EP1094575B1 - Spark plug - Google Patents

Spark plug Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1094575B1
EP1094575B1 EP00122635A EP00122635A EP1094575B1 EP 1094575 B1 EP1094575 B1 EP 1094575B1 EP 00122635 A EP00122635 A EP 00122635A EP 00122635 A EP00122635 A EP 00122635A EP 1094575 B1 EP1094575 B1 EP 1094575B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
spark plug
central electrode
region
bore
diameter
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP00122635A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1094575A1 (en
Inventor
Manfred Adolf
Werner Niessner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BorgWarner Ludwigsburg GmbH
Original Assignee
Beru AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Beru AG filed Critical Beru AG
Publication of EP1094575A1 publication Critical patent/EP1094575A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1094575B1 publication Critical patent/EP1094575B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
    • H01T13/02—Details
    • H01T13/14—Means for self-cleaning
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
    • H01T13/20—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation
    • H01T13/39—Selection of materials for electrodes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a spark plug.
  • a spark plug is included an electrically insulating ceramic insulator, a metallic one Spark plug body, a ground electrode and one Center electrode, which is centered in a bore of the ceramic insulator is arranged, described in the ignition side End area on the circumference of the center electrode a circumferential Tip is formed or formed, the center electrode comprises annular; this circumferential tip is in Area of the spark outlet area near the ground potential arranged and serves one at the tips Establish field concentration to do the spark work to reduce; however, this training has no influence on the emergence or burnup of electrically conductive Combustion residues in the gap between the insulator and the center electrode.
  • Figure 1 gives an embodiment a spark plug according to the invention schematically and in partial longitudinal section again;
  • Figure 2 is a partial cross section through the combustion chamber Area of the insulator base of the spark plug version according to FIG. 1.
  • the embodiment of the spark plug according to the invention 1 has an electrically insulating ceramic insulator 1, a metallic spark plug body 2, a ground electrode 3 and a center electrode 4, which is centric is arranged in a bore 5 of the ceramic insulator 1.
  • the center electrode 4 is electrically conductive Sealing compound 6, preferably a glass melt in the Insulator hole 5 fixed.
  • the Center electrode 4 has a jacket made of a nickel alloy 7 with a core 8 made of a good heat-conducting material, preferably Copper, on.
  • the insulator bore 5 has a ring-shaped tip 10 the center electrode 4, the circumferential tip 10 is in present case formed burr-shaped and has one Slope ⁇ from about 15 to about 90 degrees; she is on the Sheath 7 of the center electrode 4 molded on or from this formed.
  • combustion chamber side Area of the center electrode 4 is tapered
  • this area is not tapered, but the surrounding area of the Insulator bore 5 has a larger diameter than the connection side Has bore area.
  • the center electrode 4 with a noble metal reinforcement is preferred 9 provided; it essentially has one corresponding to the diameter of the center electrode tip Diameter from about 0.5 mm to about 1.5 mm and exists preferably made of a platinum alloy or an iridium alloy.
  • the gap S between Insulator foot 11 and bore diameter of the breathing space 12 of the spark plug body 2 has a width that is at least 1.5 times the ignition gap Z between the ground electrode 3 and center electrode 4 corresponds.
  • the center electrode 4 is geometrical designed and defined in this way in the insulator bore 5 placed that on the spark plug in extreme cold start operation or when operating the engine with an oxygen / fuel ratio ⁇ ⁇ 1.0 no shunt on the insulation gap of the insulator foot between the center electrode 4 and the spark plug body 2, which is ⁇ 100 MOhm.
  • Center electrode 4 with around the circumference of the center electrode jacket 7 trending sharp tip 10 becomes local Field peak increase caused, in connection with the sooty insulator foot creates a strong inhomogeneous field, which in turn is a prerequisite for the training of Partial discharges, so-called corona discharges. While engine operation occurs before the electrical breakthrough on the spark gap between the center electrode 4 and the Ground electrode 3 targeted pre-discharges between the sharp ones Tip 10 on the center electrode and the insulator hole 5th
  • a corona discharge is a Gap between the sharp tip 10 of the center electrode 4 and the insulator bore 5 of at least about 0.15 mm. Due to the constructively initiated pre-discharge it leads to a stable glow discharge.
  • the glow discharge growing discharge channels with tufted, bluish discharge pattern clean the insulator bore 5 and interrupt the electrical conductor strip of the soot particles coated insulator base 11 to the ground potential of the spark plug body Second
  • the spark plugs of the invention have excellent Cold start and high resistance to Soot with the resulting malfunctions on.
  • the high shunt resistance of the combustion chamber Current conduction path prevents parasitic discharge through the Insulator foot and leads to the best possible ignition of the Fuel / air mixture.

