EP1103166A1 - Elektronisches vorschaltgerät für mindestens eine niederdruck-entladungslampe - Google Patents
Elektronisches vorschaltgerät für mindestens eine niederdruck-entladungslampeInfo
- Publication number
- EP1103166A1 EP1103166A1 EP00927002A EP00927002A EP1103166A1 EP 1103166 A1 EP1103166 A1 EP 1103166A1 EP 00927002 A EP00927002 A EP 00927002A EP 00927002 A EP00927002 A EP 00927002A EP 1103166 A1 EP1103166 A1 EP 1103166A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- lamp
- circuit
- electronic ballast
- switch
- inverter
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
- H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
- H05B41/26—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc
- H05B41/28—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters
- H05B41/295—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters with semiconductor devices and specially adapted for lamps with preheating electrodes, e.g. for fluorescent lamps
- H05B41/298—Arrangements for protecting lamps or circuits against abnormal operating conditions
- H05B41/2981—Arrangements for protecting lamps or circuits against abnormal operating conditions for protecting the circuit against abnormal operating conditions
- H05B41/2985—Arrangements for protecting lamps or circuits against abnormal operating conditions for protecting the circuit against abnormal operating conditions against abnormal lamp operating conditions
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electronic ballast for a low-pressure discharge lamp according to the preamble of claim 1, which has a circuit for detecting a lamp change or a lamp defect.
- a ballast with such a circuit is known for example from EP 0 146 683 B1.
- the resonance capacitor of the series resonance circuit is arranged between the two electrodes of the discharge lamp, which enables the electrodes to be preheated before the lamp is ignited.
- the ballast has a bistable switching device with an operating and a switch-off state, the switching device tipping into the switch-off state in the case of a non-igniting discharge lamp and switching off the inverter.
- the function of this circuit is based on the fact that the amplitude of the current flowing through the load branch with the lamp is substantially greater when the lamp is not ignited than when the lamp is ignited.
- a holding circuit guided over one of the electrodes of the discharge lamp then holds the bistable switching device in this switch-off state until it is interrupted by the insertion of a new lamp, whereby a restart of the lamp is automatically initiated.
- a disadvantage of this circuit is, however, that even after the lamp has been ignited, a parallel current flows across the resonance capacitor and over the two filaments of the lamp.
- This parallel current means energy lost during normal operation of the lamp and affects its luminosity and efficiency.
- this ballast it is not possible with this ballast to regulate the heating power independently of the lamp current, which is to be regarded as disadvantageous in particular in dimmed operation of the lamp, since the current reduction caused by the dimming should be compensated for by the filament heating.
- ballast which has the features of claim 1.
- the ballast according to the invention is characterized in that a heating transformer is provided for heating the filaments, the Primary winding is connected in series with a switch to the output of the inverter.
- the current in the primary winding is transferred to two secondary windings, each of which forms a heating circuit with one of the two coils.
- the current flowing through the primary winding is detected by an evaluation circuit which, in the event of a defect in at least one of the two filaments or when the lamp is removed or in the event of a defect in the lamp detected by further evaluation circuits, switches off the inverter.
- the primary winding of the heating transformer is connected to a DC voltage source even when the inverter is switched off, the switch in series with the primary winding is clocked in this switching-off phase and the current flowing through the primary winding and / or the secondary winding (s) of the heating transformer is evaluated by the evaluation circuit .
- This current largely depends on whether there is a lamp in the system or whether its two filaments are intact.
- the heating transformer transforms the heating voltage downwards towards the lamp, so that the filament resistances are in turn transformed upwards towards the primary winding.
- An evaluation of the current profile therefore provides information not only about whether a lamp is inserted, but also whether and if so, which filament is defective. If the defective lamp is replaced by a new one in the shutdown phase, this is recognized by the evaluation circuit, which then automatically initiates a restart of the lamp.
- the lamp is much more efficient, since the filament heating can be switched off completely after the lamp has been ignited by opening the switch, and therefore no leakage currents occur.
- the heating output can also be regulated by temporarily closing the switch.
- the simplest way to evaluate the current is to measure the voltage drop across a measuring resistor connected in series with the primary winding.
