EP1100100B1 - Schaltung zur Zustandserkennung eines elektrischen Schalters - Google Patents

Schaltung zur Zustandserkennung eines elektrischen Schalters

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Publication number
EP1100100B1
EP1100100B1 EP00124515A EP00124515A EP1100100B1 EP 1100100 B1 EP1100100 B1 EP 1100100B1 EP 00124515 A EP00124515 A EP 00124515A EP 00124515 A EP00124515 A EP 00124515A EP 1100100 B1 EP1100100 B1 EP 1100100B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
switch
state
signal
circuit according
switches
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP00124515A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1100100A1 (de
Inventor
Alessandro Bergamini
Faustino Brandola
Alessandra Mitidieri Costanza
Marco Morello
William Vigano'
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Marelli Europe SpA
Original Assignee
Magneti Marelli Sistemi Elettronici SpA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Magneti Marelli Sistemi Elettronici SpA filed Critical Magneti Marelli Sistemi Elettronici SpA
Publication of EP1100100A1 publication Critical patent/EP1100100A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1100100B1 publication Critical patent/EP1100100B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/16—Indicators for switching condition, e.g. "on" or "off"
    • H01H9/167—Circuits for remote indication
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/0015—Means for testing or for inspecting contacts, e.g. wear indicator

Definitions

  • the present invention relates in general to a circuit for detecting the state of electrical switches.
  • the invention relates to a circuit of the type described in the preamble to Claim 1, for reading the state (open/closed) of electrical switches, particularly for automotive applications, as well as for the diagnosis of a possible damaged condition of the contacts of the switches.
  • Electronic control units provided for managing information connected with the instantaneous states adopted by these switches and for undertaking predetermined actions as a result of a change thereof, are therefore required to monitor these states continuously.
  • Information regarding the instantaneous state of a switch is generally acquired by the provision of a network (for example, this may simply be a resistive divider) which supplies the switch and which detects the voltage established at the terminals of the switch and compares its value with one or more threshold values.
  • a network for example, this may simply be a resistive divider
  • Switches fitted in motor vehicles are generally exposed to moisture, dirt and other atmospheric agents with the result that they undergo damage to their contacts and, in some cases, exhibit a general malfunction condition.
  • an electrical switch which in an open state would have an equivalent resistance of the order of 100 k ⁇ or more may have a greatly reduced equivalent resistance (of the order of a few k ⁇ ) because an undesired current path is established between the contacts.
  • each switch is constantly supplied with a cleaning current of considerable intensity and the value of the voltage which is established at its terminals is transferred to the input of a processing and control unit where it is converted into a digital signal and stored.
  • this method does not permit quantitative diagnosis of a condition of damage to the contacts of the switch, that is, it cannot recognize whether a certain voltage value at the terminals of the switch results from a corresponding actual operative state or from a condition of excessive damage.
  • control unit In all of these cases it would instead be preferable, in the absence of events, for the control unit to operate in an operative state of low current consumption, for example, in order not to discharge the battery of the vehicle, but to be able to recognize correctly the operative state of a switch and/or a possible malfunction condition thereof.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a satisfactory solution to the problems set out above, preventing the problems of the prior art. According to the present invention, this object is achieved by means of a circuit having the characteristics recited in Claim 1.
  • the present invention is based on the principle of supplying the switches continuously with a monitoring current of low intensity so as to satisfy the requirements of low consumption and, selectively, in dependence on the detection of a presumed change in the state of a switch, with a diagnosis current of greater intensity in order to check that the event has actually occurred or to reveal a condition of damage to the switch.
