EP1136183A2 - Diamond grinding segment and grinding tool for surface machining of workpieces - Google Patents

Abstract

The diamond abrasive wheel (116) incorporates a grinding segment (120) which is held on a support body (118). The grinding segment contains a hollow cavity. (122). Either the grinding segment or and the support body contains at east one ventilation duct (152) connected to the cavity in the grinding segment. The grinding segment and support body together are sintered in one piece on a grinding tool (110). The grinding plate (114) rotates on the tool's center axis.

Description

The present invention relates to a diamond grinding wheel for a Grinding tool for surface machining of workpieces, in particular of natural and artificial stones, preferably in the dry grinding process, with a grinding segment, which is on a carrier body is held and wherein a cavity is formed in the grinding segment and a corresponding diamond grinding tool in which such Grinding segments can be used.

When grinding hard workpieces, especially refractory and sanitary ware, of flat and lattice bricks, of natural and artificial stones or of hard rock are usually diamond pot cutters or Full grinding wheels used. These pot cutters are also often used in Automatic grinding machines or belt grinding lines are used. To a high The aim is to achieve the profitability of such grinding tools to achieve the greatest possible removal. Due to the high mechanical Stress on the workpiece and grinding tool forms Heat that u. a. jams in the grinding segment. This warmth leads to one Heating the grinding segment and thus weakening the Diamond splinter-holding binder, so that the grinding segment off at a certain temperature, the forces acting on it no longer can record and completely or partially breaks off.

From DE-PS 11 20 928 and from DE-PS 562 128 it is known that Hollow grinding segments. These grinding segments also overheat with the required stress with the consequences mentioned above.

To remove the heat occurring during grinding are common liquid coolant used. However, these coolants have to be complex are disposed of and, if necessary, also contaminate what is to be processed Workpiece. Especially when grinding large format tiles or refractory magnesite stones (magnesite chrome and chrome magnesium stones) Moistening of the workpiece is undesirable, since this then have to be dried again at great expense.

Proceeding from this, the present invention is based on the object a diamond grinding tool or a diamond grinding tool create, in which the heat is removed well without that the grinding costs increase.

The first technical solution to this problem is proposed according to the invention the diamond grinding wheel mentioned above to further develop that in the grinding segment and / or in the carrier body at least one ventilation channel is provided which is connected to the cavity of the Grinding segment is operatively connected.

The second technical solution to this problem is proposed according to the invention the above-mentioned diamond grinding tool to further develop that a vent hole is provided in the grinding plate is that with the cavity in the grinding segment and / or with a Vent channel is operatively connected.

A diamond grinding tool and trained according to this technical teaching a diamond grinding tool designed according to this technical teaching have the advantage that through this ventilation channel and / or through this Vent hole the air in the cavity can escape to the outside can and thus a removal of the heat accumulated in the cavity enables. Especially in cooperation with that in the grinding surface trained recess. hereby an optimal ventilation of the internal cavity reached, so that the occurring during grinding Heat both from the outside of the grinding segment and from the Inside of the grinding segment are well released to the environment can, and that the heat is quickly and easily removed. The latter leads to a further increased removal and grinding performance.

Since good heat dissipation is now guaranteed, there is a Another advantage is that the grinding segment is relatively thin-walled can be trained, so that the heat generated more quickly Surface of the grinding segment can be transported and there: better can be released to the environment. This will make a lot ensures faster heat transfer.

This is particularly the case with grinding processes using the dry grinding method advantageous because the load limit of the grinding segment is directly from whose thermal conductivity depends.

With an abrasive wheel according to the invention, dry grinding can be carried out good removal and grinding performance can be achieved, as was previously the case in Wet grinding, but with less cooling liquid. this leads to lower grinding costs, since in addition to the costs for the coolant, the Costs for drying the grinding material can be saved.

In a preferred embodiment, the grinding segment is together with a carrier body for attaching the grinding segment to the grinding tool sintered in one piece. This has the advantage of being a very compact grinding wheel is created, which can easily be attached to the provided grinding plates can be welded or soldered on.

In a preferred development, the grinding segment consists of two or more subsegments together, the subsegments are sintered in one piece with the carrier body. Such a manufactured grinding segment has the advantage that the grinding segment in any geometric shape in a simple and inexpensive way Way can be made. Another advantage is that the individual subsegments support each other so that the am Forces occurring in the grinding segment are reliably derived. Also here the one-piece sintering has the advantage that the grinding segment in easier and cheaper to manufacture.