Abstract

The sparking plug is such that at the ignition side end region, on the circumference of the center electrode (4), a circular tip (10) is built on or formed. This surrounds the center ring shaped electrode (4). The circular tip (10) has an inclination angle of 15 to 90 degrees.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Zündkerze.The invention relates to a spark plug.

Bei üblichen weit verbreiteten Zündkerzen mit Luftfunkenstrecke treten häufig Funktionsstörungen durch Verrußung auf; hierbei handelt es sich um Wiederholstartund Kaltstartprobleme, die durch geringen Nebenschlußwiderstand des Isolatorfusses, der durch elektrisch leitfähige Verbrennungsrückstände (Ruß) entsteht, zum Funktionsausfall der Zündkerze führen.With common widespread spark plugs Air spark gaps often cause malfunctions Soot on; this is a repeat start and Cold start problems caused by low shunt resistance of the insulator base by electrically conductive Combustion residues (soot) arise, leading to a malfunction the spark plug.

In der Druckschrift FR-A-572446 die als nächstliegender Stand der Technik ausgesehen wird, wird eine Zündkerze mit einem elektrisch isolierenden Keramikisolator, einem metallischen Zündkerzenkörper, einer Masseelektrode und einer Mittelelektrode, die zentrisch in einer Bohrung des Keramikisolators angeordnet ist, beschrieben, wobei im zündseitigen Endbereich auf dem Umfang der Mittelelektrode eine umlaufende Spitze auf- oder ausgebildet ist, die die Mittelelektrode ringförmig umfasst; diese umlaufende Spitze ist im Bereich der Funkenaustrittsfläche in der Nähe des Massepotentials angeordnet und dient dazu, an den Spitzen eine Feldkonzentration herzustellen, um die Funkenaustrittsarbeit zu verringern; diese Ausbildung hat jedoch keinen Einfluß auf die Entstehung oder den Abbrand elektrisch leitfähiger Verbrennungsrückstände im Spalt zwischen Isolator und Mittelelektrode.In the publication FR-A-572446, which is considered to be the closest prior art, a spark plug is included an electrically insulating ceramic insulator, a metallic one Spark plug body, a ground electrode and one Center electrode, which is centered in a bore of the ceramic insulator is arranged, described in the ignition side End area on the circumference of the center electrode a circumferential Tip is formed or formed, the center electrode comprises annular; this circumferential tip is in Area of the spark outlet area near the ground potential arranged and serves one at the tips Establish field concentration to do the spark work to reduce; however, this training has no influence on the emergence or burnup of electrically conductive Combustion residues in the gap between the insulator and the center electrode.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es daher, eine Zündkerze zur Verfügung zu stellen, deren Kaltstarteigenschaften wesentlich verbessert sind, und bei denen die zuvor beschriebenen Probleme durch Verrußung wesentlich vermindert werden.The object of the invention is therefore to provide a spark plug To provide their cold start properties essential are improved, and in which the previously described Problems with soot can be significantly reduced.

Die erfindungsgemäße Aufgabe wird durch Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.The object of the invention is achieved by Features of claim 1 solved.

Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den nachfolgenden Ansprüchen 2 bis 10.Further advantageous embodiments of the invention result from the following claims 2 to 10.