  • the supply of the monitoring current permits continuous monitoring of the state of a switch and qualitative recognition of cases in which the switch has a low or almost zero equivalent resistance (and hence a voltage below a first predetermined threshold value at its terminals) or a very high equivalent resistance (and hence a voltage above a second predetermined threshold value at its terminals).
  • a low or almost zero equivalent resistance may be due to the closed state of the switch, but also to a condition of damage thereto which is present in an open state, when the control unit recognizes that this situation has arisen, the control unit is arranged to supply the diagnosis current and to take a further reading of the state of the switch.
  • the network for supplying the switches includes, for each switch, a pair of circuit branches, each of which is supplied by a corresponding supply voltage and which, in the currently-preferred embodiment, constitute, with the switches, resistive dividers.
  • the supply voltages and the resistive components of these branches are advantageously selected in a manner such that, for a equivalent resistance value which is typical of a condition of damage to the switch so that this condition is interpreted as a closed state of the switch when it is supplied solely with the monitoring current, the supply by means of the diagnosis current enables the open state of the switch to be detected correctly, thus giving rise to two different readings.
  • the supply voltages and the resistive components of the supply network are also advantageously selected in a manner such that the closed state of a switch and the open state in an undamaged condition are interpreted in the same manner in both supply situations.
  • the control unit is then arranged to warn the user of the vehicle of the appearance of a malfunction condition when there are differing readings, and to undertake cyclically a checking procedure to ascertain whether a correct operating condition has been re-established.
  • the switches are also connected to a microprocessor control unit P via respective connection lines, for example, for the switches SW 1 and SW 2 , the lines 10, 20 each of which is connected at one end to the corresponding node N i and at the other end to an activation input IRQ i and to a reading input RD i of the control unit P.
  • the supply network includes first and second circuit branches connected to each switch via the respective node N i and supplied by means of corresponding terminals VS 1 and VS 2 , respectively.
  • a first supply circuit branch B 1 to the supply terminal VS 1 of which a first supply voltage V cc is applied, comprises a resistor R 1 interposed between the supply terminal and the node N 1 .
  • a second supply circuit branch B 2 to the supply terminal VS 2 of which a second supply voltage V B is selectively applied comprises a resistor R 2 and a diode D connected in series therewith, with its cathode connected to the node N 1 .
  • the supply terminal VS 2 is connected to a battery B (for example, the 12V battery of the vehicle, in automotive applications) by means of the emitter-collector path of a switch Q.
  • a single switch Q is common to all of the second circuit paths B 2 and is formed by a bipolar transistor the base terminal of which is connected to an output EN of the control unit P.
  • the connection of the diodes D in the branches B 2 prevents the monitoring current supplied to the switch SW 2 from flowing from the respective branch B 1 , through the respective branch B 2 and the branch B 2 relating to SW 1 , towards the switch SW 1 , upon closure of the switch SW 1 , confusing the reading of the voltage at the node N 1 .
  • An electrical switch approximates to the behaviour of an ideal switch SW id (short-circuit in a closed state, open circuit in an open state), except for a resistive component in series, indicated R s , which intervenes in a closed state and is of the order of a few tens of ohms (the value typically recognized for an on/off switch or a diverter switch for applications in the automotive field is 25 ⁇ ), and except for a resistive component in parallel, indicated Rp which takes account of any parasitic current path between the contacts of the switch due to conditions of wear and dirtiness.
  • the resistive component R p in parallel is of the order of hundreds of k ⁇ ; in a damaged switch, the value typically recognized for the resistive component R p is 2k ⁇ .
  • the supply voltage V cc applied to the terminal VS 1 of the first circuit branch is preferably 5V (and corresponds to the supply voltage of the control unit P), whereas the supply voltage V B applied selectively to the terminal VS 2 of the second circuit branch is derived directly from the battery B (and is therefore about 12V).
