EP1140447A1

EP1140447A1 - Device and method for dispersing particles in order to form a nonwoven

Info

Publication number: EP1140447A1
Application number: EP99966972A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Stanislav Klasterka
Original assignee: Timberex Timber Exports Ltd
Current assignee: Induestrias Jomar - Madeiras E Derivados Sa
Priority date: 1998-12-16
Filing date: 1999-12-15
Publication date: 2001-10-10
Anticipated expiration: 2019-12-15
Also published as: DE19858096A1; WO2000035644A1; EP1140447B1; JP3858059B2; CN1143764C; BR9916231A; ES2196915T3; BR9916231B1; RU2208515C2; CN1330584A; DE59904790D1; US6833183B2; PT1140447E; DK1140447T3; JP2002532278A; ATE235356T1; US20010017428A1; AU2284000A

Abstract

The invention relates to a device and method for dispersing particles, especially those that are mixed with at least one binding agent, e.g. fibers containing ligno-cellulose and or cellulose, chips or the like, in order to form a nonwoven i.e. in order to produce formed objects in particular, especially boards. The inventive device and method enable chip boards, fiber boards and combined chip and fiber boards to be produced at low cost. The invention also enables different widths of boards to be produced without having to modify the inventive device.

Description

Device and method for scattering particles into a nonwoven

The present invention relates to a device for scattering particles, in particular with at least one binder, such as lignocellulosic and / or cellulosic fibers, chips or similar particles, to form a nonwoven, in particular for the production of shaped objects, primarily in the form of plates at least one dosing bunker containing the particles, with at least one scattering station for the particles downstream of the dosing bunker and with a forming belt arranged below the scattering station for receiving the fleece. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for producing chip-fiber combination boards, each comprising two outer layers formed from fibers mixed with at least one binder and a middle layer arranged between the outer layers and formed from chips mixed with at least one binder, in particular for operating a corresponding device, and directed to a corresponding chip-fiber combination plate. Ultimately, the subject of the invention is also an apparatus and a method for scattering particles into a nonwoven with a variable width.

Devices for scattering nonwovens are known in many variants. These devices are usually each specifically tailored to the end product to be produced, for example to the type of board to be produced (fiberboard, chipboard or chip-fiber combination board) and to a respective fixed width of the fleece to be scattered. On Switching the production from one type of product to another type of product as well as from a fleece width to another fleece width requires a relatively complex conversion of the system and the associated downtimes of the system and relatively high costs.

It is an object of the invention to provide a device and a method of the type mentioned at the outset which are very variable in the production of different types of products, i.e. Optionally allow chipboard, fiber or chip-fiber combination boards or boards with different widths, with economically justifiable effort.

This object is achieved by the features of claims 1, 10, 20 and 34. A chip-fiber combination plate according to the invention is characterized by the features of claim 17.

The device according to the invention according to claim 1 enables the production of single- or multi-layer chipboard or fiberboard as well as chip-fiber combination board, without the need for expensive conversion of the device. The chip-fiber combination plates that can be produced with this device also have both a very high strength and optimal surface properties, and at the same time the cover layers consisting of fibers or chips can be made relatively thin. These advantages are achieved in that the chip scattering station designed to scatter the middle layer comprises a fractionating device for separating fine and coarse chips, the fine chips being scattered as the outer layers of the middle layer and the coarse chips as the inner layer of the middle layer. In this way it is achieved that the fine fibers of the Cover layers do not come into contact with the coarse chips, but with the fine chips of the middle layer, which results in a much better connection between the cover layers and the middle layer.

Furthermore, the fine chips lying on the outer sides of the middle layer each form a buffer zone between the fibers forming the cover layer and the coarse chips forming the core. This buffer zone prevents the coarse structure of the coarse chips from being pushed through the cover layers consisting of fibers, as a result of which the surface of the plates produced from the fleece would receive an undesirable roughness. This so-called "through telegraphing" of the coarse chips on the outside of the plates is thus prevented in chip-fiber combination plates which are produced with the device according to the invention.

