EP1144915B1 - Abfackelvorrichtung und verfahren zur gasverbrennung - Google Patents

Abfackelvorrichtung und verfahren zur gasverbrennung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1144915B1
EP1144915B1 EP99961180A EP99961180A EP1144915B1 EP 1144915 B1 EP1144915 B1 EP 1144915B1 EP 99961180 A EP99961180 A EP 99961180A EP 99961180 A EP99961180 A EP 99961180A EP 1144915 B1 EP1144915 B1 EP 1144915B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
tubes
tube
axis
devices
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP99961180A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1144915A1 (de
Inventor
Gérard Mougey
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Total Marketing Services SA
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TotalFinaElf France SA
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Publication of EP1144915A1 publication Critical patent/EP1144915A1/de
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/06—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases
    • F23G7/08—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases using flares, e.g. in stacks
    • F23G7/085—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases using flares, e.g. in stacks in stacks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04F—PUMPING OF FLUID BY DIRECT CONTACT OF ANOTHER FLUID OR BY USING INERTIA OF FLUID TO BE PUMPED; SIPHONS
    • F04F5/00—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow
    • F04F5/44—Component parts, details, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04F5/02 - F04F5/42
    • F04F5/46—Arrangements of nozzles
    • F04F5/466—Arrangements of nozzles with a plurality of nozzles arranged in parallel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/62—Mixing devices; Mixing tubes
    • F23D14/64—Mixing devices; Mixing tubes with injectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L5/00—Blast-producing apparatus before the fire
    • F23L5/04—Blast-producing apparatus before the fire by induction of air for combustion, e.g. using steam jet