  • the values of the resistors R 1 and R 2 are preferably 47k ⁇ and 1k ⁇ , respectively.
  • the signal indicative of the state of a switch is acquired by detecting the voltage which is established at its terminals.
  • each switch SW i is supplied with a monitoring current exclusively via the respective first circuit branch B 1 .
  • the control unit P is therefore able to monitor the (normally open) state of each switch continuously, operating in a state of low current consumption (of the order of hundredths of a mA).
  • the voltage detected at the node N i is determined by the resistive divider constituted by the resistor R 1 and by the equivalent resistance of the switch.
  • the equivalent resistance of a closed switch adopts a value substantially equal to R s (almost zero) and the voltage at the corresponding node N i adopts a value close to the earth potential and in any case within a first range of values or below a predetermined first threshold value.
  • the control unit P receives this voltage value at the corresponding input IRQ i and interprets it as a low logic level binary signal.
  • a monitoring current of the order of a tenth of a mA flows through the switch.
  • the equivalent resistance R p is of the order of hundreds of k ⁇ or more and the supply voltage V cc is divided and is established predominantly at the terminals of the switch.
  • the voltage at the corresponding node N i adopts a value within a second range of values or above a predetermined second threshold value.
  • the control unit P receives this voltage value at the corresponding input IRQ i and interprets it as a high logic level binary signal.
  • a situation of this type also arises when a switch undergoes excessive damage to its contacts and its equivalent resistance R p in the open state adopts a low value (of the order of 2 k ⁇ ) much lower than R 1 .
  • the supply voltage V cc is divided and is established predominantly at the terminals of R 1 and, although the voltage at the node N i is not close to the earth potential, it nevertheless adopts a value within the first range of values or below the first threshold value, which is again interpreted as a low logic level binary signal.
  • control unit Every time the control unit is activated, it is arranged to take a further reading of the state of the switch in order to distinguish which event has actually occurred.
  • the voltage detected at the node N i is now determined substantially by the resistive divider constituted by the emitter-collector path of the switch Q, by the resistor R 2 , by the diode D polarized directly, and by the equivalent resistance of the switch.
  • a diagnosis current of the order of a few mA flows through the switch.
  • the equivalent resistance R p is of the order of one k ⁇ , but is still comparable with R 2 so that the supply voltage V B is divided and is established predominantly at the terminals of the switch and the voltage at the corresponding node N i again adopts a value within the second range of values or above the second threshold value, and the control unit interprets this value correctly as a high logic level binary signal.
  • the control unit correctly recognizes the closed state of the switch and undertakes the predetermined actions resulting from this event.
  • control unit If the control unit has detected a general condition of malfunction of a switch, it warns the user of the vehicle of this condition and is arranged to perform cyclically a checking procedure to ascertain whether a correct operating condition has been re-established.
  • the control unit prevents the supply of the diagnosis current, arranging the network for supplying the switches to operate with the monitoring current alone (switch Q non-conductive). Cyclically, after a waiting period of predetermined duration, it reads the states of the switches at two successive moments by supplying them by means of the monitoring current and by means of the diagnosis current, respectively.
  • the persistence of the malfunction condition is recognized and the unit is arranged for a further diagnosis when a subsequent waiting period has elapsed.
  • the unit advantageously starts to operate in the normal operative condition again, and is set to await an event (supply with low current consumption).
  • the invention is not limited purely to the preferred embodiment described fully by way of example, in which the signal indicative of the state of a switch is acquired by detecting the voltage at the terminals of the switch, but further embodiments in which this signal is acquired at other points of the circuit branches for supplying the switches are also envisaged.