- the series circuit comprising the primary winding and the switch can also be connected to a charging / discharging capacitor, the amplitude of the measured current of the resulting charging or discharging curves being evaluated in terms of their timing or at specific times in order to detect the lamp state.
- the current profile in the heating transformer or the voltage drop across the measuring resistor also depends, among other things, on the DC voltage supplied to the heating transformer. However, this can easily change over time, for example due to network fluctuations.
- the invention can therefore be provided in a heating circuit consisting of a lamp filament and the associated secondary winding, a second measuring resistor, the voltage drop across this measuring resistor also being evaluated.
- a comparison of the two voltages then allows a statement about the state of the electrodes of the lamp which is independent of voltage fluctuations. This is done, for example, by forming the differential voltage, which is then compared to a target value. As will be shown, this method allows a very simple but meaningful analysis of the lamp status.
- the current profile in the heating transformer can also be compared at certain times with an earlier measured value or a reference value. In this case, only a single measuring resistor would be sufficient, with the current in the primary winding or in one of the two secondary windings optionally being able to be evaluated.
- EP 0 707 438 A3 The use of a heating transformer is already known from EP 0 707 438 A3 or from EP 748 146 AI and DE 295 14 817 UI, the turning off of the filament heating after the lamp being ignited also being mentioned here in each case.
- EP 0 707 438 A3 also provides for an evaluation of the heating current in order to detect possible lamp defects.
- none of the ballasts described in these documents provide for the inverter to be switched off and the lamp change to be recognized.
- the invention is also suitable for use with electronic ballasts that operate several lamps.
- Figure 1 shows an embodiment of a circuit according to the invention for controlling the lamp and for detecting the lamp status.
- Fig. 2b the voltage curves at the two measuring resistors in the case of a defective lamp
- the inverter is formed by a half-bridge made up of two electronic switches SI and S2 connected in series. These switches SI, S2 can be formed, for example, by two MOS field effect transistors.
- the base of the half-bridge lies on ground, while the DC voltage U BUS is present at its input, which can be generated, for example, by shaping the usual mains voltage using a combination of radio interference suppressor and rectifier. Alternatively, however, any other DC voltage source can also be present on the half bridge.
- the load circuit containing the discharge lamp LA is connected to the common node of the two switches SI and S2.
- This consists of a series resonance circuit, which is composed of a choke coil L1 and a resonance capacitor C2.
- the inductor L1 is preceded by a coupling capacitor C1.
- the upper of the two cathodes of the lamp LA is also connected to the connecting node between the choke coil L1 and the resonance capacitor C2.
- the two cathodes each have two connections, between each of which a heating coil W1 or W2 is provided for heating the cathodes.
- the lower cathode of the lamp LA is in turn connected to the output of the resonance capacitor C2 and the common node is finally connected to ground via the resistor R1.
- a heating transformer which consists of a primary winding Tp and two secondary windings Tsl and Ts2.
- the secondary windings Tsl and Ts2 are each with a coil Wl or
- Primary winding Tp is arranged in the middle of a series circuit which, in addition to the primary winding Tp, has a charge / discharge capacitor C3 and a third controllable switch S3. Like the two switches of the half-bridge SI and S2, this switch S3 can also consist of a field effect transistor.
- the second switch S3 can also consist of a field effect transistor.
- Connection of the charge / discharge capacitor C3 is like the load circuit with the
- Inverter also supplies the DC supply voltage via a resistor R2
- a measuring resistor R3 is arranged between the switch S3 and the ground connection of the series circuit for detecting the heating current. The voltage drop across the measuring resistor R3 caused by the current is measured with the aid of an evaluation circuit M1.
- Another measuring resistor R4 is arranged in the heating circuit of the lower lamp filament Wl, the voltage drop across this measuring resistor R4 and thus the current flow through this heating circuit through which the evaluation circuit Ml can be measured.
- the two measuring resistors R3, R4 are used indirectly for current measurements, they can of course also be arranged at other positions.
- the first measuring resistor R3 can also be provided between the switch S3 and the primary coil Tp of the heating transformer, or the second measuring resistor R4 can be located on the other side of the secondary coil Tsl in the heating circuit.
- this resistor R4 can also be located in the heating circuit of the upper coil W2 and the second secondary coil Ts2. Since the current intensities are required for the detection of the lamp status, other current measuring devices can also be used instead of the measuring resistors R3 and R4.
