Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
  • H04W24/02—Arrangements for optimising operational condition
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
  • H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
  • H04L41/08—Configuration management of networks or network elements
  • H04L41/0803—Configuration setting
  • H04L41/0813—Configuration setting characterised by the conditions triggering a change of settings
  • H04L41/082—Configuration setting characterised by the conditions triggering a change of settings the condition being updates or upgrades of network functionality
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
  • H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
  • H04L41/08—Configuration management of networks or network elements
  • H04L41/085—Retrieval of network configuration; Tracking network configuration history
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
  • H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
  • H04L41/12—Discovery or management of network topologies
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
  • H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
  • H04L41/08—Configuration management of networks or network elements
  • H04L41/0895—Configuration of virtualised networks or elements, e.g. virtualised network function or OpenFlow elements
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
  • H04W88/08—Access point devices
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W92/00—Interfaces specially adapted for wireless communication networks
  • H04W92/04—Interfaces between hierarchically different network devices
  • H04W92/12—Interfaces between hierarchically different network devices between access points and access point controllers

Definitions

• the invention relates to transmission network configuration, especially to an automatically configurable transmission network in the Abis interface of a radio system.
• Modern radio networks are highly complicated systems comprising several different network components, such as base stations, base station controllers, mobile services switching centres, different transmission networks and cross-connection devices.
• network components such as base stations, base station controllers, mobile services switching centres, different transmission networks and cross-connection devices.
• base stations such as base stations, base station controllers, mobile services switching centres, different transmission networks and cross-connection devices.
• networks extend or the need for capacity increases, building radio networks and extending existing networks becomes a demanding and complex procedure that requires a great deal of planning, time and work.
• FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a radio system comprising a base station controller 100, a cross-connection unit 102, three base stations 104 to 108 and a network management system unit 110.
• the base station 100 is connected by telecommunication connections 112 to the cross-connection unit 102 to which, in turn, the base station 104 is directly connected, and to which the base stations 106 to 108 are coupled in series such that information supplied from the base station controller to the base station 108 is transmitted via the base station 106.
• each element has to be manually configured in situ one network element at a time according to pre- calculated parameters and schemes.
• the management connection has to be established manually.
• information between the network elements is typically transmitted in frames comprising a plurality of time slots.
• a connection between a base station and a base station controller is called an Abis interface.
• the connection is a frame connection and comprises 32 time slots transmitting traffic at a 64 kbit/s transmission rate, the total capacity thus being 2 Mbit/s.
• Figure 2 illustrates an Abis interface.
• Each connection between a base station and a base station controller takes up some time slots from said frame. The number of time slots per base station varies depending on the size of the base station and the capacity of the traffic channel.
• the telecommunication connections between a base station and a base station controller must be designed and configured in detail at gate, time slot and partial time slot levels.
• settings must be fixed by installation personnel in order to enable a management connection to the base station controller to be established, whereupon settings for a new base station can also be fixed from the management unit either manually or by software.
• to add a new element is a time-consuming and demanding procedure also susceptible to errors.
• the base station installation personnel In order to test a new base station and the telecommunication connections allocated thereto, the base station installation personnel must communicate with the network management personnel. This requires detailed task coordination between the management personnel and the installation personnel so as to avoid unnecessary waiting times.
• the present invention seeks to provide an improved method of automatically configuring a transmission network. According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for configuring cross- connections of a radio system as specified in claim 1. According to an aspect of the present invention there is provided a radio system as specified in claim 4. The preferred embodiments of the invention are disclosed in the dependent claims.
• the invention provides several advantages.
• the amount of necessary manual work decreases significantly. Automation enables potential errors and, consequently, costs to be reduced.
• Network element installation requires no special and expensive training since automation also reduces the amount of necessary work on the installation site.
• Figure 1 illustrates an example of a radio system
• FIG. 1 illustrates an Abis interface
• Figure 3 shows an example of the radio system
• Figure 4 illustrates an example of an interface between a base station controller and a network element
• Figure 5 is a flow diagram illustrating procedures necessary for building or extending the radio system
• Figure 6 illustrates an example of the structure of the base station controller, cross-connection unit and base station of the radio system
• Figures 7A and 7B illustrate examples of transmission topologies.
• the invention will be described in the following mainly using a GSM- type cellular radio system as an example without, however, being restricted thereto in any way. It will be obvious to those skilled in the art that the solution of the invention can be applied to any digital data transmission system wherein data transmission connections between the network elements are implemented using a time-divisional frame structure.
