EP1105597B1 - Device for fixing bars, posts, masts and such like in the ground and method for producing such a fixing device - Google Patents

Device for fixing bars, posts, masts and such like in the ground and method for producing such a fixing device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1105597B1
EP1105597B1 EP99940164A EP99940164A EP1105597B1 EP 1105597 B1 EP1105597 B1 EP 1105597B1 EP 99940164 A EP99940164 A EP 99940164A EP 99940164 A EP99940164 A EP 99940164A EP 1105597 B1 EP1105597 B1 EP 1105597B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fastening device
basic body
ground
anchoring
essentially
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP99940164A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1105597A1 (en
Inventor
Klaus Krinner
Günther THURNER
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Krinner Innovation GmbH
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Krinner Innovation GmbH
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H12/00—Towers; Masts or poles; Chimney stacks; Water-towers; Methods of erecting such structures
    • E04H12/22—Sockets or holders for poles or posts
    • E04H12/2207—Sockets or holders for poles or posts not used
    • E04H12/2215—Sockets or holders for poles or posts not used driven into the ground
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H12/00—Towers; Masts or poles; Chimney stacks; Water-towers; Methods of erecting such structures
    • E04H12/22—Sockets or holders for poles or posts
    • E04H12/2207—Sockets or holders for poles or posts not used
    • E04H12/2215—Sockets or holders for poles or posts not used driven into the ground
    • E04H12/2223—Sockets or holders for poles or posts not used driven into the ground by screwing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fastening device for rods, posts, Masts or the like in the ground and a method for their production a fastening device.
  • Fastening devices for rods, posts, masts or the like for Pounding or screwing in the ground are usually by cast metal or Welding of individual prefabricated molded parts.
  • the production of cast or milled parts is relatively complex and expensive Manufacture of molded parts does not allow 100% utilization of the raw material, which also leads to an increase in the cost of production. additionally cause the joints where the individual molded parts are welded, glued or are pressed, possibly a weakening of the stability of the basic body the corresponding fastening devices.
  • a fastening device is known from DE-GM 93 13 258.1. This has one that can be screwed into and out of the soil Threaded section and a holding section for receiving the Rod, post, mast or the like on, being between the threaded portion and the holding section a conical, when screwing the fastening device effective displacement body for the soil is arranged.
  • the threaded section is a cast part and carries a helical one Thread.
  • the following displacement body is frustoconical and substantially hollow and is on the Side of its smaller diameter on the substantially cylindrical or weakly conical solid core of the threaded section welded.
  • the Opening angle of the truncated cone-shaped displacement body is significantly larger than the angle of the threaded section.
  • the threaded section and the displacement body form the anchoring section of the fastening device.
  • the fastening device and in particular the anchoring section according to DE-GM 93 13 258.1 is composed of several parts and welded, in the case of screwing in and out or in the case of forces acting on the fastening device, strength problems can arise, in particular in the area of the connection between the Thread section and the displacement section come.
  • the threaded section of the anchoring section which is designed as a casting with a solid core, requires a large amount of material.
  • the one that remains the same over the entire anchoring section relatively obtuse cone angle on the one hand more difficult due to occurring Radial forces screwing the fastening device into the ground and does not allow secure fastening of the fastening device due to the cone shape in the ground, because radially occurring due to the obtuse cone angle Forces, such as vibrations, cause to loosen the anchoring section from the ground.
  • the fastening device according to DE-PS 40 02 830 consists of plastic material, which requires production by lamination, thermoforming, injection molding, etc. Due to the necessary preliminary work, these processes are relatively expensive and therefore expensive. An anchoring section produced in this way does not have any stability-reducing joints, but in order to achieve the necessary stability, it must be made of solid material.
  • EP 0 590 367 A1 discloses a knock-in floor anchor with longitudinal grooves, which has a channel as the receiving cavity.
  • the floor anchor according to EP 0 590 367 A1 can be manufactured by injection molding from plastic, but it can also be made in several pieces from steel.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of a fastening device for rods, posts, masts or the like to drive in or Screwing in the ground to create it essentially under all conditions offers a high degree of stability while using as little material as possible and thus allowing secure anchoring in the ground as well as secure and easy handling when hammering in or screwing in or out or from the ground.
  • Another object of the invention is therein, a method of manufacturing such a fastening device for rods, posts, masts or the like. in the ground, in particular for production to create a floor anchor with a base body, which inexpensive to manufacture a base body of a fastening device is and requires little material.
  • the object is achieved according to the invention with a method for the production a fastening device according to claim 1 and with a fastening device solved with the features of claim 10.
  • a fastening device for rods, posts, masts or the like.
  • a floor anchor and in particular for the production of a fastening device according to the present invention with a base body, wherein at least a portion of the base body can be provided with a screw or screw-like thread , but does not have to be mandatory, and wherein the base body has essentially a conical base shape with at least one conical section, the base body is hammered out of an essentially cylindrical tube into the base shape.
  • the screw or screw-shaped thread can then be attached to the base body at least in a partial section, in particular by welding a correspondingly prefabricated molded part.
  • the basic shape of the base body can be designed essentially as an anchoring section at an acute angle and in a cone shape, which enables it to be easily turned or screwed in.
  • the inventive method for producing a fastening device is a non-cutting process, there is practically 100% Material utilization of the starting material used, i.e. the used essentially cylindrical tube.
  • the Tube takes on a substantially conical shape through the Hammering process the wall thickness with a smaller diameter of the base body to, the cavity in the tube is essentially preserved.
  • the increase in wall thickness is in addition to the fact that the Base body, in particular the anchoring section, as a unit, i.e. in particular in one piece, can be essentially hollow, especially advantageous, because the achievable stability of the base body and so that the fastening device is larger than fastening devices, which are assembled and welded from several individual parts have to.
  • Another advantage is that the process is eliminated possible joining and assembly steps are less labor-intensive and therefore is inexpensive.
  • the basic shape of the base body as an integral anchoring section to train and there the essentially designed as a sleeve, to attach the holding section produced by means of a pipe end pressing process, in particular to weld.
  • Any other suitable connection technology is also possible. Attaching a first manufactured separately Holding section part allows greater flexibility in the design of the fastening device, e.g. considering different insert parts for the Holding portion.
  • the base body with the anchoring and holding section is essentially hollow throughout, whereby the Manufacturing costs can also be reduced due to the material savings can and the weight of the base body remains low.
  • the base body is at least in a lower section in the direction of insertion into the ground provided a hole through its wall.
  • At least one fin-like surface element is suitably attached, in particular welded, to the base body essentially in its longitudinal direction. It is particularly advantageous to attach three or four fin-like surface elements spaced at equal angles around the circumference.
  • the surface elements can be punched, cast, milled or produced in any other suitable way.
  • the fastening device according to the invention with a base body which can be produced in particular with the method described above, has an anchoring section for anchoring in the ground and a holding section for receiving the rod, post, mast or the like.
  • the anchoring section is designed as a conical, essentially acute-angled displacement body which has at least one conical section. It can also be two, three or more sections of different conicity. At least a portion of the displacer can carry a screw or screw-shaped thread for screwing in and out of the soil, but this is not mandatory. If the fastening device is intended to be driven into the ground, the thread is omitted.
  • the first conical section of the displacement body in the direction of insertion into the ground has a more acute cone angle than the second conical section following it.
  • the anchoring section is made in one piece from a hollow blank, in particular from an essentially cylindrical tube. Furthermore, according to the invention, the holding section and essentially the anchoring section are made hollow throughout.
  • a material for the fastening device according to the invention is in particular Metal, especially with appropriate anti-corrosion treatment suitable.
  • the anchoring section is preferably on the, in the insertion direction completed in the soil first section.
  • the conclusion can by material compression of the essentially cylindrical tube.
  • the anchoring section and the holding section in are essentially hollow throughout, results in addition to one Material and thus cost savings and reduced weight as a result
  • Another advantage is that the holding section and the anchoring section or Displacement body for receiving a bottom end of one with the Fastening device to be erected rod, post or the like can serve, the bottom end of this rod or post or the like through the substantially acute-angled cone inner surface of the sections or partial areas of the sections, in particular, fixing the position experienced in the horizontal plane and by the radially acting Forces are already self-locking jammed.
  • the anchoring section is essentially formed over its entire length as a conical, essentially acute-angled displacement body for the soil, the fastening device is clamped into the soil when it is driven into or screwed into the earth, since the soil and stones over the entire cone length are essentially pointed Displacement body angles are displaced.
  • the forces displacing the soil and any stones are greater than in the case of fastening devices which essentially displace the soil only in a relatively obtuse-angled displacement body region between a threaded section and the holding section. This makes driving in or screwing in easier.
  • the advantage over a consistently constant cone angle over the entire anchoring section is that at the beginning of the screwing in, a smaller cone angle facilitates the setting and aligning of the fastening device in the ground and keeps the force required when driving in or screwing in low.
  • the anchoring section consists of a blank is formed in one piece and thus no connection points in this area different composing parts occur, results in Compared to the prior art, improved stability of the anchoring section and the fastening device.
  • anchoring section and the holding section are integrally formed to the stability of the entire device to increase further.
  • the holding section is attached, in particular welded, to the anchoring section as a molded part as described above.
  • Any other suitable connection technology is also possible.
  • the essentially sleeve-shaped holding section can be adapted particularly well to different sizes of rods, posts, masts or the like to be used.
  • Such an essentially sleeve-shaped holding section advantageously consists of five sections.
  • the first section forms a cone for centering in the anchoring section of the base body which has been brought into the basic shape.
  • the second section is designed as a hexagon for the possible transmission of a rotary movement by means of an Allen key.
  • the third section is designed as a cylindrical section and defines the distance between the first section and the uppermost section of the anchoring section.
  • the fourth section provides the possibility of accommodating any fixing and positioning aids in the holding section, and the fifth section offers the possibility of clamping the rods, posts, masts or positioning and fixing devices to be fastened in the holding section.
  • the fastening device according to the invention or Base body manufactured according to the invention the possibility in the holding section a fixation of the objects to be fastened or the optional additional to enable used positioning devices.
  • the at least two subsections of the anchoring section a slight difference in the cone angle in the range of 1 up to 3 degrees. Any differences in the cone angle between others Sections can have the same angular range but also to be taller.
  • the thread is arranged according to the invention so that at least a portion of the anchoring section or the displacer a screw or helical thread.
  • the thread be substantially extends over the entire length of the anchoring section. It can over all or part of the individual conical sections extend.
  • the thread is part of the basic shape of the base body of the anchoring section attached, in particular welded.
  • the pull-in forces of the corresponding thread are of size the effective area on the thread. Because the entire anchoring section is conical, i.e. because the diameter of the thread-bearing areas of the anchoring section increases, too the thread diameter and thus the effective area on the thread greater.
  • two opposite forces namely one from the threaded portion built-up force, which strives to lower the fastening device to pull into the ground and one built up by the anchoring section opposing force through the compacted earth.
  • At least one fin-like surface element is suitably attached, in particular welded, to the smooth base body essentially in its longitudinal direction. It is particularly advantageous to attach three or four fin-like surface elements spaced at equal angles around the circumference.
  • the fin-like surface elements extend at least over a partial section of the anchoring section and project essentially radially from the base body.
  • Non-planar surface elements and / or surface elements arranged at a radial and / or axial angle are also possible, at least in partial regions.
  • the fin-like surface element or elements By attaching the fin-like surface element or elements, additional stability, in particular when the fastening device is turned in, can be achieved. They also offer improved directional guidance when turning. Since the effective side end face of the anchoring section in the ground is increased by the fin-like surface elements, the fastening device can absorb and dissipate higher lateral forces. In particular, this offers additional protection against twisting.
  • the essentially hollow anchoring section in its lower section, i.e. in the first conical section in the direction of insertion into the soil a hole.
  • the fastening device with a thread for screwing in into the ground at the anchoring section or the displacement body and / or at least one point of attack on the holding section a tool for applying the screw movement to the threaded section intended.
  • the point of attack from two offset by 180 ° to each other, in holes in a horizontal plane for receiving a rotating handle.
  • a handle for example one appropriately dimensioned rod or the like, by the two aligned holes are carried out, after which this rod to increase of the torque to be applied to the threaded section can be.
  • the device without thread to drive in, it can also be preferred that the device the holes described above having. This makes it possible for a handle, for example an appropriately dimensioned rod or the like, by the two aligned holes is performed, after which this rod to push in and / or to support the turning of the fastening device serves in the ground.
  • Figures 1 and 2 show two preferred embodiments the fastening device according to the invention for threading in and Unscrewing in and out of the ground. All information about these two figures with the exception of those related to the thread, can also be used for the fastening devices according to the invention without Apply threads for driving into the ground.
  • Fig. 1 shows a first preferred embodiment of the invention Fastening device with thread.
  • the fastening device has a base body 1 with an anchoring section 2 and a holding section 3, wherein the anchoring section 2 and the holding section 3 are integrally formed.
  • the anchoring section 2 is an essentially acute-angled displacement body trained and is in two sections of different conicity divided, the first conical section in the screwing direction has a more acute cone angle than the second one in the screwing direction conical section.
  • the first conical section carries a thread 4.
  • a tip 5 is attached to the first conical section.
  • the first conical section has a bore 6, which is through the wall of the base body 1 to the cavity of the substantially hollow basic body 1 extends.
  • the two conical sections of the base body from a substantially cylindrical tube into its conical shape Basic form hammered.
  • the holding section has two (one of which can be seen in FIG. 1) beans on that for receiving a rotary handle for screwing in the fastening device serve in the ground.
  • Fig. 2 shows a second preferred embodiment of the invention Fastening device with thread or the base body of the invention Fastening device with thread.
  • the base body 1 of the fastening device is used as an anchoring section, which was hammered into the basic form.
  • the anchoring section 2 has two sections of different taper, wherein the first lower conical section in the screwing direction has a tapered cone angle than the second conical one in the screwing direction Subsection.
  • the thread 4 extends over both conical sections.
  • To the anchoring section 2 trained basic form of the base body was a by means of pipe end pressing manufactured, essentially sleeve-shaped holding section 3 attached or welded on.
  • the basic body 1 thus formed is essentially hollow.
  • the hollow interior is (also in the other drawings) indicated by the dashed lines.
  • the base body 1 In the lower area of the base body 1 there is a bore 6 through the wall of the base body 1 extends to the hollow inner region of the base body 1. To the in the screwing direction, the first conical section of the anchoring section of the base body, which is designed as a displacement body, is a Square tip 5 pressed.
  • the stop area 3 is divided into five sections: in a first conical section for centering and fastening in the anchoring section, a second hexagonal shape Section for transmitting a rotary movement using an Allen key, so for example the fastening device in and out of the Turning the soil in or out, a third cylindrical section, a fourth conical section to accommodate any desired positioning and fixing devices in the holding section 3, and in a fifth section, which is used to clamp the to be fixed Objects can serve.
  • the essentially sleeve-shaped holding section 3 is by a essentially known Rohrendpreßcron have been produced.
  • Fig. 3 shows a preferred embodiment of the fastening device. without thread.
  • the base body 1 is in one piece with an anchoring section 2 and a holding section 3 is formed. In this case it has no thread.
  • the anchoring section 2 has two areas of different conicity on. But there can also be a different number of sections, at least there is a conical section. On the lower one, in the direction of impact a square point 5 is pressed into the first section of the ground.
  • the anchoring section 2 and the holding section 3 are hammered out of a tube essentially continuously.
  • the lowermost section of the anchoring section is compressed by hammering to such an extent that it no longer has a hollow interior.
  • the holding section has a bore 6 at a suitable height, which extends through the wall of the base body 6 to its hollow interior.
  • Two fin-like surface elements 7 are attached to the outer surface of the anchoring section 3 in its longitudinal direction. These extend essentially radially away from the anchoring section and follow the contour of the conical sections on their side facing the anchoring section. The surface elements do not extend to the tip 5 or to the lowest section of the anchoring body. However, this is also possible.
  • the surface shape of the surface elements 7 or the contour of their narrow sides facing away from the anchoring section is arbitrary.
  • the surface area is limited, however, by the fact that the handling of the fastening device is to remain guaranteed, in particular when setting and driving in. Varying the surface shape and / or the surface area allows adaptation to different types of use, types of soil and the effects of force, in particular optimum security against rotation of the fastening device.

