EP1121492B1 - Deviateur pour cable de hauban - Google Patents

Deviateur pour cable de hauban Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1121492B1
EP1121492B1 EP99947576A EP99947576A EP1121492B1 EP 1121492 B1 EP1121492 B1 EP 1121492B1 EP 99947576 A EP99947576 A EP 99947576A EP 99947576 A EP99947576 A EP 99947576A EP 1121492 B1 EP1121492 B1 EP 1121492B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cable
deflector
strands
deflector according
channel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP99947576A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1121492A1 (fr
Inventor
Louis Demilecamps
Cyrille Fargier
Etienne Rousselet
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vinci Construction Grands Projets SAS
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Vinci Construction Grands Projets SAS
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Publication date
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Publication of EP1121492A1 publication Critical patent/EP1121492A1/fr
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D19/00—Structural or constructional details of bridges
    • E01D19/14—Towers; Anchors ; Connection of cables to bridge parts; Saddle supports
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/08—Members specially adapted to be used in prestressed constructions
    • E04C5/12—Anchoring devices

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a diverter for n-strand cable separated, of the type comprising at least one body which has two opposite faces at least approximately perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the body, and which is pierced of n holes traversing the body from one side to the other of the latter and arranged according to a mesh network, each hole having an inner diameter corresponding to the diameter outside of a cable strand.
  • the strands of the cable are usually arranged in the form of a mesh network, for example, a network to triangular mesh.
  • a mesh network for example, a network to triangular mesh.
  • the mesh should be as small and compact as possible so as to minimize the cable resistance to wind and reduce the cost of this running part, especially the cost of the cable sheath and the material injected into this sheath for the cable protection.
  • the strands be separated from each other in such a way that one can juxtapose the jaws of tightening or the sleeves which are used to individually fix the strands to the head anchor. It is therefore usually provided with a deflator which makes it possible to pass the strands from the wide mesh of the anchor head to the compact mesh of the part current of the stay cable.
  • the strands At the anchor head and at the deflector, the strands not undergo sharp angular deflection and should not touch each other in order to improve the fatigue behavior of the anchor. More generally, we seek to limit, or even eliminate, the metal-to-metal contacts because, in use, such contacts are likely to cause wear by small deflections, which those skilled in the art call "fretting corrosion".
  • a common technique is therefore to subject each strand a small angular deviation, which is generally less than 2 ° and usually about 1 °, in placing a deflector at a distance from the anchor head such as the deflection of most deviated strands, that is to say those on the periphery of the cable, either less than the angle indicated above.
  • the deflector is usually constituted by a device of the collar type, which clamps the strands sheathed together. The strands then touch each other by their individual sheath.
  • the deflector is usually constituted by a plastic disk, which is pierced with as many holes as strands, each strand passing through a respective hole in the disc and each hole having an axis parallel to the longitudinal axis of the stay cable.
  • the distance between the deflector and the anchor head can reach 3.4 m in the case of a cable composed of 61 strands of the T15S type commonly used for cable cables, and about 2.6 m in the case of a cable consisting of 37 strands.
  • the coaxiality between the anchor head and the deflector must be guaranteed at the risk of introducing an additional angular deflection. Therefore, the deflector must be maintained by a rigid connection (possibly semi-rigid), which can be constituted for example by a formwork tube in a pylon or by a tube embedded in a screed. This link supports significant efforts to "the state ultimate limit ", which requires, in certain anchoring configurations, a mounting of the connecting tube all the more complex as the deflector is placed far anchor head.
  • Cable anchoring systems are known in which each individual strands of the cable is brought to follow a curved path either in a kind deflector placed immediately before the anchor head or heads (US Pat. No. 4,473,915 and US Pat. FR - 1.328.971), or in the structure of the concrete structure (US-4,442,646, FIG. 4), still in the anchor head itself (US-4,442,646, FIG. 6, US-4,484,425).
  • the said strands pass individually in curved guide tubes which are embedded in a concrete matrix or cement grout.
