EP1080333A1 - Device and method for vacuum-drying - Google Patents

Device and method for vacuum-drying

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Publication number
EP1080333A1
EP1080333A1 EP00910804A EP00910804A EP1080333A1 EP 1080333 A1 EP1080333 A1 EP 1080333A1 EP 00910804 A EP00910804 A EP 00910804A EP 00910804 A EP00910804 A EP 00910804A EP 1080333 A1 EP1080333 A1 EP 1080333A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
chamber
drying
vacuum
gas
stage
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP00910804A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1080333B1 (en
Inventor
Heinz-Bernhard GRÖNINGER
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AMSONIC AG
Original Assignee
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B11/00—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive
    • F26B11/02—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive in moving drums or other mainly-closed receptacles
    • F26B11/04—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive in moving drums or other mainly-closed receptacles rotating about a horizontal or slightly-inclined axis
    • F26B11/049—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive in moving drums or other mainly-closed receptacles rotating about a horizontal or slightly-inclined axis with provisions for working under increased or reduced pressure, with or without heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
    • F26B21/14—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects using gases or vapours other than air or steam, e.g. inert gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B5/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat
    • F26B5/04—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat by evaporation or sublimation of moisture under reduced pressure, e.g. in a vacuum

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device and a method for vacuum drying industrial articles such as mechanical or electronic components, workpieces, etc.
  • the present invention relates to such a device and method that can operate according to a self-controlling principle.
  • Drying processes are known in many variants.
  • Circulating air drying is a technically very simple but energy-intensive process.
  • Other drying processes are, for example, infrared drying, vacuum drying or clothing drying. Depending on the specific application, one or the other method is used in practice.
  • corrosion-sensitive materials such as steel materials are dried, e.g. after treatment or cleaning in an aqueous medium, the drying time should be short to minimize the risk of surface corrosion due to water adhering to it.
  • complicated, angled structures which are difficult to dry or dry, have a disadvantageous effect on the drying time.
  • drying processes can be affected by common environmental conditions, e.g.
  • drying is achieved by an upstream convection heater in a hot aqueous bath. It is also known to support the actual drying by an upstream nitrogen blow-off.
  • EP-A-0 539 607 describes a device in which the article to be dried is preheated by means of hot air and then dried in vacuo. In order to be able to increase the throughput even with longer drying times, several vacuum chambers can be connected in parallel.
  • DE 30 39 923 describes a device for the generation and maintenance of a residual gas atmosphere in the vacuum area which is largely free of interfering gases and which contains a vacuum chamber, the vacuum chamber being connected to an adsorption trap and the residual gas being withdrawn from the vacuum chamber and circulating via the Adsorption trap is returned to the chamber. Vacuum drying of the type described above is not provided, however.
  • a device for vacuum drying which contains an airtight sealable vacuum chamber, a heating device, openings for introducing and discharging gaseous substances and a gas supply line, the device being connectable to a vacuum pump and the heating device being arranged within the vacuum chamber.
  • the present invention further relates to a multi-stage process for drying, the article to be dried being heated in the vacuum chamber in a first stage by means of convection heat and simultaneously pre-dried, then vacuum applied in a second stage and a gaseous substance being passed through the chamber in a third stage becomes.
  • the multi-stage drying method according to the invention is carried out under program control via the measurement and determination of control variables.
  • the course and duration of the individual stages are controlled by measuring relevant control variables and comparing the measured control variables with specified target values.
  • the present invention is also extremely suitable for drying bulk goods.
  • a container for receiving the bulk material to be dried can be provided within the vacuum chamber.
  • the container can be provided with a drive which sets the container in motion and thus also the bulk material in the container, which promotes drying.
  • the container is preferably designed as a drum.
  • Figure 1 schematically shows a longitudinal section through a preferred
  • FIG. 2 shows the configuration of a device according to the invention for drying bulk goods.
  • FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section through a device for vacuum drying preferred according to the invention, the essential components of which are a chamber 1 for receiving the article or articles to be dried, a closure le for airtight sealing of the chamber 1, a heating device 2, 3, openings 4, 5 for introducing and discharging a gaseous substance, a gas feed line 6 and a connection 7 for a vacuum pump 9.
  • the heating device is used to generate convection heat and can preferably consist of one or more radiant heaters.
  • the preferred device shown in FIG. 1 has, for example, two opposite radiant heaters 2, 3.
  • Other heating devices for generating convection heat are also conceivable.
  • an external heating device can be provided.
  • the gaseous substance supplied via the opening 4, such as circulating air can be heated via a heating device connected upstream of this opening 4, and the heating of the article or articles to be tumbled in the chamber 1 takes place via the externally heated gaseous substance.
  • the chamber 1 has openings 4, 5 for introducing and discharging gaseous substances, preferably air, for generating circulating air.
  • the openings are made so that an optimal flow through the chamber or flow around the article or articles is achieved. For example, they can be provided offset in height in opposite wall sides as in the example shown in FIG. 1, reference numeral 4 denoting the opening for introduction and reference numeral 5 denoting the opening for draining.
  • a plurality of supply openings and / or discharge openings can also be provided.
  • the feed line and the discharge line can be connected to one another.
  • valves, reusable taps or the like can be used to regulate the gas supply and discharge, e.g. in Figure 1, the valves 12, 13 may be provided.
  • Throttle valves 14, 15 For the supply of fresh air or removal of moisture-laden recirculating air, appropriate devices such as e.g. Throttle valves 14, 15 may be provided.
  • these devices can work in a controlled manner via measuring points.
  • the air preferably passes through a filter device (not shown) before being introduced into the chamber in order to remove impurities such as dust particles etc. and to avoid contamination of the chamber.
  • a heating device and / or a drying device can also be provided outside the chamber 1 in the duct system for the circulating air, in order to preheat the air before it is introduced into the chamber and / or to reduce its moisture content.
  • a condenser for drying the moisture-laden circulating air, which leaves the chamber 1 via the opening 5 can be provided in the circulating air duct system.
  • the throttle valves 14, 15 can be dispensed with.
  • the capacitor is preferably located on the output side in the line system.
  • any gas such as ambient air, an inert gas or mixtures thereof can be used for circulating air drying.
