EP1068429B1 - Steam turbine - Google Patents

Steam turbine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1068429B1
EP1068429B1 EP99924784A EP99924784A EP1068429B1 EP 1068429 B1 EP1068429 B1 EP 1068429B1 EP 99924784 A EP99924784 A EP 99924784A EP 99924784 A EP99924784 A EP 99924784A EP 1068429 B1 EP1068429 B1 EP 1068429B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
flow
steam
steam turbine
guidance element
flow guidance
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EP99924784A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1068429A1 (en
Inventor
Matthias Geiger
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01KSTEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K11/00Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers
    • F01K11/02Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers the engines being turbines
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/30Exhaust heads, chambers, or the like

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a steam turbine with one along an axis of rotation of an inlet area and one Exhaust area for steam extending flow channel for Steam, which flow channel faces the exhaust steam area an outlet opening expanded with an outlet diameter.
  • a steam turbine is typically used in a power plant to drive a generator and to generate superheated steam or in an industrial plant to drive a work machine used.
  • the steam turbine is called Flow medium serving steam supplied, which is under rendering relaxed work.
  • the steam can be expanded via an evaporation housing the steam turbine in a downstream condenser flow in and condense there.
  • a corresponding one Exhaust steam can flow axially or radially.
  • a steam turbine plant is usually provided for energy, which is a high pressure steam turbine, a medium pressure steam turbine and has a low pressure steam turbine which are connected to each other in terms of flow.
  • the Indian Low pressure steam turbine expanded steam becomes a condenser fed and condensed in this.
  • the efficiency Such a steam turbine plant is used by a large number determined by parameters, in particular the efficiency due to flow resistances occurring in the steam turbine system limited.
  • EP 0 345 700 A1 describes an outlet housing of a turbomachine, especially a steam turbine, indicated for reduction of energy losses due to eddies and detachments of the steam flow.
  • the outlet housing has a circular shape Diffuser on, at the extended end of two separate outflow channels are connected.
  • the rear one from the back of the case limited outflow channel runs straight and crosswise to the machine longitudinal axis.
  • the front outflow channel is over one running against the direction of flow in the diffuser Arch section guided and runs parallel downwards to the rear outflow channel. Both flow channels are separated from each other by a partition.
  • In the back Outflow channel is a spanning the entire width of the channel extending rear sloping wall at the bottom of the diffuser arranged from the diffuser to the partition enough.
  • a device for removing the propellant from axial turbines is disclosed in CH-326 301 A.
  • the propellant discharge space evaporation nozzle
  • an annular diffuser is connected upstream from the flows in the radial direction deflected propellant becomes.
  • the pressure in the last turbine stage can therefore be below the outflow pressure is reduced and pressure losses in this way be reduced in the outflow area.
  • the invention has for its object a steam turbine to be specified at which low flow losses occur.
  • a steam turbine which one extends along an axis of rotation and from an inlet area to an exhaust area for steam towards an outlet opening with an outlet diameter for Evaporation area has expanded flow channel solved that a flow guide assigned to the outlet opening provided for steam flowing out of the outlet opening is, which is the one hand on the outlet diameter out and on the other hand along an outflow direction in an outflow area, wherein the flow guide widened or substantially along the outflow direction has a constant width so that steam is on both sides the flow guide is feasible and downstream of the The steam is mixed, wherein the flow guide on an outer housing which borders an inner housing surrounding the flow channel surrounds.
  • the invention is based on the knowledge that at the Outlet opening of the expanded flow channel (axial-radial diffuser) there is an areal static pressure; which is larger than an area-based static Pressure further downstream, especially at an inflow level Condenser (condenser neck). This is a high Pressure loss before, which is particularly due to strong turbulence the flow arises which is caused by eddies becomes.
  • eddies can arise from the fact that Steam from the outlet opening on the one hand radially downwards and on the other hand is deflected radially upwards, the radial steam deflected upwards further deflected downwards and with the one that was already diverted downwards Steam flows together.
  • the steam first deflected upwards can be divided into two steam streams that flow downwards swirling and forming a vortex each. The origin of these pegs is above the outer one Inner housing that surrounds the flow channel.
  • the flow control element which flows on both sides Steam flows around, preferably extends only partially in the direction of the outflow into the outflow area, so that a mixing area downstream of the flow guiding element down to the inflow level of the condenser remains, ensuring adequate mixing and leveling the total steam flow is reached.
  • On the inflow plane of the condenser is therefore uniform Inflow before, which is a small load on the capacitor guaranteed.
  • the flow guide element extends completely here across the width of that formed by the outer housing Cross-section. This effectively mixes steam falling down at the top and steam flowing down Steam over the existing between the outer casing and inner casing Cross section avoided. A mixture of the in the Vortex braids from the downward flow of steam with the is thus immediately downward steam flow relocated to a further downstream area, whereby a Reduction in pressure loss is achieved.
  • a flow guide element assigned to the outlet opening is an equalization of the mass flow density distribution and a reduction in the vortex strength, especially in the area the mixing of the immediately flowing down Steam and the steam deflected from above.
  • This causes a reduction in pressure losses when flowing out of steam from the outlet opening into the evaporation area and thus contributes to an increase in the efficiency of the steam turbine at.
  • the outflow area which for example between the outlet opening and the inflow plane of a condenser is thus formed only downstream of the flow guiding element mixing of the steam flow is achieved.
  • This Mixing causes up to the inflow level of the condenser also an equalization of the steam flow, which leads to a uniform inflow and loading of the capacitor leads, especially of capacitor plates.
  • the flow guide element preferably extends along an outflow direction with constant width or widened along this outflow direction, especially with increasing Distance from the axis of rotation.
  • the flow control element is preferably geodesic below the axis of rotation arranged thereby effectively guiding the flow of the escaping steam is reached.
  • the steam turbine is preferably in a horizontal axis of rotation comprehensive level divisible and points in this Level a parting line.
  • the flow guide element is opposite to the axis of rotation preferably by a leading angle in the range between 70 ° and 110 °, in particular inclined between 85 ° and 95 °.
  • the flow guide element is inclined at an angle of approximately 90 °, i.e. it is axis normal to the axis of rotation. hereby is the influence of the vortex braids below the parting line the outflow of the widened flow channel (Diffuser) reduced steam flowing down. Consequently is also the formation of a shear flow between the immediate downward flowing steam and the first after the steam flowing out above is laid further downstream, with a corresponding Reduction of flow losses.