The same advantages are achieved according to the method according to claim 10, since the chip-fiber combination boards produced according to this method have a particularly high strength on the one hand due to the increased connection between the cover layers and the middle layer and on the other hand have optimal surfaces due to the prevented telegraphy effect . The chip-fiber combination boards obtained in this way have a very closed surface, which is ideally suited for painting, for example, since the required amount of paint can be reduced due to the closed surface.

In addition to the production of chip-fiber combination boards, the device designed according to the invention is also used for the production of Suitable chipboard and pure fiberboard. Both single and multi-layer chipboard or fiberboard can be produced. If only chipboard is to be produced, the fiber scattering stations are shut down, so that a fleece is only scattered onto the forming belt from the chip scattering station. The scattered fleece can have, for example, a middle layer consisting of coarse chips and two outer cover layers consisting of fine chips due to the existing fractionation device. However, it is also possible to feed the fractionation device exclusively with homogeneous chips, so that a single-layer chip fleece can be scattered.

If only single-layer or multi-layer fibreboards are to be produced, the chip scattering station can be deactivated accordingly, so that only a nonwoven made of fibers is scattered onto the forming belt. Depending on the desired thickness of this fleece, only one of the fiber scattering stations or both fiber scattering stations can be activated.

The fiber scattering stations are advantageously designed for scattering homogeneous fiber material, since the device according to the invention can be simplified in this way. Since already during the formation of the middle layer consisting of chips a fractionation of these chips takes place in such a way that the fine chips come to lie on the outside of the middle layer, this fractionation enables the optimal connection between the middle layer and the outer layers to be created, so that a corresponding one Fractionation of the fibers forming the outer layers is unnecessary. To enable the optional production of chipboard, fiber or chip-fiber combination panels, the spreading stations can be controlled independently of one another. Furthermore, each scattering station can be assigned its own metering bunker or at least part of the fiber scattering stations, in particular all fiber scattering stations, a common metering bunker. The use of a common dosing hopper ensures that cover layers scattered from the fiber scattering stations are each loaded with the same homogeneous fiber material.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the scattering stations are designed separately from one another. This modular design ensures that standard spreading stations can be used, so that the costs of a corresponding device designed according to the invention can be reduced.

The device designed according to the invention can be followed by either a continuous or a cycle press for pressing the scattered fleece. The fleece is usually pressed with the simultaneous supply of heat, preheating of the fleece, in particular directly in front of the downstream pressing device, and pre-pressing, for example of the partial fleece scattered by the fiber scattering station arranged on the input side, in addition.

A device according to claim 20 makes it possible to spread nonwovens of different widths without having to provide, for example, conveyor belts or spreading devices of different widths. Especially Such a device is advantageously operated according to the method of claim 34.

By firstly spreading the particles from a scattering station in the usual way, i.e. With the maximum width predetermined by the spreading station, a conventional spreading station can be used without having to make any changes to it. Only the full width of the fleece arranged on the forming belt is reduced to the desired width by the particle separating device provided on the upper side of the forming belt, with the excess particles being removed laterally. Due to the adjustability of the particle separation device, nonwovens of any width can be produced using conventional scattering stations and conventional conveyor belts.

In order to achieve a symmetrical arrangement of the fleece on the forming belt, the particle separating device preferably comprises two subunits arranged symmetrically to the longitudinal axis of the forming belt. These can be designed, for example, as rotating separation units with which the particles forming the edge regions of the fleece can be transported away to the side. The subunits can also be designed, for example, as separating walls, which at least in some areas run essentially parallel to the direction of movement of the forming belt and are oriented essentially perpendicular to the forming belt. The width of the scattered fleece can be reduced to the desired width by adjusting the rotating separating units or the separating walls in a horizontal direction, in particular transversely to the forming belt. This can be done by the particle separator laterally discharged particles are fed back into the dosing hopper of the spreading device so that they are available for the further spreading process.

If several scattering stations are connected in series to produce multilayered nonwovens, the nonwoven which is initially scattered in its maximum width by the first scattering station can be reduced to the desired width, for example by rotating separation units, the particles separated from the separation units being returned to the metering bunker of the first scattering station be fed. The width of the fleece reduced in this way is transported on the forming belt to the next spreading station, where it is guided between two separating walls, for example, before reaching the spreading area. These separating walls extend over the entire length of the second scattering station, so that the particles scattered by this second scattering station also in their maximum width come to lie partly inside the separating walls on the partial fleece scattered by the first scattering station and partly outside the separating walls directly on the forming belt . Since this prevents mixing of particles from the first scattering station and the second scattering station outside the separating walls, after passing through the second scattering station, the particles lying outside the separating walls can also be removed laterally, for example, by separation units and fed back to the metering bunker of the second scattering station.