  • Ambient air is preferably used.
  • the chamber 1 can be connected to a vacuum pump 9.
  • the chamber is connected to the vacuum pump 9 via lines 22a and 7, the line 22a being connected to measuring points 23 and 24 at the same time.
  • access to line 22a is controllable via a valve 16, the vacuum pump 9 being a controllable valve 17, e.g. a butterfly valve, can be upstream.
  • the device according to the invention also has a gas feed line 6, via which any other gas, preferably an inert gas, can be fed. Via the gas supply line 6, e.g. gas is fed in for the third stage.
  • any other gas preferably an inert gas
  • the gas feed line 6 can be connected to reservoirs 8 for different gases, so that, depending on the application, the type of gas fed in can be changed or a mixture of any composition can be introduced.
  • valves, multi-way valves or the like can be provided in the gas supply line 6 itself or in the supply lines to the individual reservoirs.
  • So-called flow controllers are preferred for this purpose, which allow a regulated gas supply.
  • An inert gas such as nitrogen or argon or mixtures thereof is preferably added for the third stage in order to prevent corrosion. Depending on the application, air or oxygen etc. can also be introduced.
  • a heating device can be provided to preheat the gas and / or, if necessary, a drying device can be provided to promote drying.
  • the device according to the invention can be equipped with suitable further devices as required, e.g. with ventilation 18, cooling 19 and / or a drain line 30 which e.g. can be switched on via valves 31, 32 and 33.
  • suitable further devices e.g. with ventilation 18, cooling 19 and / or a drain line 30 which e.g. can be switched on via valves 31, 32 and 33.
  • FIG. 2 shows a section of a device according to the invention as shown in FIG. 1, a container - here a drum 40 - being arranged in the vacuum chamber.
  • This configuration is particularly suitable for drying bulk material, the container or drum 40 being used to hold the bulk material.
  • the drum 40 is rotated or rotated via a drive 41, the bulk material therein being freed of moisture efficiently and quickly.
  • heat is applied to the article or articles to be dried with convection heat in a first stage.
  • This is preferably done by means of an energy-intensive but short radiant heat supported by circulating air drying by means of the heating device 2, 3 and / or an external heating device for heating the circulating air. air before entering chamber 1.
  • the article absorbs thermal energy to counteract icing when a vacuum is applied.
  • pre-drying takes place by removing a first large part of the surface moisture.
  • gas is passed through the chamber to promote drying (third stage).
  • an inert gas is preferably used in order to simultaneously generate a protective atmosphere.
  • the vacuum or a desired pressure can be maintained via appropriate regulation of the necessary control variables.
  • the vacuum drying method according to the invention is preferably carried out independently or program-controlled on the basis of control variables.
  • control variables are selected for the individual procedural measures such as heat application, pressure reduction and gas introduction, and the course of drying in the individual stages is monitored and controlled by determining the actual values of the respectively selected control variables and comparing them with predetermined target values.
  • the actual values of the individual control variables can be measured via measuring points or probes 23, 24, 25, which can be installed in the chamber 1 itself or connected to it, the measuring points or probes in turn being connected to control devices.
  • 1 shows temperature sensors 20, 21, which are provided in the chamber, and outside the chamber, lines 22 a, b, c, which connect the chamber with measuring devices and control devices for the individual control variables such as the pressure, the moisture content, and the temperature etc. connects.
  • One or more measuring probes 25 for the moisture content of the air can also be provided in the line system for the circulating air.
  • control variables and / or the duration of the individual stages can be changed, so that a uniformly optimal drying result can be achieved even for articles of complicated construction and difficult to dry.
  • Control variables can be the heat, the humidity, the temperature, the position of the
  • Valve flaps the frequency of the fans and the pump output
  • Gas or inert gas supply the amount of gas supplied, the pressure, the temperature, the valve position and the moisture measurement, control of the flow controller.
  • control parameters or in other words, the recording and fulfillment of all important parameters, determine the optimal termination of the respective drying step over the entire process. Even difficult to access areas can be dried quickly and efficiently using this system.
  • Parameters to be set preferably are such that drying takes place at a temperature in a range from 50 ° C. to 150 ° C.
  • Preferred gases are nitrogen or argon.
  • the preferred flow rate (flow rate) can be from 0 to 50,000 sccm with a chamber volume of 1 m 3 , with a vacuum between 10 and 100 mbar.
  • drying takes place in a closed drying system, which prevents contaminants from being carried in from the environment.
  • the dried objects therefore meet a high standard of purity, so that subsequent coating processes can also be carried out without any problems.
  • the method according to the invention is ecological and economical. It is particularly suitable for components that require a high degree of purity, such as. B. for components from the fields of medicine, aerospace or the glass industry as well as for drying bulk goods.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a device and a method for vacuum drying, according to which, in a first step, the object to be dried is heated and pre-dried in a vacuum chamber (1), which can be closed such that it is air-tight, by means of convection heat assisted by circulating air. In a second step a vacuum is generated in the chamber and in a third step a gaseous substance is fed through said chamber. The invention notably relates to such a method for vacuum drying according to which drying can be carried out by automatic control involving the selection of suitable control quantities.

Description

Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Vakuumtrocknen Device and method for vacuum drying
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung und ein Verfahren zum Va- kuumtrocknen von industriellen Artikeln wie mechanischen oder elektronischen Bauteilen, Werkstücke etc.. Insbesondere betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung eine derartige Vorrichtung und Verfahren, die nach einem selbststeuernden Prinzip arbeiten können.The present invention relates to a device and a method for vacuum drying industrial articles such as mechanical or electronic components, workpieces, etc. In particular, the present invention relates to such a device and method that can operate according to a self-controlling principle.
Trocknungsverfahren sind in vielen Varianten bekannt.Drying processes are known in many variants.
Ein technisch sehr einfaches aber energieintensives Verfahren ist die Umluft- trocknung. Weitere Trocknungsverfahren sind beispielsweise die Infrarottrocknung, Vakuumtrocknung oder die Konfektionstrocknung. Je nach konkreten Anwendungsfall wird das eine oder andere Verfahren in der Praxis eingesetzt.Circulating air drying is a technically very simple but energy-intensive process. Other drying processes are, for example, infrared drying, vacuum drying or clothing drying. Depending on the specific application, one or the other method is used in practice.
