EP1092846B1 - Hydrodynamisch optimierter katalytischer Formkörper - Google Patents
Hydrodynamisch optimierter katalytischer Formkörper Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1092846B1 EP1092846B1 EP00121383A EP00121383A EP1092846B1 EP 1092846 B1 EP1092846 B1 EP 1092846B1 EP 00121383 A EP00121383 A EP 00121383A EP 00121383 A EP00121383 A EP 00121383A EP 1092846 B1 EP1092846 B1 EP 1092846B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- catalytic
- catalytic structure
- shaped
- shaped catalytic
- molded body
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
- F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
- F01N3/2807—Metal other than sintered metal
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
- F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2470/00—Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes
- F01N2470/18—Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes the axis of inlet or outlet tubes being other than the longitudinal axis of apparatus
Definitions
- the invention relates to a catalytic molded body with an upstream side and a downstream surface, as well as a peripheral surface.
- a purification of the exhaust gas is carried out with the aid of a catalyst.
- the exhaust gas stream is passed through a arranged in the exhaust line of the motor vehicle catalytic moldings.
- a shaped body usually has a multiplicity of channel-like structures which are arranged parallel to the axis of the catalytic shaped body.
- the customary catalytic shaped bodies are constructed either from ceramic materials or from metal.
- the material can either be catalytically active itself or the walls of the channels can be coated with a catalytically active material, usually metals, such as platinum, vanadium, cobalt, nickel, chromium, etc.
- the catalytic molded body is arranged in the installed state in a housing in the exhaust system of a motor vehicle. During operation, the catalytic molded body is flowed against the exhaust gas at an end face. In this case, the total gas stream is divided into a plurality of individual gas streams, which are passed through the channel-like structures and reunite at the downstream surface of the catalytic molded body. The exchange between the individual gas streams is limited by the at least partially, in extreme cases completely gastight walls of the channels.
- the cross-sectional area of the catalytic shaped body is generally larger than that of the pipe through which the exhaust gas flow from the engine is supplied to the catalyst.
- the cross-section of the exhaust gas stream at the entrance is widened drastically and reduced again at the exit. This results in a lateral pressure gradient at the upstream end surface of the molded body, which is in the order of magnitude of the pressure drop over the molded body and thereby to a radial distribution of the gas velocities in the channel-like structures.
- different flow rates and thus different hydrodynamic residence times occur in the independently flowed through channel-like structures.
- a catalyst muffler is described, with a Muffler housing and a catalyst disposed therein. Before the inflow side of Catalyst is arranged a plurality of exhaust manifold plates, which by a Inlet into the muffler exhaust gas flowed evenly into the Distributed exhaust gas passages of the catalyst.
- the molding should be designed so that the flow resistance the individual to be flowed through channel-like structures varies radially. This will the flow resistance is reduced in the direction of the lateral pressure loss, so that over the entire cross-section of the molding a uniform flow velocity is achieved.
- the same effect can be achieved by varying the channel length.
- This Preferably takes place in that the shaped body along its axis a larger Has extension than in the longitudinal direction along its peripheral surface.
- DE 22 01 881 is a one-piece carrier body with described continuous channels for catalysts, wherein the carrier body at least at a lying in the flow path of the gas cone-like or is formed pyramid-shaped. This conical or pyramidal section of the Carrier body is preferably arranged on the upstream side.
- EP 0 818 613 also teaches a catalyst device for purifying exhaust gases.
- This consists of a tubular housing extending at both ends tapered frusto-conical.
- a catalytic molded body is provided, wherein the exhaust gas flowed end face has a convex curvature. Together with the truncated cone-like portion of the housing so that a more even distribution of flow velocity across the cross section be achieved.
- a catalyst carrier body which is a has improved heat radiation behavior from the individual layers of the matrix.
- the catalyst carrier body on the downstream side of a Has projection.
- the projection can be shaped differently. It will proposed to design the projection conical or frustoconical or that the projecting shape through a substantially inwardly from the periphery of the matrix extending, at least partially convex curvature is formed. By the projecting shape, the area is increased, the heat radiation and thus the Heat transfer to the effluent exhaust gas is available.
