EP1097034A1 - Procede et dispositif pour mousser des matieres plastiques - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif pour mousser des matieres plastiques

Info

Publication number
EP1097034A1
EP1097034A1 EP99911684A EP99911684A EP1097034A1 EP 1097034 A1 EP1097034 A1 EP 1097034A1 EP 99911684 A EP99911684 A EP 99911684A EP 99911684 A EP99911684 A EP 99911684A EP 1097034 A1 EP1097034 A1 EP 1097034A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
carbon dioxide
pressure
plastic
increasing
temperature
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP99911684A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Claude Beauge
Michel Le Moual
Christophe Ducellier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Messer France SAS
Original Assignee
Messer France SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Messer France SAS filed Critical Messer France SAS
Publication of EP1097034A1 publication Critical patent/EP1097034A1/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
    • B29C44/34—Auxiliary operations
    • B29C44/3442—Mixing, kneading or conveying the foamable material
    • B29C44/3446—Feeding the blowing agent

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and device for foaming plastics using carbon dioxide.
  • Plastics in viscous, flowable processing states can be gassed in such a way that real foams are formed from coalesced gas bubbles or structures with pores of typically 0.2 to 3 mm in diameter, the walls of which become stable through chemical crosslinking and cooling.
  • Most foams of plastics, hereinafter referred to as "foams”, are porous with a continuous plastic structure (Saechtling-Zebroswki, "Kunststoff Taschenbuch", 19th edition, Carl Hanser Verlag 1974, page 47, chapter 3.2.1 .: general information about Foams).
  • Foams are made by fumigation.
  • chlorinated hydrocarbons such as methyl chloride, methylene chloride, trichlorethylene or chlorine-fluoroalkanes, used (Saechtling-Zebroswki, "plastic paperback", 19th edition,
  • Chemical blowing agents that decompose at higher temperatures with the formation of inert gases and odorless and tasteless, non-toxic residues are also used. Chemical blowing agents are common to all processes Pore formation can be used at higher temperatures (Saechtling-Zebroswki, "Kunststoff Taschenbuch", 19th edition, Carl Hanser Verlag 1974, page 50, chapter 3.2.2.3 .: types of fumigation, chemical blowing agents).
  • Rigid polyurethane foam can be foamed chemically, by eliminating carbon dioxide gas when water is added to the reaction mixture, and with haloalkanes as physical blowing agents which evaporate through the heat of reaction.
  • the second method mainly used gives more uniform and thermally better products. With free foaming, densities of 23 to 26 kg / m 3 are achieved , and under counter pressure (molded foaming) greater than 100 kg / m 3 .
  • the "one-shot” process turns off the polyol, isocyanate, catalyst, blowing agent and emulsifier produced a reaction mixture and the polyurethane foam obtained.
  • a prepolymer with free isocyanate groups is produced from polyol and isocyanate in excess, and a polyol component is produced from polyol, catalyst, emulsifier and blowing agent, which is mixed with that of the prepolymer to form a reaction mixture
  • a reaction mixture Saechtling-Zebroswki, "Kunststoff Taschenbuch", 19th edition, Carl Hanser Verlag 1974, pages 399-402, chap. 4.6.1.9.3.1.: Polyurethane (PUR) foams, PUR hard foam).
  • Polyurethane soft foam is free, mainly foamed with water as a chemical blowing agent. This creates open-pore, air-permeable, highly elastic, soft polyether foams, which are used in particular as seat upholstery, packaging, insulation and for many household items (Saechtling-Zebroswki, "Kunststoff Taschenbuch", 19th edition, Carl Hanser Verlag 1974, page 402, chapter 4.6 .1.9.3.2 .: Polyurethane (PUR) foams, PUR soft foam).
  • plastic here means all conceivable types of plastic and their mixtures which are suitable for being foamed.
  • the process according to the invention means that it is no longer necessary to use chlorofluorocarbonate or hydrocarbonate or isocyanate as a foaming agent.
  • Carbon dioxide is comparatively inexpensive and - in contrast to, for example, isocyanate - not toxic.
  • plastics with a relatively small pore size can be produced with the method according to the invention.
  • liquid or supercritical carbon dioxide is brought to an elevated temperature and fed to the plastic in order to foam the plastic.
  • the increased pressure of the carbon dioxide is 150 to 300 bar, but preferably 220 to 280 bar.
  • the elevated temperature of the carbon dioxide is 30 to 50 ° C, preferably approximately 40 ° C.
  • the carbon dioxide has a viscosity of 12x10 "4 to 35x10 " 4 poise after increasing the pressure or the pressure and the temperature.
  • viscosity is to be understood here as the dynamic viscosity.
  • the carbon dioxide has a density of 300 to 1000 g / l after increasing the pressure or the pressure and the temperature.
  • the carbon dioxide After increasing the pressure or the pressure and the temperature, the carbon dioxide is preferably in the supercritical state. According to the invention, the volume flow of carbon dioxide is 0.5 to 5 g / sec before the carbon dioxide is fed to the plastic.
  • the pressure is increased in at least two stages, the pressure in a first stage preferably being increased to a value between 20 and 80 bar, then the pressure in a second stage being increased to a value between 200 and 300 bar and then the temperature is increased to a value between 30 to 50 ° C.
  • the carbon dioxide is fed to the plastic discontinuously, preferably intermittently at a frequency of 1 to 10 times per minute.
  • the intermittent feeding can take place, for example, with the aid of a control valve, for example with electronic or pneumatic control.
  • the discontinuous supply of the carbon dioxide takes place synchronously with a discontinuous supply of the plastic in a device for its further processing or shaping.
  • the object underlying the invention is further achieved by a device for foaming plastic using carbon dioxide as a foaming agent, in which a source of liquid or supercritical carbon dioxide is connected to at least one device for increasing the pressure of the carbon dioxide, which is connected to a device for foaming the plastic.
