EP1069240B1 - Tamping process - Google Patents
Tamping process Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1069240B1 EP1069240B1 EP00114220A EP00114220A EP1069240B1 EP 1069240 B1 EP1069240 B1 EP 1069240B1 EP 00114220 A EP00114220 A EP 00114220A EP 00114220 A EP00114220 A EP 00114220A EP 1069240 B1 EP1069240 B1 EP 1069240B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- tamping
- tools
- rail
- picks
- pressure
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
- E01B27/00—Placing, renewing, working, cleaning, or taking-up the ballast, with or without concurrent work on the track; Devices therefor; Packing sleepers
- E01B27/12—Packing sleepers, with or without concurrent work on the track; Compacting track-carrying ballast
- E01B27/13—Packing sleepers, with or without concurrent work on the track
- E01B27/16—Sleeper-tamping machines
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for sliding plug according to the preamble of claim 1.
- Such a method is known, for example, from EP 0 455 179 B1, in which the tampons close to the rail, which operate outside the rail space, are arranged adjustable transversely to the rails in order, for example, to be able to stuff turnout areas in which tracks from the regular track profile branch off to the outside.
- US-5,007,350 discloses a method for level adjustment, alignment and clogging of tracks, according to the preamble of claim 1.
- the rail-like, inner and outer tamping picks are also arranged adjustable transversely to the rails outwards and inwards.
- the center zone of the thresholds remains disadvantageously unprocessed, which cavities and loosening of the thresholds may arise in the center region.
- the object of the invention is in contrast to further develop a mobile track tamping machine of the type mentioned in such a way that the ballast is solidified in the region of the sleepers remote from the sub-stoppers.
- the advantages of the invention are in particular that the stuffing tools can be moved transversely to the rails, so that not only the rail-near areas of the thresholds, but also the areas further away from the rails areas are ballasted with gravel and therefore have a solidified substructure.
- the stuffing pressure with which the stuffing picks solidify the ballast decreases with increasing distance from the rails; the rail-near areas are therefore placed below the sleepers at a higher stuffing pressure than the rail-remote areas.
- the invention results in an improved grip of the sleepers in the ballast.
- the plug pressure reduced towards the outside prevents the zones of lesser weight and load stress from being pushed up during the plugging operation, thereby loosening and / or lifting the track grid as a whole.
- two stuffing tools per rail are provided, which form a tamping unit.
- the two stuffing tools are arranged to the left and right of each rail and can be moved away from a rail near first position away from each other in a second, distant position, in which the tamping then work with lower stuffing pressure than in the first position.
- the per rail, so per tamping provided two stuffing tools preferably move in their movement the same distance in opposite directions back to the execution of the movement are preferably pneumatic or hydraulic drives provided.
- At least one stuffing tool can be moved from the second, remote position to a third position, which is further away from the track, in which the tamping picks operate with a stuffing pressure, which is determined by the first and / or the second position is different.
- the outer stuffing tool lying opposite the threshold head can also be moved beyond the end of the sleeper head, then rotated by 90 ° and moved in front of the sleeper head, in order then to support the sleepers with an adjustable stuffing pressure at the head end.
- the stuffing pressure in the one or more positions remote from the rail is preferably between 30% and 70%, in particular between 40% and 60% of the stuffing pressure with which the tamping knives work in the rail-near position.
- each tamping unit 10 has two stuffing tools 14, the left and right in small distance from each rail are arranged.
- Each stuffing tool 14 has on both sides of each threshold opposite tufts 16, the working tips 17 are directed against the ballast (not shown).
- Per rail 4 so each tamping unit 10 is provided.
- Each tamping unit 10 consists of two tamping tools 14, which are arranged on the left and right at a small distance from the rail 4.
- each stuffing tool 14 - in the rail direction at a small distance opposite each other - tamping picks 16 which can be lowered from both sides of a threshold 1 in the ballast and then support this threshold 1 with gravel.
- the tamping 16 of the stuffing tools 14 are provided by drives and brought into a tamping movement.