Another advantage is that by sintering the individual sub-segments and / or the carrier body a material Connection arises, the forces occurring are good and non-destructive records.

In yet another preferred embodiment, the grinding segment is trapezoidal, triangular or oval. This has the advantage that distributed over the circumference of the sanding plate, a larger number of Abrasive discs can be arranged because of the gaps turn out smaller, which leads to a higher removal.

The alignment of the narrow side of the trapezoid or a tip of the Triangle towards the central axis has the advantage that even more grinding wheels can be arranged on the circumference of the grinding plate, resulting in leads to an even higher removal.

Another advantage is that the grinding segment with a lot less mass can be formed without the for the grinding process crucial front surface to shrink, which is approximately the same Grinding effect the saving of expensive, with diamond chips Abrasives.

In yet a completely different, preferred embodiment, neighboring ones Sub-segments have different abrasive concentrations.

A grinding wheel designed according to this technical teaching has the Advantage that the corresponding choice of the respective concentration Grinding segment can be optimized so that a uniform Wear of the abrasive takes place, so the abrasive body is very can be used much better. This leads to increased service life and at lower wear costs of the grinding tool.

Because the arrangement of the abrasive concentration is very different from the geometry of the grinding segment and the area of application of the grinding tool depends, the abrasive concentration is individual in individual cases determine. However, it has proven to be advantageous if in grinding and / or areas at the front in the direction of rotation a higher abrasive concentration have, as in the grinding and / or direction of rotation behind located areas, as this achieves more even wear becomes.

To achieve a high density of grinding segments on the circumference of the grinding plate, it has proven to be advantageous for a trapezoidal one Align the grinding segment with the narrow side towards the central axis and with a triangular grinding segment, the tip towards the central axis align. This results in an even higher grinding performance (stock removal) educates.

In another preferred embodiment, the grinding surface is opposite the surface of the workpiece to be ground by 0.5 ° to 60 °, preferably 2 ° to 35 °, inclined.

A grinding tool designed according to this technical teaching has the Advantage that the feed of the workpiece in the direction of advance Forces occurring on the grinding segment are no longer than transverse or bending forces occur, but depending on the degree of inclination with a certain axial portion can be introduced into the grinding segment. This will make the The risk of the grinding segment breaking off is reduced, making a stronger one Feed of the workpiece becomes possible, resulting in faster Machining the workpiece leads.

In another preferred embodiment there is a on the grinding plate Vent hole provided with the cavity in the grinding segment is connected. This can, similar to that described above Vent hole, the one located in the cavity of the grinding segment, heated air can be removed, so that good heat dissipation is achieved.

Fig. 1a

eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Teils einer ersten Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Schleifwerkzeuges, wobei eine erste Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Schleifkörpers explosionsartig herausgezogen dargestellt ist;

Fig. 1b

eine geschnittene dargestellte Teilansicht eines Schleifwerkzeuges gemäß Fig. 1a;

Fig. 1c

eine Untersicht unter das Schleifwerkzeug gemäß Fig. 1a;

Fig. 2

eine perspektivische Ansicht einer zweiten Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Schleifkörpers;

Fig. 3

einen Untersicht unter eine dritte Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Schleifwerkzeuges;

Fig. 4

einen Untersicht unter eine vierte Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Schleifwerkzeuges;

Fig. 5

einen Untersicht unter eine fünfte Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Schleifwerkzeuges;

Fig. 6

einen Untersicht unter eine sechste Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Schleifwerkzeuges;

Fig. 7a

eine geschnittene dargestellte Teilansicht einer siebten Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Schleifwerkzeuges;

Fig. 7b

eine perspektivische Darstellung des Schleifkörpers des Schleifwerkzeuges gemäß Fig. 7a;

Fig. 8

eine geschnittene dargestellte Teilansicht einer achten Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Schleifwerkzeuges;

Fig. 9

eine perspektivische Ansicht einer neunten Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Schleifkörpers.