  • the flow guiding element is preferably immediately adjacent the outlet opening, whereby the flowing out of the outlet opening Steam after exiting the outlet through the Flow guide is guided. A mix and swirl of steam due to a spacing between the outlet opening and the flow guide element is thereby safely prevented.
  • the flow guide element is preferably essentially just what with the flow guide and for example an outer casing of the steam turbine with a flow channel flat walls is formed. It is also possible that Flow guide element with a curved surface accordingly the desired guidance of the steam for further reduction of flow losses.
  • the concrete form the flow guiding element can be determined by experiments as well determine three-dimensional flow calculations.
  • the flow guiding element is preferably made of sheet metal manufactured. This is a particularly simple constructive one Design of the flow guide, which it for example also allowed afterwards as part of maintenance work equip a steam turbine with a flow control element.
  • the flow guide element is preferably on the outer housing attached. This is one of a long-term stable Attachment of the flow guide also a stiffener of the outer casing of the steam turbine in the exhaust steam area.
  • the steam turbine is preferably as a low pressure steam turbine executed, which in particular executed two-flow is.
  • the flow guide element preferably serves to guide the flow towards a capacitor.
  • FIGS. 1 to 3 each have the same Importance.
  • Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of a low pressure steam turbine 1, which is carried out in two flows. She points a turbine shaft extending along an axis of rotation 2 7 on. In a middle area of the low pressure steam turbine 1 an inlet area 3 for steam 5 is provided, which steam 5 in particular via a not shown Overflow line from a medium-pressure steam turbine, also not shown flows in. On both sides and symmetrically the inlet area 3 extends along the axis of rotation 2 each have a flow channel 6 which is between the turbine shaft 7 and an inner casing surrounding the turbine shaft 7 11 is formed. In each flow channel 6 are alternating in series a plurality of guide vanes 16 and blades 15 arranged.
  • the flow channel 6 widens from the inlet area 3 along the axis of rotation 2 to an evaporation area 4. Assigned to the evaporation area 4 the flow channel 6 has an outlet opening 8. Geodesically below the outlet opening 8 is a flow guide element 10 arranged, which is in a plane that is perpendicular or slightly inclined (up to 15 °, preferably up to 5 °) to the Axis of rotation 2 is along along an outflow direction 14 extends below.
  • the inner housing 11 is of an outer housing Surround 12, which has a boundary for the evaporation area 4 forms and the flow deflection and guidance of the the outlet opening 8 escaping steam 5 is used. Outside of the outer housing 12, the turbine shaft 7 is on corresponding Bearings 17 not explained in more detail.
  • a capacitor 13 for Condensation of the steam 5 arranged below the outer housing 12 .
  • This capacitor 13 has a capacitor housing 21, shown schematically a large number of cooling tubes 18 are arranged, through the cooling liquid during the operation of the condenser 13, especially cooling water flows.
  • a condensate drain 22 is arranged below the cooling tubes 18 , in which the Operation of the condenser on the outside of the cooling tubes 18 formed condensate drips.
  • the capacitor 13 is in each case an open at the bottom, after above formed by walls inclined like a roof Air cooler 19 is provided.
  • Each air cooler 19 is included one from his ridge suction line 20 with a Vacuum pump not shown connected.
  • the steam 5 flows through the Flow channel 6. After exiting the outlet opening 8 in into the evaporation area 4, a partial flow of the steam 5 becomes led upwards and a further partial flow downwards.
  • the upward partial flow is above the outlet opening 8 deflected downwards and flows in an unspecified Outflow area 4A downstream of the two flow guide elements 10 in the capacitor 13.
  • the partial stream of steam flowing upwards 5 is particularly at the apex of the inner housing 11 each split into two steam streams. This split Steam flows swirl and form one Vortex braid from the vertex of the inner housing 11 to in the area of the respective flow guide element 10 extends.
  • Each flow control element 10 creates a spatial separation this vortex braid with the one straight out of the outlet opening 8 downward flowing steam 5 reached. hereby the training in the area of the flow guide elements 10 a shear flow between the vertebrae and the immediate one prevents downward flowing steam 5, whereby a reduction in pressure loss when flowing into the Capacitor 13 is reached.
  • the outlet opening 8 has one circular cross section with an outlet diameter 9 on.
  • the steam turbine 1 is with respect to a horizontal plane 23, in which the axis of rotation 2 lies divisible.
  • the flow guide element 10 is geodetically below this Horizontal plane 23 arranged and expanded in the outflow direction 14 with increasing distance from the horizontal plane 23. It is also possible for the flow guiding element 10 in the outflow direction at least partially or predominantly has a constant width. It can also continue only at a distance from the horizontal plane 23 to the outlet opening 8 connect.
  • the flow guide element 10 encloses semicircular the outlet opening 8 to the horizontal plane 23 approaches and widens up to the outer housing 12. It is firmly connected to the outer housing 12, for example screwed or welded. This makes both Stiffening of the outer housing 12 in the evaporation area 4 as well a permanent attachment of the flow guide segment 10 is achieved.
  • FIG. 3 shows a section of the evaporation area 4 in the direction to the capacitor 13 geodetically below the axis of rotation 2 shown.
  • the flow of steam 5 is shown by arrows, wherein the length of the arrows is a measure of the flow velocity the steam 5 represents. It can be seen that the behind the last blade 15, steam escaping 5 in the evaporation area 4 is deflected downwards by approx. 90 ° and is braked at the same time.
  • To redirect the steam 5 is both an extension of the inner housing 11 and a corresponding configuration of the outer housing 12 intended. At the extension of the inner housing 11 closes the flow guide element 10, whereby between the flow guide element 10 and outer housing 12 a channel area for the steam 5 thus deflected is formed.
  • the flow control element 10 is opposite the axis of rotation 2 by a leading angle ⁇ inclined, which is preferably in the range between 70 ° and 110 °, in the case shown is about 90 °. geodesic below the flow guide element 10, the flow of the downward deflected steam 5 with the flow of the first upwards and then downwards deflected steam 5 together. The interaction of these two partial flows with one another by the arrangement of the guide segment 10 compared to the case, in which no flow guide element 10 is provided, clearly reduced. This will also form a Shear flow at least significantly reduced and therefore one Reduction in pressure loss achieved.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Dampfturbine mit einem sich entlang einer Rotationsachse von einem Einlaßbereich und einem Abdampfbereich für Dampf erstreckenden Strömungskanal für Dampf, welcher Strömungskanal sich zum Abdampfbereich hin zu einer Auslaßöffnung mit einem Auslaßdurchmesser erweitert.The invention relates to a steam turbine with one along an axis of rotation of an inlet area and one Exhaust area for steam extending flow channel for Steam, which flow channel faces the exhaust steam area an outlet opening expanded with an outlet diameter.