Problematisch bei den bekannten Verfahren sind die langen und energieintensiven Trocknungszeiten, die je nach Werkstofftyp und Beschaffenheit des zu trocknenden Gegenstandes weitere Probleme nach sich ziehen können. Komplizierte Strukturen wie Sacklöcher, Hinterschneidungen, Lunker und Kapillaren wirken sich dabei besonders erschwerend auf die Trocknung aus.The problem with the known methods is the long and energy-intensive drying times which, depending on the type of material and the nature of the object to be dried, can lead to further problems. Complicated structures such as blind holes, undercuts, blowholes and capillaries make drying particularly difficult.
Müssen z.B. korrosionsempfindliche Werkstoffe wie Stahlwerkstoffe getrocknet werden, z.B. nach einer Behandlung oder Reinigung in einem wässrigen Me- dium, sollte die Trocknungszeit kurz sein, um die Gefahr einer Oberflächenkorrosion aufgrund anhaftenden Wassers möglichst gering zu halten. Nachteilig auf die Trocknungszeit wirken sich hierbei insbesondere komplizierte verwinkelte Strukturen aus, die nur schwer trocknen bzw. zu trocknen sind.For example, corrosion-sensitive materials such as steel materials are dried, e.g. after treatment or cleaning in an aqueous medium, the drying time should be short to minimize the risk of surface corrosion due to water adhering to it. In particular, complicated, angled structures, which are difficult to dry or dry, have a disadvantageous effect on the drying time.
Es hat sich auch gezeigt, dass Trocknungsverfahren durch übliche Umgebungs- bedindungen beeinträchtigt werden können, indem z.B.It has also been shown that drying processes can be affected by common environmental conditions, e.g.
BESräftQUNGSKDP€ Verunreinigungen wie Staubpartikel in das Trocknungssystem eingetragen werden können, die an den zu trocknenden Artikeln haften bleiben und als Folge eine Weiterverarbeitung z. B. eine sich anschließende Beschichtung, oder deren Gebrauchsfähigkeit nachteilig beeinflussen können.REQUIREMENTS KDP € Impurities such as dust particles can be entered in the drying system, which adhere to the items to be dried and as a result of further processing such. B. a subsequent coating, or adversely affect their usability.
Es wurde eine Reihe von Ansätzen vorgeschlagen, um die bekannten Trocknungsverfahren zur Lösung der vorstehend genannten Probleme weiterzuent- wickeln.A number of approaches have been proposed to further develop the known drying methods to solve the problems mentioned above.
So wird zur Verkürzung der Trocknungszeit Vakuum angelegt, wodurch sich der Siedepunkt des am Artikel anhaftenden Lösungs- oder Reinigungsmittels erniedrigt.So vacuum is applied to shorten the drying time, which lowers the boiling point of the solvent or cleaning agent adhering to the article.
Gemäß einem weiteren Lösungsansatz wird die Trocknung durch eine vorgeschaltete Konvektionswarme in einem heißen wässrigen Bad erreicht. Es ist auch bekannt, die eigentliche Trocknung durch eine vorgeschaltete Stick- stoffabblasung zu unterstützen.According to a further solution, drying is achieved by an upstream convection heater in a hot aqueous bath. It is also known to support the actual drying by an upstream nitrogen blow-off.
Auch wurde vorgeschlagen, das bei der Vakuumtrocknung aufgrund des Energieschwundes auftretende Problem der Vereisung durch eine Vorwärmung der Artikel zu beseitigen oder zumindest zu verringern.It has also been proposed to eliminate or at least reduce the problem of icing that occurs in vacuum drying due to the loss of energy by preheating the articles.
In der EP-A-0 539 607 wird eine Vorrichtung beschrieben, wobei der zu trocknende Artikel mittels heißer Luft vorgewärmt und anschließend im Vakuum getrocknet wird. Um auch bei längeren Trocknungszeiten den Durchsatz er- höhen zu können, können mehrere Vakuumkammern parallel geschaltet sein.EP-A-0 539 607 describes a device in which the article to be dried is preheated by means of hot air and then dried in vacuo. In order to be able to increase the throughput even with longer drying times, several vacuum chambers can be connected in parallel.
Die mit den bekannten Verfahren erzielten Ergebnisse sind jedoch für viele industrierelevante Anwendungsfälle nicht ausreichend.The results achieved with the known methods are, however, not sufficient for many industry-relevant applications.
Insbesondere fehlt es an einem Verfahren, das die unterschiedlichen Probleme, die bei der Trocknung auftreten können, ganzheitlich zu lösen vermag. In der DE 30 39 923 ist eine Vorrichtung für die Erzeugung und Aufrechterhaltung einer von störenden Gasen weitgehend freien Restgasatmosphäre im Vakuumbereich beschrieben, die eine Vakuumkammer enthält, wobei die Vakuumkammer mit einer Adsorptionsfalle verbunden ist und das Restgas aus der Vakuumkammer abgezogen und im Kreislauf über die Adsorptionsfalle in die Kammer zurückgeführt wird. Eine Vakuumtrocknung der vorbeschriebenen Art ist jedoch nicht vorgesehen.In particular, there is a lack of a method that can solve the various problems that can arise during drying in a holistic manner. DE 30 39 923 describes a device for the generation and maintenance of a residual gas atmosphere in the vacuum area which is largely free of interfering gases and which contains a vacuum chamber, the vacuum chamber being connected to an adsorption trap and the residual gas being withdrawn from the vacuum chamber and circulating via the Adsorption trap is returned to the chamber. Vacuum drying of the type described above is not provided, however.
Es war Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Verfügung zu stellen, die neben kurzen Trocknungszeiten und geringem Energieverbrauch eine reproduzierbare und hohe Trocknungsqualität auch bei kompliziert gebauten und korrosionsempfindlichen Artikeln gewährleisten können.It was an object of the invention to provide a method and a device which, in addition to short drying times and low energy consumption, can ensure reproducible and high drying quality even in the case of articles of complicated construction and sensitive to corrosion.
Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe durch eine Vorrichtung zum Vakuumtrocknen, die eine luftdicht verschließbare Vakuumkammer, eine Heizvorrichtung, Öffnungen zum Einleiten und Ablassen von gasförmigen Stoffen und eine Gaszuleitung enthält, wobei die Vorrichtung mit einer Vakuumpumpe verbindbar und die Heizvorrichtung innerhalb der Vakuumkammer angeordnet ist.This object is achieved by a device for vacuum drying, which contains an airtight sealable vacuum chamber, a heating device, openings for introducing and discharging gaseous substances and a gas supply line, the device being connectable to a vacuum pump and the heating device being arranged within the vacuum chamber.
Weiter betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung ein mehrstufiges Verfahren zur Trocknung, wobei der zu trocknende Artikel in der Vakuumkammer in einer ersten Stufe mittels Konvektionswarme erwärmt und gleichzeitig vorgetrocknet wird, anschließend in einer zweiten Stufe Vakuum angelegt und in einer dritten Stufe ein gasförmiger Stoff durch die Kammer geleitet wird.The present invention further relates to a multi-stage process for drying, the article to be dried being heated in the vacuum chamber in a first stage by means of convection heat and simultaneously pre-dried, then vacuum applied in a second stage and a gaseous substance being passed through the chamber in a third stage becomes.
Gemäß einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform erfolgt die Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen mehrstufigen Trocknungsverfahrens programmgesteuert über die Messung und Bestimmung von Steuerungsgrößen. Hierbei wird der Verlauf und die Dauer der einzelnen Stufen über die Messung von relevanten Steuerungsgrößen und Vergleich der gemessenen Steuerungsgrößen mit vorgegebenen Sollwerten gesteuert.According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the multi-stage drying method according to the invention is carried out under program control via the measurement and determination of control variables. The course and duration of the individual stages are controlled by measuring relevant control variables and comparing the measured control variables with specified target values.
Durch diese Steuerung kann ein optimales und reproduzierbares Trocknungsergebnis für die einzelnen Trocknungsstufen erhalten werden. Über die Selbststeuerung ist zudem eine vollkommen automatisierte Durchführung der Trocknung möglich.This control enables an optimal and reproducible drying result to be obtained for the individual drying stages. Completely automated drying is also possible via self-control.
Die vorliegende Erfindung eignet sich auch ausgezeichnet zur Trocknung von Schüttgut. Hierfür kann innerhalb der Vakuumkammer ein Behälter zur Aufnahme des zu trocknenden Schüttgutes vorgesehen sein. Der Behälter kann mit einem Antrieb versehen sein, der den Behälter in Bewegung versetzt und damit auch das im Behälter befindliche Schüttgut, wodurch die Trocknung gefördert wird. Vorzugsweise ist der Behälter als Trommel ausgestaltet. The present invention is also extremely suitable for drying bulk goods. For this purpose, a container for receiving the bulk material to be dried can be provided within the vacuum chamber. The container can be provided with a drive which sets the container in motion and thus also the bulk material in the container, which promotes drying. The container is preferably designed as a drum.
Nachstehend wird die Erfindung unter Bezugnahme auf eine Figur anhand einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform näher erläutert.The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to a figure using a preferred embodiment.
Es zeigtIt shows
Figur 1 schematisch einen Längsschnittschnitt durch eine bevorzugteFigure 1 schematically shows a longitudinal section through a preferred
Anordnung der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung;Arrangement of the device according to the invention;
Figur 2 zeigt die Ausgestaltung einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zur Trocknung von Schüttgut.FIG. 2 shows the configuration of a device according to the invention for drying bulk goods.
Figur 1 zeigt einen Längsschnitt durch eine erfindungsgemäß bevorzugte Vorrichtung zum Vakkuumtrocknen, die als wesentliche Bestandteile eine Kammer 1 zur Aufnahme des oder der zu trocknenden Artikel, einen Ver- schlüss l e zum luftdichten Verschließen der Kammer 1 , eine Heizvorrichtung 2,3, Öffnungen 4, 5 zum Einleiten und Ablassen eines gasförmigen Stoffes, eine Gaszuleitung 6 und einen Anschluss 7 für eine Vakuumpumpe 9 umfasst.1 shows a longitudinal section through a device for vacuum drying preferred according to the invention, the essential components of which are a chamber 1 for receiving the article or articles to be dried, a closure le for airtight sealing of the chamber 1, a heating device 2, 3, openings 4, 5 for introducing and discharging a gaseous substance, a gas feed line 6 and a connection 7 for a vacuum pump 9.
Die Heizvorrichtung dient zur Erzeugung von Konvektionswarme und kann vorzugsweise aus einem oder mehreren Heizstrahlern bestehen. Die in Figur 1 gezeigte bevorzugte Vorrichtung weist beispielsweise zwei gegenüberliegende Heizstrahler 2, 3 auf. Auch andere Heizvorrichtungen zur Erzeugung von Konvektionswarme sind denkbar.The heating device is used to generate convection heat and can preferably consist of one or more radiant heaters. The preferred device shown in FIG. 1 has, for example, two opposite radiant heaters 2, 3. Other heating devices for generating convection heat are also conceivable.
Alternativ oder auch ergänzend zu der intern in der Kammer 1 angebrachten Heizvorrichtung 2, 3 kann eine externe Heizvorrichtung vorgesehen sein. Hierbei kann der über die Öffnung 4 zugeführte gasförmige Stoff wie Umluft über eine dieser Öffnung 4 vorgeschaltete Heizvorrichtung erwärmt werden und die Wärmebeaufschlagung des oder der zu tocknenden Artikel in der Kammer 1 erfolgt über den extern erwärmten gasförmigen Stoff. Die Kammer 1 weist Öffnungen 4, 5 zum Einleiten und Ablassen von gasförmigen Stoffen, vorzugsweise Luft, zur Erzeugung von Umluft auf. Die Öffnungen sind so angebracht, dass eine optimale Durchströmung der Kammer bzw. Umströmung des oder der Artikel erzielt wird. Beispielsweise können sie höhenversetzt in gegenüberliegenden Wandseiten vorgesehen sein wie in dem in Figur 1 gezeigten Beispiel, wobei Bezugszeichen 4 die Öffnung zum Einleiten und Bezugszeichen 5 die Öffnung zum Ablassen bezeichnet.As an alternative or in addition to the heating device 2, 3 mounted internally in the chamber 1, an external heating device can be provided. Here, the gaseous substance supplied via the opening 4, such as circulating air, can be heated via a heating device connected upstream of this opening 4, and the heating of the article or articles to be tumbled in the chamber 1 takes place via the externally heated gaseous substance. The chamber 1 has openings 4, 5 for introducing and discharging gaseous substances, preferably air, for generating circulating air. The openings are made so that an optimal flow through the chamber or flow around the article or articles is achieved. For example, they can be provided offset in height in opposite wall sides as in the example shown in FIG. 1, reference numeral 4 denoting the opening for introduction and reference numeral 5 denoting the opening for draining.
