EP0984223B1 - Verbrennungsverfahren zur Verbrennung eines Brennstoffes - Google Patents

Verbrennungsverfahren zur Verbrennung eines Brennstoffes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0984223B1
EP0984223B1 EP99402117A EP99402117A EP0984223B1 EP 0984223 B1 EP0984223 B1 EP 0984223B1 EP 99402117 A EP99402117 A EP 99402117A EP 99402117 A EP99402117 A EP 99402117A EP 0984223 B1 EP0984223 B1 EP 0984223B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
jet
fuel
oxidizer
main
injected
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Revoked
Application number
EP99402117A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0984223A1 (de
Inventor
Jacques Dugue
Jean-Michel Samaniego
Bernard Labegorre
Olivier Charon
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Original Assignee
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA a Directoire et Conseil de Surveillance pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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Application filed by Air Liquide SA, LAir Liquide SA a Directoire et Conseil de Surveillance pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude filed Critical Air Liquide SA
Publication of EP0984223A1 publication Critical patent/EP0984223A1/de
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C9/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber
    • F23C9/006—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber the recirculation taking place in the combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/20—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D17/00—Burners for combustion conjointly or alternatively of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel
    • F23D17/002—Burners for combustion conjointly or alternatively of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel gaseous or liquid fuel

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for burning a fuel in which is injected into a combustion zone at least one jet of fuel and, at a distance therefrom, at least one main jet of an oxidant.
  • the document EP 754 912 proposes a combustion process in which the fuel and oxidant jets are distributed geometrically from so as to give the fuel and oxidant flows angles and speeds leading to a stable and luminous flame.
  • the invention aims to overcome these drawbacks by proposing a method combustion to obtain stable combustion, low emission nitrogen oxides, despite a distance between the oxidant jets and fuel far superior to that described in the prior art such as USP 4988285.
  • the subject of the invention is a combustion method for burning a fuel, in which at least one jet of fuel is injected simultaneously into a main combustion zone and at a distance from it at least one main jet of an oxidant, in which the injection point of each main oxidant jet is placed relative to the injection point of the fuel jet closest to it at a distance D satisfying at least one of the following relationships: D AT > 5 (and preferably> 10) and / or D B > 5 (and preferably> 10) D being defined as the minimum distance between the outer edge of the oxidant jet considered and the outer edge of the fuel jet closest to it, at their respective injection points, and A and B being respectively the section of the main jet of the oxidant and the section of the fuel jet, the sections being considered at the point of injection of the jets, so as to keep the main oxidant and fuel jets separate until said at least one main jet d oxidant and / or the fuel jet has caused an amount of a substantially inert surrounding fluid.
  • the amount of surrounding fluid ent ent
  • the invention is characterized in that one injects into an auxiliary combustion zone located upstream of said main combustion zone at least one auxiliary jet of an oxidant to stabilize combustion in said main combustion zone, the point d injection of said auxiliary oxidant jet being disposed at a distance D s from the associated fuel jet, D s satisfying the following relationship: D s AT s ⁇ 5 D s being the minimum distance between the external edge of the auxiliary oxidant jet considered and the external edge of the associated fuel jet, at their respective injection points, and A s being the section of the auxiliary oxidant jet considered at its injection point, so as to obtain a substantially uniform combustion.
  • a distance D verifying at least one of the two preceding relationships allows the main oxidant jet and the fuel jet to entrain a quantity of surrounding fluid, notably substantially inert, before they react. with the other.
  • each of the relationships implies that the total flow contained in the jet is at least 1.8 times the initial flow of the entraining jet.
  • the ratio (jet flow / initial flow) increases when the ratio (entraining fluid density / entrained fluid density) decreases.
  • each of the two inequalities makes it possible to obtain a dilution of each of the jets of main oxidant and of fuel.