Eine Dampfturbine wird üblicherweise in einer Kraftwerkanlage zum Antrieb eines Generators sowie zur Erzeugung von Heißdampf oder in einer Industrieanlage zum Antrieb einer Arbeitsmaschine eingesetzt. Hierzu wird der Dampfturbine als Strömungsmedium dienender Dampf zugeführt, der sich unter Erbringung einer Arbeitsleistung entspannt. Nach einer vollständigen Entspannung des Dampfes kann dieser über ein Abdampfgehäuse der Dampfturbine in einen nachgeschalteten Kondensator einströmen und dort kondensieren. Ein entsprechendes Abdampfgehäuse kann dabei axial oder radial durchströmt werden. In einer Kraftwerksanlage zur Erzeugung elektrischer Energie ist üblicherweise eine Dampfturbinenanlage vorgesehen, welche eine Hochdruck-Dampfturbine, eine Mitteldruck-Dampfturbine und eine Niederdruck-Dampfturbine aufweist, die strömungstechnisch einander nachgeschaltet sind. Der in der Niederdruck-Dampfturbine entspannte Dampf wird einem Kondensator zugeführt und in diesem kondensiert. Der Wirkungsgrad einer derartigen Dampfturbinenanlage wird von einer Vielzahl von Parametern bestimmt, insbesondere ist der Wirkungsgrad durch in der Dampfturbinenanlage auftretende Strömungswiderstände beschränkt.A steam turbine is typically used in a power plant to drive a generator and to generate superheated steam or in an industrial plant to drive a work machine used. For this, the steam turbine is called Flow medium serving steam supplied, which is under rendering relaxed work. After a full The steam can be expanded via an evaporation housing the steam turbine in a downstream condenser flow in and condense there. A corresponding one Exhaust steam can flow axially or radially. In a power plant for the generation of electrical A steam turbine plant is usually provided for energy, which is a high pressure steam turbine, a medium pressure steam turbine and has a low pressure steam turbine which are connected to each other in terms of flow. The Indian Low pressure steam turbine expanded steam becomes a condenser fed and condensed in this. The efficiency Such a steam turbine plant is used by a large number determined by parameters, in particular the efficiency due to flow resistances occurring in the steam turbine system limited.