- DE 22 01 881 discloses a catalyst compound coated with Carrier body, which at least one in the flow path the gas lying side cone-like or pyramidal is trained.
- the object of the invention is therefore to provide a catalytic molded body, which allows a better homogenization of the flow.
- This object is achieved by a catalytic molded body with an upstream and a downstream surface achieved in that the antröm bathe surface as a lateral surface a conical or truncated cone-like projection is formed, wherein the lateral surface at least partially has a concave curvature.
- the upstream surface By designing the upstream surface in such a way that the upstream surface is formed as a lateral surface of a conical or truncated cone-like projection, wherein the lateral surface at least partially has a concave curvature, a Compared to the known from the prior art designs of on the upstream surface much more homogeneous flow distribution can be achieved. Due to its uniform flow shows the inventive catalytic Shaped body better effectiveness and a longer shelf life, since no or at least a much lower premature deactivation of the catalyst in particular heavily loaded areas occurs.
- the concave curvature of the upstream surface extends from the circumference of the catalytic shaped body towards the axis lying in the flow direction.
- the lead ideally runs in a tip. However, there are high mechanical loads in this area The tip can also be cut off.
- the lead then receives one frustoconical shape.
- the truncated cone may be rounded on the inflow side. This will achieved when the lateral surface has a convex curvature in sections.
- the curved end face can be designed this is evident when looking at a longitudinal section through the catalytic molded body composed of linear sections, with two adjacent linear sections respectively enclose an angle with each other.
- the inflow-side surface at wound catalytic shaped bodies to be stepped. In this case, then the Enveloping the lateral surface of a concave curvature. Especially good results in the homogeneity distribution of the flow, however, are obtained when the Curvature of the upstream surface is smooth.
- the inflow-side end face with the invention To design curvature.
- downstream surface of the catalytic shaped body curved form. This can be an even finer vote of the Homogeneity profiles can be achieved over the cross section of the catalytic shaped body.
- the catalytic molded body is designed in such a way that the catalytic shaped body is designed as a monolith.
- the catalytic shaped body may be constructed of a catalytically active material. This is possible, for example, by design as a metal catalyst.
- the catalytic molded body is parallel to Traversed longitudinal axis of the catalytic molded body extending channels whose Walls are preferably coated with a catalytically active material.
- a further improvement of the flow profile over the cross section of the catalytic Shaped body can be achieved if a housing for receiving the catalytic Shaped body is provided, with a tubular portion at its ends cone-shaped sections are formed.
- the truncated cone-like sections represent the Transition between the coming of the engine exhaust pipe, which a small Diameter, to the tubular portion of the catalyst housing ago.
- the slope of the truncated cone can be the flow profile over the cross section of the influence catalytic shaped body.
- the cone-shaped sections on the on the upstream side or at the downstream end of the catalyst housing different Have slopes.
- the erfindunshiele catalytic molded body is particularly suitable for the purification of Material flows, in particular exhaust gas streams of internal combustion engines.
- FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section through a catalytic molded body according to the invention 1.
- the catalytic molded body 1 is traversed by exhaust gas in the direction of arrow 2. It has an upstream surface 3, a downstream surface 4 and a Peripheral surface 5 on.
- the catalytic shaped body may be of (not shown) Channels to be traversed, which extend in the direction of the longitudinal axis 6 of the shaped body 1.
- the upstream surface 3 of the catalytic molded body 1 is curved, wherein the line which in longitudinal section between the axis 6 of the shaped body and the Circumferential surface 5 extends, having a concave curvature.
- the catalytic shaped body 1 therefore forms a cone 7 towards the inflow side, whose lateral surface 8 is a concave one Curvature has.
- the cone 7 runs in a tip 9 out. This is exposed to high mechanical loads during operation of the catalyst. It is therefore also possible to form the cone 7 as a truncated cone or the tip of the 9th To round off, to achieve increased mechanical stability.
- This embodiment is shown by the dashed line 15.