Die Erfindung wird anhand der beiliegenden Figuren 1 und 2 näher erläutert. Hierbei gibt die Figur 1 eine Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Zündkerze schematisch und in teilweisem Längsschnitt wieder;The invention is illustrated by the attached figures 1 and 2 explained in more detail. Here, Figure 1 gives an embodiment a spark plug according to the invention schematically and in partial longitudinal section again;

Figur 2 ist ein teilweiser Querschnitt durch den brennraumseitigen Bereich des Isolatorfusses der Zündkerzenausführung gemäß Figur 1.Figure 2 is a partial cross section through the combustion chamber Area of the insulator base of the spark plug version according to FIG. 1.

Die Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Zündkerze gemäß Figur 1 weist einen elektrisch isolierenden Keramikisolator 1, einen metallischen Zündkerzenkörper 2, eine Masseelektrode 3 und eine Mittelelektrode 4 auf, die zentrisch in einer Bohrung 5 des Keramikisolators 1 angeordnet ist. Hierbei ist die Mittelelektrode 4 mit elektrisch leitenden Abdichtmasse 6, vorzugsweise einer Glaseinschmelzung in der Isolatorbohrung 5 fixiert.The embodiment of the spark plug according to the invention 1 has an electrically insulating ceramic insulator 1, a metallic spark plug body 2, a ground electrode 3 and a center electrode 4, which is centric is arranged in a bore 5 of the ceramic insulator 1. Here, the center electrode 4 is electrically conductive Sealing compound 6, preferably a glass melt in the Insulator hole 5 fixed.

Im bevorzugten Fall dieser Ausführungsform weist die Mittelelektrode 4 einen Mantel aus einer Nickellegierung 7 mit einem Kern 8 aus gut wärmeleitendem Werkstoff, vorzugsweise Kupfer, auf.In the preferred case of this embodiment, the Center electrode 4 has a jacket made of a nickel alloy 7 with a core 8 made of a good heat-conducting material, preferably Copper, on.

Der Isolatorfuß 11, der sich brennraumseitig aus dem Zündkerzenkörper 2 erstreckt, umgibt den brennraumseitigen Bereich der Mittelelektrode 4, die in diesem Bereich gegenüber dem sich anschlußseitig anschließenden Mittelelektrodenbereich verjüngt ist. In diesem verjüngten Bereich der Mittelelektrode 4 und innerhalb des brennraumseitigen Endbereichs der Isolatorbohrung 5 umläuft eine Spitze 10 ringförmig die Mittelelektrode 4, die umlaufende Spitze 10 ist im vorliegenden Fall gratförmig ausgebildet und besitzt eine Steigung α von etwa 15 bis etwa 90 Grad; sie ist auf dem Mantel 7 der Mittelelektrode 4 aufgeformt oder aus diesem ausgeformt.The insulator base 11, which is from the combustion chamber side Spark plug body 2 extends, surrounds the combustion chamber side Area of the center electrode 4 opposite in this area the connecting center electrode area is rejuvenated. In this tapered area of Center electrode 4 and within the combustion chamber end region the insulator bore 5 has a ring-shaped tip 10 the center electrode 4, the circumferential tip 10 is in present case formed burr-shaped and has one Slope α from about 15 to about 90 degrees; she is on the Sheath 7 of the center electrode 4 molded on or from this formed.

Während bei der vorliegenden Ausführungsform der brennraumseitige Bereich der Mittelelektrode 4 verjüngt ist, besteht eine Alternative hierzu darin, daß dieser Bereich nicht verjüngt ist, dafür jedoch der umgebende Bereich der Isolatorbohrung 5 einen größeren Durchmesser als der anschlußseitige Bohrungsbereich besitzt. While in the present embodiment, the combustion chamber side Area of the center electrode 4 is tapered, An alternative to this is that this area is not tapered, but the surrounding area of the Insulator bore 5 has a larger diameter than the connection side Has bore area.

Bei dieser Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Zündkerze wird bevorzugt die Mittelelektrode 4 mit einer Edelmetallarmierung 9 versehen; sie besitzt einen im wesentlichen dem Durchmesser der Mittelelektrodenspitze entsprechenden Durchmesser von etwa 0,5 mm bis etwa 1,5 mm und besteht bevorzugt aus einer Platinlegierung oder einer Iridiumlegierung.In this embodiment of the spark plug according to the invention the center electrode 4 with a noble metal reinforcement is preferred 9 provided; it essentially has one corresponding to the diameter of the center electrode tip Diameter from about 0.5 mm to about 1.5 mm and exists preferably made of a platinum alloy or an iridium alloy.