In der EP 0 345 700 A1 ist ein Auslaßgehäuse einer Strömungsmaschine, insbesondere einer Dampfturbine, angegeben zur Verminderung von Energieverlusten durch Wirbel und Ablösungen des Dampfstromes. Das Auslaßgehäuse weist einen kreisförmigen Diffusor auf, an dessen erweiterten Ende zwei separate Abströmkanäle angeschlossen sind. Der hintere von der Gehäuserückwand begrenzte Abströmkanal verläuft geradlinig und quer zur Maschinenlängsachse. Der vordere Abströmkanal ist über einen entgegen der Strömungsrichtung im Diffusor verlaufenden Bogenabschnitt geführt und verläuft nach unten hin parallel zu dem hinteren Abströmkanal. Beide Strömungskanäle sind durch eine Trennwand voneinander getrennt. In dem hinteren Abströmkanal ist eine sich über die gesamte Breite des Kanals erstreckende hintere schräge Wand am unteren Rand des Diffusor angeordnet, die von dem Diffusor bis zur Trennwand reicht. In dem Auslaßgehäuse der EP 0 345 700 A1 erfolgt eine Teilung des aus der Dampfturbine austretenden Dampfes in zwei Teildampfströme, die durch eine Trennwand getrennt sind und unabhängig voneinander in einen Kondensator geführt werden.EP 0 345 700 A1 describes an outlet housing of a turbomachine, especially a steam turbine, indicated for reduction of energy losses due to eddies and detachments of the steam flow. The outlet housing has a circular shape Diffuser on, at the extended end of two separate outflow channels are connected. The rear one from the back of the case limited outflow channel runs straight and crosswise to the machine longitudinal axis. The front outflow channel is over one running against the direction of flow in the diffuser Arch section guided and runs parallel downwards to the rear outflow channel. Both flow channels are separated from each other by a partition. In the back Outflow channel is a spanning the entire width of the channel extending rear sloping wall at the bottom of the diffuser arranged from the diffuser to the partition enough. One takes place in the outlet housing of EP 0 345 700 A1 Division of the steam emerging from the steam turbine into two Partial steam flows, which are separated by a partition and can be fed independently into a capacitor.

Eine Vorrichtung zur Abführung des Treibmittels von Axialturbinen ist in der CH-326 301 A offenbart. Hierbei wird ein großer Teil der Geschwindigkeitsenergie des Treibmittels in Druckenergie umgesetzt, indem bei der Vorrichtung, bei der das aus dem letzten Laufschaufelkranz austretende Treibmittel aus der axialen in eine im Mittel radiale Strömungsrichtung umgelenkt wird, dem Treibmittelabführungsraum (Abdampfstutzen) ein ringförmiger Diffusor vorgeschaltet ist, der von dem in die radiale Richtung umglenkten Treibmittel durchströmt wird. Der Druck in der letzten Turbinenstufe kann somit unter den Ausströmungsdruck gesenkt und auf diese Weise Druckverluste im Abströmbereich reduziert werden.A device for removing the propellant from axial turbines is disclosed in CH-326 301 A. Here is a much of the speed energy of the propellant in Pressure energy implemented by the device in which the propellant emerging from the last blade ring from the axial to an average radial flow direction is diverted, the propellant discharge space (evaporation nozzle) an annular diffuser is connected upstream from the flows in the radial direction deflected propellant becomes. The pressure in the last turbine stage can therefore be below the outflow pressure is reduced and pressure losses in this way be reduced in the outflow area.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Dampfturbine anzugeben, bei der geringe Strömungsverluste auftreten.The invention has for its object a steam turbine to be specified at which low flow losses occur.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß bei einer Dampfturbine, .welche einen sich entlang einer Rotationsachse erstreckenden und von einem Einlaßbereich zu einem Abdampfbereich für Dampf sich zu einer Auslaßöffnung mit einem Auslaßdurchmesser zum Abdampfbereich erweiterten Strömungskanal aufweist dadurch gelöst, daß ein der Auslaßöffnung zugeordnetes Strömungsleitelement für aus der Auslaßöffnung ausströmenden Dampf vorgesehen ist, welches sich einerseits über den Auslaßdurchmesser hinaus und sich andererseits entlang einer Abströmrichtung in einen Abströmbereich erstreckt, wobei das Strömungsleitelement sich entlang der Abströmrichtung verbreitert oder im wesentlichen eine konstante Breite aufweist, so daß Dampf beidseitig des Strömungsleitelementes führbar ist und stromab des Strömungsleitelementes eine Durchmischung des Dampfes erfolgt, wobei das Strömungsleitelement an einem Außengehäuse an grenzt, welches ein den Strömungskanal umgebendes Innengehäuse umgibt.This object is achieved according to the invention in a steam turbine, .which one extends along an axis of rotation and from an inlet area to an exhaust area for steam towards an outlet opening with an outlet diameter for Evaporation area has expanded flow channel solved that a flow guide assigned to the outlet opening provided for steam flowing out of the outlet opening is, which is the one hand on the outlet diameter out and on the other hand along an outflow direction in an outflow area, wherein the flow guide widened or substantially along the outflow direction has a constant width so that steam is on both sides the flow guide is feasible and downstream of the The steam is mixed, wherein the flow guide on an outer housing which borders an inner housing surrounding the flow channel surrounds.

Die Erfindung geht hierbei von der Erkenntnis aus, daß an der Auslaßöffnung des sich erweiterten Strömungskanals (Axial-Radial-Diffusor) ein flächengemittelter statischer Druck vorliegt; der größer ist als ein flächengemittelter statischer Druck weiter stromab, insbesondere an einer Einströmebene eines Kondensators (Kondensatorhals). Hierdurch liegt ein hoher Druckverlust vor, welcher insbesondere durch eine starke Verwirbelung der Strömung entsteht, welche durch Wirbel hervorgerufen wird. Solche Wirbel können dadurch entstehen, daß Dampf aus der Auslaßöffnung einerseits radial nach unten und andererseits radial nach oben umgelenkt wird, wobei der radial nach oben umgelenkte Dampf weiter nach unten umgelenkt wird und mit dem ursprünglich bereits nach unten umgelenkten Dampf zusammenströmt. Der zuerst nach oben umgelenkte Dampf kann in zwei Dampfströme geteilt werden, die nach unten strömen und dabei verwirbeln und jeweils einen Wirbelzopf bilden. Der Ursprung dieser Wirbelzöpfe liegt oberhalb des äußeren Innengehäuses, welches den Strömungskanal umgibt.The invention is based on the knowledge that at the Outlet opening of the expanded flow channel (axial-radial diffuser) there is an areal static pressure; which is larger than an area-based static Pressure further downstream, especially at an inflow level Condenser (condenser neck). This is a high Pressure loss before, which is particularly due to strong turbulence the flow arises which is caused by eddies becomes. Such eddies can arise from the fact that Steam from the outlet opening on the one hand radially downwards and on the other hand is deflected radially upwards, the radial steam deflected upwards further deflected downwards and with the one that was already diverted downwards Steam flows together. The steam first deflected upwards can be divided into two steam streams that flow downwards swirling and forming a vortex each. The origin of these pegs is above the outer one Inner housing that surrounds the flow channel.

