EP2981761B1 - Verfahren zur verbrennung eines vormischungsgasbrenners mit niedrigem nox-gehalt - Google Patents

Verfahren zur verbrennung eines vormischungsgasbrenners mit niedrigem nox-gehalt Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2981761B1
EP2981761B1 EP14713173.4A EP14713173A EP2981761B1 EP 2981761 B1 EP2981761 B1 EP 2981761B1 EP 14713173 A EP14713173 A EP 14713173A EP 2981761 B1 EP2981761 B1 EP 2981761B1
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Prior art keywords
nozzles
premix
burner
flame
nozzle
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2981761A1 (de
Inventor
Louis Ricci
Fouad SAID
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Fives Pillard SA
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Fives Pillard SA
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/02—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone
    • F23D14/04—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone induction type, e.g. Bunsen burner
    • F23D14/08—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone induction type, e.g. Bunsen burner with axial outlets at the burner head
    • F23D14/085—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone induction type, e.g. Bunsen burner with axial outlets at the burner head with injector axis inclined to the burner head axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/48—Nozzles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/48—Nozzles
    • F23D14/58—Nozzles characterised by the shape or arrangement of the outlet or outlets from the nozzle, e.g. of annular configuration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D23/00—Assemblies of two or more burners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls
    • F23M5/02—Casings; Linings; Walls characterised by the shape of the bricks or blocks used
    • F23M5/025—Casings; Linings; Walls characterised by the shape of the bricks or blocks used specially adapted for burner openings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for burners using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in a carrier gas
    • F23D2900/00008—Burner assemblies with diffusion and premix modes, i.e. dual mode burners