  • the guide tubes In anchoring systems known from US Pat. Nos. 4,473,915 and 4,442,646. and US-4,484,425, the guide tubes have an inside diameter substantially larger than the outer diameter of the individual strands. A resin epoxy, mortar or grout is injected to fill the spaces gaps between each strand and the inner wall of the guide tube which surrounds it. With a such a known arrangement, it is not possible to obtain a deviation of the strands such the strands of the bundle of strands coming out of the deviator, on the side of the current of the cable, are arranged according to a mesh network having a very small mesh size.
  • the diameter inside of the guide tubes should be of the order of 22 mm to allow a good injection of the residual space between the strand and the tube with a grout of cement.
  • the thickness of the wall of the guide tubes depends of course on the nature of the material that constitutes them and their type; we can consider that this thickness is between 2 and 3 mm.
  • the cross-section overall bundle of parallel strands forming the cable has a relative diameter large, requiring the use of a protective cable sheath itself having a relatively large diameter adapted to that of the cable.
  • the cable is a cable of stay cable, it presents a relatively high wind resistance because of the relatively large diameter of its sheath.
  • an epoxy resin, a mortar or a cement grout is injected into the guide tubes, the strands can no longer be extracted from the said tubes after taking the injected material. As a result, it is not possible to carry out a strand-on-strand replacement if necessary, and that the cable must then be completely replaced as well as at least part of its anchoring systems.
  • the present invention therefore aims to provide a deflector allowing to achieve both a substantial reduction in the total length of the zone of deflection and anchoring strands of a guy cable, a mesh size also as small as possible for the mesh network formed by the strands in the current part cable, and the possibility of replacing one or more cable strands, strand by strand, and while avoiding subjecting said strands to angular deviations localized unacceptable.
  • the invention provides a deflector according to claim 1.
  • each channel of the deflector has a predefined curvature, constant or non-constant, which is compatible with the strength of the strand and its resistance to fatigue, and which allows to pass the strands of the first mesh size at the second mesh size, respectively at the level of first and second faces of the body of the deflector, on a length of deflection which, as will be seen later, is much less than that which is necessary with the conventional deflectors placed away from the anchor head.
  • the radius of curvature (min of R) of the diverter channels that are located at the periphery of the mesh network have a preference value greater than or equal to 2 m and preferably for example, the value (min of R) is equal to 2.5 m.
  • said first mesh size (m 1 ) has a value that satisfies the relation: ⁇ + 1,5 mm ⁇ m 1 ⁇ ⁇ + 5 mm where ⁇ is the value of the inner diameter of the channels which itself satisfies the relation: ⁇ + 0.4 mm ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ + 2 mm where ⁇ is the diameter value of a cable strand.
  • each curved path of the deviator channels has two parts successive curved in opposite directions, namely, starting from the first face of the body of the deflector, a first part having a concavity turned towards the outside of the body, followed by a second part having a concavity turned towards the interior of the body.
  • each curved path of the deflector channels is curved monotonous way from the first to the second face of the deviator's body.
  • the size of the mesh of the mesh network formed by the deviator channels on the second face of it can be chosen to match the mesh size of the holes in the anchor head.
  • the deflector can be attached to the anchor head to form a very compact set.
  • each channel of the deviator is contiguous to a corresponding hole in the anchor head and forms with it a path continuous for the strand that passes through them, threading the strands through the holes of the anchor head and the diverter channels is greatly facilitated and one can get pass guide tubes which, with some known deflectors located at a distance of the anchor head, should be provided between the deflector and the anchor head for guide the strands from one to the other of these two elements.
  • each strand is in contact with the inner surface of the corresponding channel of the deflector over a length relatively large compared to a conventional deflector. Because of this relatively long contact length, and because of the curved shape of the path followed by each strand in the deflector, each strand is submitted in service, when it is stretched, to a frictional force in the corresponding channel of the deflector, in the where the strands are attached to the anchoring head by means of clamping jaws, the friction forces applied to the strands by the deflector make it possible to reduce the amplitude of the stresses of fatigue experienced by the strands in the clamping jaws anchor head. In this respect, the deflector according to the invention thus acts as a filtered.