Abstract

A method for manufacturing a device for fastening poles, posts, masts or the like in the ground and a fastening device with a basic body are described, it being possible, but not essential, for at least one part portion of the basic body to be provided with a screw-like or spiral-like thread, and the basic body essentially having a cone-shaped basic shape with at least one conical part portion. According to the method of the present invention, the basic body is hammered into the basic shape from an essentially cylindrical tube. The fastening device has a holding portion, and an anchoring portion designed in one piece which, if provided with a thread, has at least two part portions of different conicity. The holding portion and essentially the anchoring portion are hollow throughout.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Befestigungsvorrichtung für Stäbe, Pfosten, Masten oder dergleichen im Erdreich und ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Befestigungsvorrichtung.The invention relates to a fastening device for rods, posts, Masts or the like in the ground and a method for their production a fastening device.

Befestigungsvorrichtungen für Stäbe, Pfosten, Masten oder dergleichen zum Einschlagen bzw. Eindrehen im Erdreich werden meist durch Metallguß oder Verschweißen einzelner vorgefertigter Formteile hergestellt. Die Herstellung von Guß- oder Frästeilen ist dabei relativ aufwendig und teuer und die Herstellung von Formteilen erlaubt keine 100%ige Ausnutzung des Ausgangsmaterials, was ebenfalls zur Verteuerung der Herstellung führt. Zusätzlich bewirken die Fügestellen, an denen die einzelnen Formteile verschweißt, verklebt oder verpreßt sind, u.U. eine Schwächung der Stabilität der Grundkörper der entsprechenden Befestigungsvorrichtungen.Fastening devices for rods, posts, masts or the like for Pounding or screwing in the ground are usually by cast metal or Welding of individual prefabricated molded parts. The production of cast or milled parts is relatively complex and expensive Manufacture of molded parts does not allow 100% utilization of the raw material, which also leads to an increase in the cost of production. additionally cause the joints where the individual molded parts are welded, glued or are pressed, possibly a weakening of the stability of the basic body the corresponding fastening devices.