- the drives act on the tamping picks 16 with a vibrating motion to increase the tamping action.
- FIGS. 4 and 5 represent a plan view of the working tips 17 of the tamping picks 16 and illustrate the position of these working tips relative to the rails and the sleepers 1.
- Fig. 4 corresponds to the illustration of FIG. 1;
- FIG. 5 corresponds to the illustration corresponding to FIG. 2.
- FIGS. 1 and 4 the stuffing tools 14 of the tamping units 10 are shown in a first, rail-near position.
- the tamping tools 14 can be moved by means of pneumatic or hydraulic drives (not shown) to a second, remote position, which is shown in FIGS. 2 and 5.
- the stuffing tools 14 of each tamping unit 10 are moved apart by a predetermined distance, so that then the distance between the Stopftechnikmaschineen 14 is increased to the respective rail track 4.
- the outer stuffing tool approaches the sleeper head, the inner stuffing tool 14 moves into the middle zone between the two rails 4.
- the stuffing picks 14 operate at a stuffing pressure of about 30% to 70%, more preferably 40% to 60% of the stuffing pressure with which the tamping knives work in the rail-near position.
- the stuffing pressure can be lowered to other values in the region away from the rail.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Machines For Laying And Maintaining Railways (AREA)
- Processing Of Terminals (AREA)
- Primary Cells (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Gleisstopfen gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a method for sliding plug according to the preamble of
Ein derartiges Verfahren ist beispielsweise aus der EP 0 455 179 B1 bekannt, bei der die schienennahen Stopfpickel, die außerhalb des Schienenzwischenraums arbeiten, quer zu den Schienen nach außen verstellbar angeordnet sind, um beispielsweise auch Weichenbereiche stopfen zu können, bei denen Gleise vom regulären Gleisprofil quer nach außen abzweigen.Such a method is known, for example, from EP 0 455 179 B1, in which the tampons close to the rail, which operate outside the rail space, are arranged adjustable transversely to the rails in order, for example, to be able to stuff turnout areas in which tracks from the regular track profile branch off to the outside.
Ein derartiges Verfahren ist ebenfalls bekannt aus der US-5,007,350, die ebenfalls speziell für Arbeiten im Weichenbereich ausgelegt ist. US-5,007,350 offenbart ein Verfahren zur Niveaueinstellung, Ausrichtung und Stopfung von Gleisen, nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1. Um in solchen Bereichen den Schotter effektiv zu stopfen und gleichzeitig das Stopfwerkzeug relativ zur Schiene genau in die korrekte Position zu bringen, sind auch hier die schienennahen, inneren und äußeren Stopfpickel quer zu den Schienen nach außen und innen verstellbar angeordnet.Such a method is also known from US-5,007,350, which is also designed specifically for work in the points area. US-5,007,350 discloses a method for level adjustment, alignment and clogging of tracks, according to the preamble of
Da bei den Gleisstopfmaschinen nur in den schienenahen Zonen der Schwellen Stopfpickel positioniert sind, werden auch nur diese Zonen unterstopft, die Mittenzone der Schwellen bleibt nachteiligerweise unbearbeitet, wodurch Hohlräume und Lockerungen der Schwellen im Mittenbereich enstehen können.Since the tamping machines are positioned only in the near-rail zones of the threshold stuffing tamping, only these zones are supported, the center zone of the thresholds remains disadvantageously unprocessed, which cavities and loosening of the thresholds may arise in the center region.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es demgegenüber, eine fahrbare Gleisstopfmaschine der eingangs genannten Art derart weiterzubilden, daß auch der Schotter im schienenfernen Bereich der Schwellen beim Unterstopfen verfestigt wird.The object of the invention is in contrast to further develop a mobile track tamping machine of the type mentioned in such a way that the ballast is solidified in the region of the sleepers remote from the sub-stoppers.