Es können auch mehrere Zuleitungsöffnungen und/oder Ableitungsöffnungen vorgesehen sein.A plurality of supply openings and / or discharge openings can also be provided.
Wie in Figur 1 gezeigt, können die Zuleitung und die Ableitung miteinander verbunden sein.As shown in FIG. 1, the feed line and the discharge line can be connected to one another.
Die Regulierung der Strömungsgeschwindigkeit der Umluft und damit die Menge an zugeführter Luft erfolgt über geeignete Mittel zur Regulierung der Gaszu- und abfuhr 10, 11 wie Ventilatoren, die vorzugsweise frequenzgeregelt sein können, oder auch geeignete Pumpen. Zusätzlich können je nach Bedarf Ven- tile, Mehrweghähne oder ähnliches zur Regulierung der Gaszufuhr und Gasableitung wie z.B. in Figur 1 die Ventile 12, 13 vorgesehen sein.The regulation of the flow velocity of the circulating air and thus the amount of air supplied takes place via suitable means for regulating the gas supply and discharge 10, 11 such as fans, which can preferably be frequency-controlled, or also suitable pumps. In addition, valves, reusable taps or the like can be used to regulate the gas supply and discharge, e.g. in Figure 1, the valves 12, 13 may be provided.
Zur Zufuhr von frischer Luft bzw. Ableitung von feuchtigkeitsbeladener Umluft können in dem Umluftleitungssystem entsprechende Vorrichtungen wie z.B. Drosselklappen 14, 15 vorgesehen sein.For the supply of fresh air or removal of moisture-laden recirculating air, appropriate devices such as e.g. Throttle valves 14, 15 may be provided.
Diese Vorrichtungen können für die erfindungsgemäß bevorzugte Selbststeuerung über Messstellen geregelt arbeiten.For the self-control preferred according to the invention, these devices can work in a controlled manner via measuring points.
Vorzugsweise passiert die Luft vor Einleiten in die Kammer eine Filtervorrichtung (nicht gezeigt), um Verunreinigungen wie Staubpartikel etc. zu entfernen und eine Kontamination der Kammer zu vermeiden. Auch kann außerhalb der Kammer 1 in dem Leitungssystem für die Umluft eine Heizvorrichtung und/oder eine Trockenvorrichtung vorgesehen sein, um die Luft vor Einleitung in die Kammer vorzuerwärmen und/oder ihren Feuchtigkeitsgehalt zu verringern. So kann in dem Umluftleitungssystem ein Kondensator zur Trocknung der feuchtigkeitsbeladenen Umluft, die die Kammer 1 über die Öffnung 5 verlässt, vorgesehen sein. In diesem Fall kann auf die Drosselklappen 14, 15 verzichtet werden.The air preferably passes through a filter device (not shown) before being introduced into the chamber in order to remove impurities such as dust particles etc. and to avoid contamination of the chamber. A heating device and / or a drying device can also be provided outside the chamber 1 in the duct system for the circulating air, in order to preheat the air before it is introduced into the chamber and / or to reduce its moisture content. For example, a condenser for drying the moisture-laden circulating air, which leaves the chamber 1 via the opening 5, can be provided in the circulating air duct system. In this case, the throttle valves 14, 15 can be dispensed with.
Der Kondensator befindet sich in dem Leitungssystem vorzugsweise ausgangs- seitig.The capacitor is preferably located on the output side in the line system.
Zur Umlufttrocknung kann prinzipiell ein beliebiges Gas wie Umgebungsluft, ein Inertgas oder Mischungen davon verwendet werden. Vorzugsweise wird Umgebungsluft eingesetzt.In principle, any gas such as ambient air, an inert gas or mixtures thereof can be used for circulating air drying. Ambient air is preferably used.
Die Kammer 1 ist mit einer Vakuumpumpe 9 verbindbar. In der in Figur 1 gezeigten Vorrichtung ist die Kammer über Leitungen 22a und 7 mit der Vakuumpumpe 9 verbunden, wobei die Leitung 22a zugleich mit Messstellen 23 und 24 verbunden ist. In Figur 1 ist der Zugang zur Leitung 22a über ein Ventil 16 regelbar, wobei der Vakuumpumpe 9 ein regelbares Ventil 17, wie z.B. ein Butterflyventil, vorgeschaltet sein kann.The chamber 1 can be connected to a vacuum pump 9. In the device shown in FIG. 1, the chamber is connected to the vacuum pump 9 via lines 22a and 7, the line 22a being connected to measuring points 23 and 24 at the same time. In Figure 1, access to line 22a is controllable via a valve 16, the vacuum pump 9 being a controllable valve 17, e.g. a butterfly valve, can be upstream.
Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung verfügt ferner über eine Gaszuleitung 6, über die ein beliebiges weiteres Gas, vorzugsweise ein Inertgas, eingespeist werden kann. Über die Gaszuleitung 6 kann z.B. die Einspeisung von Gas für die dritte Stufe erfolgen.The device according to the invention also has a gas feed line 6, via which any other gas, preferably an inert gas, can be fed. Via the gas supply line 6, e.g. gas is fed in for the third stage.
Wie in Figur 1 gezeigt, kann die Gaszuleitung 6 mit Reservoirs 8 für verschiedene Gase in Verbindung stehen, so dass je nach Anwendungsfall die Art des eingespeisten Gases geändert oder aber auch eine beliebig zusammengesetzte Mischung eingeleitet werden kann. Zur Steuerung der Gaszufuhr können in der Gaszuleitung 6 selbst oder in den Zuleitungen zu den einzelnen Reservoirs Ventile, Mehrwegehähne oder ähnliches vorgesehen sein.As shown in FIG. 1, the gas feed line 6 can be connected to reservoirs 8 for different gases, so that, depending on the application, the type of gas fed in can be changed or a mixture of any composition can be introduced. To control the gas supply, valves, multi-way valves or the like can be provided in the gas supply line 6 itself or in the supply lines to the individual reservoirs.