After this lateral removal of the excess particles, a two-layer fleece of the desired reduced size is thus on the forming belt Width available that can be transported with or without separating walls to a further spreading station or to a pressing device.

If the two-layer fleece is fed to a further scattering station, another layer can be sprinkled there in an analogous manner by means of separating walls and downstream rotating separation units, the excess particles in the unmixed state then being used again to produce the reduced desired width can be discharged and fed to the dosing hopper of the third spreading station for further use.

In order to achieve the advantages with regard to the variable width adjustment as well as the optional production of chip, fiber or chip fiber combination boards, the different devices and methods described in the claims can be combined with one another in any way.

Further advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in the subclaims.

The invention is explained below using an exemplary embodiment with reference to the drawings; in these show:

1 shows a schematic side view of a device designed according to the invention,

Fig. 2 is a highly schematic plan view of part of the device according to FIGS. 1 and Fig. 3 shows a modified embodiment of the invention compared to FIG. 2.

The device shown in FIG. 1 comprises a metering hopper 1 arranged on the input side, in which a plurality of scraping rakes 2 are arranged. Homogeneous fiber particles 3 mixed with at least one binder are introduced into the dosing bunker 1 as bulk material, as indicated by an arrow 4.

On the underside of the dosing hopper 1 there is a bottom belt 6 running over two deflection rollers 5, via which the fiber particles 3 are transported in the direction of discharge rollers 7.

The particles 3 led out of the dosing bunker 1 via the discharge rollers 7 and the base belt 6 are scattered over a fiber scattering station 8 arranged on the input side with scattering rollers 9 onto an endless forming belt 11 rotating around deflection rollers to form a fleece 12.

In this way, the fiber scattering station 8 initially produces a lower cover layer 13, consisting of homogeneous fiber particles 3 of the nonwoven 12, to which at least one binder has been added.

The fiber scattering station 8 on the input side is followed by a scattering station 15 for scattering chips 20, 21 in the transport direction of the forming belt 11 represented by an arrow 14.

The chip spreading station 15 comprises two dosing bunkers 16, 17, in each of which a plurality of scraping rakes 18, 19 are arranged. The from different large chips 20, 21 and at least one binder bulk material is fed to the dosing bunkers 16, 17 from above, as indicated by arrows 22, 23.

On the underside of the dosing bunkers 16, 17 there is a bottom belt 26, 27 running over two deflection rollers 24, 25, which together with a discharge roller 28, 29 forms a discharge unit for the chips 20, 21.

An endless scraper belt 30, 31, which is guided over two deflection rollers, is arranged below the discharge rollers 28, 29, the lower run of which is guided in each case via screening devices 32, 33 with different hole sizes, so that different sections 32 ', 32 ", 32'" and 32 " "or 33 ', 33", 33' "and 33" "of the screening devices 32, 33 are formed. The screening devices 32, 33 together with the scraper belts 30, 31 form fractionation devices 34, 35, through which the chips 20, 21 can be fractionated according to their sizes.

The sections 32 ', 32 ", 32'" and 32 "" or 33 ', 33 ", 33'" and 33 "" of the screening devices 32, 33 are arranged so that the fine chips 20, 21 each in the regions of the chip scattering station 15 located outside in the transport direction of the fleece are scattered onto the lower cover layer 13, while the coarse chips 20, 21 are scattered onto the cover layer 13 via the inner regions of the fractionation devices 34, 35.

In this way, a middle layer 36 of the fleece 12 is produced which has fine chips 20, 21 in its outer layers and coarse in its inner layer having. Thus, the fiber particles 3 meet with the fine chips 20, 21 at the connection level between the middle layer 36 and the lower cover layer 12.