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to combustion processes using industrial gas burners. These burners emit nitrogen oxides (NOx) which are sources of pollution.
  • NOx nitrogen oxides
  • WO93 / 12388A1 describes such a process.
  • Today industrial gas burners are essentially burners with diffusion flame, that is to say burners where the oxidant and fuel mixture is produced entirely in the combustion chamber.
  • the most widely used techniques for reducing nitrogen oxides of thermal origin are generally based on local variations in the oxygen and fuel contents, either by staging the air or by staging the combustible.
  • the process which is the subject of the present invention relates to the use of a low NOx gas burner based on the premixing technology.
  • nitrogen oxides can vary within a ratio of more than 10 depending on the oxidant / fuel ratio.
  • the oxidant is ambient air
  • the fuel gas is a rich gas (Lower Calorific Power> 6 kWh per Nm 3 )
  • the amount of oxidant necessary for complete combustion of the gas and a low generation of nitrogen oxide is between 140 and 170% of the amount of stoichiometric oxidant.
  • the nitrogen oxide emissions from premix combustion become extremely low compared to those obtained with a diffusion flame.
  • the object of the present invention uses the premixing technique for its low NOx performance, and an additional device in order to reduce this excess air overall to the burner without increasing emissions of nitrogen oxides of thermal origin.
  • PCl being the lower calorific value, that is to say the calorific value without taking into account the energy of the condensation in kJ / kg.
  • CP being the thermal capacity in kJ / kg.
  • the flow rates are in kg / h.
  • the combustion method according to the invention is defined in claim 1 and comprises the use of a premix burner consisting of a set of premix nozzles arranged circularly according to a diameter DB around a central nozzle arranged on an axis central to the burner and intended to create a radial flame characterized in that the set of nozzles has an oxidant / fuel ratio (R) of between 1.3 and 1.75.
  • a premix burner consisting of a set of premix nozzles arranged circularly according to a diameter DB around a central nozzle arranged on an axis central to the burner and intended to create a radial flame characterized in that the set of nozzles has an oxidant / fuel ratio (R) of between 1.3 and 1.75.
  • the burner is a premix burner made up of two types of nozzles.
  • a set of premixing nozzles arranged circularly according to a diameter DB and intended to produce mainly axial flames.
  • These peripheral nozzles are positioned around a central nozzle arranged on the central axis of the burner and intended to create a radial flame.
  • the purpose of the radial flame coming from the central nozzle is to ensure inter-ignition between the various so-called "peripheral" premixing nozzles.
  • the radial flame is also produced by premixed combustion with, at this nozzle, a ratio (R) of between 1.3 and 1.75
  • the central nozzle is in premix. This guarantees a better distribution of the ratio (R).
  • the radial flame is a premix flame representing 3 to 20% of the total fuel flow emitted by the nozzles.
  • Each of the nozzles is premixed and has an oxidizer / fuel ratio (R) of between 1.3 and 1.75.
  • R oxidizer / fuel ratio
  • Each of the nozzles having an optimum ratio (R) the amount of NOx emitted by each nozzle is reduced, and the areas of intersection between the flames of the different nozzles also emit little NOx.
  • the central nozzle is removable.
  • the central nozzle is removable and can easily be replaced by a lance liquid fuel injection, which gives the burner the possibility of being mixed gas and liquid.
  • the premix nozzles have a deflection element which gives an exit angle to the premix of between -45 ° and + 45 ° relative to the central axis A.
  • the premix nozzles have axial or inclined outputs relative to the axis of the burner and the outlet angle of the nozzles varies between -45 and + 45 ° to adapt the flame shape to the different geometries of the hearth and by varying the length / diameter of flame ratios in a ratio of more than 4.
  • gas injectors are placed on the periphery of the burner around the peripheral nozzles over a diameter DL.
  • a proportion of gas must be injected outside the premix nozzles.
  • This additional gas injection is carried out using injectors arranged between each nozzle or every two or three nozzles.
  • gas injectors are placed on the periphery of the burner around the peripheral nozzles over a diameter DL and the injectors inject 20% to 50% of the total fuel injected.
  • the injectors have an outlet angle of between 0 and 40 ° relative to the outlet angle of the peripheral nozzles.
  • the complementary gas is injected into a diameter DL close to the outside diameter DB of the nozzles at ⁇ 10% and it is injected at an angle of 0 to 40 ° relative to the axis of the nozzles this premix, and preferably between 10 and 30 °.
  • This makes it possible not to increase the ratio (R) locally by too rapid mixing between this additional gas injected and the premix from the nozzles.
  • the gas is injected so as to mix first with the flue gases recirculating at the flame periphery.
  • the advantage of this configuration is to facilitate its adaptation to the openings of fireplaces and / or boilers, in particular to existing fireplaces or boilers.
  • the diameter DL has a dimension in mm less than or equal to: [P (in MW) x20] + 450. P being the power in megawatt. This dimension allows an optimization of the size of the burner and therefore of the opening of the hearth and / or the boiler.
  • the injectors are equipped with a venturi system.
  • the gas is injected with a venturi system which accelerates the premixing of the peripheral smoke with the gas flame and the additional gas injected.
  • the diameter DL is between 1.2 and 1.6 times the diameter DB of the peripheral nozzles.
  • the injectors inject the gas into a diameter greater than the diameter DB of the nozzles.
  • the additional gas injections are implemented via straight injectors crossing the wall of the hearth and / or the boiler, or by angled injectors set up by mechanical rotation from outside the hearth for homes whose wall does not allow no crossing of straight spears.
  • the injectors have an outlet angle of between -20 ° and + 20 ° relative to the axis of the burner.
  • the nozzles have a flame stabilizer which represents 0.1 to 0.4 times the section of said nozzle.
  • the stability of the premix flames being sensitive to local speed gradients, it is necessary to use a reliable device used to "hang" and stabilize the flame.
  • R ratio
  • the surface of the flame stabilizer in relation to the surface of the nozzle must be between 0.1 and 0.4.
  • the stabilizer can be placed in the center of the nozzle, or outside the nozzle.
  • the flame stabilizer determines the angle of exit of the premix.
  • the exit angle of the premix is given by deflection elements associated or not with the flame stabilizer.