  • the implementation of this invention will be done with a distance D satisfying at least one of the above relationships, and preferably satisfying D / A 0.5 > 10 and / or D / B 0.5 > 10, so that the flow of one of the jets at least and preferably of each jet (initial flow plus surrounding fluid substantially inert) or at least 3.6 times the initial flow of the entraining jet.
  • the method is characterized in that the total flow of oxidant injected by said jets is regulated main and auxiliary oxidant at a value higher than the flow rate stoichiometric oxidant necessary to burn all the fuel injected in the combustion zone by said at least one fuel jet.
  • the flow rate of the oxidant injected by said at least is regulated an auxiliary jet at a value less than 30%, preferably between 2% and 15% of the total oxidant flow injected into the combustion zone.
  • substantially uniform combustion means that obtains a substantially uniform combustion zone characterized by a volume of combustion zone at least doubled compared to a flame where fuel and oxidant jets mix quickly without dilution with combustion products, and a temperature field with small gradients in the flame volume, such as for an oxidant composed of pure oxygen, the maximum average temperature is at least lower minus 500 ° C at the theoretical adiabatic temperature of the mixture fuel / oxidant.
  • the total momentum (fuel + oxidizer) of the jets of fluid related to a unit of power will preferably be greater than approximately 3 N / MW, of so as to obtain a satisfactory mixture of gases (the momentum -or "momentum" - is defined here as the product of a mass flow (kg / s) by a speed (m / s)).
  • Case 1 corresponds to very low injection speeds for oxidant and weak for natural gas. Practice shows that flames produced are sensitive to buoyancy forces and can create points hot on the roof of an oven, due to the raising of the rear part of the flame. Cases 2 to 5 show different examples where the mixture of gases is provided by a momentum provided either by the oxidant jets, either by the fuel jets, or by both.
  • substantially inert surrounding fluid means the fluid (usually a gas) located near the main oxidant jet. In general, it consists of the combustion gases which recirculate throughout the area of combustion as well as in the vicinity of injections of oxidizing fluids and combustible, these combustion gases being more or less diluted by the air present in this combustion zone, air of which only the species generally remain inert (nitrogen, argon) that have not reacted with the fuel.
  • Figures 1 and 2 illustrate a first embodiment of a combustion installation for implementing the method according to the invention.
  • the installation 1 comprises, for initiate or maintain combustion in a main area of combustion 2, on the one hand an injector 3 of a central fuel jet 4 (shown in dashed lines), such as a jet of natural gas, and on the other hand two identical injectors 5 and 6 of main jets of an oxidant 7 and 8 (shown in solid lines), for example air, possibly enriched with oxygen, or pure oxygen, arranged diametrically opposite by compared to the injector 3 of the central fuel jet 4.
  • a central fuel jet 4 shown in dashed lines
  • an oxidant 7 and 8 shown in solid lines
  • the injector 3 is connected to a fuel supply 9, and the injectors 5 and 6, to a supply oxidant 10.
  • this further comprises an injector 13 of an auxiliary jet oxidant 14 (shown in phantom) in an auxiliary zone 2A of combustion (represented by hatching) located upstream of the area main combustion 2.
  • the auxiliary jet 14 is arranged near the injector 3 of the central fuel jet 4 and associated with it.
  • the injector 13 is also supplied by the power supply oxidant 10.
  • the oxidant supply 10 comprises, connected to the oxidant injectors 5, 6 and 13, means 15 for distributing the total flow rate of oxidant injected into a first fraction feeding the injectors 5 and 6 of the main jets 7 and 8 of oxidant and a second fraction, complementary to the first, feeding the injector 13 of the auxiliary oxidant jet 14.
  • These distribution means 15 can for example be produced by a pipe pricking in diversion on a main line supply of oxidant from supply 10 and in which is disposed a valve to regulate the fraction of the total flow rate of the oxidant supplying the auxiliary injector 13.
  • the various injectors 3, 5, 6 and 13 have for example circular outlet openings so as to form conical jets widening in their directions of projection respective indicated by arrows 20, 22, 24, and 26 in Figure 1. But we may also provide other forms of outlet orifices such as for example orifices in the form of a slot, ellipse, ring or the like to modify the shape jets.
