EP1084517A1 - Procede de production d'une electrode et electrode destinee a une pile a combustible - Google Patents

Procede de production d'une electrode et electrode destinee a une pile a combustible

Info

Publication number
EP1084517A1
EP1084517A1 EP99922144A EP99922144A EP1084517A1 EP 1084517 A1 EP1084517 A1 EP 1084517A1 EP 99922144 A EP99922144 A EP 99922144A EP 99922144 A EP99922144 A EP 99922144A EP 1084517 A1 EP1084517 A1 EP 1084517A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrode
outer layer
fuel cell
organic polymers
thermal treatment
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP99922144A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Rolf BRÜCK
Andrée BERGMANN
Jörg-Roman KONIECZNY
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vitesco Technologies Lohmar Verwaltungs GmbH
Original Assignee
Emitec Gesellschaft fuer Emissionstechnologie mbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Emitec Gesellschaft fuer Emissionstechnologie mbH filed Critical Emitec Gesellschaft fuer Emissionstechnologie mbH
Publication of EP1084517A1 publication Critical patent/EP1084517A1/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
    • H01M4/8878—Treatment steps after deposition of the catalytic active composition or after shaping of the electrode being free-standing body
    • H01M4/8882—Heat treatment, e.g. drying, baking
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
    • H01M4/8878—Treatment steps after deposition of the catalytic active composition or after shaping of the electrode being free-standing body
    • H01M4/8882—Heat treatment, e.g. drying, baking
    • H01M4/8885—Sintering or firing
    • H01M4/8889—Cosintering or cofiring of a catalytic active layer with another type of layer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/96—Carbon-based electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0082—Organic polymers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
    • H01M4/8803—Supports for the deposition of the catalytic active composition
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49108—Electric battery cell making