- the downstream surface 4 of the catalytic molded body 1 is designed planar in the illustrated embodiment.
- the catalytic molded body may be made of a ceramic material, or also be designed as a metal catalyst.
- the catalytic molded body 1 is in a housing 10, for example made of stainless steel exists, installed.
- the housing 10 comprises a tubular portion 11, whose Inner diameter of the maximum outer diameter of the catalytic molded body. 1 corresponds, so that the inflowing exhaust gas forcibly the catalytic molded body. 1 must flow through.
- each cone-shaped portions 12a, 12b Close at the two ends of the tubular portion 11 each cone-shaped portions 12a, 12b. Through these conical sections 12a, 12b, the expansion or reduction of the diameter of the incoming and outgoing takes place Exhaust pipes 13a, 13b on the diameter of the catalytic molded body 1.
- the slope the cone-shaped portion is chosen to be larger in magnitude on the upstream side than on the downstream side.
- the installation of the catalytic molded body 1 in the housing 10th takes place in the manner that the cone 7 of the catalytic molded body 1 in the cone-shaped portion 12a of the housing 10 protrudes.
- FIG. 2 shows longitudinal sections through different catalytic molded bodies 1, each incorporated in a housing 10. For the sake of simplicity, only the shown upper halves of the catalyst device. The illustration is schematic and does not correspond to a real version on a scale.
- the four illustrated catalytic bodies each have a circular shape Cross-section on. They differ by the design of the upstream or downstream face.
- the catalytic shaped bodies correspond to the Representations 2a to c embodiments of the prior art.
- Figure 2d shows a Embodiment of the catalytic molded body according to the invention.
- FIG. 2e shows a special embodiment of the lateral surface of the catalytic according to the invention Molding.
- FIG. 2 a shows a catalytic molded body whose end faces are located both on the On the inflow side are designed as planar on the downstream side.
- FIG. 2b shows a catalytic shaped body whose upstream surface is conical, wherein the lateral surface of the cone has no curvature. The downstream end surface is planar.
- Figure 2c shows a catalytic shaped body in which both the on the inflow side, as well as the downstream surface is designed as a jacket of a cone. Again, the lateral surface has no curvature.
- Figure 2d corresponds to one Embodiment of the catalytic molded body according to the invention.
- the end face is designed as a lateral surface of a cone, wherein the Lateral surface has a concave curvature in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the catalytic Having molded body.
- a monolithic honeycomb shaped body made of copper-spinel active material was installed in each case in a housing.
- the moldings produced correspond in their longitudinal section to the illustrations in FIGS. 2a to d.
- the maximum diameter of the monoliths was 13.2 cm in each case, the longitudinal extent was 15.2 cm in the embodiment according to FIG. 2a.
- embodiments b to d the longitudinal extent in the constant diameter section of the embodiment of Figure 2a.
- Each of the four monoliths a to d were crossed by the same number of square longitudinal channels of equal lateral dimensions (400 cpsi, 7.2 mils).
- the monoliths were each installed in the same housing and measured in a test apparatus.
- the monolith to be tested was in each case subjected to a gas flow in such a way that resulted in a gas load of 90 000 h -1 .
- Atmospheric air was used as the test gas.
- the temperature of the gas stream was 450 ° C, which corresponds to a value characteristic of exhaust gas temperatures.
- the flow rates were measured on the downstream side.
- the measurement results are shown in FIG.
- the normalized teaching tube velocity (y) is recorded against the radius (x).
- Figure 2e shows schematically an embodiment of the upstream face, as e.g. occurs in wound catalysts.
- the steps 16 are like this formed that the envelope, in longitudinal section through the dashed line 17th is shown having a concave curvature.
- Figure 4 shows schematically cross sections through different housing shapes for catalytic shaped bodies.
- the inflow-side surface according to the invention as a lateral surface of a executed symmetrical cone or truncated cone.
- the longitudinal axis 14 drops the feeding exhaust pipe not with the longitudinal axis 6 of the catalytic shaped body together.