Aus der DE-GM 93 13 258.1 ist eine Befestigungsvorrichtung bekannt. Diese weist einen in das Erdreich ein- und aus diesem wieder herausschraubbaren Gewindeabschnitt und einen Halteabschnitt zur Aufnahme des Stabes, Pfostens, Mastens oder dergleichen auf, wobei zwischen dem Gewindeabschnitt und dem Halteabschnitt ein konusförmiger, beim Einschrauben der Befestigungsvorrichtung wirksamer Verdrängungskörper für das Erdreich angeordnet ist. Der Gewindeabschnitt ist ein Gußteil und trägt ein schneckenförmiges Gewinde. Der daran anschließende Verdrängungskörper ist kreiskegelstumpfförmig und im wesentlichen hohl ausgebildet und ist an der Seite seines kleineren Durchmessers an den im wesentlichen zylindrischen bzw. schwach konischen Vollkern des Gewindeabschnitts angeschweißt. Der Öffnungswinkel des kreiskegelstumpfförmigen Verdrängungskörpers ist dabei deutlich größer als der Winkel des Gewindeabschnitts. Der Gewindeabschnitt und der Verdrängungskörper bilden den Verankerungsabschnitt der Befestigungsvorrichtung.A fastening device is known from DE-GM 93 13 258.1. This has one that can be screwed into and out of the soil Threaded section and a holding section for receiving the Rod, post, mast or the like on, being between the threaded portion and the holding section a conical, when screwing the fastening device effective displacement body for the soil is arranged. The threaded section is a cast part and carries a helical one Thread. The following displacement body is frustoconical and substantially hollow and is on the Side of its smaller diameter on the substantially cylindrical or weakly conical solid core of the threaded section welded. The Opening angle of the truncated cone-shaped displacement body is significantly larger than the angle of the threaded section. The threaded section and the displacement body form the anchoring section of the fastening device.

Da die Befestigungsvorrichtung und insbesondere der Verankerungsabschnitt gemäß DE-GM 93 13 258.1 aus mehreren Teilen zusammengesetzt und verschweißt ist, kann es im Falle des Ein- und Ausdrehens bzw. im Falle von auf die Befestigungsvorrichtung einwirkenden Kräften zu Festigkeitsproblemen insbesondere im Bereich der Verbindung zwischen dem Gewindeabschnitt und dem Verdrängungsabschnitt kommen.
Außerdem erfordert der als Gußteil mit einem Vollkern ausgestaltete Gewindeabschnitt des Verankerungsabschnitts hohen Materialeinsatz.Since the fastening device and in particular the anchoring section according to DE-GM 93 13 258.1 is composed of several parts and welded, in the case of screwing in and out or in the case of forces acting on the fastening device, strength problems can arise, in particular in the area of the connection between the Thread section and the displacement section come.
In addition, the threaded section of the anchoring section, which is designed as a casting with a solid core, requires a large amount of material.

Eine weitere Befestigungsvorrichtung ist in der DE-PS 40 02 830 beschrieben. Diese Befestigungsvorrichtung weist einen in das Erdreich ein- und aus diesem wieder herausschraubbaren Gewindeabschnitt und an ihrem, in Einschraubrichtung gesehen, hinteren Ende einen Halteabschnitt zur Aufnahme des Stabes, Pfostens oder dergleichen auf. Der als Verankerungsabschnitt ausgebildete Gewindeabschnitt ist korkenzieher- oder schraubenartig ausgebildet und weist einen sich in Einschraubrichtung stark verjüngenden konischen Kern auf. Der über den gesamten Verankerungsabschnitt gleich bleibende relativ stumpfe Konuswinkel erschwert zum einen aufgrund auftretender Radialkräfte das Eindrehen der Befestigungsvorrichtung in das Erdreich und erlaubt aufgrund der Konusform keine sichere Verankerung der Befestigungsvorrichtung im Erdreich, da aufgrund des stumpfen Konuswinkels radial auftretende Kräfte, wie beispielsweise durch Rüttelbewegungen, dazu führen, den Verankerungsabschnitt aus dem Erdreich zu lockern.Another fastening device is described in DE-PS 40 02 830. This fastening device shows one in and out of the ground this thread section which can be unscrewed again and on its, in the screwing-in direction seen, rear end a holding section for receiving of the rod, post or the like. The one as the anchoring section trained threaded portion is corkscrew or screw-like and has a conical tapering in the direction of screwing Core on. The one that remains the same over the entire anchoring section relatively obtuse cone angle on the one hand more difficult due to occurring Radial forces screwing the fastening device into the ground and does not allow secure fastening of the fastening device due to the cone shape in the ground, because radially occurring due to the obtuse cone angle Forces, such as vibrations, cause to loosen the anchoring section from the ground.

Die Befestigungsvorrichtung gemäß DE-PS 40 02 830 besteht aus Kunststoffmaterial, was eine Herstellung durch Laminieren, Warmformen, Spritzgießen etc. bedingt. Diese Verfahren sind aufgrund der nötigen Vorarbeiten relativ kostenintensiv und damit teuer.
Zwar weist ein auf diese Weise hergestellter Verankerungsabschnitt keine stabilitätsmindernden Fügestellen auf, zum Erreichen der nötigen Stabilität muß er jedoch aus Vollmaterial gefertigt sein.The fastening device according to DE-PS 40 02 830 consists of plastic material, which requires production by lamination, thermoforming, injection molding, etc. Due to the necessary preliminary work, these processes are relatively expensive and therefore expensive.
An anchoring section produced in this way does not have any stability-reducing joints, but in order to achieve the necessary stability, it must be made of solid material.

Aus der EP 0 590 367 A1 ist ein einschlagbarer Bodendübel mit Längsnuten bekannt, welcher einen Kanal als Aufnahmehohlraum aufweist. Der Bodendübel gemäß EP 0 590 367 A1 ist im Spritzgußverfahren aus Kunststoff herstellbar, kann aber auch mehrstückig aus Stahl gefertigt sein.EP 0 590 367 A1 discloses a knock-in floor anchor with longitudinal grooves, which has a channel as the receiving cavity. The floor anchor according to EP 0 590 367 A1 can be manufactured by injection molding from plastic, but it can also be made in several pieces from steel.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Befestigungsvorrichtung für Stäbe, Pfosten, Masten oder dergleichen zum Einschlagen bzw. Eindrehen im Erdreich zu schaffen, die im wesentlichen unter allen Bedingungen bei möglichst geringem Materialeinsatz eine hohe Stabilität bietet und so eine sichere Verankerung im Erdreich erlaubt sowie eine sichere und leichte Handhabbarkeit beim Einschlagen bzw. Hinein- oder Herausdrehen in oder aus dem Erdreich bietet. Eine weitere Aufgabe der Erfindung liegt darin, ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer derartigen Befestigungsvorrichtung für Stäbe, Pfosten, Masten oder dgl. im Erdreich, insbesondere zur Herstellung eines Bodendübels mit einem Grundkörper zu schaffen, welches preisgünstig in der Herstellung eines Grundkörpers einer Befestigungsvorrichtung ist und einen geringen Materialeinsatz erfordert. The invention is therefore based on the object of a fastening device for rods, posts, masts or the like to drive in or Screwing in the ground to create it essentially under all conditions offers a high degree of stability while using as little material as possible and thus allowing secure anchoring in the ground as well as secure and easy handling when hammering in or screwing in or out or from the ground. Another object of the invention is therein, a method of manufacturing such a fastening device for rods, posts, masts or the like. in the ground, in particular for production to create a floor anchor with a base body, which inexpensive to manufacture a base body of a fastening device is and requires little material.

Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß mit einem Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Befestigungsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 und mit einer Befestigungsvorrichtung mit den Merkmalen nach Anspruch 10 gelöst. The object is achieved according to the invention with a method for the production a fastening device according to claim 1 and with a fastening device solved with the features of claim 10.

Zweckmäßige Weiterbildungen sind in den jeweiligen abhängigen Ansprüchen definiert.Appropriate developments are in the respective dependent claims Are defined.

Zur Herstellung einer Befestigungsvorrichtung für Stäbe, Pfosten, Masten oder dgl. im Erdreich, insbesondere eines Bodendübels und insbesondere zur Herstellung einer Befestigungsvorrichtung gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung mit einem Grundkörper, wobei zumindest ein Teilabschnitt des Grundkörpers mit einem schrauben- bzw. schneckenartigen Gewinde versehen sein kann, aber nicht zwingend sein muß, und wobei der Grundkörper im wesentlichen eine konusförmige Grundform mit zumindest einem konischen Teilabschnitt aufweist, wird der Grundkörper aus einem im wesentlichen zylindrischen Rohr in die Grundform gehämmert.
Falls gewünscht kann das schrauben- bzw-schneckenförmige Gewinde dann zumindest in einem Teilabschnitt an dem Grundkörper angebracht werden, insbesondere durch Anschweißen eines entsprechend vorgefertigten Formteils.
Die Grundform des Grundkörpers kann im wesentlichen spitzwinklig und konusförmig als Verankerungsabschnitt ausgebildet sein, was eine leichte Einschlag- bzw. Eindrehbarkeit ermöglicht.For the production of a fastening device for rods, posts, masts or the like. In the ground, in particular a floor anchor and in particular for the production of a fastening device according to the present invention with a base body, wherein at least a portion of the base body can be provided with a screw or screw-like thread , but does not have to be mandatory, and wherein the base body has essentially a conical base shape with at least one conical section, the base body is hammered out of an essentially cylindrical tube into the base shape.
If desired, the screw or screw-shaped thread can then be attached to the base body at least in a partial section, in particular by welding a correspondingly prefabricated molded part.
The basic shape of the base body can be designed essentially as an anchoring section at an acute angle and in a cone shape, which enables it to be easily turned or screwed in.