• Figure 3 illustrates an example of a radio system comprising a network management system NMS 300 to enable the operation and operating parameters of the network to be controlled and monitored.
• the system further comprises a base station controller 302 controlling the operation of base stations located in its area.
• first cross-connection unit 308 is connected to an output gate 304 of the base station controller
• second cross-connection unit 312 is connected to the output gate 304 of the base station controller by means of a gate 322 and a second telecommunication connection 310.
• a base station 316 and third cross-connection unit 318 are connected to a telecommunications gate 314 of the first cross-connection unit by means of a gate 320.
• a base station 324 is connected to the gate 320 of the third cross-connection unit 318, and a base station 326 is coupled in series with the base station 324.
• a base station 328 is also connected to the gate 320 of the third cross-connection unit 318.
• Fourth cross-connection unit 330 and a base station 336 are connected to the gate 322 of the second cross- connection unit 312 by means of a gate 332.
• a base station 334 is connected to the fourth cross-connection unit gate 332.
• the system further comprises a mobile services switching centre 340 controlling the operation of the network and transmitting calls to the other parts of the network and to other telecommunication networks, such as a public network.
• Telecommunication connections between the system devices, such as the connections 306, 310 or 338 can be implemented in ways known to those skilled in the art, for example by means of cabling or micro wave radios.
• the radio system is configured in step 502.
• the radio system scheme is fed into the network management system 300, which creates network objects for the base station controller, i.e. determines the network elements.
• transmission groups are created; in frames that are used for communication with the network elements by the base station controller, unused consecutive time slots of the frames are divided into one or more groups. These groups can be called transmission groups.
• the base station controller automatically creates one time slot for each group, the time slot being used as a communication control channel as regards time slot allocation from said group. In this step, free time slots are not allocated for the use of any particular network element.
• the mobile services switching centre 340 can be configured for new network elements.
• Unused-time-slot groups are transmitted as whole groups in the frames and forwarded in the network from the output gate 304 of the base station controller to network elements to which the base stations can be connected, i.e. typically to cross-connection units.
• the time slot groups can be transmitted to the equipment 308 (and to the gate 314 thereof) and the equipment 330 (and to the gate 332 thereof).
• the transmission can be performed by software, for example by means of the network management system, if the transmission line 306 is suited for the transmission, or manually at the cross-connection unit. Let us assume in this example that the transmission line 306 and the first cross-connection unit 308 support the remote setting performed by software.
• the second cross-connection unit 312 is not capable of processing time slots as whole groups in the frames.
• Such a situation occurs for example when the system is old, comprising old equipment lacking necessary logic and data processing capacity.
• This equipment and the more intelligent cross-connection unit immediately behind the equipment must then be processed manually.
• the connection from the base station controller passes to the gate 332 in the cross-connection unit 330, and the settings are manually fixed at the cross-connection unit 330.
• the groups are transmitted as a whole from one gate to another, but the absolute group disposition in a frame may vary. This is illustrated by way of example in Figure 4.
• FIG. 4 shows a frame 400 in the output gate 304 of the base station controller 304, a frame 401 in the gate 314 of the first cross-connection unit 308, and a frame 402 in the gate 332 of the fourth cross-connection unit 330.
• Each frame thus comprises 32 time slots.
• the transmission capacity of each time slot is 64 kbit/s.
• the total transmission capacity of a frame is thus 2 Mbit/s.
• a first time slot 403 is used for transmitting link management information.
• next time slots 404 are allocated to another purpose.
• Next time slots 406 comprise a first group of free time slots.
• One of the time slots in the group, preferably a last time slot 408, is used as a communication control channel of the group as regards time slot allocation from said group.
• Next time slots 410 of the frame 400 are, again, allocated for other connections.
• Next time slots 412 comprise a second group of free time slots. Again, one of the time slots of the group, preferably a last time slot 414, is used as a communication control channel of the group as regards time slot allocation.
• the first free-time-slot group 406 is transmitted from the output gate 304 of the base station controller 304 to the gate 314 of the first cross- connection unit 308.
• a first time slot 415 of the frame 401 in the gate 314 is used for transmitting link management information.
• Next time slots 416 comprise the first free-time-slot group.
• a last time slot 418 of the group serves as the communication control channel. The time slot disposition of the group in the frame can thus vary in different gates.
• the second free-time-slot group 412 is transmitted from the output gate 304 of the base station controller 304 to the gate 332 of the fourth cross- connection unit 330.