Ebenfalls vorgesehen ist, daß der Spalt S zwischen Isolatorfuß 11 und Bohrungsdurchmesser des Atmungsraum 12 des Zündkerzenkörpers 2 eine Breite aufweist, die mindestens dem 1,5-fachen des Zündspalts Z zwischen Massenelektrode 3 und Mittelelektrode 4 entspricht.It is also provided that the gap S between Insulator foot 11 and bore diameter of the breathing space 12 of the spark plug body 2 has a width that is at least 1.5 times the ignition gap Z between the ground electrode 3 and center electrode 4 corresponds.

Gemäß Figur 2 ist die umlaufende Spitze 10 etwa mittig innerhalb der Bohrung 5 auf dem verjüngten brennraumseitigen Bereich der Mittelelektrode 4 angeordnet; mit D1 ist in dieser Figur der Durchmesser der Isolatorbohrung 5, mit D2 der Durchmesser der umlaufenden Spitze 10 einschließlich innenliegendem Mittelelektrodenbereich, mit D3 der Durchmesser des verjüngten brennraumseitigen Bereichs der Mittelelektrode 4, mit D4 der Durchmesser der vordersten Spitze der Mittelelektrode 4 bzw. der Edelmetallarmierung und mit D5 der Durchmesser der Mittelelektrode im anschlußseitigen Bereich bezeichnet. Hierbei soll bevorzugt gelten, daß D2 = D1 - (0,3 bis 1,0) mm; D3 = D1 - (0,5 bis 1,5) mm; D5 = D1 - (0,05 bis 0,1) mm sind.According to FIG. 2, the circumferential tip 10 is arranged approximately centrally within the bore 5 on the tapered region of the center electrode 4 on the combustion chamber side; with D1 in this figure is the diameter of the insulator bore 5, with D2 the diameter of the circumferential tip 10 including the inner central electrode area, with D3 the diameter of the tapered combustion chamber side area of the central electrode 4, with D4 the diameter of the foremost tip of the central electrode 4 or the noble metal reinforcement and D5 denotes the diameter of the center electrode in the area on the connection side. It should preferably apply that D2 = D1 - (0.3 to 1.0) mm; D3 = D1 - (0.5 to 1.5) mm; D5 = D1 - (0.05 to 0.1) mm are.

Erfindungsgemäß ist die Mittelelektrode 4 geometrich derart ausgebildet und definiert in der Isolatorbohrung 5 plaziert, daß sich an der Zündkerze im extremen Kaltstartbetrieb oder beim Motorbetrieb mit einem Verhältnis Sauerstoff/Kraftstoff λ < 1,0 kein Nebenwiderstand auf der Isolierstrecke des Isolatorfusses zwischen der Mittelelektrode 4 und dem Zündkerzenkörper 2, der < 100 MOhm ist, ausbildet.According to the invention, the center electrode 4 is geometrical designed and defined in this way in the insulator bore 5 placed that on the spark plug in extreme cold start operation or when operating the engine with an oxygen / fuel ratio λ <1.0 no shunt on the insulation gap of the insulator foot between the center electrode 4 and the spark plug body 2, which is <100 MOhm.