Das In-Form-Hämmern eines im wesentlichen zylindrischen Rohrs zur Herstellung eines Grundkörpers einer Befestigungsvorrichtung gemäß der Erfindung bietet den Vorteil, daß die verformenden, auf das zylindrische Rohr einwirkenden Kräfte sowohl axial als auch radial durch axial um das Rohr verlaufende, formende Hammerteile in das Rohr eingeleitet werden, wodurch eine relativ starke Verformung des Rohres erzielt werden kann. Im Gegensatz dazu wirken beim In-Form-Pressen des Rohres durch axiales Eindrücken in einer Matrize nur axiale Kräfte auf das Rohr, durch welche das Rohr zusammengestaucht werden könnte. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren des Rohrhämmerns für konusförmige Grundformen eines Grundkörpers einer Befestigungsvorrichtung ist somit besonders zuverlässig und sicher. Hammering an essentially cylindrical tube into shape Manufacture of a base body of a fastening device according to the Invention has the advantage that the deforming, on the cylindrical Pipe acting forces both axially and radially by axially around the Pipe-forming, shaping hammer parts are introduced into the pipe, whereby a relatively strong deformation of the tube can be achieved. in the In contrast, the in-form pressing of the tube works through axial pressing only axial forces on the tube in a die, by which the Tube could be compressed. The method according to the invention of tube hammering for conical basic shapes of a base body Fastening device is therefore particularly reliable and safe.

Das Verfahren des Rohrhämmerns als solches ist für andere Aufgabenstellungen bekannt und wird daher im folgenden nicht weiter beschrieben.The tube hammering process as such is for other tasks is known and is therefore not further described below.

Da das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Befestigungsvorrichtung ein spanloses Verfahren ist, ergibt sich eine praktisch 100%ige Materialausnutzung des verwendeten Ausgangsmaterials, das heißt des verwendeten, im wesentlichen zylindrischen Rohres. Durch die Verformung des Rohres in eine im wesentlichen konusförmige Grundform nimmt durch den Hämmerungsvorgang die Wandstärke bei kleineren Durchmessers des Grundkörpers zu, der Hohlraum in dem Rohr bleibt dabei im wesentlichen erhalten. Die Vergrößerung der Wandstärke ist neben der Tatsache, daß der Grundkörper, insbesondere der Verankerungsabschnitt, als Einheit, d.h. insbesondere einstückig, im wesentlichen hohl geformt werden kann, besonders vorteilhaft, da somit die erzielbare Stabilität des Grundkörpers und damit der Befestigungsvorrichtung größer ist als Befestigungsvorrichtungen, welche aus mehreren Einzelteilen zusammengesetzt und verschweißt werden müssen.Since the inventive method for producing a fastening device is a non-cutting process, there is practically 100% Material utilization of the starting material used, i.e. the used essentially cylindrical tube. By deforming the Tube takes on a substantially conical shape through the Hammering process the wall thickness with a smaller diameter of the base body to, the cavity in the tube is essentially preserved. The increase in wall thickness is in addition to the fact that the Base body, in particular the anchoring section, as a unit, i.e. in particular in one piece, can be essentially hollow, especially advantageous, because the achievable stability of the base body and so that the fastening device is larger than fastening devices, which are assembled and welded from several individual parts have to.

Ein weiterer Vorteil besteht darin, daß das Verfahren durch den Wegfall eventueller Füge- und Zusanunensetzschritte wenig arbeitsintensiv und damit kostengünstig ist. Another advantage is that the process is eliminated possible joining and assembly steps are less labor-intensive and therefore is inexpensive.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist es beim Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Grundkörpers einer Befestigungsvorrichtung, den Grundkörper einstückig mit einem Halteabschnitt und einem Verankerungsabschnitt auszubilden. Dadurch ergibt sich eine weiter verstärkte Stabilität der gesamten Befestigungsvorrichtung.It is particularly advantageous in the method for producing a base body a fastening device, the base body in one piece with a To form a holding section and an anchoring section. This gives there is a further increased stability of the entire fastening device.

In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsfonn des Verfahrens zur Herstellung eines Grundkörpers einer Befestigungsvorrichtung ist es vorteilhaft, die Grundform des Grundkörpers als einen einstückigen Verankerungsabschnitt auszubilden und daran den im wesentlichen als Hülse ausgestalteten, mittels eines Rohrenden-Preßverfahrens hergestellten Halteabschnitt anzubringen, insbesondere anzuschweißen. Jede andere geeignete Verbindungstechnik ist ebenfalls möglich. Das Anbringen eines zuerst separat hergestellten Halteabschnittsteils erlaubt größere Flexibilität in der Gestaltung der Befestigungsvorrichtung, z.B. in Anbetracht unterschiedlicher Einsatzteile für den Halteabschnitt.In a further preferred embodiment of the production method of a base body of a fastening device, it is advantageous the basic shape of the base body as an integral anchoring section to train and there the essentially designed as a sleeve, to attach the holding section produced by means of a pipe end pressing process, in particular to weld. Any other suitable connection technology is also possible. Attaching a first manufactured separately Holding section part allows greater flexibility in the design of the fastening device, e.g. considering different insert parts for the Holding portion.

In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist es besonders vorteilhaft, daß der Grundkörper mit dem Verankerungs- und Halteabschnitt im wesentlichen durchgängig hohl ausgebildet wird, wodurch die Herstellungskosten aufgrund der Materialersparnis zusätzlich verringert werden können und das Gewicht des Grundkörpers zusätzlich gering bleibt.In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, it is special advantageous that the base body with the anchoring and holding section is essentially hollow throughout, whereby the Manufacturing costs can also be reduced due to the material savings can and the weight of the base body remains low.

In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform des Verfahrens zur Herstellung einer Befestigungsvorrichtung wird der Grundkörper zumindest in einem unteren, in Einführrichtung in das Erdreich ersten Teilabschnitt mit einer Bohrung durch seine Wandung versehen. Durch diese, insbesondere mit dem im wesentlichen hohlen Verankerungsabschnitt in Verbindung stehende Bohrung kann eventuell in der Befestigungsvorrichtung stehendes Wasser relativ leicht abfließen, da zum einen die hohe Wassersäule über der Bohrung einen höheren Wasserdruck aufbaut und zum anderen durch die tiefe Lage der Bohrung im Erdreich unter Umständen bereits ein Kiesgrund erreicht ist, welcher ein Versickern des Wassers leichter als der Humus an der Oberfläche ermöglicht. Unter Umständen kann es sogar sinnvoll sein, beim Einschlag- bzw. Eindrehvorgang durch in den Verankerungsabschnitt von oben eingebrachtes Wasser, welches dann über die Bohrung austreten kann, den Boden anzufeuchten, was das Einschlagen- bzw. Eindrehen neben der erfindungsgemäß optimierten Konusform des Verankerungsabschnitts zusätzlich erleichtern kann.In a particularly preferred embodiment of the production method a fastening device, the base body is at least in a lower section in the direction of insertion into the ground provided a hole through its wall. Through this, especially with the substantially hollow anchoring section Bore may contain water in the fastener drain off relatively easily because, on the one hand, the high water column above the borehole builds up a higher water pressure and secondly through the deep one Location of the hole in the ground may already be a gravel bed is reached, which allows the water to seep away more easily than the humus the surface. Under certain circumstances it can even make sense during the driving-in or screwing-in process into the anchoring section Water introduced from above, which then exits through the hole can moisten the floor, which is what driving or turning next to the cone shape of the anchoring section optimized according to the invention can additionally facilitate.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist eine Ausführungsform des Verfahrens, bei welcher das im wesentlichen zylindrische Rohr auf einen Durchmesser von ca. 10 mm reduziert ist und an dieses zylindrisches Stück eine Vierkantspitze angebracht ist, insbesondere angepreßt ist. Eine solche Spitze hat sich als besonders vorteilhaft erwiesen, da sie beim Einschlagen- bzw. Eindrehen eine hohe Stabilität aufweist und kleine Steine und harte Erdschichten besonders gut verdrängt. Es sind auch konisch ausgeformte Spitzen oder Meißel- bzw. Bohrerspitzen möglich.An embodiment of the method in which the essentially cylindrical tube to a diameter of about 10 mm is reduced and a square tip on this cylindrical piece is attached, in particular is pressed. Such a tip has proven to be proven to be particularly advantageous since they are when driven in or screwed in has a high stability and small stones and hard layers of earth displaced particularly well. There are also tapered tips or Chisel or drill tips possible.

In einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform des Verfahrens wird in dem Fall, daß kein Gewinde vorgesehen ist, an dem Grundkörper im wesentlichen in dessen Längsrichtung zumindest ein flossenartiges Flächenelement auf geeignete Weise angebracht, insbesondere angeschweißt.
Besonders vorteilhaft ist die Anbringung von drei oder vier über den Umfang gleichwinklig beabstandeten flossenartigen Flächenelementen.
Die Flächenelemente können gestanzt, gegossen, gefräst oder auf andere geeignete Weise hergestellt werden.
Durch die Anbringung des oder der Flächenelemente können zusätzliche Stabilität und eine gute Führung, insbesondere beim Einschlagen der Befestigungsvorrichtung erreicht werden. In an advantageous embodiment of the method, in the event that no thread is provided, at least one fin-like surface element is suitably attached, in particular welded, to the base body essentially in its longitudinal direction.
It is particularly advantageous to attach three or four fin-like surface elements spaced at equal angles around the circumference.
The surface elements can be punched, cast, milled or produced in any other suitable way.
By attaching the surface element or elements, additional stability and good guidance, in particular when the fastening device is driven in, can be achieved.

Die insbesondere mit dem oben beschriebenen Verfahren herstellbare, erfindungsgemäße Befestigungsvorrichtung mit einem Grundkörper weist einen Verankerungsabschnitt zur Verankerung im Erdreich und einen Halteabschnitt zur Aufnahme des Stabes, Pfostens, Mastens oder dgl. auf. Der Verankerungsabschnitt ist dabei als konusförmiger, im wesentlichen spitzwinkliger Verdrängungskörper ausgebildet, welcher zumindest einen konusförmigen Teilabschnitt aufweist. Es können auch zwei, drei oder mehr Teilabschnitte unterschiedlicher Konizität sein. Zumindest ein Teilabschnitt des Verdrängungskörpers kann ein schrauben- bzw. schneckenförmiges Gewinde zum Ein- und wieder Herausschrauben in und aus dem Erdreich tragen, dies ist jedoch nicht zwingend. Ist die Befestigungsvorrichtung zum Einschlagen in das Erdreich vorgesehen, entfällt das Gewinde. Der in Einführrichtung in das Erdreich erste konusförmige Teilabschnitt des Verdrängungskörpers weist einen spitzeren Konuswinkel auf als der zweite auf ihn folgende konusförmige Teilabschnitt.
Eventuell weiter folgende Abschnitte können beliebige, kleine oder große Konuswinkel aufweisen.
Erfindungsgemäß ist der Verankerungsabschnitt aus einem hohlen Rohteil, insbesondere aus einem im wesentlichen zylindrischen Rohr, einstückig ausgebildet. Desweiteren sind erfindungsgemäß der Halteabschnitt und im wesentlichen der Verankerungsabschnitt durchgängig hohl ausgebildet.The fastening device according to the invention with a base body, which can be produced in particular with the method described above, has an anchoring section for anchoring in the ground and a holding section for receiving the rod, post, mast or the like. The anchoring section is designed as a conical, essentially acute-angled displacement body which has at least one conical section. It can also be two, three or more sections of different conicity. At least a portion of the displacer can carry a screw or screw-shaped thread for screwing in and out of the soil, but this is not mandatory. If the fastening device is intended to be driven into the ground, the thread is omitted. The first conical section of the displacement body in the direction of insertion into the ground has a more acute cone angle than the second conical section following it.
Any sections that follow may have any, small or large cone angles.
According to the invention, the anchoring section is made in one piece from a hollow blank, in particular from an essentially cylindrical tube. Furthermore, according to the invention, the holding section and essentially the anchoring section are made hollow throughout.

Als Material für die erfindungsgemäße Befestigungsvorrichtung ist insbesondere Metall, insbesondere mit entsprechender Antikorrosionsbehandlung geeignet.As a material for the fastening device according to the invention is in particular Metal, especially with appropriate anti-corrosion treatment suitable.

Der Verankerungsabschnitt ist dabei bevorzugt an dem, in Einführrichtung in das Erdreich ersten Abschnitt abgeschlossen. Der Abschluß kann durch eine Materialverdichtung des im wesentlichen zylindrischen Rohres erfolgen. The anchoring section is preferably on the, in the insertion direction completed in the soil first section. The conclusion can by material compression of the essentially cylindrical tube.

Da erfindungsgemäß der Verankerungsabschnitt und der Halteabschnitt im wesentlichen durchgängig hohl ausgebildet sind, ergibt sich neben einer Material- und damit Kostenersparnis und verringertem Gewicht hierdurch noch der Vorteil, daß der Halteabschnitt und der Verankerungsabschnitt bzw. Verdrängungskörper zur Aufnahme eines bodenseitigen Endes eines mit der Befestigungsvorrichtung aufzustellenden Stabes, Pfostens oder dergleichen dienen können, wobei das bodenseitige Ende dieses Stabes oder Pfostens oder dergleichen durch die im wesentlichen spitzwinklige Konusinnenfläche der Abschnitte bzw. Teilbereiche der Abschnitte eine Lagefixierung insbesondere in horizontaler Ebene erfährt und durch die radial wirkenden Kräfte bereits selbsthemmend verklemmt ist.Since according to the invention the anchoring section and the holding section in are essentially hollow throughout, results in addition to one Material and thus cost savings and reduced weight as a result Another advantage is that the holding section and the anchoring section or Displacement body for receiving a bottom end of one with the Fastening device to be erected rod, post or the like can serve, the bottom end of this rod or post or the like through the substantially acute-angled cone inner surface of the sections or partial areas of the sections, in particular, fixing the position experienced in the horizontal plane and by the radially acting Forces are already self-locking jammed.

Da der Verankerungsabschnitt im wesentlichen über seine gesamte Länge als konusförmiger, im wesentlichen spitzwinkliger Verdrängungskörper für das Erdreich ausgebildet ist, wird die Befestigungsvorrichtung beim Einschlagen bzw. Einschrauben in das Erdreich in diesem verspannt, da Erdreich und Steine über die gesamte Konuslänge über den im wesentlichen spitzen Verdrängungskörperwinkel verdrängt werden. Dadurch bedingt, sind die das Erdreich und eventuelle Steine verdrängenden Kräfte größer als bei Befestigungsvorrichtungen, die das Erdreich im wesentlichen nur in einem relativ stumpfwinkligen Verdrängungskörperbereich zwischen einem Gewindeabschnitt und dem Halteabschnitt verdrängen. Dadurch wird das Einschlagen bzw. Eindrehen erleichtert.
Der Vorteil gegenüber einem durchgängig gleichbleibenden Konuswinkel über den gesamten Verankerungsabschnitt besteht darin, daß zu Beginn des Eindrehens ein geringerer Konuswinkel das Setzen und Ausrichten der Befestigungsvorrichtung im Boden erleichtert und den benötigten Kraftaufwand beim Einschlagen bzw. Eindrehen gering hält. Since the anchoring section is essentially formed over its entire length as a conical, essentially acute-angled displacement body for the soil, the fastening device is clamped into the soil when it is driven into or screwed into the earth, since the soil and stones over the entire cone length are essentially pointed Displacement body angles are displaced. As a result, the forces displacing the soil and any stones are greater than in the case of fastening devices which essentially displace the soil only in a relatively obtuse-angled displacement body region between a threaded section and the holding section. This makes driving in or screwing in easier.
The advantage over a consistently constant cone angle over the entire anchoring section is that at the beginning of the screwing in, a smaller cone angle facilitates the setting and aligning of the fastening device in the ground and keeps the force required when driving in or screwing in low.

Da erfindungsgemäß zumindest der Verankerungsabschnitt aus einem Rohteil einstückig ausgebildet ist und somit in diesem Bereich keine Verbindungsstellen verschiedener zusammensetzender Teile auftreten, ergibt sich im Vergleich zum Stand der Technik eine verbesserte Stabilität des Verankerungsabschnitts und der Befestigungsvorrichtung.Since according to the invention at least the anchoring section consists of a blank is formed in one piece and thus no connection points in this area different composing parts occur, results in Compared to the prior art, improved stability of the anchoring section and the fastening device.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wenn der Verankerungsabschnitt und der Halteabschnitt einstückig ausgebildet sind, um die Stabilität der gesamten Vorrichtung weiter zu erhöhen.It is particularly advantageous if the anchoring section and the holding section are integrally formed to the stability of the entire device to increase further.

In einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Befestigungsvorrichtung ist der Halteabschnitt als ein wie weiter oben beschriebenes Formteil an dem Verankerungsabschnitt angebracht, insbesondere angeschweißt. Jede andere geeignete Verbindungstechnik ist ebenfalls möglich.
Der im wesentlichen hülsenförmige Halteabschnitt kann dabei besonders gut an verschiedene Größen von einzusetzenden Stäben, Pfosten, Masten oder dergleichen angepaßt sein. Vorteilhaft besteht ein solcher im wesentlichen hülsenförmiger Halteabschnitt aus fünf Abschnitten. Der erste Abschnitt bildet einen Konus zur Zentrierung in dem in die Grundform gebrachten Verankerungsabschnitt des Grundkörpers. Der zweite Abschnitt ist als Sechskant zur eventuellen Übertragung einer Drehbewegung durch einen Innensechskantschlüssel ausgebildet. Der dritte Abschnitt ist als zylindrischer Abschnitt ausgebildet und legt den Abstand zwischen dem ersten Abschnitt und dem obersten Abschnitt des Verankerungsabschnitts fest. Der vierte Abschnitt bildet die Möglichkeit zur Aufnahme eventueller Fixier- und Positionierhilfen in dem Halteabschnitt, und der fünfte Abschnitt bietet die Möglichkeit einer Klemmung der zu befestigenden Stäbe, Pfosten, Masten oder Positionier- und Fixiereinrichtungen in dem Halteabschnitt. In a further embodiment of the fastening device, the holding section is attached, in particular welded, to the anchoring section as a molded part as described above. Any other suitable connection technology is also possible.
The essentially sleeve-shaped holding section can be adapted particularly well to different sizes of rods, posts, masts or the like to be used. Such an essentially sleeve-shaped holding section advantageously consists of five sections. The first section forms a cone for centering in the anchoring section of the base body which has been brought into the basic shape. The second section is designed as a hexagon for the possible transmission of a rotary movement by means of an Allen key. The third section is designed as a cylindrical section and defines the distance between the first section and the uppermost section of the anchoring section. The fourth section provides the possibility of accommodating any fixing and positioning aids in the holding section, and the fifth section offers the possibility of clamping the rods, posts, masts or positioning and fixing devices to be fastened in the holding section.

Generell bietet die erfindungsgemäße Befestigungsvorrichtung bzw. der erfindungsgemäß hergestellte Grundkörper die Möglichkeit, im Halteabschnitt eine Fixierung der zu befestigenden Gegenstände bzw. der optional zusätzlich verwendeten Positioniereinrichtungen zu ermöglichen.In general, the fastening device according to the invention or Base body manufactured according to the invention, the possibility in the holding section a fixation of the objects to be fastened or the optional additional to enable used positioning devices.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Befestigungsvorrichtung weisen die zumindest zwei Teilabschnitte des Verankerungsabschnitts einen geringen Unterschied des Konuswinkels im Bereich von 1 bis 3 Grad auf. Eventuelle Unterschiede der Konuswinkel zwischen weiteren Teilabschnitten können den gleichen Winkelbereich aufweisen aber auch größer sein.In a preferred embodiment of the fastening device according to the invention point the at least two subsections of the anchoring section a slight difference in the cone angle in the range of 1 up to 3 degrees. Any differences in the cone angle between others Sections can have the same angular range but also to be taller.

Das Gewinde ist erfindungsgemäß so angeordnet, daß zumindest ein Teilabschnitt des Verankerungsabschnitts bzw. des Verdrängungskörpers ein schrauben- bzw. schneckenförmiges Gewinde trägt.The thread is arranged according to the invention so that at least a portion of the anchoring section or the displacer a screw or helical thread.

Es ist jedoch besonders bevorzugt, daß sich das Gewinde im wesentlichen über die gesamte Länge des Verankerungsabschnitts erstreckt. Dabei kann es sich über alle oder einen Teil der einzelnen konusförmigen Abschnitte erstrecken. Das Gewinde ist als Formteil an die Grundform des Grundkörpers des Verankerungsabschnitts angebracht, insbesondere angeschweißt.However, it is particularly preferred that the thread be substantially extends over the entire length of the anchoring section. It can over all or part of the individual conical sections extend. The thread is part of the basic shape of the base body of the anchoring section attached, in particular welded.

Die Einziehkräfte des entsprechenden Gewindes sind dabei von der Größe der am Gewindegang wirksamen Fläche bestimmt. Da der gesamte Verankerungsabschnitt konusförmig ausgebildet ist, d.h. da der Durchmesser der gewindetragenden Bereiche des Verankerungsabschnitts zunimmt, wird auch der Gewindedurchmesser und damit die wirksame Fläche am Gewindegang größer. Nach erfolgter Einschraubung des Gewindeabschnitts in das Erdreich wirken in der gesamten Befestigungsvorrichtung in axialer Richtung gesehen zwei entgegengesetzte Kräfte, nämlich einmal eine von dem Gewindeabschnitt aufgebaute Kraft, welche bestrebt ist, die Befestigungsvorrichtung noch tiefer in das Erdreich zu ziehen und eine von dem Verankerungsabschnitt aufgebaute entgegengesetzte Kraft durch das verdichtete Erdreich. Diese beiden, in entgegengesetzte Richtung wirkenden Kräfte verspannen die Befestigungsvorrichtung bzw. deren Verankerungsabschnitt im Erdreich.The pull-in forces of the corresponding thread are of size the effective area on the thread. Because the entire anchoring section is conical, i.e. because the diameter of the thread-bearing areas of the anchoring section increases, too the thread diameter and thus the effective area on the thread greater. After the threaded section has been screwed into the ground act in the entire fastening device seen in the axial direction two opposite forces, namely one from the threaded portion built-up force, which strives to lower the fastening device to pull into the ground and one built up by the anchoring section opposing force through the compacted earth. These two, Forces acting in the opposite direction clamp the fastening device or their anchoring section in the ground.

Durch die im wesentlichen spitzwinklige Ausführung des Verankerungsabschnitts bzw. des Verdrängungskörpers und den erfindungsgemäß bevorzugten geringen Konuswinkelunterschieden zwischen den wenigstens zwei Teilbereichen unterschiedlicher Konizität wird zum einen eine Erleichterung des Einschlagens bzw. Einschraubens, aber aufgrund der gleichmäßigen Verdichtung über die gesamte Länge auch eine sichere Fixierung der Befestigungsvorrichtung erreicht, die insbesondere mit dem im wesentlichen über die gesamte Länge des Verankerungsabschnitts sich erstreckende Gewinde optimal genutzt werden kann.Due to the essentially acute-angled design of the anchoring section or the displacement body and the preferred according to the invention small cone angle differences between the at least two partial areas different conicity will on the one hand make the Driving in or screwing in, but due to the uniform compression A secure fixation of the fastening device over the entire length achieved, in particular with the essentially on the entire length of the anchoring section extending threads optimal can be used.

In einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der Befestigungsvorrichtung ist in dem Fall, daß kein Gewinde vorgesehen ist, an dem glatten Grundkörper im wesentlichen in dessen Längsrichtung zumindest ein flossenartiges Flächenelement auf geeignete Weise angebracht, insbesondere angeschweißt.
Besonders vorteilhaft ist die Anbringung von drei oder vier über den Umfang gleichwinklig beabstandeten flossenartigen Flächenelementen.
Die flossenartigen Flächenelemente erstrecken sich zumindest über einen Teilabschnitt des Verankerungsabschnitts und stehen im wesentlichen radial von dem Grundkörper ab. Es sind auch zumindest in Teilbereichen nichtplanare und/oder unter einem radialen und/oder axialen Winkel angeordnete Flächenelemente möglich.In an advantageous embodiment of the fastening device, in the event that no thread is provided, at least one fin-like surface element is suitably attached, in particular welded, to the smooth base body essentially in its longitudinal direction.
It is particularly advantageous to attach three or four fin-like surface elements spaced at equal angles around the circumference.
The fin-like surface elements extend at least over a partial section of the anchoring section and project essentially radially from the base body. Non-planar surface elements and / or surface elements arranged at a radial and / or axial angle are also possible, at least in partial regions.

Durch die Anbringung des oder der flossenartigen Flächenelemente kann zusätzliche Stabilität, insbesondere beim Einschlagen der Befestigungsvorrichtung erreicht werden. Außerdem bieten sie eine verbesserte Richtungsführung beim Einschlagen.
Da durch die flossenartigen Flächenelemente die wirksame Seitenstirnfläche des Verankerungsabschnitts im Erdreich vergrößert ist, kann die Befestigungsvorrichtung höhere Seitenkräfte aufnehmen und ableiten. Dies bietet insbesondere eine zusätzliche Sicherung gegen Verdrehen.By attaching the fin-like surface element or elements, additional stability, in particular when the fastening device is turned in, can be achieved. They also offer improved directional guidance when turning.
Since the effective side end face of the anchoring section in the ground is increased by the fin-like surface elements, the fastening device can absorb and dissipate higher lateral forces. In particular, this offers additional protection against twisting.

In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung weist der im wesentlichen hohle Verankerungsabschnitt in seinem unteren Teilabschnitt, d.h. in dem in Einführrichtung in das Erdreich ersten konusförmigen Teilabschnitt eine Bohrung auf. Über diese Bohrung durch die Wandung des Verankerungsabschnitts wird der bereits weiter oben beschriebene Wasseraustausch mit tieferen Bodenschichten möglich.In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the essentially hollow anchoring section in its lower section, i.e. in the first conical section in the direction of insertion into the soil a hole. About this hole through the wall of the Anchoring section is the water exchange already described above possible with deeper layers of soil.