A preferred embodiment of the chips scattering station 15 is described in German Patent 197 16 130, so that for a more detailed description of the chips scattering station 15, in particular with regard to the formation of the scraper belts 30, 31, the screening devices 32, 33 and the axisymmetric series connection of the two partial scattering stations the content of this patent is expressly included in the present application. In principle, it is also possible to design the chip scattering station 15 in another suitable manner, it only being necessary for the chips 20, 21 to be fractionated into fine and coarse chips and the middle layer scattered by the scattered chips 20, 21 in their outer layers the fine and in the middle layer the coarse chips.

The chips scattering station 15 is followed by an output-side fiber scattering station 8 'with a dosing hopper 1', which is designed in accordance with the fiber-scattering station 8 arranged on the input side. Accordingly, the individual elements of the fiber scattering station 8 'and of the metering bunker 1' are provided with the same reference numerals as for the fiber scattering station 8 on the inlet side and the metering bunker 1 on the inlet side, the reference symbols only being provided with a line.

With the fiber scattering station 8 'an upper cover layer 37 of homogeneous fiber particles 3' is scattered onto the middle layer 36, so that at the Connection point between the upper cover layer 37 and the middle layer 36, the fine fiber particles 3 'with the fine chips 20, 21 in connection.

The device shown in Fig. La continues in Fig. Lb in the direction of arrow 14. The fleece 12 is guided through a pre-pressing unit 40 formed from two circulating, endless belts 38, 39, by means of which the fleece 12 is pre-compressed. Air contained in the nonwoven material is pressed out, which is achieved in particular due to the elongated inlet due to the flat opening angle between the endless belts 38 and 39.

The pre-pressed nonwoven 12 emerging from the pre-pressing unit 40 is guided over a preheating device 41, which is only indicated schematically and with which, for example, heated water vapor, heated air, heated water vapor / air mixture and possibly other additives are introduced into the pre-compressed nonwoven 12.

Immediately adjacent to the preheating unit 41 is a pressing device 42, which in the exemplary embodiment shown is designed as a continuous pressing device with rotating pressing belts 43, 44. In the pressing device 42, the fleece 12 is then pressed to its final thickness with the application of heat. In principle, it is also possible for a cycle press to be provided instead of a continuous pressing device.

Basically, a pre-pressing unit and / or a preheating unit can be placed anywhere in the device shown in FIG. unit are provided. Thus, a pre-pressing unit can be provided in particular for pre-pressing the lower cover layer 13 between the fiber-scattering station 8 on the input side and the chip-scattering station 15. A corresponding pre-pressing unit can also be provided between the chip scattering station 15 and the output-side fiber scattering station 8 '.

The forming tape is preferably made air-impermeable, while in the area of the preheating unit 41 the tape 45 carrying the fleece 12 can be made air-permeable, for example for feeding heating medium into the fleece 12.

It is essential that due to the direct contact of fine fiber particles 3, 3 'of the two cover layers 13, 37 with the external fine chips 20, 21 of the middle layer 36, on the one hand, an intensive connection of the cover and middle layers is produced, which during Ver - Press a faster and more intensive connection, while at the same time the heat supplied during pressing penetrates the entire fleece 12 faster.

FIG. 2 shows a part of the device according to FIG. 1 in a highly simplified manner in a top view.

At the lower edge of FIG. 2, the fiber scattering station 8 on the input side can be seen, with which the lower cover layer 13 of the fleece 12 is applied to the

Form tape 11 is scattered. The fleece 12, which is shown hatched, is scattered in a maximum width Bi that is slightly smaller than the width of the forming belt 11. Downstream of the fiber scattering station 8 in the transport direction 14 are two separating units 46, 47 which are oriented essentially perpendicular to the forming belt and which are adjustable transversely to the transport direction of the forming belt 11, as indicated by arrows 48, 49. The separating units 46, 47 can be designed, for example, as rotating rollers with a corrugated surface and / or with a star-shaped cross section, as rotating brushes or as other separating units suitable for separating the fiber particles arranged in the edge region of the fleece 12.

The separating units 46, 47 can be rotated in accordance with arrows 50, 51 in such a way that the fiber particles forming the edge regions of the fleece 12 are discharged laterally. The removed fiber particles 3 fall onto a discharge belt 52 arranged below the forming belt 11, which can be moved along arrows 53 and with which the particles 3 'are returned to the dosing hopper 1.