- the inflow-side surface is as a lateral surface of a unbalanced cone or truncated cone according to the teaching of the invention perform.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
Description
Die Querschnittsfläche des katalytischen Formkörpers ist im Allgemeinen größer als die des Rohres, durch das der Abgasstrom vom Motor kommend dem Katalysator zugeführt wird. Durch das Gehäuse, in dem der katalytische Formkörper eingebaut ist, wird der Querschnitt des Abgasstromes am Eingang drastisch aufgeweitet und am Ausgang wieder reduziert. Hierdurch kommt es zu einem lateralen Druckgradienten an der anströmseitigen Stirnfläche des Formkörpers, der in der Größenordnung des Druckverlustes über dem Formkörper liegt und dadurch zu einer radialen Verteilung der Gasgeschwindigkeiten in den kanalartigen Strukturen. Es stellen sich also in den unabhängig durchströmten kanalartigen Strukturen unterschiedliche Strömungsgeschwindigkeit und damit unterschiedliche hydrodynamische Verweilzeiten ein. In der Mitte einer keramischen Wabe in einem Abgaskatalysator für ein Automobil herrschen normalerweise hohe Strömungsgeschwindigkeiten, am Rand strömt das Gas dagegen nur langsam durch die Wabe. Diese ungleichmäßige Verteilung bewirkt Einbußen der Wirksamkeit des Formkörpers bei der katalytischen Reinigung des Abgasstromes. Um eine bessere Reinigungswirkung zu erhalten, ist daher eine gleichmäßigere Anströmung des Formkörpers erwünscht. Um diese Schwierigkeit zu überwinden, sind verschiedene Lösungsvorschläge beschrieben worden.
- Fig. 1
- einen Längsschnitt durch einen erfindungsgemäßen katalytischen Formkörper, der in ein Katalysatorgehäuse eingebaut ist;
- Fig. 2a - e
- einen Längsschnitt durch verschiedene katalytische Formkörper, die jeweils in ein Katalysatorgehäuse eingebaut sind;
- Fig. 3
- ein Diagramm, in dem die Gasgeschwindigkeit im Katalysator gegen den radialen Abstand von der Achse des katalytischen Formkörper für die in den Figuren 2 a - e gezeigten Formen aufgetragen ist;
- Fig. 4
- einen Längsschnitt durch verschiedene gebräuchliche Formen für das Katalysatorgehäuse.
u(r) /
wobei R = Monolithradius
Claims (12)
- Katalytischer Formkörper mit einer anstromseitigen (3) und einer abstromseitigen Fläche (4) sowie einer Umfangsfläche (5), dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die anstromseitige Fläche (3) als Mantelfläche (8) eines kegel- oder kegelstumpfartigen Vorsprungs (7) ausgebildet ist, wobei die Mantelfläche (8) zumindest abschnittsweise eine konkave Krümmung aufweist.
- Katalytischer Formkörper nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Mantelfläche (8) abschnittsweise eine konvexe Krümmung aufweist.
- Katalytischer Formkörper nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Krümmung der anstromseitigen Fläche (3) glatt ist.
- Katalytischer Formkörper nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die abstromseitige Fläche (4) des katalytischen Formkörpers (1) planar ausgebildet ist.
- Katalytischer Formkörper gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die abstromseitige Fläche (4) des katalytischen Formkörpers (1) gekrümmt ausgebildet ist.
- Katalytischer Formkörper nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der katalytische Formkörper (1) als Monolith ausgebildet ist.
- Katalytischer Formkörper nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der katalytische Formkörper (1) aus einer Vielzahl übereinander angeordneter Lagen eines strukturierten flächigen Materials aufgebaut ist.
- Katalytischer Formkörper nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der katalytische Formkörper (1) aus einem katalytisch aktiven Material aufgebaut ist.
- Katalytischer Formkörper nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der katalytische Formkörper (1) von parallel zur Längsachse (6) des katalytischen Formkörpers verlaufenden Kanälen durchzogen ist, deren Wandungen vorzugsweise mit einem katalytisch aktivem Material beschichtet sind.