  • the peripheral nozzles have a flame stabilizer comprising a radial part disposed in the center of each peripheral nozzle.
  • the stabilizer comprises a radial stabilizing part which ensures better diffusion of the central radial flame towards the center of each peripheral nozzle. This ensures rapid ignition of the premix at the outlet of the peripheral nozzles at the stabilizer for a large speed range of the outlet of the premix nozzles and therefore a wide range of variation in power of the burner.
  • the burner 1 of the prior art illustrated in figures 1 comprises nozzles 2 of premix arranged circularly around the axis A of the burner 1.
  • Each nozzle 2 is preferably cylindrical, almost all of the oxidant (generally air) is introduced there.
  • the fuel is injected into these nozzles 2 via a series of primary injectors, the number of which can vary from 1 to 16 depending on the power of the burner and the available gas pressure.
  • Each primary injector 3 diffuses the gas using a series of holes (not shown) distributed radially on the primary injector 3 and making an angle of 90 ° to 45 ° relative to the axis of the bus 2.
  • the position of the primary injectors 3 in the nozzle 2 and the staged distribution of the holes is defined in order to distribute the gas as homogeneously as possible throughout the surface of the nozzle 2, avoiding the areas of intersection of the jets and therefore the gas accumulation zones and the zones without gas in the premix.
  • the burner 1 shown in figures 3 and 4 includes 2 peripheral nozzles and a central nozzle 4.
  • the premix nozzles 2 are preferably arranged circularly around a central nozzle 4 creating a radial flame 5.
  • the purpose of this radial flame 5 is to ensure inter-ignition between the various premix nozzles 2.
  • a radial flame is also produced by premix combustion in order to maintain the ratio (R) favorable to the low production of nitrogen oxides of thermal origin at the intersection of the radial flame 5 and axial flames from the nozzles 2.
  • the central nozzle 4 is removable and can be replaced by another type of nozzle which gives a certain mix to the burner 1.
  • the figure 9 shows a form of stabilizer 6 having a radial part 62 which allows both to have the stabilizer 6 in the middle of the nozzle 2.
  • This radial part 62 ensures better diffusion of the central radial flame 5 towards the center of each peripheral nozzle 2.
  • the figures 10 and 11 show a second embodiment of the burner 1 where injectors 7 arranged on the periphery of the burner 1 outside the diameter DB of the nozzles 2 on a diameter DL.
  • the injectors 7 are placed between two nozzles 2 (cf. figure 11 ) or both nozzles. This position allows easier mixing of the nozzles 2 mixtures with the gas from the injectors 7.
  • the injector 7 opens onto a venturi 70 (cf. figures 12 and 13 ) which allows the acceleration of the mixture of the gas coming from the injectors 7 with the combustion gases with low oxygen content circulating on the periphery of the burner flame. This arrangement allows slow combustion of this additional gas injected by the injectors 7 and limits the formation of NOx linked to this combustion.
  • This venturi 71 has a semi-circular shape in order to surround the tip 71 of the injector 7.
  • the burner 1 illustrated figure 14 is arranged on a wall 8 and it has injectors 7 placed outside the diameter DB of the nozzles 2.
  • the injectors 7 are straight and pass through the wall 8. When it is not possible to pass through the wall 8, the injectors 7 run along the burner 1 to pass through the wall 8 and then continue with a bent part 73 which makes it possible to inject the gas at the chosen distance.
  • the injectors 7 inject the gas with an angle between -20 ° and + 20 °, this injection angle and produced in a known manner for example by inclined orifices (not shown).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Verbrennungsverfahren, umfassend das Verwenden eines Vormischbrenners (1), der aus einer Anordnung von Düsen (2) zur Vormischung gebildet ist, die in einem Durchmesser DB um eine mittige Düse (4) herum angeordnet sind, die auf einer Mittelachse A des Brenners (1) angeordnet ist, wobei der Brenner eine radiale Flamme (5) erzeugt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Anordnung von Düsen (2, 4) ein Verhältnis von dem die Verbrennung bewirkenden Mittel/Brennstoff (R) zwischen 1,3 und 1,75 aufweist, wobei R = DurchsatzTreibstoffVormischung × HeizwertTreibstoff 1000 × DurchsatzTreibstoffVormischung . WKTreibstoff + DurchsatzVerbrennungbewirk . Mittel . WKVerbrennungbewirkMittel
    Figure imgb0003
  2. Verfahren nach dem vorhergehenden Anspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die radiale Flamme (5) eine Vormischflamme ist, die 3 bis 20% des von den Düsen (2, 4) abgegebenen Gesamtdurchsatzes an Brennstoff darstellt.
  3. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die mittige Düse (4) und die am Umfang befindlichen Düsen (2) Düsen zur Vormischung sind und jeweils ein Verhältnis von dem die Verbrennung bewirkenden Mittel/Brennstoff (R) zwischen 1,3 und 1,75 aufweisen.
  4. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Düsen (2) zur Vormischung ein Ablenkelement (60, 61) aufweisen, das der Vormischung einen Ausströmwinkel zwischen -45° und +45° bezogen auf die Mittelachse A verleiht.
  5. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Einspritzdüsen (7) für Gas am Umfang des Brenners (1) in einem Durchmesser DL um am Umfang befindliche Düsen (2) herum platziert sind und dass die Einspritzdüsen (7) 20% bis 50% des insgesamt eingespritzten Brennstoffs einspritzen.
  6. Verfahren nach dem vorhergehenden Anspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Einspritzdüsen (7) einen Ausströmwinkel zwischen 0 und 40° bezogen auf den Ausströmwinkel der am Umfang befindlichen Düsen (2) aufweisen.
  7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5 oder 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Durchmesser DL ein Maß in mm von kleiner gleich [P (in MW) x 20] + 450 aufweist.
  8. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Durchmesser DL zwischen dem 1,2-und 1,6-fachen Durchmesser DB der am Umfang befindlichen Düsen (2) liegt.
  9. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Einspritzdüsen (7) einen Ausströmwinkel zwischen -20° und +20° bezogen auf die Achse A des Brenners aufweisen.
  10. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Düsen (2) einen Flammenstabilisator (6) aufweisen, der das 0,1- bis 0,4-Fache des Querschnitts der Düse (2) darstellt.
  11. Verfahren nach dem vorhergehenden Anspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die am Umfang befindlichen Düsen (2) einen Flammenstabilisator (6) aufweisen, der einen radialen Teil (62) aufweist, der in der Mitte jeder am Umfang befindlichen Düse (2) angeordnet ist.
EP14713173.4A 2013-04-05 2014-02-25 Verfahren zur verbrennung eines vormischungsgasbrenners mit niedrigem nox-gehalt Active EP2981761B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL14713173T PL2981761T3 (pl) 2013-04-05 2014-02-25 Proces spalania za pomocą palnika gazowego z premiksem o niskiej zawartości tlenków azotu