Diese Aufgabe wird bei dem Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß die Stopfwerkzeuge quer zu den Schienen verfahrbar sind, und daß die Stopfpickel mit zunehmendem Abstand der Stopfwerkzeuge von den Schienen mit vermindertem Stopfdruck arbeiten.This object is achieved according to the invention in the method of the type mentioned in that the stuffing tools are movable transversely to the rails, and that the tamping knives work with increasing distance of the stuffing tools from the rails with reduced stuffing pressure.
Die Vorteile der Erfindung liegen insbesondere darin, daß die Stopfwerkzeuge quer zu den Schienen verfahren werden können, so daß nicht nur die schienennahen Bereiche der Schwellen, sondern auch die von den Schienen weiter entfernt liegenden Bereiche mit Schotter unterstopft werden und daher einen verfestigten Unterbau aufweisen. Erfindungsgemäß nimmt der Stopfdruck, mit dem die Stopfpickel den Schotter verfestigen, jedoch mit zunehmendem Abstand von den Schienen ab; die schienennahen Bereiche werden daher mit einem höheren Stopfdruck unter die Schwellen gebracht, als die schienenferneren Bereich. Dadurch wird sichergestellt, daß in den Zonen starke Gewichtsbelastung und starke Lasteinleitung, nämlich unter und unmittelbar neben den Schienen, eine starke Verfestigung des Unterbaus vorliegt, daß jedoch im Bereich der Schwellenköpfe und in der Mittenzone zwischen den Schienen, wo geringere Kräfte wirken, auch nur eine geringere Verfestigung des Unterbaus erfolgt. Insgesamt ergibt sich erfindungsgemäß ein verbesserter Halt der Schwellen im Schotter. Durch den nach außen hin verringerten Stopfdruck wird jedoch verhindert, daß die Zonen geringerer Gewichts- und Lastbeanspruchung beim Stopfen nach oben gedrückt werden und dadurch den Gleisrost insgesamt lockern und/oder anheben.The advantages of the invention are in particular that the stuffing tools can be moved transversely to the rails, so that not only the rail-near areas of the thresholds, but also the areas further away from the rails areas are ballasted with gravel and therefore have a solidified substructure. However, according to the invention, the stuffing pressure with which the stuffing picks solidify the ballast decreases with increasing distance from the rails; the rail-near areas are therefore placed below the sleepers at a higher stuffing pressure than the rail-remote areas. This ensures that in the zones heavy weight loading and heavy load introduction, namely under and immediately adjacent to the rails, a strong solidification of the substructure is present, but that in the area of the threshold heads and in the middle zone between the rails, where lower forces act, even only a lower consolidation of the substructure takes place. Overall, the invention results in an improved grip of the sleepers in the ballast. However, the plug pressure reduced towards the outside prevents the zones of lesser weight and load stress from being pushed up during the plugging operation, thereby loosening and / or lifting the track grid as a whole.
Bevorzugt sind jeweils zwei Stopfwerkzeuge pro Schiene vorgesehen, die ein Stopfaggregat bilden. Die beiden Stopfwerkzeuge sind links und rechts von jeder Schiene angeordnet und lassen sich aus einer schienennahen ersten Stellung voneinander weg in eine zweite, schienenferne Stellung verfahren, in denen die Stopfpickel dann mit geringerem Stopfdruck als in der ersten Stellung arbeiten. Die pro Schiene, also pro Stopfaggregat vorgesehenen beiden Stopfwerkzeuge legen bei ihrer Bewegung bevorzugt dieselbe Strecke in einander entgegengesetzter Richtung zurück, zur Ausführung der Bewegung sind bevorzugt pneumatische oder hydraulische Antriebe vorgesehen.Preferably, two stuffing tools per rail are provided, which form a tamping unit. The two stuffing tools are arranged to the left and right of each rail and can be moved away from a rail near first position away from each other in a second, distant position, in which the tamping then work with lower stuffing pressure than in the first position. The per rail, so per tamping provided two stuffing tools preferably move in their movement the same distance in opposite directions back to the execution of the movement are preferably pneumatic or hydraulic drives provided.
Gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung läßt sich mindestens ein Stopfwerkzeug, bevorzugt jedoch auch beide Stopfwerkzeuge der Stopfaggregate von der zweiten schienenfernen Stellung in eine noch schienenfernere dritte Stellung fahren, in der die Stopfpickel mit einem Stopfdruck arbeiten, der von der ersten und/oder der zweiten Stellung verschieden ist. Bevorzugt läßt sich auch das zum Schwellenkopf liegende äußere Stopfwerkzeug über das Ende des Schwellenkopfes hinaus verfahren, anschließend um 90° drehen und vor den Schwellenkopf fahren, um dann die Schwellen mit einem einstellbaren Stopfdruck kopfseitig zu unterstopfen.In accordance with a further preferred embodiment of the invention, at least one stuffing tool, but preferably also both stuffing tools of the tamping units, can be moved from the second, remote position to a third position, which is further away from the track, in which the tamping picks operate with a stuffing pressure, which is determined by the first and / or the second position is different. Preferably, the outer stuffing tool lying opposite the threshold head can also be moved beyond the end of the sleeper head, then rotated by 90 ° and moved in front of the sleeper head, in order then to support the sleepers with an adjustable stuffing pressure at the head end.
Der Stopfdruck in der oder den schienenferneren Stellungen liegt bevorzugt zwischen 30% und 70%, insbesondere zwischen 40% und 60% desjenigen Stopfdruckes, mit welchem die Stopfpickel in der schienennahen Stellung arbeiten.The stuffing pressure in the one or more positions remote from the rail is preferably between 30% and 70%, in particular between 40% and 60% of the stuffing pressure with which the tamping knives work in the rail-near position.
Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind durch die Merkmale der Unteransprüche gekennzeichnet.Advantageous developments of the invention are characterized by the features of the subclaims.
Im folgenden wird eine Ausführungsform der Erfindung anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert. Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- eine Frontansicht eines Stopfaggregats einer Gleisstopfmaschine, gesehen in Schienenrichtung, wobei die Stopfwerkzeuge sich in der schienennahen Position befinden;
- Fig. 2
- eine der Fig. 1 entsprechende Ansicht, wobei die Stopfwerkzeuge sich in der schienenfernen Position befinden;
- Fig. 3
- eine Seitenansicht der Stopfwerkzeuge, gesehen in Schwellenlängsrichtung;
- Fig. 4
- eine schematische Darstellung der Position der Stopfpickel der Stopfwerkzeuge gemäß Fig. 1 relativ zu den Schwellen eines Gleises; und
- Fig. 5
- eine schematische Darstellung der Position der Stopfpickel der Stopfwerkzeuge gemäß Fig. 2 relativ zu den Schwelen des Gleises.
- Fig. 1
- a front view of a tamping unit of a tamping machine, seen in the rail direction, wherein the tamping tools are in the rail-near position;
- Fig. 2
- a view corresponding to Figure 1, wherein the stuffing tools are in the remote position.
- Fig. 3
- a side view of the stuffing tools, seen in the threshold longitudinal direction;
- Fig. 4
- a schematic representation of the position of the stuffing tamping the stuffing tools of Figure 1 relative to the thresholds of a track. and
- Fig. 5
- a schematic representation of the position of the stuffing tamping the stuffing tools of FIG. 2 relative to the smoldering of the track.