Bevorzugt sind hierfür sogenannte Flow Controller, die eine geregelte Gaszufuhr erlauben.So-called flow controllers are preferred for this purpose, which allow a regulated gas supply.
Vorzugsweise wird für die dritte Stufe ein Inertgas wie Stickstoff oder Argon oder Mischungen davon zugesetzt, um Korrosion zu verhindern. Je nach An- wendungsfall kann aber auch Luft oder Sauerstoff etc. eingeleitet werden.An inert gas such as nitrogen or argon or mixtures thereof is preferably added for the third stage in order to prevent corrosion. Depending on the application, air or oxygen etc. can also be introduced.
Auch hier kann eine Heizungvorrichtung, um das Gas vorzuerwärmen, und/oder bei Bedarf eine Trockenvorrichtung vorgesehen sein, um so die Trocknung zu fördern.Here, too, a heating device can be provided to preheat the gas and / or, if necessary, a drying device can be provided to promote drying.
Optional kann die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung je nach Bedarf mit geeigneten weiteren Vorrichtungen ausgestattet sein, z.B. mit einer Belüftung 18, einer Kühlung 19 und/oder einer Abflussleitung 30, die z.B. über Ventile 31 , 32 und 33 zugeschaltet werden können.Optionally, the device according to the invention can be equipped with suitable further devices as required, e.g. with ventilation 18, cooling 19 and / or a drain line 30 which e.g. can be switched on via valves 31, 32 and 33.
Figur 2 zeigt einen Auschnitt einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung wie sie in Figur 1 gezeigt ist, wobei in der Vakuumkammer aufgehängt ein Behälter - hier eine Trommel 40 - angeordnet ist. Diese Ausgestaltung eignet sich insbesondere zur Trocknung von Schüttgut, wobei der Behälter bzw. die Trommel 40 zur Aufnahme des Schüttguts dient. Die Trommel 40 wird über einen Antrieb 41 gedreht oder rotiert, wobei darin befindliches Schüttgut effizient und schnell von Feuchtigkeit befreit wird.FIG. 2 shows a section of a device according to the invention as shown in FIG. 1, a container - here a drum 40 - being arranged in the vacuum chamber. This configuration is particularly suitable for drying bulk material, the container or drum 40 being used to hold the bulk material. The drum 40 is rotated or rotated via a drive 41, the bulk material therein being freed of moisture efficiently and quickly.
Nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren erfolgt in einer ersten Stufe eine Wärmebeaufschlagung des oder der zu trocknenden Artikel mit Konvektions- wärme. Dies geschieht vorzugsweise durch eine energieintensive aber kurze Strahlungswärme unterstützt durch Umlufttrocknung mittels der Heizvorrichtung 2, 3 und / oder einer externen Heizvorπchtung zur Erwärmung der Um- luft vor Eintritt in die Kammer 1. Hierbei nimmt der Artikel Wärmeenergie auf, um einer Vereisung bei Anlegen von Vakuum entgegenzuwirken. Gleichzeitig erfolgt eine Vortrocknung durch Abführung eines ersten Großteils der Oberflächenfeuchtigkeit.According to the method according to the invention, heat is applied to the article or articles to be dried with convection heat in a first stage. This is preferably done by means of an energy-intensive but short radiant heat supported by circulating air drying by means of the heating device 2, 3 and / or an external heating device for heating the circulating air. air before entering chamber 1. Here the article absorbs thermal energy to counteract icing when a vacuum is applied. At the same time, pre-drying takes place by removing a first large part of the surface moisture.
In Anschluss an die Wärmebeaufschlagung wird in einer zweiten Stufe Vakuum angelegt bzw. der Druck in der Kammer 1 reduziert. Ein großer Teil der Oberflächenfeuchtigkeit ist zu diesem Zeitpunkt bereits entfernt.Following the application of heat, a vacuum is applied in a second stage or the pressure in chamber 1 is reduced. A large part of the surface moisture has already been removed at this point.
Gleichzeitig mit der Druckreduzierung und/oder in Anschluss daran nachdem die gewünschte Druckreduktion erreicht worden ist, wird zur Förderung der Trocknung die Kammer mit Gas durchströmt (dritte Stufe). Vorzugsweise wird hierbei ein Inertgas verwendet, um gleichzeitig ein Schutzatmosphäre zu erzeugen.Simultaneously with the pressure reduction and / or afterwards after the desired pressure reduction has been achieved, gas is passed through the chamber to promote drying (third stage). In this case, an inert gas is preferably used in order to simultaneously generate a protective atmosphere.
Das Vakuum oder ein gewünschter Druck kann über eine entsprechende Regelung der notwendigen Steuerungsgrößen aufrechterhalten werden.The vacuum or a desired pressure can be maintained via appropriate regulation of the necessary control variables.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zur Vakuumtrocknung erfolgt vorzugsweise selbst bzw. programmgesteuert auf Grundlage von Steuerungsgrößen.The vacuum drying method according to the invention is preferably carried out independently or program-controlled on the basis of control variables.
Hierbei werden für die einzelnen Stufen, d.h. für die einzelnen Verfahrensmaßnahmen wie Wärmebeaufschlagung, Druckreduzierung und Gaseinleitung, eine oder auch mehrere geeignete Steuerungsgrößen ausgewählt und der Verlauf der Trocknung in den einzelnen Stufen über eine Bestimmung der Ist- werte der jeweils ausgewählten Steuerungsgrößen und deren Vergleich mit vorgegebenen Sollwerten beobachtet und gesteuert.Here, for the individual stages, i.e. one or more suitable control variables are selected for the individual procedural measures such as heat application, pressure reduction and gas introduction, and the course of drying in the individual stages is monitored and controlled by determining the actual values of the respectively selected control variables and comparing them with predetermined target values.