- the three switches SI, S2 and S3 are activated by a control circuit (not shown), the preheating of the filaments W1, W2 and the ignition of the lamp LA being carried out in a known manner.
- the third switch S3 is permanently closed, so that the AC voltage emitted by the inverter is also fed to the heating transformer.
- the switches SI and S2 are driven with a frequency that is higher than the resonance frequency of the load circuit, so that the voltage applied to the lamp LA does not yet cause ignition.
- the switch S3 is opened and the heating of the filaments is ended and the ignition of the lamp LA is initiated.
- the AC voltage frequency of the control signals for the two switches SI and S2 of the inverter is approximated to the resonance frequency until the ignition finally takes place.
- the evaluation circuit or other monitoring circuits can be used to check in a known manner whether there is an intact lamp LA in the system. If this is not the case or if a filament breakage or removal of the lamp LA is registered during preheating or during normal operation, the ballast is put into an idle state and the inverter is switched off in order to consume as little energy as possible and to enable the lamp LA to be replaced safely .
- the switch S3 belonging to the filament heating is then clocked at low frequency. Since the primary voltage Tp is supplied with the supply voltage U BUS via the resistor R2, an actuation of the switch S3 generates an alternating voltage which is transmitted through the transformer to the two heating circuits with the coils W1 and W2.
- Switch S3 is preferably switched with a low clock frequency of approximately 50-100 Hz.
- the duty cycle of the control signal for the switch S3 is approximately 50%, but neither the choice of the clock frequency nor the duty cycle for the lamp status detection are critical.
- a current pulse results at the primary coil Tp of the heating transformer due to the discharge of the charge / discharge capacitor C3 and accordingly a voltage pulse U, ⁇ at the measuring resistor R3.
- the voltage curve across the measuring resistor R3 depends essentially on whether there is a lamp LA in the system and whether the two filaments W1 and W2 are intact.
- the transformer transforms the heating voltage downwards towards the lamp, so that the resistances of the two filaments W1 and W2 are in turn transformed upwards towards the primary winding Tp.
- the behavior of the primary winding Tp is therefore influenced by two parallel resistors which correspond to the two coils W1 and W2. If one of the two filaments is broken or the lamp LA has been removed, the behavior of the primary winding Tp changes and thus the course of the current pulse.
- FIGS. 2a and 2b A typical voltage signal U ⁇ which can be tapped at the measuring resistor R3 is shown in FIGS. 2a and 2b.
- the two graphs show that after closing the Switch S3 resulting voltage curve, Fig. 2a for an intact lamp and Fig. 2b in the event that one of the two filaments is broken.
- the voltage U ⁇ rises very quickly after closing and then drops again after about 3 ⁇ s.
- the voltage increase U R3 in the event of a filament break is only half as large and the subsequent voltage drop takes much longer.
- the curves shown in the two graphs represent signal profiles that result from a commercially available gas discharge lamp.
- the voltage curve U R4 is therefore also detected at the second measuring resistor R4.
- Typical curves of U R4 are also shown in FIGS. 2a and 2b for an intact lamp and for a lamp in which the upper filament is broken.
- the voltage signal U R4 at the second measuring resistor R4 differs from the signal U, ⁇ at the first measuring resistor R3 primarily by the amplitude of the voltage pulse.
- V ⁇ also rises very quickly and then drops again somewhat more slowly after approx. 3 ⁇ s.
- the signals U RJ and U R4 differ very clearly in the event of a spiral break.
- the voltage U R4 continues to rise very sharply at the beginning and can even reach values significantly higher than U ⁇ . Subsequently, the signal U R4 drops faster than U ⁇ and after a certain time reaches lower values than U RJ again .
- the measurement results at the measuring resistors R3 and R4 are considered in relation to one another.
- the result of the difference formation is shown in Fig. 2c.
- the curve ⁇ U j shows the difference signal that results from the two curves shown in FIG. 2a with an intact lamp, while the curve ⁇ U d is obtained in the event of a filament break.
- the voltage difference ⁇ U is positive at all times.
- ⁇ U d temporarily takes on negative values.
- the difference between ⁇ Uj and ⁇ U d is more than 400mV, as a result of which the two states can also be distinguished using relatively simple measuring devices. Even deviations from the ideal case, which could lead to heating of the filaments and thus to a change in the resistance values, are only so great that a measuring tolerance of almost 100mV remains in any case.