  • Figure 1 shows a conventional anchor 1 for a guy cable multi-strand 2.
  • Anchor 1 comprises an anchor head 4, which is pierced with n holes 5 (37 holes in the example shown) in each of which the strands 3 of the stay cable 2 are anchored individually in a known manner, for example by means of keys or conical jaws 6, in which case the holes 5 are partly cylindrical and partly conical.
  • the holes 5 of the anchoring head 4 are arranged according to an arrangement forming a mesh network, for example equilateral triangle mesh (Figure 3), which has a given size of mesh, for example 33 mm in the case where we use T15S type 1770 or 1860 MPa strands (corresponding to a force guarantee at break of 265,500 or 279,000 N) which have a diameter of 15,7 mm.
  • the mesh size is the distance between the axes of any pair of adjacent holes 5.
  • the current part of the cable of guy 2 is the part that extends between the anchor 1 shown in Figure 1 and another anchor (not shown) located at the other end of the stay cable 2, and which passes usually in a sheath 9 (only a very small part of this sheath is visible in Figure 1) constituted for example by a high density polyethylene tube (HDPE).
  • a sheath 9 constituted for example by a high density polyethylene tube (HDPE).
  • HDPE high density polyethylene tube
  • the deflector 7 made for example of HDPE, is attached to one end of a metal tube 11, itself fixed or embedded in a portion 12 of a structure to guy.
  • the tube 11 supports and maintains the deflector 7 at a predefined distance l 1 (FIG. 4) from the anchoring head 4.
  • This distance l 1 is usually chosen so that the angular deflection ⁇ produced by the deflector 7 remains lower or equal to a preset value usually 1 to 2 ° for all the strands 3 so that, in use, they are not subjected to too much fatigue at the point where they leave the deflector 7, that is to say at the exit orifices, holes 8 oriented towards the anchoring head 4, and possibly also at the point where they enter the anchoring head 4, that is to say at the inlet orifices of the holes 5 facing the deflector 7 if the axes of the holes 5 are parallel to the longitudinal central axis 13 of the anchorage 1.
  • d denotes the transverse offset experienced by any of the strands 3 of the cable 2 between the deflector 7 and the anchoring head 4.
  • e 1 the distance between the axis 13 and the axis of the hole 8 through which the strand 3 passes in the deflector 7, and e 2 the distance between the axis 13 and the axis of the hole 5 through which the strand passes in the anchoring head 4
  • the distance l 1 must be calculated for the holes of highest rank.
  • a cable 2 of 37 strands of the T15S type with a mesh size m 1 of 18 mm, a mesh size m 2 of 33 mm, an angular deflection ⁇ of 1 ° and a value of r equal to 3, we obtain a distance l 1 equal to 2.56 m.
  • r is equal to 4 and with the same values of the parameters m 1 , m 2 and ⁇ , we obtain for the distance for the distance l 1 a value of 3.44 m. From the foregoing, it can thus be seen that in the conventional anchor 1 shown in FIG. 1, the distance l 1 must be relatively large. Thanks to the present invention, this distance can be considerably reduced as will now be seen.
  • FIG. 5 shows an anchor 10 using a deflector 7 according to a first embodiment of the invention.
  • the elements of the anchor 10 of FIG. 5 which are identical or which play the same role as those of the conventional anchor 1 of FIG. 1 are designated by the same reference numbers and will not be described again in detail.
  • the deflector 7 of the anchor 10 of FIG. 5 is in the form of a body 14, for example cylindrical, which has an axial length greater than that of the deflector 7 of the conventional anchor 1 of FIG. and which comprises as many channels 8 as there are strands 3 in the cable 2.