Das Strömungsleitelement, welches beidseitig von abströmendem Dampf umströmt wird, erstreckt sich vorzugsweise nur teilweise in Richtung der Abströmrichtung in den Abströmbereich hinein, so daß stromab des Strömungsleitelementes ein Vermischungsbereich bis hin zu der Einströmebene des Kondensators verbleibt, wodurch eine ausreichende Durchmischung und Vergleichmäßigung der gesamten Dampfströmung erreicht wird. An der Einströmebene des Kondensators liegt somit eine gleichmäßige Zuströmung vor, welche eine geringe Belastung des Kondensators gewährleistet.The flow control element, which flows on both sides Steam flows around, preferably extends only partially in the direction of the outflow into the outflow area, so that a mixing area downstream of the flow guiding element down to the inflow level of the condenser remains, ensuring adequate mixing and leveling the total steam flow is reached. On the inflow plane of the condenser is therefore uniform Inflow before, which is a small load on the capacitor guaranteed.

Das Strömungsleitelement erstreckt sich hierbei vollständig über die Breite des von dem Außengehäuse gebildeten Querschnitt. Hierdurch ist wirksam eine Durchmischung von oben herunterfallendem Dampf mit dem nach unten abstömenden Dampf über den zwischen Außengehäuse und Innengehäuse vorliegenden Querschnitt vermieden. Eine Durchmischung der in den Wirbelzöpfen von oben heruntergeführten Dampfströmung mit der unmittelbar nach unten austretenden Dampfströmung ist somit an einen weiter stromabliegenden Bereich verlegt, wodurch eine Verringerung von Druckverlusten erreicht ist.The flow guide element extends completely here across the width of that formed by the outer housing Cross-section. This effectively mixes steam falling down at the top and steam flowing down Steam over the existing between the outer casing and inner casing Cross section avoided. A mixture of the in the Vortex braids from the downward flow of steam with the is thus immediately downward steam flow relocated to a further downstream area, whereby a Reduction in pressure loss is achieved.

Durch ein der Auslaßöffnung zugeordnetes Strömungsleitelement ist eine Vergleichmäßigung der Massenstromdichteverteilung und eine Reduzierung der Wirbelstärke, insbesondere im Bereich der Vermischung des unmittelbar nach unten abströmenden Dampfes und des von oben umgelenkten Dampfes ermöglicht. Dies bewirkt eine Verringerung der Druckverluste beim Ausströmen von Dampf aus der Auslaßöffnung in den Abdampfbereich hinein und trägt somit zu einer Wirkungsgraderhöhung der Dampfturbine bei. In dem Abströmbereich, welcher beispielsweise zwischen der Auslaßöffnung und der Einströmebene eines Kondensators gebildet ist, wird somit erst stromab des Strömungsleitelementes eine Durchmischung der Dampfströmung erzielt. Diese Durchmischung bewirkt bis zu der Einströmebene des Kondensators hin auch eine Vergleichmäßigung der Dampfströmung, was zu einer gleichmäßigen Zuströmung und Belastung des Kondensators führt, insbesondere von Kondensatorblechen. Hierdurch wird die Tropfschlagbelastung in dem Kondensator und eine erhöhte Belastung durch nicht durchmischte Dampfteilströme mit unterschiedlichen Strömungsgeschwindigkeiten (Dampfjets) verringert. In dem Abströmbereich wird somit unmittelbar im Anschluß an die Auslaßöffnung eine Durchmischung des von oben abströmenden Dampfes und des von unten abströmenden Dampfes zumindest deutlich verringert und gleichzeitig stromab des Strömungsleitelementes eine Vergleichmäßigung der gesamten abströmenden Dampfströmung erzielt, so daß in dem Abströmbereich stromab des Strömungsleitelementes eine Verringerung von Reibungsverlusten, wie sie beispielsweise bei separaten Abströmkanälen auftreten, erzielt wird.Through a flow guide element assigned to the outlet opening is an equalization of the mass flow density distribution and a reduction in the vortex strength, especially in the area the mixing of the immediately flowing down Steam and the steam deflected from above. This causes a reduction in pressure losses when flowing out of steam from the outlet opening into the evaporation area and thus contributes to an increase in the efficiency of the steam turbine at. In the outflow area, which for example between the outlet opening and the inflow plane of a condenser is thus formed only downstream of the flow guiding element mixing of the steam flow is achieved. This Mixing causes up to the inflow level of the condenser also an equalization of the steam flow, which leads to a uniform inflow and loading of the capacitor leads, especially of capacitor plates. hereby the drip impact load in the condenser and an increased load due to non-mixed partial steam flows with different flow rates (Steam jets) decreased. In the outflow area is thus immediate after the outlet opening a thorough mixing of the steam flowing out from above and that flowing out from below Steam at least significantly reduced and at the same time downstream of the flow guide an equalization of total outflowing steam flow achieved so that in the Outflow area downstream of the flow guiding element a reduction of friction losses, such as in separate outflow channels occur.