• a first time slot 420 of the frame 402 in the gate 332 is used for transmitting link management information.
• Next time slots 422 comprise the first free-time-slot group.
• a last time slot 424 of the group serves as the communication control channel.
• free-time-slot group division shown here is only a simplified example.
• new network elements are installed in the radio system and connected to the existing transmission network in step 506 of Figure 5.
• a base station to be installed in the system is directly connected to a cross- connection unit not supporting time slot processing in groups, such as the cross-connection unit 312 in the example of Figure 4 to whose gate 322 the base station 336 is connected, the cross-connection unit gate must be manually activated in order for the base station 336 to receive a 2Mbit/s frame over a transmission line 338.
• network elements to be installed are physically connected to the system by means of telecommunication connections. If necessary, the required telecommunication connections must be built.
• network element identification information is fed into the network element to identify each base station controlled by the base station controller.
• connections are established between the new network elements and the base station controller in step 508 of Figure 5. Connections are established automatically without the network element installer being compelled to perform other procedures than switching on the element installed. After being physically installed, the new network element is arranged to search the frames received by means of the telecommunication connections for group communication control channels and to identify free groups by means of the communication control channels found, as is described in the PCT Patent Application PCT/FI99/00351.
• connection establishment continues controlled by the base station controller.
• the base station allocates a necessary number of time slots from the free-time-slot group indicated by the communication control channel for the communication of the network element and the base station controller and transmits information about this to the network element.
• the time slots are marked as allocated at both ends of the connection and also at the cross-connection unit possibly located on the transmission path.
• step 510 wherein the network element is configured.
• the configuration is continued controlled by the base station controller. If necessary, the base station controller downloads software into the network element. The base station controller also downloads necessary radio network parameters into the network element.
• the base station controller tests the operation of the network element hardware and the allocated time slots.
• step 512 the network element configuration is documented. If the network element passes the tests conducted by the base station controller, the element installer is notified of this. The base station controller informs the network management system of the new network element and the time slots allocated thereto. The network element is now ready to be used.
• the base station controller 302 comprises a control unit.
• the base station controller further comprises transmission equipment 602 by means of which it is connected 604 to the cross-connection unit 308.
• the cross-connection unit 308 typically comprises a control unit 606 and transmission equipment 608 by means of which it is connected 610 to the base station 316.
• the base station 316 typically comprises transmission equipment 612, a control unit 614 and radio frequency parts 616 by means of which a desired signal is transmitted to mobile telephones via an antenna 618.
• the control units 600, 606 and 614 are typically implemented by means of general processors, signal processors or memory elements.
• Procedures required by the method of the invention in the base stations and the base station controller can preferably be performed by software using commands stored in control processors.
• the base station controllers, cross-connection unit and base stations of the radio system naturally also comprise other components than the ones shown in Figure 6, as is obvious to those skilled in the art, but being irrelevant to the explanation they are not shown in Figure 6.
• Figures 7A and 7B illustrate further examples of transmission topologies.
• the system comprises the base station controller 302 connected to a base station 700, connected, in turn, to a base station 702 and cross-connection unit 704.
• the cross-connection unit 704 is connected to base stations 706 and 708.
• the system comprises the base station controller 302 connected to a cross-connection unit 710.
• the cross-connection unit 710 is connected to a second cross-connection unit 712, and the second cross- connection unit 710 is connected to a base station 714.
• the figure also illustrates a loop connection 718 which ensures the maintenance of the connection between the network elements and the base station controller.
• a network element comprises usually ASICs (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) for performing the operations that need to be very fast, and then software for controlling the ASICs.
• the software residing in the network element can be divided into the application SW and management SW, for example.
• Application SW is software performing tasks in order to achieve some needed functionality.
• the management SW is kind of an interface of the network element towards the management system, either the central network management system or a local element management software.
• Element management software is usually software that resides on a portable computer that can be plugged into a communication port of the network element.
• the management SW can also offer some required functionality.
• Transmission network topology is automatically uploaded into the network management system 300, where the topology is presented, monitored or maintained.
• the transmission network topology is understood as a set of logical or physical connections 310, 338 between transmission network routing elements or interconnection points 312 which describe the logical operation and routes to a specific network element 336.
• a transmission network which is under construction or modification faces continuous modifications regarding the cross-connect circuit routing, circuit status and logical circuit end-to-end configuration.
• the network management system 300 which monitors and controls the transmission network should be up-to date in every situation. Due to the delays, missing links or circuits in the network, the network management system 300 faces a non-coherent situation during the buildup phase. To prevent information loss or blocking of interfaces of the network management system 300, uploading is performed automatically.