Bevorzugt ist im Fall der Befestigungsvorrichtung mit Gewinde zum Eindrehen in das Erdreich an dem Verankerungsabschnitt bzw. dem Verdrängungskörper und/oder an dem Halteabschnitt wenigstens ein Angriffspunkt für ein Werkzeug zum Aufbringen der Schraubenbewegung auf dem Gewindeabschnitt vorgesehen. In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausgestaltungsform ist hierbei der Angriffspunkt aus zwei um 180° zueinander versetzten, im wesentlichen in einer horizontalen Ebene liegenden Bohrungen zur Aufnahme einer Drehhandhabe ausgebildet. Um die erfindungsgemäße Befestigungsvorrichtung bzw. deren Verankerungs- bzw. Gewindeabschnitt in das Erdreich einzudrehen, braucht demnach lediglich eine Handhabe, beispielsweise eine entsprechend dimensionierte Stange oder dergleichen, durch die beiden fluchtenden Bohrungen geführt werden, wonach diese Stange zur Erhöhung des auf den Gewindeabschnitt aufzubringenden Drehmoments gehandhabt werden kann. Preference is given in the case of the fastening device with a thread for screwing in into the ground at the anchoring section or the displacement body and / or at least one point of attack on the holding section a tool for applying the screw movement to the threaded section intended. In a particularly preferred embodiment here the point of attack from two offset by 180 ° to each other, in holes in a horizontal plane for receiving a rotating handle. To the fastening device according to the invention or their anchoring or threaded section in the ground screwing in only needs a handle, for example one appropriately dimensioned rod or the like, by the two aligned holes are carried out, after which this rod to increase of the torque to be applied to the threaded section can be.

Im Fall der Befestigungsvorrichtung ohne Gewinde zum Einschlagen kann es ebenfalls bevorzugt sein, daß die Vorrichtung die oben beschriebenen Bohrungen aufweist. Dadurch ist es möglich, daß eine Handhabe, beispielsweise eine entsprechend dimensionierte Stange oder dergleichen, durch die beiden fluchtenden Bohrungen geführt wird, wonach diese Stange zum Hineindrükken und/oder zur Unterstützung des Einschlagens der Befestigungsvorrichtung in das Erdreich dient.In the case of the fastening device without thread to drive in, it can also be preferred that the device the holes described above having. This makes it possible for a handle, for example an appropriately dimensioned rod or the like, by the two aligned holes is performed, after which this rod to push in and / or to support the turning of the fastening device serves in the ground.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend an Ausführungsbeispielen anhand der beigefügten, Zeichnungen näher erläutert.The invention is explained below using exemplary embodiments with reference to the attached, Drawings explained in more detail.

In den Zeichnungen zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine Seitenansicht einer ersten bevorzugten Ausführungsform mit Gewinde der erfindungsgemäßen Befestigungsvorrichtung;
Fig. 2
eine Seitenansicht einer zweiten bevorzugten Ausführungsform mit Gewinde der erfindungsgemäßen Befestigungsvorrichtung; und
Fig. 3
eine Seitenansicht einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ohne Gewinde der erfindungsgemäßen Befestigungsvorrichtung.
The drawings show:
Fig. 1
a side view of a first preferred embodiment with thread of the fastening device according to the invention;
Fig. 2
a side view of a second preferred embodiment with thread of the fastening device according to the invention; and
Fig. 3
a side view of a preferred embodiment without thread of the fastening device according to the invention.

Die Figuren Fig. 1 und Fig. 2 zeigen zwei bevorzugte Ausführungsformen der erfindungsgemäßen Befestigungsvorrichtung mit Gewinde zum Ein- und wieder Herausschrauben in und aus dem Erdreich. Alle Angaben zu diesen beiden Figuren mit Ausnahme derer, die sich auf die Gewinde beziehen, können dabei auch für die erfindungsgemäßen Befestigungsvorrichtungen ohne Gewinde zum Einschlagen in das Erdreich gelten. Figures 1 and 2 show two preferred embodiments the fastening device according to the invention for threading in and Unscrewing in and out of the ground. All information about these two figures with the exception of those related to the thread, can also be used for the fastening devices according to the invention without Apply threads for driving into the ground.

Fig. 1 zeigt eine erste bevorzugte Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Befestigungsvorrichtung mit Gewinde.Fig. 1 shows a first preferred embodiment of the invention Fastening device with thread.

Die Befestigungsvorrichtung weist einen Grundkörper 1 mit einem Verankerungsabschnitt 2 und einem Halteabschnitt 3 auf, wobei der Verankerungsabschnitt 2 und der Halteabschnitt 3 einstückig ausgebildet sind. Der Verankerungsabschnitt 2 ist als im wesentlichen spitzwinkliger Verdrängungskörper ausgebildet und ist in zwei Teilabschnitte unterschiedlicher Konizität unterteilt, wobei der in Einschraubrichtung erste konusförmige Teilabschnitt einen spitzeren Konuswinkel aufweist als der in Einschraubrichtung zweite konische Teilabschnitt. Der erste konische Teilabschnitt trägt ein Gewinde 4. An dem ersten konischen Teilabschnitt ist eine Spitze 5 angesetzt. Außerdem weist der erste konusförmige Teilabschnitt eine Bohrung 6 auf, welche sich durch die Wand des Grundkörpers 1 zum Hohlraum des im wesentlichen hohl ausgebildeten Grundkörpers 1 erstreckt.The fastening device has a base body 1 with an anchoring section 2 and a holding section 3, wherein the anchoring section 2 and the holding section 3 are integrally formed. The anchoring section 2 is an essentially acute-angled displacement body trained and is in two sections of different conicity divided, the first conical section in the screwing direction has a more acute cone angle than the second one in the screwing direction conical section. The first conical section carries a thread 4. A tip 5 is attached to the first conical section. Moreover the first conical section has a bore 6, which is through the wall of the base body 1 to the cavity of the substantially hollow basic body 1 extends.

Erfindungsgemäß sind die beiden konusförmigen Teilabschnitte des Grundkörpers aus einem im wesentlichen zylindrischen Rohr in seine konusförmige Grundform gehämmert.According to the invention, the two conical sections of the base body from a substantially cylindrical tube into its conical shape Basic form hammered.

Der Halteabschnitt weist zwei (in Fig. 1 ist eine davon zu sehen) Bohnmgen auf, die zur Aufnahme einer Drehhandhabe zum Eindrehen der Befestigungsvorrichtung in das Erdreich dienen.The holding section has two (one of which can be seen in FIG. 1) beans on that for receiving a rotary handle for screwing in the fastening device serve in the ground.

Fig. 2 zeigt eine zweite bevorzugte Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Befestigungsvorrichtung mit Gewinde bzw. des Grundkörpers der erfindungsgemäßen Befestigungsvorrichtung mit Gewinde.Fig. 2 shows a second preferred embodiment of the invention Fastening device with thread or the base body of the invention Fastening device with thread.

Der Grundkörper 1 der Befestigungsvorrichtung ist als Verankerungsabschnitt, der in die Grundform gehämmert wurde, ausgebildet. Der Verankerungsabschnitt 2 weist zwei Teilabschnitte unterschiedlicher Konizität auf, wobei der in Einschraubrichtung erste untere konusförmige Teilabschnitt einen spitzeren Konuswinkel aufweist als der in Einschraubrichtung zweite konische Teilabschnitt. In dieser Ausführungsform erstreckt sich das Gewinde 4 über beide konusförmige Teilabschnitte. An die als Verankerungsabschnitt 2 ausgebildete Grundform des Grundkörpers wurde ein mittels Rohrendpreßverfahren hergestellter, im wesentlichen hülsenförmiger Halteabschnitt 3 angebracht bzw. angeschweißt. Der so gebildete Grundkörper 1 ist im wesentlichen hohl. Der hohle Innenraum ist (auch in den übrigen Zeichnungen) durch die Strichlierung angedeutet. Im unteren Bereich des Grundkörpers 1 befindet sich eine Bohrung 6, welche durch die Wandung des Grundkörpers 1 zu dem hohlen Innenbereich des Grundkörpers 1 sich erstreckt. An den in Einschraubrichtung ersten konischen Teilbereich des Verankerungsabschnitts des Grundkörpers, der als Verdrängungskörper ausgebildet ist, ist eine Vierkantspitze 5 angepreßt. Der Haltebereich 3 ist in fünf Abschnitte gegliedert: in einen ersten konüsförmigen Abschnitt zur Zentrierung und Befestigung im Verankerungsabschnitt, einen zweiten sechskantförmig ausgeformten Abschnitt zur Übertragung einer Drehbewegung durch einen Innensechskantschlüssel, um so beispielsweise die Befestigungsvorrichtung in und aus dem Erdreich hinein- bzw. herauszudrehen, einen dritten zylindrischen Abschnitt, einen vierten konischen Abschnitt zur Aufnahme eventuell benötigter oder erwünschter Positionier- und Fixiervorrichtungen in dem Halteabschnitt 3, und in einen fünften Abschnitt, der zur Klemmung der zu fixierenden Gegenstände dienen kann.The base body 1 of the fastening device is used as an anchoring section, which was hammered into the basic form. The anchoring section 2 has two sections of different taper, wherein the first lower conical section in the screwing direction has a tapered cone angle than the second conical one in the screwing direction Subsection. In this embodiment, the thread 4 extends over both conical sections. To the anchoring section 2 trained basic form of the base body was a by means of pipe end pressing manufactured, essentially sleeve-shaped holding section 3 attached or welded on. The basic body 1 thus formed is essentially hollow. The hollow interior is (also in the other drawings) indicated by the dashed lines. In the lower area of the base body 1 there is a bore 6 through the wall of the base body 1 extends to the hollow inner region of the base body 1. To the in the screwing direction, the first conical section of the anchoring section of the base body, which is designed as a displacement body, is a Square tip 5 pressed. The stop area 3 is divided into five sections: in a first conical section for centering and fastening in the anchoring section, a second hexagonal shape Section for transmitting a rotary movement using an Allen key, so for example the fastening device in and out of the Turning the soil in or out, a third cylindrical section, a fourth conical section to accommodate any desired positioning and fixing devices in the holding section 3, and in a fifth section, which is used to clamp the to be fixed Objects can serve.