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1353079A FR3004239B1 (fr) 2013-04-05 2013-04-05 Bruleur gaz a premelange bas nox
PCT/FR2014/050390 WO2014162074A1 (fr) 2013-04-05 2014-02-25 Procédé de combustion d'un bruleur à gaz a premelange bas nox

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EP2981761A1 EP2981761A1 (de) 2016-02-10
EP2981761B1 true EP2981761B1 (de) 2020-05-27

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EP (1) EP2981761B1 (de)
KR (1) KR101878346B1 (de)
CN (1) CN105247285B (de)
ES (1) ES2813361T3 (de)
FR (1) FR3004239B1 (de)
PL (1) PL2981761T3 (de)
WO (1) WO2014162074A1 (de)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105066126B (zh) * 2015-08-17 2018-07-10 罗诺克兹（北京）能源设备技术有限公司 预混式燃烧器
CN108204598B (zh) * 2016-12-16 2019-09-13 中国石油化工股份有限公司 火炬燃烧器
CN112969890A (zh) * 2018-10-05 2021-06-15 法孚皮拉德公司 燃烧器和用于燃烧器的燃烧方法

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2935128A (en) * 1957-06-06 1960-05-03 Nat Airoil Burner Company Inc High pressure gas burners
US5263325A (en) * 1991-12-16 1993-11-23 United Technologies Corporation Low NOx combustion
US5238395A (en) * 1992-03-27 1993-08-24 John Zink Company Low nox gas burner apparatus and methods
JP2005226847A (ja) * 2004-02-10 2005-08-25 Ebara Corp 燃焼装置及び燃焼方法
JP4362826B2 (ja) * 2004-11-18 2009-11-11 トヨタ自動車株式会社 内燃機関の制御装置および空燃比算出方法
JP2008274883A (ja) * 2007-05-01 2008-11-13 Toyota Motor Corp 内燃機関の制御装置
EP2299091A1 (de) * 2009-09-07 2011-03-23 Alstom Technology Ltd Verfahren zum Umschalten des Betriebes eines Gasturbinenbrenners von flüssigen auf gasförmigen Brennstoff und umgekehrt.
EP2500645B1 (de) * 2011-03-16 2015-01-28 L'AIR LIQUIDE, Société Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude Sauerstoff-befeuerter Gasbrenner mit reduzierten NOx-Werten und Verbrennungsverfahren

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Publication number Publication date
FR3004239B1 (fr) 2020-10-23
CN105247285A (zh) 2016-01-13
CN105247285B (zh) 2017-04-26
KR101878346B1 (ko) 2018-08-17
FR3004239A1 (fr) 2014-10-10
EP2981761A1 (de) 2016-02-10
WO2014162074A1 (fr) 2014-10-09
PL2981761T3 (pl) 2020-11-16
KR20150139575A (ko) 2015-12-11
ES2813361T3 (es) 2021-03-23

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