• the physical topology of network elements i.e. which elements are connected to which and which PCM ports are connected to which, is usually entered into the database of the network management system 300 by hand. Even if the uploading of cross-connection settings from the network elements 308, 312, 318, 330 is automated, the information is meaningless on network level, if there is a mistake in the physical port connections, or if the connections are reported incorrectly by the installation personnel.
• the transmission network cross-connection units 308, 312, 318, 330 contain intelligence to perform the automatic configuration for the circuit banks and cross-connection unit described above.
• the cross- connection units also have other active applications performing different tasks and they reserve, modify or update the status of that particular transmission unit.
• each transmission unit As the application software located in each transmission unit is finishing it tasks, it will indicate to the management software of the transmission unit that it tasks are completed, mark the circuit label as changed, inform other applications, and give intermediate status of each cross-connect circuit, as they have changed.
• the indication is performed by sending an automatic configuration change notification.
• This information is automatically maintained, stored and checked in the particular network element only, and each network element is the main information source to the network management system 300.
• the configuration data is stored in the nonvolatile memory of the unit, and thus the central network management system 300 can update it's topology information and cross-connect status in each element to the most coherent information.
• the method to perform said change configuration is based on the naming convention of the transmission circuit described below, i.e. a method for configuring cross-connections in a transmission network.
• This method enables the use of a circuit class-mark such as priority, label, and application which created the circuit.
• the main idea is thus to mark the circuit in the management software of the transmission unit as "changed” or "archived” or in another predefined way, and to submit this information to all applications executing in the network element. This then triggers the status update process which transfers the changed circuit information to the central transmission network management system 300.
• the network management system 300 When the network management system 300, or whatever central system is used to store the network topology information, uploads circuits, regardless of whether this concerns all the circuits or only a portion of the circuits, it marks them as having been read. This is done by removing the changed flag associated with each circuit. When another client, such as a local management tool or an auto-configuration process, reads the changes, the changed flag is not cleared. Only the central network management system 300 can clear the flags. This way, the network management system 300 always has the latest information at all times. If this were not the case, a local reading of the circuit information would result in a loss of information for the network management system 300.
• the method described above serves to ensure an accurate uploading of circuits within the network elements, but does not ensure that the physical topology information in the network management system 300 is correct.
• a cross-connection unit has a communication link with an other cross-connection unit through the physical ports of each equipment.
• the processors communicate with each other through every port, sharing identification information and port information.
• each network element can associate each of its own ports with the name and connection port of its neighbors.
• the network management system 300 can upload this port-specific connection information. With this information, the network management system 300 can automatically place the new network elements in their correct physical locations, and can be certain of the actual connections in the network at a physical level.
• the benefits gained from this type of distributed configuration change monitoring method is that blocking or overloading of the controlling links between the network element and the network management system 300 is minimized and response time in delivering the correct change information to applications requiring this information in their operation is optimized. Further, the total time in performing end-to-end management is reduced, which makes automatic updating of the system data possible. This means that the topology of the transmission network is updated rapidly and automatically allowing the network build-up time, integration and commissioning time to be reduced to a fraction of the present situation where there are no automatic mechanisms for topology or configuration monitoring.
• a method for configuring the cross-connections in the transmission network is presented.
• a physical and application-independent solution is described for delivering information about transmission circuits and cross-connections in telecommunications or data networks where the transmission media is transparent to the applications.
• the invention concentrates on circuit bank level or transmission media end-terminal level, where the identification of each circuit, its type and usage, as well as the connection type and destination are configured and maintained. This enables the transmission equipment and management systems to keep track of the current configuration in such networks.
• a transmission network consists of physical media carrying the payload traffic, interconnection points or cross-connect points to switch the payload traffic to a desired destination and corresponding cross-tables within a circuit bank.
• a circuit based approach to the presentation and configuration of cross-connections is derived.
• Table 1 presents a port of a circuit bank.
• the capacity available in the port 314, 320, 322, 332 has been divided between different applications. From the point of view of traffic routing, this reserving of capacity for different purposes happens in the same way for all applications.
• Class-marks are allocated for the individual circuit banks: application type, priority and label. Every circuit belonging to a certain application belongs to the same circuit class. Each time capacity is reserved for a certain application, a label must be given to the circuit to be formed. This label can later be used to refer to the circuit. Note that in the case of auto- configuration what we have is not really a circuit since the other end of the circuit is initially nothing. The capacity has to be reserved for auto- configuration to work.