Das Strömungsleitelement erstreckt sich vorzugsweise entlang einer Abströmrichtung mit konstanter Breite oder verbreitert sich entlang dieser Abströmrichtung, insbesondere mit zunehmenden Abstand von der Rotationsachse. Durch eine konstante Breite oder eine Verbreiterung des Strömungsleitelementes mit zunehmenden Abstand von der Rotationsachse wird die Durchmischung des ursprünglich nach oben geführten Dampfes und des unmittelbar nach unten umgelenkten Dampfes im Erstreckungsbereich des Strömungsleitelementes verringert, so daß hierdurch auch der Druckverlust verringert wird. Das Strömungsleitelement ist vorzugsweise geodätisch unterhalb der Rotationsachse angeordnet wodurch eine effektive Führung der Strömung des nach unten austretenden Dampfes erreicht ist. Die Dampfturbine ist hierbei vorzugsweise in einer horizontalen, die Rotationsachse umfassenden Ebene teilbar und weist in dieser Ebene eine Teilfuge auf.The flow guide element preferably extends along an outflow direction with constant width or widened along this outflow direction, especially with increasing Distance from the axis of rotation. By a constant Width or a widening of the flow guide with The mixing becomes increasing distance from the axis of rotation of the steam originally led upwards and the directly deflected steam in the extension area of the flow guide element reduced, so that this the pressure loss is also reduced. The flow control element is preferably geodesic below the axis of rotation arranged thereby effectively guiding the flow of the escaping steam is reached. The steam turbine is preferably in a horizontal axis of rotation comprehensive level divisible and points in this Level a parting line.

Das Strömungsleitelement ist gegenüber der Rotationsachse vorzugsweise um einen Leitwinkel im Bereich zwischen 70° und 110°, insbesondere zwischen 85° und 95° geneigt. Vorzugsweise ist das Strömungsleitelement um einen Winkel von etwa 90° geneigt, d.h. es ist achsnormal zur Rotationsachse. Hierdurch ist unterhalb der Teilfuge der Einfluß der Wirbelzöpfe auf die Abströmung des aus dem sich erweiterten Strömungskanals (Diffusor) nach unten abströmenden Dampfes reduziert. Somit ist auch die Ausbildung einer Scherströmung zwischen dem unmittelbar nach unten abströmenden Dampf und dem zuerst nach oben abströmenden Dampf weiter stromab gelegt, mit einer entsprechenden Reduzierung von Strömungsverlusten.The flow guide element is opposite to the axis of rotation preferably by a leading angle in the range between 70 ° and 110 °, in particular inclined between 85 ° and 95 °. Preferably the flow guide element is inclined at an angle of approximately 90 °, i.e. it is axis normal to the axis of rotation. hereby is the influence of the vortex braids below the parting line the outflow of the widened flow channel (Diffuser) reduced steam flowing down. Consequently is also the formation of a shear flow between the immediate downward flowing steam and the first after the steam flowing out above is laid further downstream, with a corresponding Reduction of flow losses.

Das Strömungsleitelement grenzt vorzugsweise unmittelbar an die Auslaßöffnung an, wodurch der aus der Auslaßöffnung ausströmende Dampf nach Austritt aus der Auslaßöffnung durch das Strömungsleitelement geführt wird. Eine Vermischung und Verwirbelung des Dampfes aufgrund einer Beabstandung zwischen der Auslaßöffnung und dem Strömungsleitelement ist dadurch sicher verhindert.The flow guiding element is preferably immediately adjacent the outlet opening, whereby the flowing out of the outlet opening Steam after exiting the outlet through the Flow guide is guided. A mix and swirl of steam due to a spacing between the outlet opening and the flow guide element is thereby safely prevented.

Das Strömungsleitelement ist vorzugsweise im wesentlichen eben, wodurch mit dem Strömungsleitelement und beispielsweise einem Außengehäuse der Dampfturbine ein Strömungskanal mit ebenen Wänden gebildet ist. Es ist ebenfalls möglich das Strömungsleitelement mit einer gewölbten Oberfläche entsprechend der gewünschten Führung des Dampfes zur weiteren Reduzierung von Strömungsverlusten auszuführen. Die konkrete Form des Strömungsleitelementes läßt sich durch Experimente sowie dreidimensionaler Strömungsberechnungen bestimmen.The flow guide element is preferably essentially just what with the flow guide and for example an outer casing of the steam turbine with a flow channel flat walls is formed. It is also possible that Flow guide element with a curved surface accordingly the desired guidance of the steam for further reduction of flow losses. The concrete form the flow guiding element can be determined by experiments as well determine three-dimensional flow calculations.

Vorzugsweise ist das Strömungsleitelement aus einem Blech hergestellt. Dies ist eine besonders einfache konstruktive Gestaltung des Strömungsleitelementes, welche es beispielsweise auch erlaubt nachträglich im Rahmen von Wartungsarbeiten eine Dampfturbine mit einem Strömungsleitelement auszurüsten. The flow guiding element is preferably made of sheet metal manufactured. This is a particularly simple constructive one Design of the flow guide, which it for example also allowed afterwards as part of maintenance work equip a steam turbine with a flow control element.