Due to the adjustability of the separating units 46, 47 transversely to the transport direction of the forming belt 11, the width B _{2 of} the fleece 12 can be set as desired.

In the transport direction behind the separating units 46, 47, partition walls 54, 55 are arranged essentially parallel to the transport direction in the region of the surface of the forming belt 11 such that the distance between the partition walls 54, 55 is substantially equal to the width B _{2 of} the

Fleece 12 is. Only in the inlet area are the separating walls 54, 55 deformed outward so that the fleece 12 can be securely inserted into the The area between the separating walls 54, 55 takes place without the fleece 12 being torn open in its side areas.

While the separating wall 54 is designed as a plate-shaped wall section, the separating wall 55 is formed by an endless circumferential band which can be moved along an arrow 57 via deflecting rollers 56. In principle, however, both separating walls 54, 55 can be designed in the same way.

With the formation of the separating wall 55 as a continuous endless belt, it is achieved that the friction between the outer edge of the fleece 12 and the separating wall 55 is reduced or made zero. This prevents the outer edge of the fleece from being impaired.

The separating walls 54, 55 are adjustable transversely to the transport direction of the forming belt 11, as indicated by arrows 58, 59. Arranged above the separating walls 54, 55 is the part of the chip scattering station 15 on the input side which, according to the illustration in FIG. 2, comprises for example four screening devices 32 ', 32 ", 32'", 32 "". The sieve devices 32 ', 32 ", 32'", 32 "" are selected so that the hole size of the corresponding sieves increases in the transport direction 14 of the forming belt 11. In this way, first of all the fine chips are reduced in the width of the nonwoven and the coarse chips are scattered at the output end of the input part of the chip spreading device 15.

Laterally outside the separating walls 54, 55, there is no mixing of fibers 3 and chips 20, so that the chips 20 scattered onto the forming belt 11 outside the separating walls 54, 55 by the chips. Separating units 60, 61 connected downstream of the scattering device 15 can be discharged laterally in a similar manner as has already been described for the separating units 46, 47.

The separating units 60, 61 are also adjustable transversely to the transport direction of the forming belt 11, as indicated by arrows 62, 63. In this way, the separation units 60, 61 can be adapted to the width B _{2 of} the fleece 12.

The separating units 60, 61 can be rotated in accordance with arrows 64, 65, so that the chips 20 are discharged laterally onto a discharge belt 66 provided below the forming belt 11. The discharge belt 66 is moved along arrows 67 so that the chips 20 lying on the discharge belt 66 can be returned to the dosing hopper 16 of the chip-spreading device.

Since the separating walls 54, 55 ensure that chips 20 and fibers 3 are only mixed with one another between the separating walls 54, 55, but outside of the separating walls 54, 55, however, the chips 20 come to lie in unmixed form, the chips 20 must be returned in the dosing hopper 16 unproblematic.

The separating walls 54, 55 extend behind the separating units 60, 61, since from this area the laterally excess chips 20 are completely removed, so that the separating walls 54, 55 in the area behind the separating units 60, 61 are no longer required. Only in the area of the second part of the chip spreading device 15, which is not shown in FIG. 2, must new separating walls again correspond. The separating walls 54, 55 shown in FIG. 2 are provided. In principle, however, it is also possible to extend the separating walls 54, 55 over the entire length of the device according to FIG. 1.

Basically, the separation units 46, 47, 60, 61 and the separating walls 54, 55 according to FIG. 2 are also provided in the device according to FIG. 1. These elements are only not shown in FIG. 1 for a better overview. If a variable width setting is not required in the device according to FIG. 1, the separating units 46, 47, 60, 61 and the separating walls 54, 55 can also be omitted. Furthermore, corresponding separation units and separating walls can also be used in devices with only a single spreading device or any number of spreading devices in order to obtain a device with variable width spreading. In the case of a device with only a single spreading station, the separating walls can be dispensed with and, after spreading a fleece over the maximum width Bi., The desired width B _{2 of} the fleece can be achieved exclusively by the rotating separation units.

The embodiment according to FIG. 3 differs from the embodiment according to FIG. 2 essentially by a different design of the separation units.