Definitions

  • the subject matter of the invention relates to a method for producing an electrode and to an electrode for a fuel cell, in particular for a low-temperature fuel cell.
  • Fuel cells or fuel cell systems are becoming increasingly important as they are used as an energy source for driving a
  • fuel cells are also used for stationary energy supply, in particular for decentralized power supply.
  • PEM fuel cells are fuel cells in which the electrolyte is formed by a proton-conducting membrane (proton exchange membrane).
  • the proton-conducting electrolyte membrane is a polymer film a few tenths of a millimeter thick. It is known that the proton-conducting electrolyte membrane can be coated on both sides with platinum and gas-permeable electrodes. This is known as a membrane electrode assembly (MEA). Graphite electrodes are used as electrodes. The handling of such configurations is relatively problematic because the proton-conducting - 2nd
  • the electrolyte membrane is very thin, which can have the consequence that if the connection between the gas-permeable electrodes or platinum and the electrolyte membrane is not sufficiently stable, the platinum or gas-permeable electrodes split off from the electrolyte membrane.
  • Electrodes are also known which are formed by graphite bodies. These graphite bodies are porous. They are brought into contact with the electrolyte.
  • the present invention is based on the object of specifying a method for producing an electrode for a fuel cell which is relatively simple to carry out and specifying an electrode which is simple to produce.
  • a blank containing organic polymers be subjected to a thermal treatment, so that the organic polymers are at least partially converted to conductor polymers.
  • This process procedure produces an electrode which, on the one hand, has an electrically conductive layer which can be brought into contact with an electrolyte.
  • the blank can contain organic polymers in whole or in part. In the case of a blank which only partially has the organic polymers, these are preferably contained in an outer layer, so that after a thermal - 3rd
  • Treatment in particular a pyrotechnic treatment, only the outer layer of the electrode has electrically conductive properties.
  • the mechanical properties of the electrode are determined by the other components of the electrode, which are preferably not changed or only to a small extent by the thermal treatment.
  • the organic polymers are at least partially converted into graphite-like structures by the thermal treatment.
  • This configuration has the advantage that a carbon-containing outer layer is created.
  • the organic polymers are formed by polyacrylonitrile (PAN) or cellulose acetate or a mixture thereof.
  • the polyacrylonitrile or cellulose acetate or their mixture is preferably first stabilized during the thermal treatment, as a result of which the polyacrylonitrile, the cellulose acetate or their mixtures are converted into an infusible form. Then takes place at elevated temperature, i.e. H. at a temperature of preferably between 1200 and 1500 ° C, carbonization with elimination of volatile products. The carbonization is preferably carried out in a nitrogen atmosphere. This is followed by graphitization of the polyacrylonitrile or the cellulose acetate, at a temperature between 2,000 and 3,000 ° C.
  • At least the graphitization is preferably carried out under vacuum.
  • at least the graphitization can take place in a protective gas atmosphere.
  • the protective gas atmosphere preferably contains nitrogen or argon.
  • an at least partially porous blank be subjected to a thermal treatment - 4th
  • the porosity of the blank is preserved during the thermal treatment. Even after the conductor polymers have been formed, the electrode has a porosity. The porosity is sufficient to ensure that a fuel gas, in particular hydrogen or methanol, or an oxidant, in particular oxygen, reaches the electrolyte.
  • an at least two-layer blank is first provided, an outer layer of the blank being organic polymers which convert at least partially to conductor polymers, and one of the Has outer layer adjacent electrically conductive layer.
  • the electrically conductive layer ensures a current flow from the outer layer to a connection.
  • the electrically conductive layer also reduces the ohmic losses of the electrode, which also makes it possible to increase the efficiency of the fuel cell.
  • the organic polymers are converted into conductor polymers in an outer layer.
  • an electrode for a fuel cell in particular for a low-temperature fuel cell, is proposed which has an electrically conductive layer which is formed by thermal conversion of organic polymers to conductor polymers.
  • the electrode can also be completely electrically conductive.
  • At least some of the outer layer preferably has a graphite-like structure.
  • the electrically conductive polymers are preferably formed by thermal treatment of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) or cellulose acetate or a mixture thereof. - 5 -
  • the electrode it is proposed that it be at least partially porous.
  • the electrode have an outer layer containing conductor polymers and an electrically conductive layer adjacent to the outer layer.
  • Fig. 1 in section a first embodiment of an electrode
  • Fig. 2 shows a second embodiment of an electrode.
  • the low-temperature fuel cell is preferably a fuel cell with a proton-conducting electrolyte.
  • the electrode 1 comprises a porous electrode body 4. Pores 3 are formed in the porous electrode body 4.
  • the electrode body 4 has an outer layer 2 which is formed by conductor polymers, in particular with a graphite-like structure.
  • the outer layer 2 is also porous.
  • the electrode 1 is designed so that it is gas-permeable to a fuel or an oxidant.
  • the outer layer 2 can be brought into contact with an electrolyte, not shown.
  • the arrow in FIG. 1 indicates the feed direction of a fuel or an oxidant.
  • the electrode 1 shown in FIG. 1 is formed by thermal treatment of a blank containing organic polymers, the organic polymers at least partially converting to lead polymers during the thermal treatment.
  • the electrode 1 has an electrode body 4 which is porous.
  • the pores of the porous electrode body 4 are designated by the reference number 3.
  • the electrode 1, as shown in FIG. 2, has a multilayer structure.
  • the electrode 1 has an outer layer 2, which is formed by Leite ⁇ olymers.
  • the lead polymers preferably have a graphite-like structure.
  • a layer 5, which is an electrically conductive layer, is connected to the outer layer 2. You, d. H. the layer 5 is in electrical connection with the outer layer 2.
  • the layer 5 can also be formed by individual bus conductors which extend to an electrical connection 7.
  • An insulating layer 6 is formed on the layer 5. The insulating layer 6 is intended to achieve electrical insulation of the layer 5 or the outer layer 2 from the surroundings.
  • the formation of the insulating layer 6 has the advantage that with an arrangement of fuel cells so that the electrodes of adjacent fuel cells touch, in particular when the fuel cells are stacked, the electrodes of adjacent fuel cells can be electrically separated from one another.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Inert Electrodes (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