Durch die erfindungsgemäße geometrische Ausbildung der Mittelelektrode 4 mit der um den Umfang des Mittelelektrodenmantels 7 verlaufenden scharfen Spitze 10 wird lokale Feldspitzenerhöhung hervorgerufen, wobei in Verbindung mit der verrußten Isolatorfuß ein starkes inhomogenes Feld entsteht, das wiederum Voraussetzung für die Ausbildung von Teilentladungen, sogenannten Koronaentladungen ist. Während des Motorbetriebes entstehen vor dem elektrischen Durchbruch an der Funkenstrecke zwischen der Mittelelektrode 4 und der Masseelektrode 3 gezielte Vorentladungen zwischen der scharfen Spitze 10 auf der Mittelelektrode und der Isolatorbohrung 5.Due to the geometric configuration of the invention Center electrode 4 with around the circumference of the center electrode jacket 7 trending sharp tip 10 becomes local Field peak increase caused, in connection with the sooty insulator foot creates a strong inhomogeneous field, which in turn is a prerequisite for the training of Partial discharges, so-called corona discharges. While engine operation occurs before the electrical breakthrough on the spark gap between the center electrode 4 and the Ground electrode 3 targeted pre-discharges between the sharp ones Tip 10 on the center electrode and the insulator hole 5th

Zur sicheren Ausbildung einer Koronaentladung ist ein Spalt zwischen der scharfen Spitze 10 der Mittelelektrode 4 und der Isolatorbohrung 5 von mindestens etwa 0,15 mm vorgesehen. Durch die konstruktiv initiierte Vorentladung kommt es zu einer stabilen Glimmentladung. Die aus der Glimmentladung wachsenden Entladungskanäle mit büschelförmigem, bläulichen Entladungsbild reinigen die Isolatorbohrung 5 und unterbrechen das elektrische Leiterband des mit Rußpartikeln beschichteten Isolatorfußes 11 zum Massepotential des Zündkerzenkörpers 2.For the safe formation of a corona discharge is a Gap between the sharp tip 10 of the center electrode 4 and the insulator bore 5 of at least about 0.15 mm. Due to the constructively initiated pre-discharge it leads to a stable glow discharge. The glow discharge growing discharge channels with tufted, bluish discharge pattern clean the insulator bore 5 and interrupt the electrical conductor strip of the soot particles coated insulator base 11 to the ground potential of the spark plug body Second

Mit den erfindungsgemäßen Zündkerzen wurden Verrußungstests durchgeführt; hierbei wurde die geforderte Zyklenzahl von mindestens 25 erreicht und erfüllten damit die Forderungen nach sicherem Motorstart, sicherem Hochlaufen des Motors bei Lastannahme und gute Gasannahme. Zündkerzen mit serienüblichen Mittelelektroden und üblichen geometrischen Einbaumaßen fielen nach 5 bis 8 Zyklen bei diesen Test aus, mit der Folge, daß zuverlässiges Starten des Motors, sicheres Hochlaufen des Motors und ausreichende Lastannahme nicht erzielbar waren.Soot tests were carried out with the spark plugs according to the invention carried out; here the required number of cycles of at least 25 and thus met the requirements after safe engine start, safe startup of the Motors at load acceptance and good throttle response. Spark plugs with standard standard electrodes and usual geometric Installation dimensions failed after 5 to 8 cycles in this test, with the result that reliable engine starting, safe Start-up of the engine and insufficient load acceptance were achievable.

Demnach weisen die erfindungsgemäßen Zündkerzen hervorragende Kaltstarteigenschaft sowie hohe Resistenz gegen Verrußung mit den daraus resultierenden Funktionsstörungen auf. Der hohe Nebenschlußwiderstand des brennraumseitigen Stromleitpfades verhindert parasitäre Entladung über den Isolatorfuß und führt zu bestmöglicher Entflammung des Kraftstoff/Luftgemisches.Accordingly, the spark plugs of the invention have excellent Cold start and high resistance to Soot with the resulting malfunctions on. The high shunt resistance of the combustion chamber Current conduction path prevents parasitic discharge through the Insulator foot and leads to the best possible ignition of the Fuel / air mixture.