Die Fig. 1, 2 und 3 zeigen die Stopfaggregate 10 einer verfahrbaren Gleisstopfmaschine, gesehen in Schienenrichtung (Fig. 1, Fig. 2) und in Schwellenlängsrichtung (Fig. 3). Wie insbesondere den Fig. 1 und 2 entnehmbar ist, besitzt jedes Stopfaggregat jeweils zwei Stopfwerkzeuge 14, die jeweils links und rechts in geringem Abstand von jeder Schiene angeordnet sind. Jedes Stopfwerkzeug 14 besitzt auf beiden Seiten jeder Schwelle einander gegenüberliegende Stopfpickel 16, deren Arbeitsspitzen 17 gegen den Schotter (nicht dargestellt) gerichtet sind. Pro Schiene 4 ist also je ein Stopfaggregat 10 vorgesehen. Jedes Stopfaggregat 10 besteht aus zwei Stopfwerkzeugen 14, die links und rechts in geringem Abstand von der Schiene 4 angeordnet sind.1, 2 and 3 show the
Wie insbesondere Fig. 3 entnehmbar ist, enthält jedes Stopfwerkzeug 14 - in Schienenrichtung in geringem Abstand einander gegenüberliegend - Stopfpickel 16, die von beiden Seiten einer Schwelle 1 in den Schotter absenkbar sind und diese Schwelle 1 dann mit Schotter unterstopfen. Die Stopfpickel 16 der Stopfwerkzeuge 14 werden über Antriebe beigestellt und in eine Stopfbewegung gebracht. Die Antriebe beaufschlagen die Stopfpickel 16 mit einer Vibrierbewegung, um die Stopfwirkung zu erhöhen.As can be seen in particular from FIG. 3, each stuffing tool 14 - in the rail direction at a small distance opposite each other -
Die Fig. 4 und 5 stellen eine Aufsicht auf die Arbeitsspitzen 17 der Stopfpickel 16 dar und geben die Lage dieser Arbeitsspitzen relativ zu den Schienen und den Schwellen 1 wieder. Fig. 4 entspricht dabei der Darstellung gemäß Fig. 1; Fig. 5 entspricht der Darstellung entsprechend Fig. 2.FIGS. 4 and 5 represent a plan view of the
In den Fig. 1 und 4 sind die Stopfwerkzeuge 14 der Stopfaggregate 10 in einer ersten, schienennahen Position dargestellt. Die Stopfwerkzeuge 14 lassen sich mittels pneumatischer oder hydraulischer Antriebe (nicht dargestellt) in eine zweite, schienenferne Position verfahren, die in den Fig. 2 und 5 gezeigt ist. Dabei werden die Stopfwerkzeuge 14 jedes Stopfaggregates 10 um eine vorgegebene Wegstrecke auseinandergefahren, so daß dann der Abstand zwischen den Stopfwerkzeugen 14 zu dem betreffenden Schienenstrang 4 vergrößert ist. Das außen liegende Stopfwerkzeug nähert sich dem Schwellenkopf an, das innen liegende Stopfwerkzeug 14 bewegt sich in die Mittenzone zwischen den beiden Schienen 4. In dieser zweiten, schienenfernen Position arbeiten die Stopfpickel 14 mit einem Stopfdruck, der etwa 30% bis 70%, besonders bevorzugt 40% bis 60% des Stopfdruckes beträgt, mit dem die Stopfpickel in der schienennahen Position arbeiten. Alternativ ist jedoch in dem schienenfernen Bereich auch der Stopfdruck auf andere Werte absenkbar.In FIGS. 1 and 4, the
Claims (8)
- A method for tamping railway track, comprising the steps- moving tamping picks (16) of tamping tools (14) in a direction transverse to the rails of a track (4), said tamping picks being located opposite each other on both sides of a respective sleeper (1).- lowering the tamping picks into the ballast of a track bed,- reciprocating the tamping tools by- impinging them with a tamping pressure by means of a drive in order to tamp ballast under the sleeper (1),characterised in that the tamping picks (16) of the tamping tools are impinged with reduced tamping pressure as the distance of the tamping tools (14) from the rails (4) increases.