  • the two main jets 7 and 8 of oxidant injected in the main combustion zone 2 simultaneously the central jet 4 of fuel and away from it as well as diametrically opposed by compared to him, the two main jets 7 and 8 of oxidant.
  • the central fuel jet 4 is preferably injected with a speed below 75m / s while the two main jets 7 and 8 of oxidant are injected at a speed preferably between 50 and 150m / s.
  • D represents the minimum distance between the outer edge of the oxidant jet considered, 7 or 8, and the outer edge of the fuel 4 at their respective injection points (see Figure 2), and A represents the section of the main jet of the oxidant considered 7 or 8 at its point injection.
  • the jets of oxidant 7 and 8 and of fuel 4 do not begin to mix only from a distance L from the injection points respective, in mixing zones 30, 31 shown in gray.
  • the separation of the jets over this distance L allows them, in particular to the jets 7 and 8 main oxidant, cause a significant amount of fluid surrounding substantially inert, as shown by arrows 32 in Figure 1.
  • This entrained amount of the surrounding fluid is generally more than five, preferably ten times the jet flow causing this fluid.
  • this surrounding fluid is mainly composed of combustion products.
  • the oxidant / fuel mixture in mixing zones 30 and 31, increases the volume occupied by the main combustion zone 2. This has for effect of homogenizing the spatial distribution of the temperature field in this main combustion zone 2 and decrease the average temperature in it, so that the emission of nitrogen oxides is efficiently scaled down.
  • the distance D also satisfies the following relationship: D AT vs > 5 where A c represents the section of the fuel jet at its injection point.
  • the auxiliary oxidant jet 14 is also injected into the main combustion zone 2, at a distance D s from the associated jet 4 of fuel. Stabilization of the combustion in the main zone 2 is provided by the presence of the auxiliary combustion zone 2A upstream, which thus ensures a region of stable ignition of the oxidant / fuel mixture in the zone 2.
  • D s satisfies the following relationship: D s AT s ⁇ 5
  • D s represents the minimum distance between the external edge of the auxiliary oxidant jet 14 considered and the external edge of the associated fuel jet 4, at their respective injection points, and A s represents the section of the auxiliary oxidant jet 14 at its injection point.
  • the sections A, A c , and A s of the jets at their respective injection points are determined by taking into account their particular geometric shapes.
  • the distances D minimum between the outer edges of the respective oxidant and fuel can also be different, namely a jet of oxidant having a smaller section can be arranged closer to the fuel jet than the one with a larger section.
  • jet injectors can be provided. fuel and several main oxidant jet injectors. In that case, to satisfy relation (I), consider for each main throw oxidizing the closest jet of fuel to it.
  • Figure 4 shows in a front view identical to that of the Figure 2 another variant of an installation 1 for the implementation of process according to the invention.
  • the installation of this variant comprises three injectors 50, 51 and 52 of three jets of a first fuel, for example natural gas, which are coplanar with injectors 55 and 56 of main oxidant jets arranged diametrically opposite with respect to the injectors 50, 51 and 52, and an injector 53 of a jet of a second fuel, for example fuel oil, disposed above of the three injectors 50, 51 and 52 of the jets of the first fuel and allowing to alternate the fuel used.
  • a first fuel for example natural gas
  • injectors 55 and 56 of main oxidant jets arranged diametrically opposite with respect to the injectors 50, 51 and 52
  • an injector 53 of a jet of a second fuel for example fuel oil
  • the injectors 55 and 56 and therefore the jets main oxidant sprayed into the combustion zone by them find, at their respective injection points, at a minimum distance D between the outer edges with respect to the nearest fuel jet, i.e. the jet projected by the injector 50 with respect to the main injector 55 and the injector 52 with respect to the main injector 56, so as to respect relations (I) and (II).