  • a pump preferably a pneumatic pump
  • This pump has the advantage of a relatively safe and reliable mode of operation and is also relatively inexpensive.
  • the device for increasing the pressure is preferably also operated with gaseous carbon dioxide. This has the advantage that in principle no compressed air for Operation of the device and the method is necessary. The use of compressed air is also conceivable and is not excluded by the invention.
  • a device for increasing the pressure of the carbon dioxide at least one device for increasing the
  • Temperature of the carbon dioxide is connected downstream.
  • a heating device with the associated temperature control device is preferably used.
  • a heat exchanger in an oil bath and a device for thermostatting the oil bath can be used.
  • the device for increasing the pressure of the carbon dioxide is followed by at least one device for regulating the volume flow of the carbon dioxide.
  • a throttle orifice is preferably used as the device for regulating the volume flow of the carbon dioxide.
  • the device has two devices for increasing the pressure of the carbon dioxide in two stages. According to the pressure is increased in a first stage with the aid of a suitable pressure increasing unit, e.g. B. a pneumatic pump, and then the pressure in a second stage further increased with the help of a further pressure increasing unit as a high pressure pump.
  • a suitable pressure increasing unit e.g. B. a pneumatic pump
  • the method and device according to the invention is advantageously used for producing a foam from a polypropylene, a polyurethane or a polystyrene.
  • the method and the device according to the invention are advantageously used to replace the usual foaming agents, such as pentane, methylene chloride or other hydrocarbons or solvents.
  • foaming agents such as pentane, methylene chloride or other hydrocarbons or solvents.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of a device with a two-stage pressure increase
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of a device with a single-stage pressure increase for the production of polyurethane
  • Liquid carbon dioxide with a pressure of approx. 20 bar and a temperature of approx. -20 ° C. is fed from a storage tank 1 through a line 2 with shut-off device 3 and measuring device 4 to a first pressure increasing unit 5, for example a feed pump (see arrow A) and brought to a pressure of approx. 80 bar (first stage of increasing the pressure).
  • the carbon dioxide which is increased in pressure in the first stage is fed via line 6 to a second stage of pressure increase (see arrow B) and with a second stage
  • Pressure increasing unit 7 for example a second feed pump.
  • a partial flow of the carbon dioxide which has been increased in pressure in the first stage can be recycled if necessary (see arrows C and D) into the storage tank 1 via a line 8 and shut-off devices 9 and 10.
  • the carbon dioxide is at a pressure of approximately 250 bar compressed and then fed via line 11 to a device for increasing the temperature 12 (see arrow E).
  • a shut-off device 13 with measuring device 14 and pressure vessels 15 and 16 are arranged in line 11.
  • the pressure vessels 15 and 16 have the task of damping or eliminating the pulsations occurring due to the high compression.
  • the carbon dioxide is fed to the plastic at a pressure of approx. 250 bar and a temperature of approx. 40 ° C. via a line 17 with shut-off devices 18 and 19 and via a throttle valve 20 in order to foam it (not shown here).
  • the temperature and the pressure via a device, for example one
  • Pressure build-up device 21 and lines 22 and 23 connected therewith set with shut-off devices 24 and 25.
  • the removal and return of carbon dioxide into and from the storage tank 1 is set in a line 28 via shut-off devices 26 and 27 arranged in the storage tank 1.
  • FIG. 2 schematically shows a device with a one-stage pressure increase for the production of polyurethane foam.
  • liquid carbon dioxide is removed from a storage tank 1 here.
  • the carbon dioxide is via a line 2, via a
  • a shut-off device 3 with a measuring device 4 is arranged in the line 26 in front of the filter device 29.
  • the pressure increasing unit 7 is operated via a pressure storage tank 31 connected to the line 30, a heater 32 and subsequent blocking devices 33 and 34. It is also possible to use a pressure increasing unit 7 which is operated with compressed air.
  • the carbon dioxide compressed in the pressure increasing unit 7 to a pressure of approx. 250 bar is then sent to a device via a line 11
  • Temperature increase 12 becomes, for example, a heat exchanger in an oil bath and a device for thermostatting the oil bath.
  • a heat exchanger tube through which the carbon dioxide is passed for example, a copper tube with an outer diameter of approximately 10 mm and an inner diameter of approximately 5 mm can be used.
  • the copper tube is placed in an oil bath, for example with a volume of 10 to 15 l, which can be set and maintained with a heater and a temperature measuring and regulating device to a certain temperature with an accuracy of approx. +2 ° C.
  • the carbon dioxide is then fed via a line 36, which is advantageously thermally insulated, to a device for regulating the carbon dioxide flow 37.
  • the carbon dioxide is then fed to the plastic at a pressure of approximately 250 bar and a temperature of approximately 40 ° C. via further lines 38 and 39, which are also advantageously thermally insulated and are provided with shut-off devices 18 and 19 and a throttle plate 20 in order to foam it in a device 40 and, if necessary, in a device 41 for shaping into a certain external one
  • a particular advantage of the device and the method according to the invention results from the fact that already existing plants for the production of polyurethane foam with a line for the polyol 42 and a line for the isocyanate 43 operate in a relatively simple and inexpensive manner with the method according to the invention can be converted, wherein foam formation by isocyanate can be replaced in whole or in part by the foam formation process according to the invention.