Der im wesentlichen hülsenförmig ausgebildete Halteabschnitt 3 ist durch ein im wesentlichen bekanntes Rohrendpreßverfahren hergestellt worden.The essentially sleeve-shaped holding section 3 is by a essentially known Rohrendpreßverfahren have been produced.

Fig. 3 zeigt eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform der Befestigungsvorrichtung. ohne Gewinde. Fig. 3 shows a preferred embodiment of the fastening device. without thread.

Der Grundkörper 1 ist einstückig mit einem Verankerungsabschnitt 2 und einem Halteabschnitt 3 ausgebildet. Er trägt in diesem Fall kein Gewinde. Der Verankerungsabschnitt 2 weist zwei Bereiche unterschiedlicher Konizität auf. Es kann aber auch eine andere Anzahl von Teilabschnitten, zumindest ein konischer Teilabschnitt vorhanden sein. An dem unteren, in Einschlagrichtung in das Erdreich ersten Abschnitt ist eine Vierkantspitze 5 angepreßt.The base body 1 is in one piece with an anchoring section 2 and a holding section 3 is formed. In this case it has no thread. The anchoring section 2 has two areas of different conicity on. But there can also be a different number of sections, at least there is a conical section. On the lower one, in the direction of impact a square point 5 is pressed into the first section of the ground.

Der Verankerungsabschnitt 2 und der Halteabschnitt 3 sind im wesentlichen durchgängig hohl aus einem Rohr gehämmert. Der unterste Abschnitt des Verankerungsabschnitts ist durch das Hämmern so weit verdichtet, daß er keinen hohlen Innenraum mehr aufweist. Im unteren Abschnitt weist der Halteabschnitt auf geeigneter Höhe eine Bohrung 6 auf, welche sich durch die Wandung des Grundkörpers 6 zu dessen hohlen Innenraum erstreckt.
An die Außenfläche des Verankerungsabschnitts 3 sind in dessen Längsrichtung zwei flossenartige Flächenelemente 7 angebracht. Diese erstrecken sich im wesentlichen radial von dem Verankerungsabschnitt weg und folgen an ihrer, dem Verankerungsabschnitt zugewandten Seite der Kontur der konusförmigen Abschnitte. Die Flächenelemente erstrecken sich nicht bis zur Spitze 5 bzw. bis zum untersten Abschnitt des Verankerungskörpers. Dies ist jedoch auch möglich. Die Flächenform der Flächenelemente 7 bzw. die Kontur ihrer von dem Verankerungsabschnitt abgewandten Schmalseiten ist beliebig. Der Flächeninhalt ist jedoch dadurch begrenzt, daß die Handhabbarkeit der Befestigungsvorrichtung insbesondere beim Setzen und Einschlagen gewährleistet bleiben soll. Eine Variation der Flächenform und/oder des Flächeninhalts erlaubt die Anpassung an unterschiedliche Einsatzarten, Arten von Erdreich und Krafteinwirkungen, insbesondere eine optimale Sicherheit gegen Verdrehen der Befestigungsvorrichtung.The anchoring section 2 and the holding section 3 are hammered out of a tube essentially continuously. The lowermost section of the anchoring section is compressed by hammering to such an extent that it no longer has a hollow interior. In the lower section, the holding section has a bore 6 at a suitable height, which extends through the wall of the base body 6 to its hollow interior.
Two fin-like surface elements 7 are attached to the outer surface of the anchoring section 3 in its longitudinal direction. These extend essentially radially away from the anchoring section and follow the contour of the conical sections on their side facing the anchoring section. The surface elements do not extend to the tip 5 or to the lowest section of the anchoring body. However, this is also possible. The surface shape of the surface elements 7 or the contour of their narrow sides facing away from the anchoring section is arbitrary. The surface area is limited, however, by the fact that the handling of the fastening device is to remain guaranteed, in particular when setting and driving in. Varying the surface shape and / or the surface area allows adaptation to different types of use, types of soil and the effects of force, in particular optimum security against rotation of the fastening device.

Claims (19)

  1. Method for manufacturing a device for fastening poles, posts, masts or the like in the ground, in particular a ground peg, with a basic body (1), the basic body (1) essentially having a cone-shaped basic shape with at least one conical part portion, characterized in that the basic body (1) is hammered into the basic shape from an essentially cylindrical tube.
  2. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that at least one fin-like surface element (7) is attached, in particular welded on, to the basic body in its longitudinal direction.
  3. Method according to Claim 2, characterized in that three or four fin-like surface elements (7) are attached in a circumferentially equiangularly spaced manner.
  4. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one part portion of the basic body is provided with a screw-like or spiral-like thread for screwing into the ground and out of it again.
  5. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the basic body (1), with a holding portion (3) and with an anchoring portion (2), is hammered in one piece.
  6. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the basic shape of the basic body (1) is designed as an anchoring portion (2), and a holding portion (3) manufactured by means of a tube-end pressing method is attached thereto, in particular welded on.
  7. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the basic body (1), with the anchoring portion and holding portion, is essentially hollow throughout.
  8. Method according to one of Claims 5 to 7, characterized in that a bore (6) is included in the basic body (1), at least in a lower, first part portion of the anchoring portion (2) in the direction of insertion into the ground.
  9. Method according to one of Claims 5 to 8, characterized in that a tip (5) is attached, in particular pressed on, to the anchoring portion (2) on the basic body (1).
  10. Device for fastening poles, posts, masts or the like in the ground, with a basic body (1) which has an anchoring portion (2) for anchoring in the ground and a holding portion (3) for receiving the pole, post, mast or the like, the anchoring portion (2) being designed as a cone-shaped, essentially acute-angled displacement body which has at least one cone-shaped part portion, characterized in that the anchoring portion (2) is formed in one piece from a blank, and the holding portion (3) and essentially the anchoring portion (2) are hollow throughout.
  11. Fastening device according to Claim 10, characterized in that the basic body (1) has at least one fin-like surface element (7) in its longitudinal direction.
  12. Fastening device according to Claim 11, characterized in that three or four fin-like surface elements (7) are attached, in particular welded on, to the circumference of the basic body (1) at an essentially equal distance from one another.
  13. Device according to claim 10, characterized in that the displacement body has at least two part portions having different cone angles, and bearing at least in one of the two part portions a screw-shaped or spiral-shaped thread (4) for screwing into the ground and out of it again, the second part portion following the first cone-shaped part portion in the screwing-in direction having a greater cone angle.
  14. Fastening device according to Claim 13, characterized in that the thread (4) extends essentially over the entire length of the anchoring portion (2).
  15. Fastening device according to one of Claims 10 to 14, characterized in that the basic body (1), with the holding portion (3) and the anchoring portion (2), is in one piece.
  16. Fastening device according to one of Claims 10 to 14, characterized in that the holding portion (3) is attached, in particular welded on, to the anchoring portion (2).
  17. Fastening device according to one of Claims 10 to 16, characterized in that the difference in the cone angles of the first and the second part portions of the anchoring portion (2) lies between 1 and 3 degrees.
  18. Fastening device according to one of Claims 10 to 17, characterized in that the anchoring portion (2) has a bore in its lower, first part portion in the direction of insertion into the ground.
  19. Fastening device according to one of Claims 10 to 18, characterized in that the anchoring portion (2) has a tip, in particular a square tip (5).
EP99940164A 1998-08-11 1999-08-06 Device for fixing bars, posts, masts and such like in the ground and method for producing such a fixing device Expired - Lifetime EP1105597B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19836370 1998-08-11
DE19836370A DE19836370C2 (en) 1998-08-11 1998-08-11 Process for the production of fastening devices for rods, posts, masts or the like in the ground and fastening devices produced according to this process
PCT/EP1999/005705 WO2000009833A1 (en) 1998-08-11 1999-08-06 Device for fixing bars, posts, masts and such like in the ground and method for producing such a fixing device

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EP1105597A1 EP1105597A1 (en) 2001-06-13
EP1105597B1 true EP1105597B1 (en) 2004-06-02

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US (1) US7007910B1 (en)
EP (1) EP1105597B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE268422T1 (en)
AU (1) AU5420799A (en)
CZ (1) CZ298433B6 (en)
DE (3) DE19836370C2 (en)
ES (1) ES2217798T3 (en)
PL (1) PL200297B1 (en)
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CZ298433B6 (en) 2007-10-03
DE19836370A1 (en) 2000-02-24
PL346050A1 (en) 2002-01-14
ES2217798T3 (en) 2004-11-01
US7007910B1 (en) 2006-03-07
CZ2001520A3 (en) 2001-09-12
EP1105597A1 (en) 2001-06-13
DE59909655D1 (en) 2004-07-08
ATE268422T1 (en) 2004-06-15
DE19836370C2 (en) 2002-07-18
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DE29923796U1 (en) 2001-05-03
AU5420799A (en) 2000-03-06

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