Further advantages of the grinding body according to the invention and the grinding tool according to the invention result from the attached drawing and the embodiments described below.
Likewise, according to the invention, the features mentioned above and those which are explained further can be used individually or in any combination with one another. The mentioned embodiments are not to be understood as an exhaustive list, but rather have an exemplary character. Show it:

Fig. 1a

a perspective view of a part of a first embodiment of a grinding tool according to the invention, a first embodiment of a grinding body according to the invention being shown in an exploded manner;

Fig. 1b

a sectional partial view of a grinding tool shown in FIG. 1a;

Fig. 1c

a bottom view under the grinding tool of FIG. 1a;

Fig. 2

a perspective view of a second embodiment of an abrasive body according to the invention;

Fig. 3

a bottom view under a third embodiment of a grinding tool according to the invention;

Fig. 4

a bottom view under a fourth embodiment of a grinding tool according to the invention;

Fig. 5

a bottom view of a fifth embodiment of a grinding tool according to the invention;

Fig. 6

a bottom view under a sixth embodiment of a grinding tool according to the invention;

Fig. 7a

a sectional partial view of a seventh embodiment of a grinding tool according to the invention;

Fig. 7b

a perspective view of the grinding body of the grinding tool according to FIG. 7a;

Fig. 8

a sectional partial view of an eighth embodiment of a grinding tool according to the invention;

Fig. 9

a perspective view of a ninth embodiment of an abrasive body according to the invention.

1a to 1c is a first embodiment of an inventive Grinding tool 110, here a diamond pot mill, shown, which has a grinding plate 114 rotating about a central axis 112 comprises, to which a plurality of abrasive bodies 116 are removably screwed are. This explosively preferred in Fig. 1a Abrasive body 116 is composed of a carrier body 118, preferably made of metal, and an attached diamond grinding segment 120 together, wherein the grinding segment 120 consists of a known, Abrasive containing diamond chips is formed.

The grinding wheel 116 has a cavity in its grinding segment 120 122, which is coaxial to a longitudinal central axis 126 of the grinding wheel 116 is arranged. The cavity 122 extends over the entire length of the grinding segment 120, that is to say from the carrier body 118 to one lower grinding surface 130 of the grinding segment 120 and occurs there Outside. The grinding segment 120 is rectangular in cross section and has a recess 132 in the region of the cavity 122, so that the grinding surface resting on the workpiece, not shown here 130, in contrast to the prior art, no closed area forms, but rather a rectangular circumferential grinding surface 130 represents.

In the transition to the carrier body 118 is in the grinding segment 120 on the latter Narrow sides each formed a ventilation duct 152 through which the in Air can escape to the outside.

Due to the cavity 122 formed in the grinding segment 120, the Wall of the grinding segment 120 now comparatively thin, in Contrary to a fully solid grinding segment. Through this thin-walled design of the grinding segment 120 can the Grinding heat is released to the environment much better as the grinding segment 120 now has an outer surface 134 and has an inner surface 136 available through which the heat to the Ambient air can be released. Furthermore, the Heat transport much faster because of the thin-walled Grinding segment 120 is now less distance to travel. By the ventilation duct 152, the heat can then be dissipated so that No heat build-up occurs in the grinding segment 120.

Because of the better heat dissipation with the grinding wheel 116 achieves a higher grinding performance, so that with the same feed of the workpiece a higher stock removal is achieved, although the for Grinding surface 130 available for grinding is now very much is made smaller.

Except for the formation of a cavity 122 and except for the invention Forming the grinding wheel 116 with ventilation channels 152 corresponds to the grinding tool shown in Figures 1a to 1c grinding tool known from EP 758 573 B1, on which on this Full reference is made.

As can be seen very clearly in FIG. 1b, the longitudinal central axis is 126 of the grinding wheel 116, and thus also the grinding segment 120 and in particular, the grinding surface 130 is inclined such that between the Grinding surface 130 and the surface of the workpiece an angle α trains. In the embodiment shown here, the angle is α about 25 °. In other embodiments not shown here, the Angle α between 2 ° and 35 °. By adjusting the grinding surface 130 by the angle α by the feed of the workpiece forces occurring with a larger axial component in the Grinding segment 120 initiated, so that the risk of breaking off Parts of the grinding segment 120 is reduced.