Landscapes

  • Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé pour mousser des matières plastiques à l'aide de dioxyde de carbone comme agent de moussage. Selon ce procédé, du dioxyde de carbone liquide ou surcritique est amené à une pression élevée et acheminé jusqu'à la matière plastique concernée, afin de la mousser. L'invention concerne également un dispositif de moussage de matière plastique à l'aide de dioxyde de carbone comme agent de moussage, où une source de dioxyde de carbone liquide ou surcritique communique avec au moins un dispositif pour augmenter la pression du dioxyde de carbone.
EP99911684A 1998-02-27 1999-02-19 Procede et dispositif pour mousser des matieres plastiques Ceased EP1097034A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19808266 1998-02-27
DE19808266A DE19808266A1 (de) 1998-02-27 1998-02-27 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Schäumen von Kunststoffen
PCT/EP1999/001071 WO1999043483A1 (fr) 1998-02-27 1999-02-19 Procede et dispositif pour mousser des matieres plastiques

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1097034A1 true EP1097034A1 (fr) 2001-05-09

Family

ID=7859078

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP99911684A Ceased EP1097034A1 (fr) 1998-02-27 1999-02-19 Procede et dispositif pour mousser des matieres plastiques

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1097034A1 (fr)
AR (1) AR017467A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE19808266A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1999043483A1 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA991543B (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102004022685B4 (de) * 2004-05-05 2014-05-22 Basf Se Verfahren zur Herstellung von Formschaumstoffen mittels Temperaturerhöhung während der Eintragzeit
CN101559640B (zh) * 2009-06-04 2011-11-23 南京法宁格节能科技有限公司 聚苯乙烯挤塑板生产用二氧化碳发泡剂注入装置及其注入方法
CN108559236B (zh) * 2018-03-21 2020-11-17 奚桢浩 一种具有微纳结构的组织工程支架材料及其制备方法
CN110027159A (zh) * 2019-03-19 2019-07-19 江苏集萃先进高分子材料研究所有限公司 一种超临界气体模压发泡预处理装置及方法

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4906672A (en) * 1988-07-29 1990-03-06 Pmc, Inc. Blowing agents for polyurethane foam
US5250577A (en) * 1989-08-02 1993-10-05 The Dow Chemical Company Polystyrene foam made with only carbon dioxide as a blowing agent and a process for making the same
US5670102A (en) * 1993-02-11 1997-09-23 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Method of making thermoplastic foamed articles using supercritical fluid
DE4305866A1 (de) * 1993-02-25 1994-09-01 Linde Ag Treibmitteldosierung bei der Herstellung von Kunststoffschäumen
US5830393A (en) * 1996-07-10 1998-11-03 Mitsui Chemicals, Inc. Process for preparing expanded product of thermoplastic resin

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO9943483A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1999043483A1 (fr) 1999-09-02
AR017467A1 (es) 2001-09-05
DE19808266A1 (de) 1999-09-09
ZA991543B (en) 1999-08-25

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