Definitions

  • An apparatus and method allowing better gas combustion containing in particular hydrocarbons can be used, for example, in torches from an oil refinery or on the fields of oil and gas production, for burning gases waste or gaseous emissions without emissions unburnt hydrocarbons.
  • Oil processing in a refinery results the production of waste gases and gaseous emissions, whose elimination by combustion in gas burning, called “torches” or “gas flares” in the profession, can cause emissions toxic and smelly, fumes or noise, harmful to the environment.
  • the excess gas to be burned has a relatively low pressure and a high flow rate of up to 10 000 000 Nm 3 / day, consecutive for example, to a malfunction on a refining unit of the petroleum or at an oil or gas production site. Since the pressure of the gas to be burnt remains generally low, this does not allow aeration of the flame sufficiently activated by the pressure of the gas leaving the torch supply tube. Since the fuel-oxidant mixture in the combustion zone becomes deficient in the amount of air necessary for perfect combustion, an external supply of oxidant is therefore necessary by any means available in the art to improve the combustion of the gas.
  • GB 1,323,674 describes an apparatus of the flare type, supplied with combustible gas by at least one tube gas inlet to burn.
  • the end of the tube is surrounded of a plurality of devices arranged around it and each comprising a venturi and a supply of motor fluid.
  • FR 573 059 A describes a blowing device in which we use a pressurized fluid to drive a other fluid and give it speed.
  • a plurality of motor fluid supply tubes are arranged with substantially annularly around the axis of at least one venturi, in view of sucking the second fluid before injection in a combustion zone.
  • US 1,443,315 A and US 3,554,681 also describe devices in which injection devices of a first gas arranged in a ring at the entrance of a venturi cause a second gas in it.
  • Torch manufacturers have also considered solution which consists in bringing air into the zone of combustion by means of power fan groups high, arranged for example under the torch, and to stagger the gas distribution using automatic valves controlled by complex instrumentation.
  • This solution is difficult to apply because of the cost investment and high operating costs, and more it is made unreliable by the installation of fans under the flame in a warm atmosphere and corrosive, and also raises safety concerns due to possible fallout from liquid hydrocarbons easily flammable on hot fans.
  • the Applicant therefore carried out research with a view to to find solutions that are, at the same time, technically satisfactory, simple, reliable and whose corresponding investment cost is low, in refinery as on a production site, to obtain smoke-free combustion of a gas which may contain liquid hydrocarbons.
  • This device has the major advantage of allowing smokeless combustion even when the gas pressure is low and high throughput, and that it contains liquid hydrocarbons.
  • the invention also relates to the use of the apparatus defined above to facilitate the combustion in the atmosphere of a combustible gas supplying the gas inlet tube, while the tubes of the supply devices of the working fluid are supplied by a fluid chosen from the group consisting of air, air enriched with oxygen, water vapor or a combustible gas, this use being characterized in that the pressure of the working fluid is between 0.5 and 6.10 5 Pa and, preferably, between 1 and 3.10 5 Pa, and in that each tube transports between 1% and 33% and, preferably, between 5% and 33% of this working fluid.
  • This use eliminates the need for fans and noise from passing a fluid such as water vapor in injectors.
  • the apparatus allows, on the one hand, to reduce the consumption of engine fluid, for example the water vapor, and on the other hand to increase the reliability of installation by the absence of moving parts, such that fans, to have an implementation process easy, and offer installation costs and relatively weak operational.
  • engine fluid for example the water vapor
  • the combustion apparatus according to the invention is shown in Figure 1 as it can be installed on the top of a gas flare.
  • combustion zone 1 with an inlet of combustible gas constituted by a tube 2 of gas to burn.
  • a plurality of devices 3 for supplying working fluid under pressure.
  • the devices 3 are inclined towards the combustion zone, i.e. towards the axis BB of tube 2, their axes of symmetry AA forming an angle ⁇ with the axis of symmetry BB of the tube 2 of arrival of the gas to be burned between 1 ° and 70 °, and preferably between 5 ° and 60 °.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an embodiment of a device 3.
  • the latter consists of an arrival of working fluid 4, at the outlet of which is placed a body forming venturi 5, itself made up of a part tapered lower 6, generally called “converging”, and which is extended by a part cylindrical 7 called “neck”, the latter being extended by an upper frustoconical part 8 called “divergent”.
  • the supply of engine fluid 4 of each of the venturis 5, from the supply tube 13, comprises a central tube 9, which is usually of section transverse annular and arranged substantially coaxially to the axis AA of the venturi 5.
  • the central tube 9 extends from outside, passing through converging 6, to a point located in the venturi 5, generally at the level of the junction of convergent 6 and neck 7.
  • a plurality of tubes 10 is advantageously provided around the central tube 9.
  • the arrangement of these tubes 10 is generally regular and annular, the tubes 10 may be arranged in at least one ring, the center is located on the axis AA of the venturi body.
  • the tubes 10 and the central tube 9 are identical to each other, have a cross section generally circular and are arranged in an annular manner, following at least one crown whose center is located on the axis AA of the venturi.
  • the number of tubes 10 is calculated according to the flow air required for combustion and the internal diameter of the venturi body.
  • all of the feed tubes 13 are connected to the same source of pressurized working fluid.
  • At least the tubes 10 so arranged substantially annular around the axis AA of the venturi 5 and located furthest from this axis inject the motive fluid in the venturi at an angle ⁇ , formed with the axis AA of the venturi 5, greater than 3 °, and preference substantially equal to that formed by the divergent 8 with said axis.
  • Their lower part 12 can be cylindrical and substantially parallel to the axis AA of the venturi 5, while, as can be seen in FIG. 2, the angle of inclination ⁇ of their upper part 11 by relation to the axis AA is substantially equal to the angle of inclination of the diverging 8 with respect to this same axis AA.
  • the axes of the tubes 10 can form with the axis AA of the venturi 5 an angle substantially equal to that that forms the divergent with the axis of said venturi.
  • the tubes 10 all generally enter the venturi 5 of the same depth, which can be the same or less than the penetration depth of the central tube 9 in the venturi 5.
  • the central tube 9 is replaced by a second plurality of tubes arranged annularly around the axis AA, of so that they are surrounded by the tubes 10.