- A method for tamping railway track according to claim 1,
characterised in that one tamping tool is disposed on the one side and a second tamping tool is disposed on the respective other side of each rail (4), wherein the two tamping tools respectively assigned to a rail form a ballast tamping assembly (10), the tamping tools (14) of the ballast tamping assemblies (10) are moved by means of drives for moving said tamping tools from a first position close to the rail into a second position remote from the rail, and wherein the drives for reciprocating and vibrating the tamping tools are embodied so as to apply a tamping pressure to the tamping picks (16) of the tamping tools in the second position, said tamping pressure being reduced relative to the tamping pressure in the first position. - A method according to claim 1,
characterised in that the tamping tools cover the same path length when moving from the first position to the second position. - A method according to one of claims 1 or 2,
characterised in that one or both tamping tools (14) of the ballast tamping assemblies (10) is/are moved from the second position into a third position even more remote from the rail, and that the tamping picks (16) of the tamping tools are impinged in the third position with a tamping pressure that differs from the tamping pressure applied in the first position or in the second position. - A method according to one of the preceding claims,
characterised in that the tamping tool (14) of the ballast tamping assemblies (10) is moved at the sleeper head beyond the end of said sleeper head, then rotated 90° about a vertical axis and moved to a position in front of the sleeper head in order to tamp ballast under the sleepers using an adjustable tamping pressure. - A method according to one of the preceding claims,
characterised in that the drives for moving the tamping tools (14) are controlled pneumatically or hydraulically. - A method according to one of the preceding claims,
characterised in that each tamping tool has two tamping picks (16) on each side of the respective sleepers, said tamping picks being located opposite each other. - A method according to one of the preceding claims,
characterised in that the tamping picks of the tamping tools are impinged in the position(s) of the tamping tools (14) remote from the rail with a tamping pressure of between 30% and 70%, preferably between 40% and 60% of the tamping pressure with which the tamping picks are impinged when in the position close to the rail.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19932793A DE19932793C2 (en) | 1999-07-14 | 1999-07-14 | Process for consolidating ballast under the sleepers of rails |
| DE19932793 | 1999-07-14 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1069240A1 EP1069240A1 (en) | 2001-01-17 |
| EP1069240B1 true EP1069240B1 (en) | 2007-05-30 |
Family
ID=7914673
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP00114220A Expired - Lifetime EP1069240B1 (en) | 1999-07-14 | 2000-07-03 | Tamping process |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1069240B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE363563T1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE19932793C2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2268332C2 (en) * | 2003-05-22 | 2006-01-20 | Открытое Акционерное Общество "Российские Железные Дороги" | Tie-tamping set |
| RU2245954C1 (en) * | 2003-09-22 | 2005-02-10 | Государственное унитарное предприятие "Калужский завод "Ремпутьмаш" | Tie-tamping unit |
| CH699356B1 (en) * | 2005-06-29 | 2010-02-26 | Scheuchzer Sa | Grinding machine and to consolidate the position of a railway track. |
| CN111513938B (en) * | 2020-03-23 | 2021-07-20 | 北汽福田汽车股份有限公司 | Wheelchair lifter, method applied to wheelchair lifter and vehicle |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE948514C (en) * | 1954-02-14 | 1956-09-06 | Wilhelm Waesche | Formation of the tamping plates in track tamping machines |
| EP0416193A1 (en) * | 1989-03-10 | 1991-03-13 | Franz Plasser Bahnbaumaschinen-Industriegesellschaft m.b.H. | Railway track tamping, levelling and lining machine with laterally adjustable tamping units |
| AT400337B (en) * | 1990-05-02 | 1995-12-27 | Plasser Bahnbaumasch Franz | TRACKING MACHINE WITH STAMPING UNITS ADJUSTABLE IN THE TRACK DIRECTION |
-
1999
- 1999-07-14 DE DE19932793A patent/DE19932793C2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2000
- 2000-07-03 DE DE50014360T patent/DE50014360D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-07-03 AT AT00114220T patent/ATE363563T1/en active
- 2000-07-03 EP EP00114220A patent/EP1069240B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE50014360D1 (en) | 2007-07-12 |
| EP1069240A1 (en) | 2001-01-17 |
| DE19932793A1 (en) | 2001-02-01 |
| ATE363563T1 (en) | 2007-06-15 |
| DE19932793C2 (en) | 2001-11-08 |
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