The second embodiment of a grinding wheel 216 shown in FIG. 2 largely corresponds to the grinding wheel shown in FIGS. 1a to 1c 116, however, has four ventilation channels 252, all of which are connected to the Cavity 222 of the grinding segment 220 are operatively connected. This Vent channels 252 are arranged near the support body 218 and in Formed a recess in the grinding segment 220, with each A ventilation duct 252 is arranged on the side of the grinding segment 220. Through the ventilation channels 252 more heated air can be released from the inside step of the grinding segment 220 into the open. The abrasive wheel 216 can can also be attached to the grinding plate 114 according to FIG. 1a.

In another embodiment, not shown here, there is only one only ventilation channel provided, which is preferably on the in Direction of rotation seen back of the grinding segment is arranged.

The grinding tools 310, 410, 510 and 610 are analogous to the grinding tool 110 described above trained, but differ in the cross section of each Grinding segments 320, 420, 520, 620 from each other. The grinding segment 320 of the grinding tool 310 according to FIG. 3 is in cross section as a regular trapezoid and the grinding segment 420 of the grinding tool 410 is designed as an equilateral triangle. The grinding segment 320 is with its narrow side to Center axis 312 aligned and analogous to this shows a tip of the triangular grinding segment 420 towards the central axis 412.

In the fifth embodiment shown in Fig. 5, the grinding segments 520 of the grinding tool 510 is oval in cross section, while the sixth grinding tool 610 shown in FIG Cross-section of rectangular grinding segment 620.

7a and 7b is a seventh embodiment of an inventive Grinding tool 710, here a full grinding wheel, shown, which also has a grinding plate 714 rotating about a central axis 712 is provided, on which a large number of grinding wheels 716 are non-detachably attached are. As can be seen from FIG. 7b, this grinding wheel settles 716 from a metallic carrier body 718 and a diamond grinding segment 720 together, both of which have the same cross-section and aligned flush with each other. This ensures good heat transfer reached. Here, too, a cavity 722 is provided in the grinding segment 720, while additionally a cavity 724 also exists in the carrier body 718 is provided, which are both aligned with each other. This grinding wheel 716 can be soldered to the grinding plate 714 with its carrier body 718 or be welded on.

In this embodiment, both the cavities 722, 724 are the carrier body 718 and the grinding segment 720 coaxially about a longitudinal central axis 726 arranged, the longitudinal central axis 726 not parallel is arranged to the central axis 712, but by the angle α opposite the central axis 712 is inclined. It follows that one Grinding surface 730 of grinding segment 720 having recess 732 by the angle α relative to the surface of a workpiece to be machined 738 is inclined. In this embodiment, the angle is α approx. 10 °. In this way, due to the direction of arrow 740 in progress through workpiece 738 onto the grinding segment 720 forces no longer only radial, but not with one insignificant axial component, so that the risk of Damage to the grinding segment 720 due to the feed forces is lowered.

On the side facing the center of the grinding plate 714 A grinding channel 716 has a ventilation channel 752 in the carrier body 718 formed, which opens into the cavity 724 and with the cavity 722 is in operative connection. In this way, the cavity 722, 724 pent-up heat emerge. It is understood that in another Embodiment of the vent channel 752 also on another side of the Carrier body 718 can be attached and / or that a second Vent channel is provided.

The eighth embodiment of an inventive device shown in FIG Grinding tool 810 essentially corresponds to that in FIGS. 7a and 7b shown seventh embodiment of the grinding tool 710, however, does not have a ventilation duct. On the other hand, this has eighth Embodiment additionally a leading through the grinding plate 814 Vent hole 850, which directly into a cavity 824 in the carrier body 818 opens and thus a connection between the cavity 824 and the surrounding area. This vent hole 850 causes (analogous to the ventilation duct 152, 252, 752 in FIGS. 1a / b, 2 and 7a / b), that in the cavity 822 of the grinding segment 820 and / or in Cavity 824 of the carrier body 818 located, heated air after can get outside and be replaced by cooler fresh air. Hereby becomes the already good heat dissipation of the grinding segment 820 improved even further.

The grinding wheel 916 shown enlarged in FIG. 9 has one of four Sub-segments 942, 944, 946, 948 compound grinding segment 920, all of which are sintered in one piece with the carrier body 916: All four Sub-segments 942, 944, 946 and: 948 are in this way on the carrier body 918 attached that they enclose the cavity 922 and that in the A recess 932 remains in the grinding surface 930.