  • auxiliary injectors 57 and 58 of auxiliary oxidant jets are disposed above the three injectors 50, 51 and 52 of the fuel jets, one of which 57 is associated with the injectors 50, 51 and 53 and the other of which 58 is associated with the injectors 51, 52 and 53.
  • These auxiliary injectors 57 and 58 are located at a minimum distance D s between the external edges of the fuel jets so as to respect the relationship (III).
  • FIG. 5 shows by way of indication a graph representing a result obtained with the method according to the invention implemented using an installation of the type shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 and in which the distance D defined could be adjusted higher of the main oxidant jets relative to the central fuel jet.
  • This graph shows the quantity of nitrogen oxides (NO x ) produced during combustion as a function of the parameter D / ⁇ A defined above.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Feeding And Controlling Fuel (AREA)
  • Nozzles For Spraying Of Liquid Fuel (AREA)
  • Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Verbrennungsverfahren zum Verbrennen eines Brennstoffs, bei dem man gleichzeitig in eine Hauptverbrennungszone (2) mindestens einen Brennstoffstrahl (4) und von diesem entfernt mindestens einen Hauptstrahl eines Oxidationsmittels (7, 8) einspritzt, bei dem man den Einspritzpunkt jedes Oxidationsmittelhauptstrahls (7, 8) in Bezug auf den Einspritzpunkt des Brennstoffstrahls (4) anordnet, der diesem in einer Entfernung D am nächsten liegt, die mindestens eines der folgenden Verhältnisse erfüllt: D A > 5 (und vorzugsweise > 10) und/oder D B > 5 (und vorzugsweise > 10) wobei D als die Mindestentfernung zwischen dem Außenrand des betreffenden Oxidationsmittelstrahls (7, 8) und zwischen dem Außenrand des Brennstoffstrahls (4), der diesem am nächsten liegt, zu ihren jeweiligen Einspritzpunkten definiert wird, und wobei A und B der Querschnitt des Oxidationsmittelhauptstrahls (7, 8) und der Querschnitt des Brennstoffstrahls (4) sind, wobei die Querschnitte am Einspritzpunkt der Strahlen genommen werden, sodass der Oxidationsmittelhauptstrahl (7, 8) und der Brennstoffstrahl (4) getrennt bleiben, bis der mindestens eine Oxidationsmittelhauptstrahl (7, 8) und/oder der Brennstoffstrahl (4) eine Menge eines Umgebungsfluids, das im Wesentlichen inert ist, mitgenommen hat, sodass eine im Wesentlichen gleichförmige Verbrennung erzielt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man mindestens einen Hilfsstrahl eines Oxidationsmittels (14) in eine Hilfsverbrennungszone (2A) einspritzt, die der Hauptverbrennungszone (2) vorausgeht, um die Verbrennung in der Hauptverbrennungszone (2) zu stabilisieren, wobei der Einspritzpunkt des Oxidationsmittelhilfsstrahls (14) in einer Entfernung Ds von dem dazugehörenden Brennstoffstrahl (4) angeordnet ist, wobei Ds das folgende Verhältnis erfüllt: Ds As <5 wobei Ds die Mindestentfernung zwischen dem Außenrand des betreffenden Oxidationsmittelhilfsstrahls (14) und zwischen dem Außenrand des dazugehörenden Brennstoffstrahls (4) zu ihren jeweiligen Einspritzpunkten ist, und As der Querschnitt des betreffenden Oxidationsmittelhilfsstrahls an seinem Einspritzpunkt genommen ist.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die mitgenommene Menge Umgebungsfluid größer ist als fünf Mal und vorzugsweise zehn Mal sein eigener Durchfluss.
  3. Verfahren nach der Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man den lokalen Durchfluss an Oxidationsmittel, der von dem Hauptstrahl und dem Hilfsstrahl Oxidationsmittel (7, 8, 14) eingespritzt wird, auf einen Wert einstellt, der größer ist als der stöchiometrische Oxidationsmitteldurchfluss, der erforderlich ist, um den ganzen durch den mindestens einen Brennstoffstrahl (4) in die Verbrennungszone eingespritzten Brennstoff zu verbrennen.