Die Istwerte der einzelnen Steuerungsgrößen können über Messstellen oder Sonden 23, 24, 25, die in der Kammer 1 selbst angebracht oder mit dieser ver- bunden sein können, gemessen werden, wobei die Messstellen oder Sonden wiederum mit Steuervorichtungen verbunden sind. So sind in Figur 1 Temperaturfühler 20, 21 gezeigt, die in der Kammer vorgesehen sind, sowie außerhalb der Kammer Leitungen 22 a, b, c, die die Kammer mit Messvorrichtungen und Steuervorrichtungen für die einzelnen Steuerungsgrößen wie den Druck, den Feuchtegehalt, die Temperatur usw. verbindet. In dem Leitungssystem für die Umluft können zudem eine oder mehrere Messsonden 25 für den Feuchtigkeitsgehalt der Luft vorgesehen sein.The actual values of the individual control variables can be measured via measuring points or probes 23, 24, 25, which can be installed in the chamber 1 itself or connected to it, the measuring points or probes in turn being connected to control devices. 1 shows temperature sensors 20, 21, which are provided in the chamber, and outside the chamber, lines 22 a, b, c, which connect the chamber with measuring devices and control devices for the individual control variables such as the pressure, the moisture content, and the temperature etc. connects. One or more measuring probes 25 for the moisture content of the air can also be provided in the line system for the circulating air.
In Abhängigkeit der Abweichungen der gemessenen Istwerte von den Sollwerten können die Steuerungsgrößen und / oder die Dauer der einzelnen Stufen geändert werden, so dass auch für kompliziert gebaute, schwer zu trocknende Artikel ein gleichförmig optimales Trocknungsergebnis erzielt werden kann.Depending on the deviations of the measured actual values from the target values, the control variables and / or the duration of the individual stages can be changed, so that a uniformly optimal drying result can be achieved even for articles of complicated construction and difficult to dry.
Steuerungsgrößen können sein für die Wärmebeaufschlagung die Feuchtigkeit, die Temperatur, die Stellung derControl variables can be the heat, the humidity, the temperature, the position of the
Ventilklappen, die Frequenz der Ventilatoren und die Pumpenleistung;Valve flaps, the frequency of the fans and the pump output;
Druckreduzierung der Druck, unterstützt durch die Feuchtemessung, die Temperatur, Stellung der Ventilklappen;Pressure reduction the pressure, supported by the moisture measurement, the temperature, position of the valve flaps;
Gas- bzw. Inertgaszufuhr die zugeführte Gasmenge, der Druck, die Temperatur, die Ventilstellung und die Feuchtemessung, Steuerung der Flow Controller.Gas or inert gas supply, the amount of gas supplied, the pressure, the temperature, the valve position and the moisture measurement, control of the flow controller.
Die Steuerungsgrößen oder mit anderen Worten, die Erfassung und Erfüllung aller wichtigen Parameter, bestimmen über den gesamten Prozess den optimalen Abbruch des jeweiligen Trocknungsschrittes. Auch schwer zugängliche Stellen lassen sich durch dieses System schnell und effizient trocknen.The control parameters, or in other words, the recording and fulfillment of all important parameters, determine the optimal termination of the respective drying step over the entire process. Even difficult to access areas can be dried quickly and efficiently using this system.
Bevorzugt einzustellende Parameter sind derart ,dass die Trocknung bei einer Temperatur in einem Bereich von 50 °C bis 150 °C erfolgt. Bevorzugte Gase sind Stickstoff oder Argon. Die bevorzugte Durchflussmenge (Flowmenge) kann bei einem Kammervolumen von 1 m3 von etwa 0 bis 50.000 sccm betragen, bei einem Vakumm zwischen 10 und 100 mbar.Parameters to be set preferably are such that drying takes place at a temperature in a range from 50 ° C. to 150 ° C. Preferred gases are nitrogen or argon. The preferred flow rate (flow rate) can be from 0 to 50,000 sccm with a chamber volume of 1 m 3 , with a vacuum between 10 and 100 mbar.
Erfindungsgemäß findet die Trocknung in einem geschlossenen Trocknungs- System statt, wodurch das Einschleppen von Verunreinigungen aus der Umgebung verhindert wird. Die getrockneten Gegenstände erfüllen daher einen hohen Reinheitsstandard, so dass auch sich anschließende Be- schichtungsverfahren problemlos durchgeführt werden können. Zudem ist das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ökologisch und wirtschaftlich. Es eignet sich insbesondere für Bauteile, für die ein hoher Reinheitsgrad erforderlich ist, wie z. B. für Bauteile aus den Bereichen der Medizin, Luft- und Raumfahrt oder der Glasindustrie sowie für die Trocknung von Schüttgut. According to the invention, drying takes place in a closed drying system, which prevents contaminants from being carried in from the environment. The dried objects therefore meet a high standard of purity, so that subsequent coating processes can also be carried out without any problems. In addition, the method according to the invention is ecological and economical. It is particularly suitable for components that require a high degree of purity, such as. B. for components from the fields of medicine, aerospace or the glass industry as well as for drying bulk goods.