Afin de produire une électrode pour pile à combustible, notamment pour une pile à combustible basse température, il est prévu de soumettre une ébauche contenant des polymères organiques à un traitement thermique, de manière que les polymères organiques se transforment au moins en partie en polymères conducteurs, en particulier avec une structure de type graphite.
EP99922144A 1998-04-30 1999-04-29 Procede de production d'une electrode et electrode destinee a une pile a combustible Ceased EP1084517A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19819331A DE19819331A1 (de) 1998-04-30 1998-04-30 Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Elektrode sowie eine Elektrode für eine Brennstoffzelle
DE19819331 1998-04-30
PCT/EP1999/002919 WO1999057772A1 (fr) 1998-04-30 1999-04-29 Procede de production d'une electrode et electrode destinee a une pile a combustible

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1084517A1 true EP1084517A1 (fr) 2001-03-21

Family

ID=7866289

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP99922144A Ceased EP1084517A1 (fr) 1998-04-30 1999-04-29 Procede de production d'une electrode et electrode destinee a une pile a combustible

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US6582847B1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1084517A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2002513992A (fr)
DE (1) DE19819331A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1999057772A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19926353A1 (de) * 1999-06-10 2000-12-14 Daimler Chrysler Ag Brennstoffzelle mit Polymerelektrolytmembran
WO2004062020A2 (fr) * 2002-12-27 2004-07-22 Foamex L.P. Couche de diffusion gazeuse contenant de facon intrinseque un polymere conducteur pour piles a combustibles
US7632587B2 (en) 2004-05-04 2009-12-15 Angstrom Power Incorporated Electrochemical cells having current-carrying structures underlying electrochemical reaction layers
US7378176B2 (en) * 2004-05-04 2008-05-27 Angstrom Power Inc. Membranes and electrochemical cells incorporating such membranes
JP2008243491A (ja) * 2007-03-26 2008-10-09 Toshiba Corp 燃料電池
EP2210303B1 (fr) * 2007-09-25 2017-04-05 Intelligent Energy Limited Systèmes de pile à combustible comprenant une chambre de fluide économisant l'espace et procédés associés
JP5535919B2 (ja) * 2007-09-25 2014-07-02 ソシエテ ビック 燃料電池カバー
EP2260528B1 (fr) * 2008-02-29 2016-02-24 Intelligent Energy Limited Cellule électrochimique et membranes associées
JP2013161737A (ja) * 2012-02-08 2013-08-19 Toyota Motor Corp 膜電極接合体、燃料電池セル、および、膜電極接合体の製造方法

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1998039809A1 (fr) * 1997-03-06 1998-09-11 Magnet-Motor Gesellschaft Für Magnetmotorische Technik Mbh Electrode a diffusion gazeuse ayant une capacite de diffusion reduite pour l'eau et cellule electrochimique a membrane electrolytique polymerique

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2108396A1 (de) * 1971-02-22 1972-09-07 Siemens Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung von pulverförmigem Wolframcarbid enthaltendem Elektrodenmaterial
JPS60122711A (ja) * 1983-12-08 1985-07-01 Oji Paper Co Ltd 多孔質炭素板の製造方法
US4832870A (en) * 1988-06-20 1989-05-23 The United States Department Of Energy Electrically conductive composite material
US5236687A (en) * 1989-10-17 1993-08-17 Kureha Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Flat plate-like ribbed porous carbon material

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1998039809A1 (fr) * 1997-03-06 1998-09-11 Magnet-Motor Gesellschaft Für Magnetmotorische Technik Mbh Electrode a diffusion gazeuse ayant une capacite de diffusion reduite pour l'eau et cellule electrochimique a membrane electrolytique polymerique

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of WO9957772A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US6582847B1 (en) 2003-06-24
JP2002513992A (ja) 2002-05-14
WO1999057772A1 (fr) 1999-11-11
DE19819331A1 (de) 1999-11-04

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