- a simple assessment of the lamp status is then carried out by measuring the two voltages U ⁇ and U ⁇ in a certain time window or at a fixed time - for example 10 ⁇ s - after closing switch S3, forming the differential voltage ⁇ U and this in the comparator M1 is fed to the evaluation circuit, which compares ⁇ U with a reference or setpoint value.
- the use of the second measuring resistor R4 also provides information about which of the two filaments of the lamp is broken. If this is the lower coil W1, there is inevitably no voltage at R4, since the lower heating circuit is not closed. This is also the case when the lamp has been completely removed. Thus, by evaluating the two voltage signals U, ⁇ and U R4, all four possible lamp states (intact lamp, broken upper or lower filament, no lamp present) can be distinguished very easily. Voltage measurements on the two measuring resistors R3 and R4 are not the only possibility. It would also be conceivable to use all other types of current measuring method with which the current pulses in the primary coil Tp and one of the two coils W1 and W2 can be evaluated.
- Another possibility of recognizing the reinstallation of an intact lamp is to dispense with the second measuring resistor R4 and the measurement of the current through one of the two filament heating circuits and instead only to consider the voltage signal U R3 . If a change occurs with respect to the lamp, for example if a new lamp is used, this definitely results in a change in the signal U ⁇ .
- a voltage value U, ⁇ measured at a certain point in time after the switch S3 has been closed can now be stored at the measuring resistor R3 or an already known target value and the later current measured values of U RJ can be compared with the stored value. Again, for example, a simple comparator is required. If an intact lamp is used, this is recognized immediately.
- the structure of the detection and evaluation circuit Ml is even simplified, since only the measurement on a single resistor must be carried out.
- a further possibility of recognizing the reinstallation of a lamp is to dispense with the measuring resistor R3 and instead only to evaluate the voltage drops on one or both secondary windings (s), for example by means of the voltage signal U R4 .
- the charging / discharging capacitor C3 does not necessarily have to be in the position shown in FIG. 1.
- the charge / discharge capacitor C3 can, for example, also at one end with the node of the two switches SI and S2 of the inverter and at the other end directly with ground be connected.
Landscapes
- Circuit Arrangements For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19923946 | 1999-05-25 | ||
DE19923946 | 1999-05-25 | ||
DE19934687 | 1999-07-23 | ||
DE19934687A DE19934687A1 (de) | 1999-05-25 | 1999-07-23 | Elektronisches Vorschaltgerät für mindestens eine Niederdruck-Entladungslampe |
PCT/EP2000/003572 WO2000072642A1 (de) | 1999-05-25 | 2000-04-19 | Elektronisches vorschaltgerät für mindestens eine niederdruck-entladungslampe |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1103166A1 true EP1103166A1 (de) | 2001-05-30 |
EP1103166B1 EP1103166B1 (de) | 2003-07-16 |
Family
ID=26053507
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP00927002A Expired - Lifetime EP1103166B1 (de) | 1999-05-25 | 2000-04-19 | Elektronisches vorschaltgerät für mindestens eine niederdruck-entladungslampe |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6433490B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1103166B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE245337T1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU761360B2 (de) |
BR (1) | BR0007013A (de) |
WO (1) | WO2000072642A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1635620A1 (de) * | 2004-09-13 | 2006-03-15 | Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH | Elektronisches Vorschaltgerät mit Pumpschaltung für Entladungslampe mit vorheizbaren Elektroden |
Families Citing this family (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10126011A1 (de) * | 2001-05-28 | 2002-12-05 | Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh | Verfahren zum Start einer Entladungslampe |
DE10200053A1 (de) * | 2002-01-02 | 2003-07-17 | Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh | Betriebsgerät für Entladungslampen mit Vorheizeinrichtung |