The cover layer 13 which is scattered with the width Bi from the scattering station 8 is first pre-compressed in a pre-pressing device 68. Subsequently, the pre-compacted cover layer 13 is reduced to the desired width B ₂ by two trimming saws 69, 70 arranged on the side of the forming belt 11. The edging saws 69, 70 are transverse to the arrows 71, 72 Running direction 14 of the forming belt 1 1 is adjustable so that the width of the cover layer 13 can be variably adjusted. During the edging or immediately afterwards, the separated fiber particles are sucked off pneumatically and returned to the inlet-side metering bunker 1 of the inlet-side fiber scattering station 8.

The lower cover layer 13, reduced to the width B ₂ , is, as already described for FIG. 2, guided between two separating walls 54, 55, the chips 20 simultaneously forming the chips 20 to form the middle layer 36 of the fleece 12 on the cover layer 13 are scattered.

The separating walls 54, 55 are each bent laterally outwards at their ends, so that the chips 20 which are scattered outside of the separating walls 54, 55 on the forming belt 11 are removed to the outside due to the movement of the forming belt 11, as indicated by arrows 73, 74 is indicated. This removal of the chips 20 is supported by discharge devices, not shown, for example screw conveyors, suction units, brush rollers or the like. In principle, it is also possible to design the ends of the separating walls 54, 55 to run straight and to enable the removal exclusively by means of the mentioned discharge devices. Furthermore, it is also possible to guide the ends of the separating walls 54, 55 to the outer edge of the forming belt or beyond, so that the chips 20 are removed exclusively via the separating walls 54, 55. The removed chips 20 are then fed to the dosing bunkers 16, 17 in the usual way. Separation walls 75, 76 are also provided below the output-side fiber scattering station 8 'for separating the laterally excess fibers 3' from the fibers 3 'forming the upper cover layer 37 with the width B ₂ . The separating walls 75, 76 are designed to be adjustable transversely to the transport direction of the fleece 12, as is indicated by arrows 77, 77 ', 78, 78'. The excess fibers 3 'can be discharged laterally along arrows 79, 80 in a manner similar to that of the chips 20 described above, but the suction of the fibers 3' is preferred here. The removed fibers 3 'are in turn fed to the dosing hopper 1' for further use.

A height-adjustable leveling roller, which is oriented transversely to the transport direction of the forming belt 11, for leveling the lower cover layer 13 of the fleece 12 can be arranged between the fiber-scattering station 8 on the input side and the pre-pressing device 68. Continuous measurement and monitoring of the lower cover layer 13 to be leveled is possible, for example, by means of a basis weight measuring and control system downstream of the leveling roller, by means of which the height adjustment of the leveling roller can be regulated. By means of this height adjustment, a specifiable basis weight of the lower cover layer 13 of the fleece 12 can then be kept constant.

The middle layer and / or the upper cover layer 37 of the nonwoven 12 can also be assigned a leveling roller and a basis weight measuring and control system. Excess material on chips and / or fibers that occurs during leveling is in each case removed, for example suctioned off, and returned to the respective metering bunker 1, 1 '16, 17.

Claims

Expectations :

1. Device for scattering particles (3, 3 ', 20, 21) in particular with at least one binder, such as lignocellulosic and / or cellulosic fibers, chips or similar particles, to form a fleece (12), in particular for the production of shaped objects, primarily in the form of plates, with at least one dosing hopper (1, 1 ', 16, 17) containing the particles, with at least one scattering station (8, 8) downstream of the dosing hopper (1, 1', 16, 17) ', 15) for the particles (3, 3', 20, 21) and with a forming belt (11) arranged below the scattering station (8, 8 ', 15) for receiving the fleece (12), characterized in that at least three scattering stations (8, 8 ', 15) arranged one behind the other along the forming belt (11) are provided, the first (8) for scattering fibers (3), the second (15) for scattering chips (20, 21) and the third (8 ') is again designed for scattering fibers (3'), and that d The chips scattering station (15) a fractionation device (34, 35) for separating fine and coarse chips (20, 21) with at least two fractionation sections (32 ') for the fine and at least one fractionation section (32 "") for the coarse chips (20, 21), the fractionation sections (32 ') for the fine chips (20, 21) forming the beginning and end of the fractionation device (34, 35) and the fractionation section (32 "") for the coarse Chips (20,

21) is arranged between the fractionation sections (32 ') for the fine chips (20, 21).