  • the tubes 10 as well as the central tube 9 may be identical others have a cross section overall circular and are preferably all connected to the tube power supply 13, itself being connected to a source of motor fluid. They are sized so that they transport between 1% and 33% of the working fluid and, from preferably between 5% and 33% of said fluid.
  • the devices 3 arranged so annular around the end of the gas inlet tube 2 to burn are all identical.
  • a variant of the invention can also be used, as shown in this figure 3, for burning gases requiring a high combustion temperature, for example hydrogen sulfide, whose temperature oxidation is greater than 700 ° C.
  • the area of combustion 1 is covered by a venturi body 15, into which the gas to be burned is injected via of tube 2, said body making it possible to maintain a higher temperature and residence time while preserving the flame from external disturbances.
  • a plurality of devices is arranged annularly around the end of the tube 2 for supplying the gas to be burned, so that the motor fluid exiting from each of the diverging the plurality of devices is injected into the body forming venturi 15, thereby improving the combustion of the gas to be burned.
  • the working fluid air, air enriched with oxygen, a gas which is itself combustible or steam is generally used.
  • the pressure of the working fluid is usually between 0.5 and 6.10 5 Pa (0.5 to 6 bars) and, preferably, between 1 and 3.10 5 Pa (1 to 3 bars).
  • the combustible gas is introduced coaxially in combustion zone 1 according to the arrows G. Combustion occurs in the area of combustion 1. It is favored by devices 3, which, thanks to the introduction of a working fluid, alone or in mixture, following the arrows H, cause air to through the venturi 5, following the arrows I. This air driven spring by the divergent 8 of the device concerned and then comes to improve the combustion of gases.
  • the use of the devices 3 therefore allows a complete combustion of a gas containing a hydrocarbon, a mixture of hydrocarbons, an acid gas or a mixture of these gas, thanks to a high air entrainment with low amount of working fluid.
  • the noise is due to the trigger of the working fluid in the tubes, the use of a less amount of working fluid leads to a reduction in noise.
  • the Applicant has found, during tests it has that the use of the device according to the invention requires a flow rate of the steam necessary for ensure smoke-free combustion, which is 14 times lower than the flow required by conventional torches for obtaining the same result.
  • the apparatus according to the invention also has the advantage of be easily achievable on a platform, shortly, by simply fitting out a torch classic, which only causes a short stop the operation of the refining unit, or on a site oil or gas production. Operating losses are therefore minimal.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Pre-Mixing And Non-Premixing Gas Burner (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)
  • Air Supply (AREA)
  • Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Anordnung vom Typ einer Gasfackel zum leichteren Verbrennen bzw. Abbrennen von brennbaren Gasen an der Atmosphäre, mit einer Verbrennungszone (1), welche mit wenigstens einem brennbaren Gas über wenigstens ein Zuleitungsrohr (2) für das zu verbrennende bzw. abzubrennende Gas gespeist wird, wobei das Ende des genannten Zuleitungsrohrs von einer Mehrzahl von um dieses Ende herum angeordneten Vorrichtungen (3) umgeben ist, deren jede jeweils aus einem Venturi-Rohr (5) und einer Speisezufuhr (4) für ein Antriebs-Strömungsmittel zusammengesetzt ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    dass jeweils jede der Vorrichtungen (3) eine Mehrzahl von im Wesentlichen ringförmig um die Achse AA der Venturi-Anordnung (5) angeordneten Rohren (10) aufweist;
    und dass die Gesamtheit der Rohre (10) jeder Vorrichtung (3), welche das Antriebs-Strömungsmittel in das Venturi-Rohr (5) injizieren, voneinander divergieren, unter Bildung eines Winkels α mit der Achse A-A des Venturi-Rohrs (5) von mehr als 3°, und vorzugsweise im Wesentlichen gleich dem Winkel, welchen der divergierende Teil (8) des Venturi-Rohrs mit der genannten Achse bildet.
  2. Anordnung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Vorrichtungen (3) im Wesentlichen symmetrisch und vorzugsweise ringförmig um das Ende des Zuleitungsrohrs (2) für das zu verbrennende bzw. abzubrennende Gas herum angeordnet sind.
  3. Anordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Achse AA des Venturi-Rohrs (5) jeder Vorrichtung (3) mit der Achse BB des Zuleitungsrohrs (2) für das zu verbrennende bzw. abzubrennende Gas einen Winkel β im Bereich zwischen 1° und 70°, und vorzugsweise zwischen 5° und 60°, bildet.
  4. Anordnung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zuleitungsrohre (13) sämtlicher Vorrichtungen (3) mit ein und derselben Druckquelle für das Antriebs-Strömungsmittel verbunden sind.
  5. Anordnung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jeweils jedes der im Wesentlichen ringförmig um das Ende des Zuleitungsrohrs (2) für das zu verbrennende bzw. abzubrennende Gas angeordneten Rohre (10) jeder Vorrichtung (3) so bemessen ist, dass es zwischen 1% und 33%, und vorzugsweise zwischen 5% und 33%, des Antriebs-Strömungsmittels transportieren kann.
  6. Anordnung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zuleitung (4) des Antriebs-Strömungsmittels jeder Vorrichtung (3) ein Mittel- bzw. Zentralrohr (9) und eine Mehrzahl von ringförmig um die Achse AA des Venturi-Rohrs (5) angeordneten Rohren (10) umfasst.
  7. Anordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zuleitung für das Antriebs-Strömungsmittel zwei Gruppen bzw. Mehrzahlen von jeweils ringförmig um die Achse AA der Venturi-Anordnung (5) angeordneten Rohren umfasst.
  8. Anordnung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Rohre (10) ein und derselben Vorrichtung (3) untereinander sämtlich gleichartig sind und einen insgesamt kreisförmigen Querschnitt besitzen.
  9. Anordnung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Rohre (10) ringförmig entlang wenigstens einer Krone angeordnet sind, deren Mittelpunkt auf der Achse AA des Venturi-Rohrs (5) liegt.
  10. Anordnung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Verbrennungszone (1) von einem stromaufwärts der Vorrichtungen (3) angeordneten Venturi-Aggregat (15) umgeben ist.
  11. Verwendung einer Anordnung gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10 zum leichteren Verbrennen bzw. Abbrennen eines brennbaren Gases, das der Gaszufuhrleitung (2) zugeführt wird, während die Rohre (13) der Vorrichtungen (3) für die Zufuhr des Antriebs-Strömungsmittels mit einem Strömungsmittel gespeist werden, das aus der aus Luft, mit Sauerstoff angereicherter Luft, Wasserdampf oder einem brennbaren Gas bestehenden Gruppe gewählt ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Druck des Antriebs-Strömungsmittels zwischen 0,5 und 6.105 Pa, und vorzugsweise zwischen 1 und 3.105 Pa liegt, und dass jeweils jedes Rohr (10) zwischen 1% und 33%, und vorzugsweise zwischen 5% und 33%, dieses Antriebsströmungsmittels transportiert.
EP99961180A 1998-12-30 1999-12-28 Abfackelvorrichtung und verfahren zur gasverbrennung Expired - Lifetime EP1144915B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9816622A FR2788112B1 (fr) 1998-12-30 1998-12-30 Appareil de type torchere et procede pour la combustion de gaz
FR9816622 1998-12-30
PCT/FR1999/003300 WO2000040902A1 (fr) 1998-12-30 1999-12-28 Appareil de type torchere et procede pour la combustion de gaz