  4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man den durch den mindestens einen Hilfsstrahl (14) eingespritzten Oxidationsmitteldurchfluss auf einen Wert kleiner als 30 % einstellt, vorzugsweise zwischen 2 % und 15 % des Gesamtdurchflusses an Oxidationsmittel, der in die Verbrennungszone eingespritzt wird.
  5. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man den von dem Hauptstrahl und dem Hilfsstrahl Oxidationsmittel (7, 8, 14) eingespritzten Gesamtdurchfluss an Oxidationsmittel auf einen Wert einstellt, der größer ist als der stöchiometrische Durchfluss an Oxidationsmittel, der erforderlich ist, um den ganzen in die Verbrennungszone von dem mindestens einen Brennstoffstrahl (4) eingespritzten Brennstoff zu verbrennen.
  6. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man den von dem mindestens einen Hilfsstrahl (14) eingespritzten Oxidationsmitteldurchfluss auf einen Wert kleiner als 30 % einstellt, vorzugsweise zwischen 2 % und 15 % des Gesamtdurchflussess an Oxidationsmittel, der in die Verbrennungszone (2) eingespritzt wird.
  7. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man symmetrisch um den mindestens einen Brennstoffstrahl (4) mehrere Oxidationsmittelhauptstrahlen (5, 6, 37, 38) einspritzt.
  8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man in die Verbrennungszone zwei Oxidationsmittelhauptstrahlen (5, 6) einspritzt, die einander in Bezug auf mindestens einen zentralen Brennstoffstrahl (4) diametral gegenüberliegen.
  9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man in die Verbrennungszone drei zentrale Brennstoffstrahlen (50, 51, 52) einspritzt, die in der gleichen Ebene liegen wie die zwei Oxidationsmittelhauptstrahlen (55, 56), die diametral zu den drei zentralen Brennstoffstrahlen (50, 51, 52) gegenüber liegend angeordnet sind.
  10. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man in die Verbrennungszone mindestens einen Strahl eines ersten Brennstoffs (50, 51, 52) insbesondere Erdgas, und mindestens einen Strahl eines zweiten Brennstoffs (53), insbesondere Heizöl, einspritzt.
EP99402117A 1998-09-02 1999-08-25 Verbrennungsverfahren zur Verbrennung eines Brennstoffes Revoked EP0984223B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9810966A FR2782780B1 (fr) 1998-09-02 1998-09-02 Procede de combustion pour bruler un combustible
FR9810966 1998-09-02

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0984223A1 EP0984223A1 (de) 2000-03-08
EP0984223B1 true EP0984223B1 (de) 2004-05-19

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EP99402117A Revoked EP0984223B1 (de) 1998-09-02 1999-08-25 Verbrennungsverfahren zur Verbrennung eines Brennstoffes

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US (1) US6196831B1 (de)
EP (1) EP0984223B1 (de)
JP (1) JP2000088212A (de)
CN (1) CN1247290A (de)
AT (1) ATE267362T1 (de)
DE (1) DE69917395T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2221335T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2782780B1 (de)
ID (1) ID23833A (de)

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JP5608756B2 (ja) * 2009-11-19 2014-10-15 エクソンモービル・ケミカル・パテンツ・インク 空気インナーライナーの製造方法
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Publication number Publication date
US6196831B1 (en) 2001-03-06
EP0984223A1 (de) 2000-03-08
FR2782780B1 (fr) 2000-10-06
DE69917395T2 (de) 2005-06-02
CN1247290A (zh) 2000-03-15
ES2221335T3 (es) 2004-12-16
FR2782780A1 (fr) 2000-03-03
ATE267362T1 (de) 2004-06-15
ID23833A (id) 2000-05-25
DE69917395D1 (de) 2004-06-24
JP2000088212A (ja) 2000-03-31

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