2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the fiber scattering stations (8, 8 ') are designed for scattering homogeneous fiber material (3, 3').

3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the scattering stations (8, 8 ', 15) can be controlled independently of one another.

4. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each scattering station (8, 8 ', 15) is assigned its own dosing hopper (1, 1', 16, 17).

5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that at least a part of the fiber scattering stations, in particular all fiber scattering stations, is assigned a common metering hopper.

6. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the scattering stations (8, 8 ', 15) are formed separately from one another.

7. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a pre-pressing device for the fleece scattered by the fiber scattering station is arranged between the fiber scattering station arranged on the input side and the chip scattering station.

8. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fiber scattering station (8 ') arranged on the output side is followed by an in particular continuous pressing device (42) for the fleece (12).

9. The device according to claim 7 or 8, characterized g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the pressing device (42) and / or the pre-pressing device one

Preheater (41) for the fleece (12) is connected upstream.

10. A method for producing chip-fiber combination plates, each comprising two outer layers formed from shavings mixed with at least one binder and a middle layer arranged between the outer layers formed from shavings mixed with binder, in particular for operating a device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lower covering layer is scattered from essentially homogeneous fiber material, that an at least three-layer middle layer formed from chips of different sizes is scattered on the lower covering layer, wherein the inner layer of the middle layer of coarse and the outer layers of the middle layer are sprinkled of fine chips, and that an upper cover layer of essentially homogeneous fiber material is sprinkled on the middle layer.

11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that the chips before the scattering process fractionated at least into fine and coarse chips and so scattered on the lower cover layer that part, in particular about half of the fine chips directly on the fibers the bottom cover layer comes to rest.

12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that the remaining part of the fine chips is scattered onto the inner layer of the middle layer formed by the coarse chips.

13. The method according to any one of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that the fleece consisting of the two cover layers and the middle layer is pressed, in particular with the addition of heat, to shaped bodies, in particular to plates.

14. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that the pressing process takes place continuously.

15. The method according to any one of claims 10 to 14, characterized in that the lower cover layer is pre-pressed before spreading the middle layer.

16. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 15, characterized in that heat is supplied to the nonwoven and / or the lower cover layer before the pressing process.

17. Span-fiber combination plate, each with two cover layers (13, 37) formed from fibers (3, 3 ') mixed with at least one binder and one chip arranged between the cover layers (13, 37) and consisting of chips mixed with at least one binder ( 20, 21) formed middle layer (36), characterized in that the lower cover layer (13) from essentially homogeneous

Fiber material (3) consists of the middle layer (36) consisting of chips (20, 21) of different sizes and comprising at least three layers, the inner one

Layer of the middle layer consist of coarse and the outer layers of the middle layer consist of fine chips, and that the upper cover layer (37) consists of essentially homogeneous fiber material (3 ').

18. Span-fiber combination plate according to claim 17, characterized in that the fiber material (3, 3 ') of the lower and the upper cover layer (12, 37) is formed essentially the same.

19. Span-fiber combination plate according to claim 17 or 18, characterized in that the chips (20, 21) of the outer layers of the middle layer have essentially the same size.

20. Device for scattering particles (3, 3 ', 20, 21) in particular with at least one binder, such as lignocellulosic and / or cellulosic fibers, chips or similar particles, to form a fleece (12), in particular for the production of shaped objects, primarily in the form of plates, with at least one dosing hopper (1, 1 ', 16, 17) containing the particles (3, 3', 20, 21), with at least one dosing hopper (1, 1 ', 16, 17) downstream scattering station (8, 8 ', 15) for scattering the particles (3, 3', 20, 21) onto a forming belt (11) arranged below the scattering station (8, 8 ', 15) to form the fleece (12 ) with a predetermined width B ₂ , characterized in that a particle separation device (46, 47, 54, 55) is arranged downstream of the scattering station (8, 15) in the running direction (14) of the forming belt (11) on the upper side of the forming belt (11) , 60, 61) for separating at least a part of those transported on the forming belt (11), the side en edge region of the fleece (12) forming particles (3, 3 ', 20, 21) of the remaining particles of the fleece (12) are provided and that the particle separating device (46, 47, 54, 55, 60, 61) is adjustable to adjust the width B _{2 of} the remaining fleece (12).