Claims (10)

  1. Schaltkreis zum Abtasten des Schaltzustands von elektrischen Schaltern, beispielsweise von Schaltern (SWi) in einem Kraftfahrzeug, wobei der Schaltkreis enthält:
    - ein Netzwerk (B1, B2), das die Schalter (SWi) ansteuert und so angeordnet ist, dass es Signale erzeugt, die den Schaltzustand eines jeden Schalters (SWi) angeben; und
    - eine Steuereinheit (P), die den Schaltern (SWi) zugeordnet ist, wobei sie so angeordnet ist, dass sie an entsprechenden Eingängen (RDi) jene Signale empfängt, die den Schaltzustand eines jeden Schalters (SWi) anzeigen, und wobei sie so angeordnet ist, dass sie in Abhängigkeit von diesen Signalen entsprechend vorgegebene Maßnahmen vornimmt,
    wobei das Ansteuernetzwerk, das jedem Schalter (SWi) zugeordnet ist, enthält:
    - einen entsprechenden ersten Schaltkreiszweig (B1), der so angeordnet ist, dass er fortlaufend einen Überwachungsstrom liefert, von dem ein erstes Signal erzeugt wird, das den Schaltzustand des Schalters (SWi) anzeigt, und
    - einen entsprechenden zweiten Schaltkreiszweig (B2), der so angeordnet ist, dass er in Abhängigkeit von einem Zustimmungssignal einen Diagnosestrom liefert, der stärker als der Überwachungsstrom ist, und von dem ein zweites Signal erzeugt wird, das den Schaltzustand des Schalters (SWi) anzeigt,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Steuereinheit (P) so angeordnet ist, dass sie das erste und das zweite Signal in Übereinstimmung mit einer Binärlogik interpretiert, wobei die Steuereinheit so angeordnet ist:
    dass sie das Zustimmungssignal immer dann erzeugt, wenn sie an dem zumindest einen Eingang (RDi) ein erstes Signal empfängt, das einen vermutlich geschlossenen Schaltzustand eines Schalters (SWi) anzeigt;
    dass sie zumindest ein zweites Signal abtastet, das den Schaltzustand eines entsprechenden Schalters (SWi) anzeigt, wenn der Schalter (SWi) mit dem Diagnosestrom angesteuert wird;
    dass sie die Werte des ersten Signals und des zweiten Signals vergleicht und den Schaltzustand des Schalters (SWi) als geschlossenen Schaltzustand interpretiert, wenn die Werte gleich sind, und als offenen Schaltzustand in einem Zustand einer Fehlfunktion interpretiert, wenn sich die Werte unterscheiden.
  2. Schaltkreis gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine erste Versorgungsspannung (Vcc) an jeden ersten Zweig (B1) gelegt wird und eine zweite Versorgungsspannung (VB) wahlweise an jeden zweiten Zweig (B2) gelegt wird, und dass die Zweige (B1; B2) beträchtliche ohmsche Kenndaten besitzen.
  3. Schaltkreis gemäß Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jeder erste Zweig (B1) und jeder zweite Zweig (B2) sowie der entsprechende Schalter (SWi) eine Teilung der ersten Versorgungsspannung (Vcc) bzw. der zweiten Versorgungsspannung (VB) hervorrufen, so dass in einem offenen Schaltzustand des Schalters (SWi) und im Zustand einer Fehlfunktion
    das erste Signal, das den Schaltzustand des Schalters (SWi) anzeigt, eine Spannung besitzt, die einen Wert innerhalb eines ersten Bereichs von Werten annimmt, die einem ersten logischen Zustand entsprechen; und
    das zweite Signal eine Spannung besitzt, die einen Wert innerhalb eines zweiten Bereichs von Werten annimmt, die einem zweiten logischen Zustand entsprechen.
  4. Schaltkreis gemäß Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das erste und das zweite Signal, die den Schaltzustand eines Schalters anzeigen, von den Anschlüssen des Schalters (SWi) hergeleitet werden.
  5. Schaltkreis gemäß irgendeinem der bisherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Ansteuernetzwerk (B1, B2) eine Umschalteinrichtung (Q) enthält, die den zweiten Zweigen (B2) zugeordnet ist und mit dem Zustimmungssignal angesteuert werden kann, um die zweite Versorgungsspannung (VB) wahlweise an die Zweige (B2) zu legen.
  6. Schaltkreis gemäß Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Umschalteinrichtung (Q) einen bipolaren Transistor enthält.
  7. Schaltkreis gemäß irgendeinem der bisherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jeder zweite Zweig (B2) ein in eine Richtung leitendes Bauelement (D) enthält.
  8. Schaltkreis gemäß irgendeinem der bisherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Steuereinheit (P) für jeden Schalter (SWi) einen Aktivierungseingang (IRQi) sowie einen Ableseeingang (RDi) für den Erwerb jener Signale enthält, die den Schaltzustand des Schalters (SWi) anzeigen.
  9. Schaltkreis gemäß irgendeinem der bisherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Steuereinheit (P) dann, wenn bei einem Schalter der Zustand einer Fehlfunktion auftritt, so angeordnet ist, dass sie einem Benutzer den Zustand einer Fehlfunktion anzeigt.
  10. Schaltkreis gemäß irgendeinem der bisherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Steuereinheit (P) so angeordnet ist, dass sie ein periodisches Prüfverfahren ausführt, wenn der Zustand einer Fehlfunktion abgetastet wird, wobei das Verfahren folgende Schritte enthält:
    Prüfen, ob in einem Schaltzustand, in dem die Schalter (SWi) mit dem Überwachungsstrom angesteuert werden, ein vorgegebenes Warteintervall abgelaufen ist;
    Abtasten eines ersten Signals, das den Schaltzustand des Schalters (SWi) anzeigt, wenn das Intervall abgelaufen ist;
    Erzeugen des Zustimmungssignals, um die Schalter (SWi) mit dem Diagnosestrom anzusteuern;
    Abtasten eines zweiten Signals, das den Schaltzustand des Schalters (SWi) anzeigt; und
    Vergleichen der Werte des ersten Signals und des zweiten Signals,
    wobei die Steuereinheit das Fortbestehen des Zustands einer Fehlfunktion erkennt, wenn sich die Werte des ersten Signals und des zweiten Signals unterscheiden, und wieder ein richtiger Betriebszustand eingerichtet wird, wenn die Werte gleich sind.
EP00124515A 1999-11-12 2000-11-09 Schaltung zur Zustandserkennung eines elektrischen Schalters Expired - Lifetime EP1100100B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT1999TO000969A IT1311343B1 (it) 1999-11-12 1999-11-12 Circuito per il rilevamento dello stato di interruttori elettrici.
ITTO990969 1999-11-12