  • Each channel 8 preferably has an inside diameter ⁇ which satisfies the relation: ⁇ + 0.4 mm ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ + 2 mm where ⁇ is the outside diameter of a strand 3.
  • the mesh network formed by the channels 8 of the deflector 7 of FIG. 5 has a first mesh dimension m 1 which may be the same as that of the mesh network formed by the holes of the 7 of Figures 1 and 2.
  • the mesh network formed by the channels 8 of the deflector 7 of Figure 5 has a second dimension of mesh m 2 which is greater than the first mesh size m 1 and which is preferably equal to the mesh size of the network formed by the holes 5 of the anchor head 4. In these conditions, the deflector 7 and the head of anchorage 4 can be joined to each other as shown in Figure 5.
  • the central channel 8 of the deflector 7 which is located on the axis longitudinal axis of the body 14 and which is straight
  • all the other channels 8 of the deflector 7 of the 5 extend between the two faces of the body 14 along a curved path, which has any point a curvature at most equal to a predefined maximum curvature.
  • the curved path of the channels located at the periphery of the network mesh have a stronger curvature than that of the channel paths closer to the longitudinal axis of the body 14, while remaining nevertheless less than the curvature predefined maximum.
  • this predefined maximum curvature is chosen so as to be compatible with the mechanical strength of the strands 3 and with their resistance to fatigue.
  • the minimum radius of curvature of the channel curve 8 is at least 1 m, preferably at least equal to 2 m, for example equal to 2.5 m.
  • each channel 8 of the deviator 7 comprises two successive parts curved in opposite directions. More precisely, starting from the face of the body 14 which is turned towards the sheath 9, each channel 8 has a curved path that has a first part whose concavity is radially outwardly of the body 14, and a second part whose concavity is turned radially inwardly of said body 14, the two parts are connecting to one another continuously.
  • the length of the deflection zone of the strands 3 of the cable 2 is equal to the axial length of the body 14 of the deflector 7. Comparing FIGS. 1 and 5, in which the anchors 1 and 10 have been drawn to the same scale, it can be seen that the length of the zone of the deviation of the strands 3 in the anchorage 10 is significantly shorter than the length of the deflection zone of the strands 3 in the conventional anchoring 1, the length of this last zone corresponding to the distance l 1 .
  • the length of the deflection zone of strands 3, that is to say the length of the body 14 of the deflector 7, can be further reduced more.
  • the other channels 8 of the deflector 7 have a curved path which is curved monotonically from one of the end faces of the body 14 to its opposite end face, each curved path having a concavity oriented radially outwardly of the body 14.
  • each curved path has the shape of an arc of a circle, that is to say that it has a constant curvature, without this constitutes an imperative limitation of the invention.
  • every curve could have a curvature that varies from an end face to the face opposite end of the body 14, provided however that at each point of each curved path the curvature remains lower than the predefined maximum curvature above.
  • the length 1 2 of the deflector 7 according to the invention (FIG. 6) is 5.4 times smaller than the length 1 of the the deflection area of the conventional anchorage 1 and, for a 61-strand cable, the length l 2 is 6.4 times smaller than the length l 1 .
  • the length l 2 of the deflector 7 would be approximately equal to twice that of the deflector 7 of FIG. 6, the values obtained in this case remaining, however, significantly lower than those of the length l 1 .
  • the length of the metal tube 11 which supports and keeps the deflector can be greatly reduced, since its length can be equal to the length l 2 of the deflector as shown in Figures 5 and 6.
  • the deflector 7 according to the invention (FIG. 5 or 6) can be manufactured from different ways, which will now be described with reference to Figures 8 to 11.
  • the body 14 of the deflector 7 is in a castable and curable plastic material, such as for example a resin possibly containing fillers or a mortar based on resin.
  • Channels 8 are defined by cores, for example by curved tubes (not shown) and which respectively have predefined curvatures corresponding to the desired curvature of the path of each channel 8.
  • the tubes may be plastic or metal.