21. The apparatus according to claim 20, characterized in that the particle separation device (46, 47, 54, 55, 60, 61) for symmetrical separation of the particles (3, 3 ', 20, 21) of the two outer edge regions of the fleece (12) is trained.

22. The apparatus according to claim 20 or 21, characterized in that the particle separating device (46, 47, 54, 55, 60, 61) is adjustable in the horizontal direction, in particular transversely to the forming belt (11).

23. Device according to one of claims 20 to 22, characterized in that the underside of the particle separating device (46, 47, 54, 55, 60, 61) is essentially free of clearance from the upper side of the forming belt

(11) is arranged.

24. Device according to one of claims 20 to 23, characterized in that the particle separating device (46, 47, 54, 55, 60, 61) two subunits (46, 47; 54, 55; symmetrically to the longitudinal axis of the forming belt (11)). 60, 61).

25. Device according to one of claims 20 to 24, characterized in that the particle separation device comprises at least one rotating separation unit (46, 47, 54, 55, 60, 61) and / or a trimming saw (69, 70) with which the particles (3, 3 ', 20, 21) forming the edge regions of the fleece (12) can be separated and in particular can be removed laterally to the outside.

26. Device according to claims 24 and 25, characterized in that each subunit of the particle separating device comprises at least one rotating separating unit (46, 47, 54, 55, 60, 61) and / or a trimming saw (69, 70).

27. The apparatus of claim 25 or 26, characterized in that the axis of rotation of the rotating separation unit (46, 47, 54, 55, 60, 61) is arranged substantially perpendicular or slightly tilted to the forming belt (11).

28. Device according to one of the preceding claims 20 to 27, characterized in that the particle separating device comprises a separating wall (54, 55) which extends at least in regions substantially parallel to the direction of movement (14) of the forming belt (11) and substantially perpendicular to the forming belt (11) is aligned.

29. The device according to claim 28, characterized in that the separating wall (55) is designed as a continuous endless belt.

30. The device according to claim 24 and one of claims 25 to 29, characterized in that each subunit of the particle separating device comprises at least one separating wall.

31. Device according to one of claims 25 to 30, characterized in that a separating wall is arranged downstream of a rotating separating unit.

32. Device according to one of claims 20 to 31, characterized in that a plurality of scattering stations (8, 8 ', 15) are arranged one behind the other in the running direction (14) of the forming belt (11) and in that each scattering station (8, 8', 15) a particle separator (46, 47,

54, 55, 60, 61) is assigned.

33. Device according to one of claims 20 to 32, characterized by the features of one of claims 1 to 9.

34. A method for scattering particles, in particular with at least one binder, such as lignocellulose and / or cellulose-containing fibers, chips or similar particles, into a nonwoven with a variable width, in particular for the production of shaped objects, primarily in the form of plates , in particular for operating a device according to one of claims 20 to 33, characterized in that the particles are first scattered in a maximum width on a forming belt to form a fleece of maximum width and that at least a part of the transported on the forming belt then lateral edge region of the fleece of maximum width forming particles to form a fleece of the desired width from the remaining particles of the fleece of maximum width are separated and removed laterally.

35. The method according to claim 34, characterized in that, to form the fleece of the desired width, particles from both lateral edge regions of the fleece of maximum width are deposited in particular symmetrically to the transport direction of the forming belt and are discharged laterally.

36. The method according to claim 34 or 35, characterized in that a multi-layer fleece is scattered, each of the layers first being scattered in a maximum width and then is reduced to the desired width by deposition from the edge region or particles forming the edge regions.

37. The method according to any one of claims 34 to 36, characterized in that the particles are separated by suction, by means of a screw conveyor and / or by lateral brushing away.

38. Method according to one of claims 34 to 37, characterized by the features of one of claims 10 to 16

39. Device according to one of claims 1 to 9 or 20 to 33, characterized in that the shaping band (11) is air-impermeable.