The subsegments 942, 944, 946, 948 are in a generally known manner provided with diamond chips. However, the concentration of the diamond chips different in the four subsegments 942, 944, 946, 948, the sub-segment 942 and the lower segment 944 arranged at the front in the direction of rotation has a diamond splinter density of about 45%, while in the direction of rotation and feed rear sub-segments 946, 948 only a diamond splinter density of about 25%. This will make the circumstance Considered that the sub-segments lying in front in the direction of movement 942, 944 have to achieve a higher grinding performance. On Because of this, the sub-segments lying at the front wear out 942 and 944 normally stronger than the rear subsegments 946 and 948. However, this effect is due to the different concentration the diamond shard balanced, making an almost even one Wear of the grinding segment 920 occurs, which is why this grinding segment can be used longer and why less waste occurs.

The grinding wheel 916 shown in FIG. 9 also has one in the Carrier body 918 integrated ventilation channel 952, which with the cavity 922 is operatively connected inside the grinding segment 920. This Vent channel 952 is thereby formed by two elongate carrier bodies 918, 919 limited to which the grinding segment 920 is applied. It understands that this grinding body 910 both on the grinding plate 714 of the Grinding tool 710 according to FIG. 7a, as well as on the grinding plate 814 of the Grinding tool 810 according to FIG. 8 can be attached.

If the grinding body 916 is mounted on a grinding plate 814 according to FIG. 8, the ventilation channel 952 is not only in operative connection with the cavity 922, 924, but also with the ventilation hole 850 according to FIG. 8, so that an even better air circulation and thus an even better heat dissipation is achieved.

Claims (10)

Diamond grinding tool for a grinding tool for surface processing of workpieces, preferably in the dry grinding process, with a grinding segment (120, 220, 320, 420, 520, 620, 720, 920) which is on a carrier body (118, 218, 718, 918, 919 ) and a cavity (122, 222, 722, 922) is formed in the grinding segment (120, 220, 320, 420, 520, 620, 720, 920),
characterized in that in the grinding segment (120, 220, 320, 420, 520, 620) and / or in the carrier body (718, 918, 919) at least one ventilation channel (152, 252, 752, 952) is provided which is connected to the cavity (122, 222, 722, 922) of the grinding segment (120, 220, 320, 420, 520, 620, 720, 920) is operatively connected. Abrasive body according to claim 1,
characterized in that the grinding segment (120, 220, 320, 420, 520, 620, 720, 920) together with the carrier body (118, 218, 718, 918, 919) on a grinding tool (110, 310, 410, 510, 610, 710) is sintered in one piece. Abrasive body according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that the grinding segment (320, 420, 520) is trapezoidal, triangular or oval in cross section. Abrasive body according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that the grinding segment (920) is composed of two or more subsegments (942, 944, 946, 948), the subsegments (942, 944, 946, 948) being sintered in one piece with the carrier body (918, 919) . Abrasive body according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that a stronger abrasive concentration is provided in the feed and / or direction of rotation at the front than seen in the feed and / or direction of rotation at the rear. Diamond grinding tool for the surface processing of workpieces, preferably using the dry grinding method, with a grinding plate (114, 714) arranged rotatably about its central axis (112, 312, 412, 712), on which a number of diamond grinding bodies (116, 216, 716, 916 ) are held,
marked by
Abrasive bodies (116, 216, 716, 916) which are designed according to at least one of the preceding claims. Grinding tool according to claim 6,
characterized in that in the case of a trapezoidal grinding segment (320) the narrow side is oriented towards the central axis (312). Grinding tool according to claim 6,
characterized in that in the case of a triangular grinding segment (420) a tip to the central axis. (412) is aligned. Grinding tool according to one of claims 6 to 8,
characterized in that the grinding surface (130, 730) is inclined relative to the surface of the workpiece (738) to be ground by 0.5 degrees to 60 degrees, preferably 2 degrees to 35 degrees. Diamond grinding tool for surface machining of workpieces, preferably using the dry grinding method, in particular according to one of claims 6 to 9, with a grinding plate (714, 814) which is rotatable about its central axis (712) and on which a number of diamond grinding bodies (716, 816, 916), a cavity (722, 822, 922) being formed in the grinding segment (720, 820, 920) of the diamond grinding body (716, 816, 916),
characterized in that a vent hole (850) is provided in the grinding plate (814), which is operatively connected to the cavity (722, 822, 922) in the grinding segment (720, 820, 920) and / or to a vent channel (752, 952) .

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