• a priority is assigned to each circuit class.
• Priority means the user access or application level needed to change the circuit. There are four levels of priority, 1 being the highest. In order of diminishing priority they are control, payload, auto-configuration and read-only.
• the picture presents circuit classes, their priority and the circuit labels assigned to them.
• the class-marks are applied to each network element, circuit bank and cross-connect unit automatically.
• BSC is the network element controller
• EM the local network element management tool
• NSM is the network management system. They operate on different priority levels as presented in Table 2.
• the applications which use the circuit bank, scan the marked circuits and cross-connections.
• the applications are active or passive software executing in the base station controller 302, the transmission unit of the base station 336, the transmission unit of the cross-connection unit 312, the transmission card of a micro-cellular base station configured with the BCF (Base Control Function) and TRX (Transceiver) functions, the network element controlled by the network management system 300, or the user-controlled local management software.
• the applications check the status of the circuit by reading the labels, interconnection information and circuit configuration. This enables the execution of the following configuration activities:
• circuit bank information update is achieved on application level or even on cross-connect level when the established connections are labeled according to their end usage, creating application or management system.
• This method can be implemented in the transmission bus structures, in a manufacturer-specific Q1 E structure or in any equipment delivering multiple time-slot circuit banks in different transmission media including ITU (International Telecommunications Union) specified E1 , T1 links, ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network), HDSL (High-Speed Digital Subscriber Line) or ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) type transmission systems.
• ITU International Telecommunications Union
• E1 Integrated Services Digital Network
• HDSL High-Speed Digital Subscriber Line
• ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode
• Circuit-level transmission network optimization is a complex task to produce a smoothly packed and non- scattered transmission circuit bank. Optimization is needed for removing idle time-slots from the circuit bank in order to allow the largest possible capacity to fit into the transmission network's channel, which can represent e.g. a 2 Mbit/s or 1.5 Mbit s E1/T1 channel, HDSL, ATM, ISDN or any other time-division transmission media channel type.
• Another reason for transmission network optimization is to pack the payload traffic into several different transmission channels and thus gain a better cost optimization per transferred byte. To enable this packing type we need to automate the circuit bank optimization also on a higher network level.
• the information about the fragmentation of the transmission link 306, 310, 338 is obtained by letting the automatic optimization application software to analyze the logical circuit connection through a mechanism which is described above as a method for uploading a transmission network topology.
• the current method describes the mechanism which enables the usage of the capabilities of the local network element to report both its logical configuration on cross-connect level within a circuit bank and also the physical connection through a mechanism that reports to the management system the physical port-to-port connection from the incoming and outgoing ports of the network element. This is the basis for this method for automating the optimization process. First the planning of the transmission and radio network is done.
• a transparent transmission network between the network element and the base station controller 302 or a transport network is formed automatically by allocating transmission capacity to the network elements.
• the optimization is needed after a certain allocation method is used to assign time slots of the transmission network transport connections for the payload traffic. Fragmentation could take place as new allocation is added.
• the method could be either manual or automatic allocation done while the network is being implemented or modified.
• the transmission connections are referred to as time slots in well known 2 Mbit/s or any other time-slot- based transportation method.
• An automatic optimization algorithm which analyses the fragmentation of a circuit bank's logical configuration, uses the labeling and application-based naming of physical transmission circuits described in the above method for configuring cross-connections in a transmission network.
• the naming and circuit connection configuration reports are stored either in the management unit of the local network element or in the nearest network level network element which stores its sub-circuit topology and physical connections on port level.
• the circuits are always connected in such a way as to minimize fragmentation by default. This can be done by always connecting the circuit beginning at the first free time slot, which leaves as big a free portion of the entire capacity as possible.
• This autonomous mode of optimization is enabled by the processor-to-processor communication connection across the transmission medium, as described in the PCT Patent Application PCT/FI99/00353.
• the current method is not limited to using the described method in any particular transmission media.
• Table 3 two examples of optimized capacity usage in one base station are presented: first the transceiver TRX1 receives the required transmission capacity (expressed in time slots TS) via the first 2 Mbit/s transmission line, and the second transceiver TRX2 receives the required capacity via the second 2 Mbit/s transmission line.
• TRX1 29 TCH1/1-2 TCH2/3-4 TCH3/5-6 TCH4/7-8
• TRX2 1 TCH1/1-2 TCH2/3-4 TCH3/5-6 TCH4/7-8

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