Das Strömungsleitelement ist vorzugsweise an dem Außengehäuse befestigt. Hierdurch ist eine neben einer langzeitstabilen Befestigung des Strömungsleitelementes auch eine Versteifung des Außengehäuses der Dampfturbine im Abdampfbereich erreicht.The flow guide element is preferably on the outer housing attached. This is one of a long-term stable Attachment of the flow guide also a stiffener of the outer casing of the steam turbine in the exhaust steam area.

Die Dampfturbine ist vorzugsweise als eine Niederdruck-Dampfturbine ausgeführt, welche insbesondere zweiflutig ausgeführt ist. Das Strömungsleitelement dient bevorzugt der Strömungsführung zu einem Kondensator hin.The steam turbine is preferably as a low pressure steam turbine executed, which in particular executed two-flow is. The flow guide element preferably serves to guide the flow towards a capacitor.

Anhand der in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele wird die Dampfturbine mit dem Strömungsleitelement näher erläutert. Es zeigen teilweise nicht maßstäblich und zur Erläuterung schematisiert dargestellt

FIG 1
einen Längsschnitt durch eine Niederdruck-Dampfturbine mit einem Kondensator,
FIG 2
einen Querschnitt durch einen Abdampfbereich einer Niederdruck-Dampfturbine und
FIG 3
einen Ausschnitt durch einen Längsschnitt eines Abdampfbereiches einer Niederdruck-Dampfturbine.
The steam turbine with the flow guiding element is explained in more detail using the exemplary embodiments shown in the drawing. Some of them do not show to scale and are shown schematically for explanation
FIG. 1
a longitudinal section through a low pressure steam turbine with a condenser,
FIG 2
a cross section through an exhaust area of a low pressure steam turbine and
FIG 3
a section through a longitudinal section of an exhaust steam area of a low pressure steam turbine.

Die Bezugszeichen in den FIG 1 bis 3 haben jeweils die gleiche Bedeutung. The reference numerals in FIGS. 1 to 3 each have the same Importance.

In FIG 1 ist in einem Längsschnitt eine Niederdruck-Dampfturbine 1 dargestellt, die zweiflutig ausgeführt ist. Sie weist eine sich entlang einer Rotationsachse 2 erstreckende Turbinenwelle 7 auf. In einem Mittelbereich der Niederdruck-Dampfturbine 1 ist ein Einlaßbereich 3 für Dampf 5 vorgesehen, welcher Dampf 5 insbesondere über eine nicht dargestellte Überströmleitung von einer ebenfalls nicht dargestellten Mitteldruck-Dampfturbine zuströmt. Beidseitig und symmetrisch zu dem Einlaßbereich 3 erstreckt sich entlang der Rotationsachse 2 jeweils ein Strömungskanal 6 welcher zwischen der Turbinenwelle 7 und einem die Turbinenwelle 7 umgebenden Innengehäuse 11 gebildet ist. In jedem Strömungskanal 6 sind alternierend hintereinander eine Mehrzahl von Leitschaufeln 16 und Laufschaufeln 15 angeordnet. Der Strömungskanal 6 erweitert sich von dem Einlaßbereich 3 entlang der Rotationsachse 2 hin zu einem Abdampfbereich 4. Dem Abdampfbereich 4 zugeordnet weist der Strömungskanal 6 eine Auslaßöffnung 8 auf. Geodätisch unterhalb der Auslaßöffnung 8 ist ein Strömungsleitelement 10 angeordnet, welches sich in einer Ebene, die senkrecht oder leicht geneigt (bis zu 15°, vorzugsweise bis zu 5°) zu der Rotationsachse 2 ist, entlang einer Abströmrichtung 14 nach unten erstreckt. Das Innengehäuse 11 ist von einem Außengehäuse 12 umgeben, welches eine Berandung für den Abdampfbereich 4 bildet und der Strömungsumlenkung und Führung des aus der Auslaßöffnung 8 austretenden Dampfes 5 dient. Außerhalb des Außengehäuses 12 ist die Turbinenwelle 7 auf entsprechenden nicht näher erläuterten Lagern 17 gelagert. Geodätisch unterhalb des Außengehäuses 12 ist ein Kondensator 13 zur Kondensation des Dampfes 5 angeordnet. Dieser Kondensator 13 weist ein Kondensatorgehäuse 21 auf, indem schematisiert dargestellt eine große Anzahl von Kühlrohren 18 angeordnet sind, durch die beim Betrieb des Kondensators 13 Kühlflüssigkeit, insbesondere Kühlwasser, strömt. Unterhalb der Kühlrohre 18 ist eine Kondensatabführung 22 angeordnet, in die das beim Betrieb des Kondensators an den Außenseiten der Kühlrohre 18 gebildete Kondensat abtropft. In einem unteren Raumbereich des Kondensators 13 ist jeweils ein nach unten offener, nach oben durch dachartig gegeneinander geneigte Wände gebildeter Luftkühler 19 vorgesehen. Jeder Luftkühler 19 ist jeweils mit einer von seinem First ausgehenden Absaugleitung 20 mit einer nicht näher dargestellten Vakuumpumpe verbunden.In Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of a low pressure steam turbine 1, which is carried out in two flows. She points a turbine shaft extending along an axis of rotation 2 7 on. In a middle area of the low pressure steam turbine 1 an inlet area 3 for steam 5 is provided, which steam 5 in particular via a not shown Overflow line from a medium-pressure steam turbine, also not shown flows in. On both sides and symmetrically the inlet area 3 extends along the axis of rotation 2 each have a flow channel 6 which is between the turbine shaft 7 and an inner casing surrounding the turbine shaft 7 11 is formed. In each flow channel 6 are alternating in series a plurality of guide vanes 16 and blades 15 arranged. The flow channel 6 widens from the inlet area 3 along the axis of rotation 2 to an evaporation area 4. Assigned to the evaporation area 4 the flow channel 6 has an outlet opening 8. Geodesically below the outlet opening 8 is a flow guide element 10 arranged, which is in a plane that is perpendicular or slightly inclined (up to 15 °, preferably up to 5 °) to the Axis of rotation 2 is along along an outflow direction 14 extends below. The inner housing 11 is of an outer housing Surround 12, which has a boundary for the evaporation area 4 forms and the flow deflection and guidance of the the outlet opening 8 escaping steam 5 is used. Outside of the outer housing 12, the turbine shaft 7 is on corresponding Bearings 17 not explained in more detail. geodesic below the outer housing 12 is a capacitor 13 for Condensation of the steam 5 arranged. This capacitor 13 has a capacitor housing 21, shown schematically a large number of cooling tubes 18 are arranged, through the cooling liquid during the operation of the condenser 13, especially cooling water flows. Below the cooling tubes 18 a condensate drain 22 is arranged, in which the Operation of the condenser on the outside of the cooling tubes 18 formed condensate drips. In a lower area the capacitor 13 is in each case an open at the bottom, after above formed by walls inclined like a roof Air cooler 19 is provided. Each air cooler 19 is included one from his ridge suction line 20 with a Vacuum pump not shown connected.

