting table 42.
- the lifting table 42 is integrated in the transport path 16. This is done in such a way that the cylinder crankcase 12 is transported by means of the transport path 16 into the respective processing sections 24 and 32 and can be transferred there into its respective processing position by means of the lifting tables 42.
- a machining tool 44 each having a lance or, according to the exemplary embodiments already explained, two or more lances 46.
- the lances 46 are designed accordingly either for sandblasting in the processing section 24 or for plasma coating in the processing section 32.
- the processing stations 24 and 32 further comprise a device, designated here overall with 50, for stenciling the cylinder crankcase 12.
- the stenciling takes place here in a processing-related manner on the one hand in the processing station 24 and on the other hand in the processing station 32.
- the device 50 comprises a turntable 52, which can be rotated about its axis of rotation 56 in defined steps by means of a drive 54.
- the turntable 52 has, as the schematic plan view in FIG. 3 better illustrates, receptacles 58 for one cover template each. From the top view it is clear that the cover templates 38 only have the openings 40, which are each assigned to the cylinder bores 14.
- the turntable 52 can be rotated step by step in a defined manner by means of the drive 54.
- the device 50 is associated with an indicated cleaning device 62, which may have a milling cutter 64, for example. Instead of the cleaning device, a device for exchanging wear sleeves, which are arranged in the template 38, can also be provided. In addition, suction devices 66 and 68, which are indicated here, are also provided.
- the device 50 shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 has the following function:
- Exactly one cover template 38 is always brought into a processing position by means of the drive 54.
- the cover template 58 has reached its exact position, which is defined by the stops 60, the cylinder crankcase 12 is moved upward, that is to say against the cover templates 38, by means of the lifting table 42.
- the openings in the cover template 38 and the cylinder bores 14 of the cylinder crankcase 12 come into an aligned position.
- either tools are used for sandblasting in accordance with processing section 24 or plasma coating in accordance with processing section 32.
- a cover template 38 As illustrated in FIG. 3, at the moment when a cover template 38 is in its processing position, viewed clockwise, a next cover template 38 is in a transition position and a cover template 38 is in a position assigned to the cleaning device 62 (sleeve exchange device). Another cover template 38 is located between the cleaning position and the processing position. It is hereby achieved that at the same time, when a cover template 38 assumes its covering function, a second cover template 38, namely this cover template 38 which is exactly offset by 180 °, is cleaned by means of the device 62.
- the milling device 64 can, for example, restore the dimensions of the openings 40 of the cover templates 38. This can be impaired, for example, by deposits during the plasma coating. The dimensional accuracy of the openings can also be achieved by replacing the corresponding wear sleeves in the cover templates.
- the turntable 52 is rotated through 90 ° in each case, so that each cylinder crankcase 12 is assigned a new (cleaned) cover template 38. This ensures a constant processing quality during sandblasting or plasma coating.
- the arrangement of the cleaning device 62 can be dispensed with in the processing station 24, since there is no additional material application that could impair the dimensional accuracy of the openings 40.
- covering templates 38 or wear sleeves that are no longer true to size can be replaced.
- automatic stenciling of the cylinder crankcase 12 is possible in a simple manner.
- the masking templates 38 can be positioned precisely, so that a constant quality can be achieved with sandblasting or with plasma coating.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19860303 | 1998-12-18 | ||
DE19860303 | 1998-12-18 | ||
DE19910577 | 1999-03-10 | ||
DE19910577A DE19910577B4 (de) | 1998-12-18 | 1999-03-10 | Verfahren und Anordnung zum thermischen Beschichten von Flächen eines Innenraumes, insbesondere von Zylinderlaufflächen eines Zylinderkurbelgehäuses einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine |
PCT/EP1999/009456 WO2000037703A1 (de) | 1998-12-18 | 1999-12-03 | Verfahren und anordnung zum thermischen beschichten von flächen eines innenraumes, insbesondere von zylinderlaufflächen eines zylinderkurbelgehäuses einer verbrennungskraftmaschine |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1153154A1 true EP1153154A1 (de) | 2001-11-14 |
EP1153154B1 EP1153154B1 (de) | 2003-11-05 |
Family
ID=26051069
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP99963378A Expired - Lifetime EP1153154B1 (de) | 1998-12-18 | 1999-12-03 | Verfahren und anordnung zum thermischen beschichten von flächen eines innenraumes, insbesondere von zylinderlaufflächen eines zylinderkurbelgehäuses einer verbrennungskraftmaschine |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1153154B1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2000037703A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102009038013A1 (de) * | 2009-08-20 | 2011-02-24 | Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg | Verfahren zur Oberflächen-Beschichtung zumindest eines Teils eines Grundkörpers |
DE102010053145B4 (de) | 2010-12-01 | 2023-08-03 | Mercedes-Benz Group AG | Anordnung zum Maskieren |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB618597A (en) * | 1945-02-19 | 1949-02-24 | Standard Telephones Cables Ltd | Method of and apparatus for spraying counter-electrode alloy on rectifier discs |
JPS5253736A (en) * | 1975-10-29 | 1977-04-30 | Osaka Uerudeingu Kougiyou Kk | Metallizing apparatus |
JPS5839772A (ja) * | 1981-08-31 | 1983-03-08 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | 金属溶射方法及び装置 |
JP3007673B2 (ja) * | 1990-10-26 | 2000-02-07 | 株式会社豊田自動織機製作所 | 塗装機のマスキング装置 |
MX9505021A (es) * | 1994-12-09 | 1997-05-31 | Ford Motor Co | Metodo para hacer bloques de motor con perforaciones de cilindro revestidas. |
US5573814A (en) * | 1995-10-30 | 1996-11-12 | Ford Motor Company | Masking cylinder bore extremities from internal thermal spraying |
-
1999
- 1999-12-03 EP EP99963378A patent/EP1153154B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-12-03 WO PCT/EP1999/009456 patent/WO2000037703A1/de active IP Right Grant
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO0037703A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2000037703A1 (de) | 2000-06-29 |
EP1153154B1 (de) | 2003-11-05 |
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