Claims (10)

  1. A spark plug having an electrically insulating ceramic insulator (1), a metallic spark plug body (2), an earth electrode (3) and a central electrode (4) which is arranged centrally in a bore (5) of the ceramic insulator (1), wherein an encircling pointed element (10) is formed or constructed around the ignition-side end region on the periphery of the central electrode (4), which encircling pointed element (10) surrounds the central electrode (4) in an annular manner and is arranged inside the combustion-chamber-side end region of the insulator bore (5).
  2. A spark plug according to claim 1, characterised in that the encircling pointed element (10) has an inclination α of from 15 to 90°.
  3. A spark plug according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the pointed element (10) is formed from the material of the casing (7) of the central electrode (4).
  4. A spark plug according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the ignition-side region of the central electrode (4) around which the pointed element (10) is arranged is reduced in comparison with that region of the central electrode (4) which extends on the connection side.
  5. A spark plug according to claim 4, characterised in that the relationship between the diameter D1 of the insulator bore (5), the diameter D2 of the reduced central electrode region plus the encircling pointed element (10), the diameter D3 of the reduced central electrode region and the diameter D5 of the non-reduced central electrode region satisfies the conditions: D2 = D1 - (0.3 to 1.0) mm; D3 = D1 - (0.5 to 1.5) mm; D5 = D1 - (0.05 to 0.1) mm.
  6. A spark plug according to claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the diameter of the bore (5) in the connection-side region of the central electrode (4) around which the pointed element (10) is arranged is increased in comparison with the connection-side region of the bore.
  7. A spark plug according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the ignition-side reduced region of the central electrode (4) is substantially surrounded by the bore (5), the pointed element (10) of the reduced region of the central electrode (4) extending around and being arranged at approximately ½ A in the middle of the length A by which the insulator foot (11) projects from the spark plug body (2).
  8. A spark plug according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the central electrode (4) is formed with a noble metal armouring (9) having a diameter of from 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm over the entire surface area of the ignition tip.
  9. A spark plug according to claim 8, characterised in that the noble metal alloy is a platinum alloy or an iridium alloy.
  10. A spark plug according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the gap S provided between the insulator foot (11) and the bore diameter of the breathing space (12) of the spark plug body (2) has a width corresponding to at least 1.5 times the ignition gap Z between the earth electrode (3) and the central electrode (4).
EP00122635A 1999-10-21 2000-10-17 Spark plug Expired - Lifetime EP1094575B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19950922 1999-10-21
DE19950922A DE19950922A1 (en) 1999-10-21 1999-10-21 spark plug

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1094575A1 EP1094575A1 (en) 2001-04-25
EP1094575B1 true EP1094575B1 (en) 2003-01-15

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EP00122635A Expired - Lifetime EP1094575B1 (en) 1999-10-21 2000-10-17 Spark plug

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US (1) US6583538B1 (en)
EP (1) EP1094575B1 (en)
JP (1) JP4837819B2 (en)
AT (1) ATE231297T1 (en)
DE (2) DE19950922A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2187419T3 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2009004257A (en) * 2007-06-22 2009-01-08 Nippon Soken Inc Spark plug installation structure
JP4719191B2 (en) * 2007-07-17 2011-07-06 日本特殊陶業株式会社 Spark plug for internal combustion engine
JP4965471B2 (en) * 2008-01-23 2012-07-04 日本特殊陶業株式会社 Spark plug
US9728429B2 (en) 2010-07-27 2017-08-08 Lam Research Corporation Parasitic plasma prevention in plasma processing chambers

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US1332904A (en) * 1920-03-09 Spaek-plxjg
US1323932A (en) * 1919-12-02 Spark-plug
US1216139A (en) * 1915-07-21 1917-02-13 Mccormick Mfg Company Spark-plug for internal-combustion engines.
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US1350319A (en) * 1919-09-27 1920-08-24 A L Mccormick Spark-plug
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JPS58216378A (en) * 1982-06-11 1983-12-16 トヨタ自動車株式会社 Spark plug
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JPH04206488A (en) * 1990-11-30 1992-07-28 Ryohei Kashiwabara Quick combustion device for ignition plug
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Publication number Publication date
US6583538B1 (en) 2003-06-24
JP4837819B2 (en) 2011-12-14
ATE231297T1 (en) 2003-02-15
ES2187419T3 (en) 2003-06-16
JP2001155838A (en) 2001-06-08
EP1094575A1 (en) 2001-04-25
DE19950922A1 (en) 2001-04-26
DE50001081D1 (en) 2003-02-20

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