DE10345610A1 (de) * | 2003-09-29 | 2005-05-12 | Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh | Verfahren zum Betreiben mindestens einer Niederdruckentladungslampe |
DE102005018761A1 (de) | 2005-04-22 | 2006-10-26 | Tridonicatco Gmbh & Co. Kg | Intelligente Flyback-Heizung |
US7586268B2 (en) * | 2005-12-09 | 2009-09-08 | Lutron Electronics Co., Inc. | Apparatus and method for controlling the filament voltage in an electronic dimming ballast |
WO2009126472A1 (en) * | 2008-04-11 | 2009-10-15 | Osram Sylvania, Inc. | Stand alone lamp filament preheat circuit for ballast |
US7839094B2 (en) * | 2008-05-02 | 2010-11-23 | General Electric Company | Voltage fed programmed start ballast |
US8232727B1 (en) | 2009-03-05 | 2012-07-31 | Universal Lighting Technologies, Inc. | Ballast circuit for a gas-discharge lamp having a filament drive circuit with monostable control |
EP2239835B1 (de) * | 2009-04-07 | 2011-09-07 | Osram Gesellschaft mit Beschränkter Haftung | Wandlungsvorrichtung und entsprechendes Wandlungsverfahren |
DE102009020849A1 (de) * | 2009-05-12 | 2010-11-18 | Osram Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Schaltungsanordnung zum Betreiben einer Niederdruck-Gasentladungslampe und entsprechendes Verfahren |
US20100327759A1 (en) * | 2009-06-24 | 2010-12-30 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Electronic ballast for a fluorescent lamp |
AT12060U1 (de) * | 2010-01-28 | 2011-09-15 | Tridonic Gmbh & Co Kg | Betriebsgerät für gasentladungslampen |
DE102010029511B4 (de) * | 2010-05-31 | 2014-10-09 | Osram Gmbh | Schaltungsanordnung zum Betreiben einer Entladungslampe |
US8922131B1 (en) | 2011-10-10 | 2014-12-30 | Universal Lighting Technologies, Inc. | Series resonant inverter with capacitive power compensation for multiple lamp parallel operation |
DE102011085659A1 (de) | 2011-11-03 | 2013-05-08 | Tridonic Gmbh & Co. Kg | Getaktete Heizschaltung für Betriebsgeräte für Leuchtmittel |
US10085316B2 (en) | 2015-09-16 | 2018-09-25 | Philips Lighting Holding B.V. | Circuit for LED driver |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0146683B1 (de) * | 1981-07-31 | 1987-11-19 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Wechselrichter |
US4481460A (en) | 1982-02-08 | 1984-11-06 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Inverter with charging regulator having a variable keying ratio |
ATE194749T1 (de) * | 1994-04-15 | 2000-07-15 | Knobel Lichttech | Vorschaltgerät mit lampenwechselerkennung für entladungslampen |
US5656891A (en) * | 1994-10-13 | 1997-08-12 | Tridonic Bauelemente Gmbh | Gas discharge lamp ballast with heating control circuit and method of operating same |
DE19520999A1 (de) | 1995-06-08 | 1996-12-12 | Siemens Ag | Schaltungsanordnung zur Wendelvorheizung von Leuchtstofflampen |
EP0762808B1 (de) * | 1995-08-31 | 2003-03-05 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Umrichter mit einem piezoelektrischen Wandler |
DE29514817U1 (de) | 1995-09-15 | 1995-11-16 | Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH, 81543 München | Schaltungsanordnung zum Betrieb mindestens einer Niederdruckentladungslampe |
-
2000
- 2000-04-19 AU AU45535/00A patent/AU761360B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2000-04-19 EP EP00927002A patent/EP1103166B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-04-19 BR BR0007013-0A patent/BR0007013A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-04-19 AT AT00927002T patent/ATE245337T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-04-19 WO PCT/EP2000/003572 patent/WO2000072642A1/de active IP Right Grant
-
2001
- 2001-01-23 US US09/766,611 patent/US6433490B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO0072642A1 * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1635620A1 (de) * | 2004-09-13 | 2006-03-15 | Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH | Elektronisches Vorschaltgerät mit Pumpschaltung für Entladungslampe mit vorheizbaren Elektroden |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US6433490B2 (en) | 2002-08-13 |
AU761360B2 (en) | 2003-06-05 |
EP1103166B1 (de) | 2003-07-16 |
BR0007013A (pt) | 2001-07-03 |
AU4553500A (en) | 2000-12-12 |
US20010007410A1 (en) | 2001-07-12 |
ATE245337T1 (de) | 2003-08-15 |
WO2000072642A1 (de) | 2000-11-30 |
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