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1144915A1 EP1144915A1 (de) 2001-10-17
EP1144915B1 true EP1144915B1 (de) 2004-05-06

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EP99961180A Expired - Lifetime EP1144915B1 (de) 1998-12-30 1999-12-28 Abfackelvorrichtung und verfahren zur gasverbrennung

Country Status (14)

Country Link
US (1) US6638059B1 (de)
EP (1) EP1144915B1 (de)
JP (1) JP2002534653A (de)
KR (1) KR100678775B1 (de)
CN (1) CN1165708C (de)
AR (1) AR024851A1 (de)
AT (1) ATE266177T1 (de)
AU (1) AU1787500A (de)
DE (1) DE69917073T2 (de)
DK (1) DK1144915T3 (de)
ES (1) ES2221468T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2788112B1 (de)
PT (1) PT1144915E (de)
WO (1) WO2000040902A1 (de)

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CN107429709B (zh) * 2015-03-09 2019-11-08 戴科知识产权控股有限责任公司 用于使用文丘里效应产生真空的装置
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Publication number Publication date
US6638059B1 (en) 2003-10-28
KR100678775B1 (ko) 2007-02-05
PT1144915E (pt) 2004-09-30
DK1144915T3 (da) 2004-08-16
AU1787500A (en) 2000-07-24
WO2000040902A1 (fr) 2000-07-13
KR20010101345A (ko) 2001-11-14
CN1165708C (zh) 2004-09-08
AR024851A1 (es) 2002-10-30
FR2788112B1 (fr) 2001-06-08
ATE266177T1 (de) 2004-05-15
CN1332838A (zh) 2002-01-23
EP1144915A1 (de) 2001-10-17
DE69917073T2 (de) 2005-04-21
FR2788112A1 (fr) 2000-07-07
DE69917073D1 (de) 2004-06-09
ES2221468T3 (es) 2004-12-16
JP2002534653A (ja) 2002-10-15

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