  • a sheet 15 made of a metal that is less hard and more electropositive than the steel constituting the cable strands, is placed around each tube or elongated core used to form each channel 8 and the tubes are placed inside a mold (not shown), which can be itself constituted in part by the tube 11 shown in FIG. sheet 15 may be for example zinc or aluminum alloy and it has example a thickness of about 5/10 mm (this thickness was strongly exaggerated in figure 8 for the clarity of the drawing).
  • the castable and curable resin intended to form the body 14 is then cast or injected into the mold.
  • the tubes serving as cores for molding are removed from the body 14 after demolding, while the leaves 15 remain in the 8 channels to double their inner surface.
  • the body 14 of the deflector 7 is made by molding in the same manner as the embodiment of FIG. except that, in this case, the channels 8 are not internally lined with a sheet or other metal coating.
  • the cores for forming the channels 8 in the body 14 may have a skin and / or be coated with a material facilitating their removal from the body 14 after molding of it.
  • each channel 8 is machined in the material of the body of the deflector 7, for example by means of a tool 16 in the form of a half-diabolo, which has a curved profile corresponding to the desired curvature of the curved path of the channel 8.
  • the deflector 7 is preferably constituted by several bodies, for example three bodies 14a, 14b, and 14c, pierced with n holes and arranged successively on the same longitudinal axis and preferably juxtaposed, the holes homologues of the three bodies 14a, 14b and 14c each defining a curved channel continuous 8 for a strand 3 of the cable 2.
  • Each hole or channel 8 of the intermediate body 14b which has an axial length greater than that of the two end bodies 14a and 14c can be drilled using the tool 16 from each of the two end faces intermediate body 14b, so that the two holes thus formed are join in the middle of the intermediate body 14b.
  • the shoulders that appear at the interfaces of the three bodies 14a, 14b and 14c, because of differences in diameter of the holes 8 at these places, can be slaughtered by milling, as shown in 17, so as not to interfere with the threading of the strand in the aligned holes of the three body 14a-14c.
  • These three bodies can be made of metal, preferably in a less hard metal and more electropositive than the steel constituting the strands, for example aluminum or an aluminum alloy.
  • the three bodies 14a to 14c can also be made of steel, but in this case the surface of the channels 8 will preferably be lined with a layer of softer material than steel constituting the strands of the cable. If this layer is itself metallic, it can be deposited for example by an electrolytic deposition process or by any other appropriate method.
  • the deflector 7 is obtained by a mixed process combining the methods described above.
  • the diverter 7 can be constituted by two juxtaposed bodies 14a and 14d.
  • the body 14a whose holes 8 are the closest to each other, can be metal or material thermoplastic material, for example a material selected from the range of HDPE or 6.
  • the body 14a can then be produced according to the machining technique. removal of material described with reference to FIG. 10, or according to a technique injection pressure.
  • the body 14d can be produced according to the technique of molding a thermosetting plastic material described with reference to FIG. 9.
  • the deflector 7 according to the invention is attached to the head 4, although this provision is particularly favorable from the point of view the guidance of the strands 3 and the point of view of the total length of the anchor 10.
  • the deflector 7 is composed of several successive bodies, these are not necessarily attached to each other, but they can be slightly spaced apart from each other, for example a few dozen centimeters.
  • the body 14 or the bodies 14a to 14c are not necessarily cylindrical, but they may be frustoconical or partly cylindrical and partly frustoconical, or they may have a non-circular section, for example a polygonal section.
  • each channel 8 has a constant curvature (arc) throughout its length.
  • the curvature of each curved path may indeed vary over all or part of the path length, provided that at any point of said path the value (min of R) of the radius of curvature remains within the limits indicated above.
  • each channel may have a curved path portion, with the same curvature for all channels, but different curved path lengths (the channels at the periphery of the mesh network having the longest curved path portions, and channels near the middle of the mesh network having the shortest curved path portions), and a straight path portion following the curved path portion.