- Katalytischer Formkörper nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Gehäuse (10) zur Aufnahme des katalytischen Formkörpers vorgesehen ist, mit einem rohrförmigen Abschnitt (11), an dessen Enden konusförmige Abschnitte (12a, b) angeformt sind.
- Katalytischer Formkörper nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Mantelfläche (8) des kegel- oder kegelstumpfartigen Vorsprungs (7) zumindest teilweise innerhalb eines der konusförmigen Abschnitte (12a, b) des Gehäuses (10) angeordnet ist.
- Verwendung eines katalytischen Formkörpers gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11 zur Reinigung von Stoffströmen, insbesondere Abgasströmen von Verbrennungsmotoren.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19949568 | 1999-10-14 | ||
DE19949568A DE19949568A1 (de) | 1999-10-14 | 1999-10-14 | Hydrodynamisch optimierter katalytischer Formkörper |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1092846A2 EP1092846A2 (de) | 2001-04-18 |
EP1092846A3 EP1092846A3 (de) | 2003-06-25 |
EP1092846B1 true EP1092846B1 (de) | 2005-04-06 |
Family
ID=7925652
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP00121383A Expired - Lifetime EP1092846B1 (de) | 1999-10-14 | 2000-10-12 | Hydrodynamisch optimierter katalytischer Formkörper |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1092846B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2001162178A (de) |
AT (1) | ATE292745T1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE19949568A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10021166A1 (de) * | 2000-04-29 | 2001-11-08 | Univ Stuttgart | Katalysator mit optimierter Durchströmung |
US20020076365A1 (en) * | 2000-12-14 | 2002-06-20 | Detroit Diesel Corporation | Emission control catalyst assembly for an engine of a motor vehicle |
FR2876145A1 (fr) * | 2004-10-05 | 2006-04-07 | Renault Sas | Dispositif de depollution de gaz d'echappement, et vehicule automobile equipe d'un tel dispositif |
DE102005042057A1 (de) * | 2005-09-05 | 2007-03-08 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Filterelement mit verbesserter Rußverteilung |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2201881A1 (de) * | 1972-01-15 | 1973-07-19 | Volkswagenwerk Ag | Aus einem stueck bestehender traegerkoerper fuer katalysatoren |
US3910850A (en) * | 1973-12-19 | 1975-10-07 | Grace W R & Co | Contoured monolithic substrate |
DE2364425A1 (de) * | 1973-12-22 | 1975-07-10 | Boysen Friedrich Kg | Katalysator, insbesondere fuer auspuffund entgiftungsanlagen |
DE2428964A1 (de) | 1974-06-15 | 1976-01-02 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Abgasreaktor, insbesondere fuer brennkraftmaschinen |
US3964875A (en) | 1974-12-09 | 1976-06-22 | Corning Glass Works | Swirl exhaust gas flow distribution for catalytic conversion |
JPS62152014U (de) | 1986-03-18 | 1987-09-26 | ||
JP2664118B2 (ja) | 1992-11-20 | 1997-10-15 | 日本碍子株式会社 | 曲りハニカム構造体 |
EP0818613A1 (de) * | 1996-07-08 | 1998-01-14 | Corning Incorporated | Abgasreinigungssystem |
DE19749379A1 (de) | 1997-11-07 | 1999-05-20 | Emitec Emissionstechnologie | Katalysator-Trägerkörper mit verbesserter Wärmeabstrahlung |
-
1999
- 1999-10-14 DE DE19949568A patent/DE19949568A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2000
- 2000-10-12 AT AT00121383T patent/ATE292745T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-10-12 EP EP00121383A patent/EP1092846B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-10-12 DE DE50009972T patent/DE50009972D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-10-13 JP JP2000312998A patent/JP2001162178A/ja not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE50009972D1 (de) | 2005-05-12 |
EP1092846A3 (de) | 2003-06-25 |
JP2001162178A (ja) | 2001-06-19 |
EP1092846A2 (de) | 2001-04-18 |
DE19949568A1 (de) | 2001-04-19 |
ATE292745T1 (de) | 2005-04-15 |
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