BezugszeichenlisteReference list
Vakuumkammer a Verschluss ,3 HeizvorrichtungVacuum chamber a closure, 3 heating devices
Öffnung zum Einleiten eines gasförmigen StoffesOpening for introducing a gaseous substance
Öffnung zum Ablassen eines gasförmigen StoffesOpening for the discharge of a gaseous substance
GaszuleitungGas supply
Verbindung zu einer VakuumpumpeConnection to a vacuum pump
GasreservoirGas reservoir
VakuumpumpeVacuum pump
0 Ventilator 1 Ventilator 2 Ventil 3 Ventil 4 Drosselklappe zur Umluftzufuhr 5 Drosselklappe zur Umluftableitung 6 Ventil 7 regelbares Ventil 8 Belüftung 9 Kühlung0 Fan 1 Fan 2 Valve 3 Valve 4 Throttle valve for circulating air supply 5 Throttle valve for circulating air discharge 6 Valve 7 adjustable valve 8 Ventilation 9 Cooling
0 Temperaturfühler 1 Temperaturfühler 2a, b, c Verbindungsleitungen zu Messstellen der Steuerungsgrößen 3 Messstelle für Steuerungsgrößen 4 Messstelle für Steuerungsgrößen 5 Messsonde für Feuchtigkeit Abfluss0 temperature sensor 1 temperature sensor 2a, b, c connecting lines to measuring points of the control variables 3 measuring point for control variables 4 measuring point for control variables 5 measuring probe for humidity Outflow
Ventil für AbflussDrain valve
Ventil für BelüftungVentilation valve
Ventil für KühlungCooling valve
Behälter für SchüttgutBulk containers
Antrieb drive

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Vorrichtung zum Vakuumtrocknen enthaltend eine luftdicht verschließbare Vakuumkammer (1), Öffnungen zum Einleiten und Ablassen von gasförmigen Stoffen (4, 5), eine Gaszuleitung (6), wobei die Vorrichtung mit einer Vakuumpumpe (9) verbindbar ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Vorrichtung innerhalb der Vakuumkammer (1) angeordnet eine Heizvorrichtung (2, 3) enthält.1. Device for vacuum drying containing an airtight sealable vacuum chamber (1), openings for introducing and discharging gaseous substances (4, 5), a gas supply line (6), the device being connectable to a vacuum pump (9), characterized in that the device arranged inside the vacuum chamber (1) contains a heating device (2, 3).
2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Vorrichtung mindestens eine Messstelle (23, 24, 25) zum Be- stimmen von Steuerungsgrößen aufweist, die mit der Vakuumkammer (1) verbunden und/oder innerhalb der Vakuumkammer (1) angeordnet sind.2. Device according to claim 2, characterized in that the device has at least one measuring point (23, 24, 25) for determining control variables which are connected to the vacuum chamber (1) and / or are arranged within the vacuum chamber (1) .
3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass innerhalb der Vakuumkammer mindestens ein Temperaturfühler (20, 21) angeordnet ist.3. Device according to claim 2, characterized in that at least one temperature sensor (20, 21) is arranged within the vacuum chamber.
4. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Mittel zur Regulierung der Gaszu- und abfuhr (10, 11) vorgesehen sind. 4. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that means for regulating the gas supply and discharge (10, 11) are provided.
5. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel zur Regulierung der Gaszu- und abfuhr (10, 1 1 ) ausgewählt sind unter einem Ventilator oder einer Pumpe.5. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that the means for regulating the gas supply and discharge (10, 1 1) are selected from a fan or a pump.
6. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zusätzlich Ventile (12, 13) zur Regulierung der Gaszu- und abfuhr vorgesehen sind.6. The device according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that additional valves (12, 13) are provided for regulating the gas supply and discharge.
7. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Heizvorrichtung in der Kammer (1) zwei gegenüberliegende Heizstrahler (2, 3) vorgesehen sind.7. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that two opposite radiant heaters (2, 3) are provided as the heating device in the chamber (1).
8. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Heizvorrichtung außerhalb der Kammer (1) eingangsseitig zur Öffnung 4 vorgesehen ist.8. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the heating device is provided on the input side to the opening 4 outside the chamber (1).
9. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in der Vakuumkammer (1) ein Behälter (40) angeordnet ist.9. Device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that a container (40) is arranged in the vacuum chamber (1).
10. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Behälter (40) als Trommel ausgestaltet ist, und über einen Antrieb (41 ) rotiert werden kann. 10. The device according to claim 9, characterized in that the container (40) is designed as a drum, and can be rotated via a drive (41).
11. Verfahren zum Vakuumtrocknen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der zu trocknende Gegenstand in einer luftdicht verschließbaren Vakuumkammer (1) in einer ersten Stufe mittels Konvektionswarme unter- stützt durch Umluft erwärmt und vorgetrocknet wird, anschließend in einer zweiten Stufe an die Kammer Vakuum angelegt wird und in einer dritten Stufe ein gasförmiger Stoff durch die Kammer geleitet wird.11. Process for vacuum drying, characterized in that the object to be dried is heated and pre-dried in a first stage by means of convection heat in an airtight sealable vacuum chamber (1) by means of convection heat, then vacuum is applied to the chamber in a second stage and in a third stage, a gaseous substance is passed through the chamber.
12. Verfahren nach Anspruch 11 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Trocknung über eine Auswahl und Bestimmung von Steuerungsgrößen unter Selbststeuerung erfolgt.12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that the drying takes place via a selection and determination of control variables under self-control.
13. Verfahren nach Anspruch 11 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Steuerung über mindestens eine Steuerungsgröße ausgewählt unter der Feuchtigkeit, Temperatur, Druck, Gasfluss zur Umlufttrocknung und Flow Controller erfolgt.13. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that the control takes place via at least one control variable selected under the humidity, temperature, pressure, gas flow for circulating air drying and flow controller.
14. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das in der ersten und dritten Stufe eingeleitete Gas Umgebungsluft und/oder ein Inertgas ist.14. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that the gas introduced in the first and third stages is ambient air and / or an inert gas.
15. Verfahren nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet dass zur Umlufttrocknung in der ersten Stufe Umgebungsluft und als Gas in der dritten Stufe ein Inertgas eingesetzt wird. 15. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that ambient air is used for circulating air drying in the first stage and an inert gas is used as gas in the third stage.
16. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 14 oder 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Gas für die erste und/oder dritte Stufe vorgewärmt in die Kammer (1) eingeleitet wird.16. The method according to any one of claims 14 or 15, characterized in that the gas for the first and / or third stage is introduced preheated into the chamber (1).
17. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 12 bis 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass gleichzeitig mit der Druckreduzierung in der zweiten Stufe der Kammer (1) ein Gas oder Gasgemisch gemäß der dritten Stufe zugesetzt wird.17. The method according to any one of claims 12 to 16, characterized in that a gas or gas mixture according to the third stage is added to the chamber (1) simultaneously with the pressure reduction in the second stage.
18. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 12 bis 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Schüttgut getrocknet wird. 18. The method according to any one of claims 12 to 17, characterized in that bulk material is dried.
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Also Published As

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EP1080333B1 (en) 2009-08-19
DE50015717D1 (en) 2009-10-01
WO2000053983A1 (en) 2000-09-14
ATE440253T1 (en) 2009-09-15
DE19910723A1 (en) 2000-09-21

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