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1100100A1 EP1100100A1 (de) 2001-05-16
EP1100100B1 true EP1100100B1 (de) 2006-10-04

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP00124515A Expired - Lifetime EP1100100B1 (de) 1999-11-12 2000-11-09 Schaltung zur Zustandserkennung eines elektrischen Schalters

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1100100B1 (de)
DE (1) DE60031069T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2267448T3 (de)
IT (1) IT1311343B1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105785264A (zh) * 2016-04-25 2016-07-20 首瑞（天津）电气设备有限公司 断路器状态监测装置

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4026418B2 (ja) * 2002-06-05 2007-12-26 株式会社デンソー スイッチ状態検出装置
DE10244534B4 (de) * 2002-09-25 2012-03-01 Nucellsys Gmbh Schaltungsanordnung sowie Verfahren zur Erkennung von Fehlersituationen in gekoppelten Systemen
FR3006462B1 (fr) 2013-05-30 2015-07-03 Continental Automotive France Procede et dispositif de lecture de l'etat de variables de contact d'un vehicule automobile
FR3024794B1 (fr) 2014-08-05 2016-09-02 Continental Automotive France Procede d'acquisition de signaux, tels que signaux representatifs de l'etat de contacts d'un vehicule automobile
FR3080399B1 (fr) * 2018-04-18 2023-11-24 Psa Automobiles Sa Procede de commande d’une serrure electrique permettant de diagnostiquer une defaillance de la commande d’ouverture associee, commande d’ouverture et vehicule mettant en œuvre un tel procede
IT201900006846A1 (it) * 2019-05-15 2020-11-15 Geox Spa Circuito di controllo per un indumento luminoso e metodo di attivazione di sorgenti luminose su indumenti

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DE2921095C2 (de) * 1979-05-22 1983-03-31 Auergesellschaft Gmbh, 1000 Berlin Verfahren zur Überwachung des Schaltzustandes von Schaltelementen
JPH073465B2 (ja) * 1986-09-12 1995-01-18 オムロン株式会社 スイツチ機構
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FR2682528B1 (fr) * 1991-10-15 1997-01-31 Alsthom Gec Dispositif pour la determination de l'etat d'un appareil et en particulier de l'etat ouvert ou ferme d'un appareil electrique a l'aide de contacts auxiliaires.
US5772205A (en) * 1995-10-27 1998-06-30 Coldebella; Mark J. System to detect inoperative switches in an amusement device
US5714852A (en) * 1996-09-13 1998-02-03 United Technologies Automotive, Inc. Three state switch detection using current sensing

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105785264A (zh) * 2016-04-25 2016-07-20 首瑞（天津）电气设备有限公司 断路器状态监测装置
CN105785264B (zh) * 2016-04-25 2018-06-08 首瑞（天津）电气设备有限公司 断路器状态监测装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE60031069D1 (de) 2006-11-16
EP1100100A1 (de) 2001-05-16
DE60031069T2 (de) 2007-02-08
ES2267448T3 (es) 2007-03-16
ITTO990969A0 (it) 1999-11-12
IT1311343B1 (it) 2002-03-12
ITTO990969A1 (it) 2001-05-12

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