  • the free spaces between each strand and the wall of the corresponding channel of the deflector can be filled with a protective agent against corrosion such as, for example, a flexible viscoelastic resin, a wax oil, grease, or other soft materials that do not interfere with the possibility of replacement of one or more strands, strand by strand.
  • a protective agent against corrosion such as, for example, a flexible viscoelastic resin, a wax oil, grease, or other soft materials that do not interfere with the possibility of replacement of one or more strands, strand by strand.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
  • Insulated Conductors (AREA)
  • Electric Cable Installation (AREA)
  • Ropes Or Cables (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
EP99947576A 1998-10-16 1999-10-14 Deviateur pour cable de hauban Expired - Lifetime EP1121492B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9812980 1998-10-16
FR9812980 1998-10-16
PCT/FR1999/002496 WO2000023654A1 (fr) 1998-10-16 1999-10-14 Deviateur pour cable de hauban

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1121492A1 EP1121492A1 (fr) 2001-08-08
EP1121492B1 true EP1121492B1 (fr) 2003-07-23

Family

ID=9531638

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP99947576A Expired - Lifetime EP1121492B1 (fr) 1998-10-16 1999-10-14 Deviateur pour cable de hauban

Country Status (11)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1121492B1 (ko)
JP (1) JP4104826B2 (ko)
KR (1) KR100573995B1 (ko)
AR (1) AR020809A1 (ko)
AT (1) ATE245727T1 (ko)
AU (1) AU6097399A (ko)
CA (1) CA2346558A1 (ko)
DE (1) DE69909813D1 (ko)
PE (1) PE20000998A1 (ko)
TW (1) TW434353B (ko)
WO (1) WO2000023654A1 (ko)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH11148355A (ja) * 1997-11-14 1999-06-02 Mazda Motor Corp 筒内噴射型火花点火式エンジン
FR2806107B1 (fr) * 2000-03-13 2002-10-11 Freyssinet Int Stup Selle de deviation pour cable et structure de genie civil comprenant une telle selle de deviation
GB2514621B (en) * 2013-05-31 2020-04-15 Vsl Int Ag Cable anchorage
CN106812251A (zh) * 2015-12-01 2017-06-09 衡阳市新德力预应力有限公司 一种预应力张拉端锚固装置
JP7430617B2 (ja) * 2020-10-16 2024-02-13 日本碍子株式会社 ウエハ載置台

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1328971A (fr) * 1962-04-21 1963-06-07 Stup Procedes Freyssinet Dispositif de mise en tension et d'ancrage de câbles de précontrainte formés d'ungrand nombre de fils ou de torons
GB1117114A (en) * 1964-10-26 1968-06-12 Lift Slab Pty Ltd Anchorages for concrete pre-stressing tendons
US4442646A (en) * 1980-10-28 1984-04-17 Ponteggi Est S.P.A. Device for anchoring tensioning elements
DE3138819C2 (de) * 1981-09-30 1986-10-23 Dyckerhoff & Widmann AG, 8000 München Verfahren zur Montage eines zwischen seinen Verankerungsstellen frei gespannt verlaufenden Zuggliedes, insbesondere eines Schrägkabels für eine Schrägkabelbrücke
US4484425A (en) * 1982-07-21 1984-11-27 Figg And Muller Engineers, Inc. Anchorage of cables

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Publication number Publication date
WO2000023654A1 (fr) 2000-04-27
CA2346558A1 (fr) 2000-04-27
KR100573995B1 (ko) 2006-04-25
KR20010033161A (ko) 2001-04-25
TW434353B (en) 2001-05-16
JP4104826B2 (ja) 2008-06-18
JP2002527653A (ja) 2002-08-27
EP1121492A1 (fr) 2001-08-08
AU6097399A (en) 2000-05-08
ATE245727T1 (de) 2003-08-15
AR020809A1 (es) 2002-05-29
PE20000998A1 (es) 2000-10-13
DE69909813D1 (de) 2003-08-28

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