Beim Betrieb der Dampfturbine 1 strömt der Dampf 5 durch den Strömungskanal 6. Nach Austritt aus der Auslaßöffnung 8 in den Abdampfbereich 4 hinein, wird ein Teilstrom des Dampfes 5 nach oben geführt und ein weiter Teilstrom nach unten. Der nach oben geführte Teilstrom wird oberhalb der Auslaßöffnung 8 nach unten umgelenkt und strömt in einem nicht näher spezifizierten Abströmbereich 4A stromab der beiden Strömungsleitelemente 10 in den Kondensator 13 ein. Hierbei findet eine Vergleichmäßigung der gesamten Dampfströmung und zumindest teilweise eine Durchmischung mit dem nach unten geführten Teilstrom statt. Der nach oben strömende Teilstrom des Dampfes 5 wird insbesondere an dem Scheitelpunkt des Innengehäuses 11 jeweils in zwei Dampfströme aufgespalten. Diese aufgespaltenen Dampfströme verwirbeln und bilden jeweils einen Wirbelzopf der vom Scheitelpunkt des Innengehäuses 11 bis in den Bereich des jeweiligen Strömungsleitelementes 10 reicht. Durch jedes Strömungsleitelement 10 wird eine räumliche Trennung dieser Wirbelzöpfe mit dem unmittelbar aus der Auslaßöffnung 8 nach unten abströmenden Dampf 5 erreicht. Hierdurch wird im Bereich der Strömungsleitelemente 10 die Ausbildung einer Scherströmung zwischen den Wirbelzöpfen und dem unmittelbar nach unten ausströmenden Dampf 5 verhindert, wodurch eine Reduzierung eines Druckverlustes beim Einströmen in den Kondensator 13 erreicht ist.When the steam turbine 1 is operating, the steam 5 flows through the Flow channel 6. After exiting the outlet opening 8 in into the evaporation area 4, a partial flow of the steam 5 becomes led upwards and a further partial flow downwards. The upward partial flow is above the outlet opening 8 deflected downwards and flows in an unspecified Outflow area 4A downstream of the two flow guide elements 10 in the capacitor 13. Here one finds Equalization of the entire steam flow and at least partially mixed with the downward Partial flow instead. The partial stream of steam flowing upwards 5 is particularly at the apex of the inner housing 11 each split into two steam streams. This split Steam flows swirl and form one Vortex braid from the vertex of the inner housing 11 to in the area of the respective flow guide element 10 extends. Each flow control element 10 creates a spatial separation this vortex braid with the one straight out of the outlet opening 8 downward flowing steam 5 reached. hereby the training in the area of the flow guide elements 10 a shear flow between the vertebrae and the immediate one prevents downward flowing steam 5, whereby a reduction in pressure loss when flowing into the Capacitor 13 is reached.

FIG 2 zeigt einen Querschnitt durch einen Abdampfbereich 4 einer Dampfturbine 1, insbesondere der in FIG 1 dargestellten Niederdruck-Dampfturbine 1. Die Auslaßöffnung 8 weist einen kreisringförmigen Querschnitt mit einem Auslaßdurchmesser 9 auf. Die Dampfturbine 1 ist bezüglich einer Horizontalebene 23, in welcher die Rotationsachse 2 liegt teilbar ausgeführt. Das Strömungsleitelement 10 ist geodätisch unterhalb dieser Horizontalebene 23 angeordnet und erweitert sich in Abströmrichtung 14 mit zunehmenden Abstand von der Horizontalebene 23. Es ist ebenfalls möglich, daß das Strömungsleitelement 10 in Abströmrichtung zumindest bereichsweise oder überwiegend eine konstante Breite aufweist. Weiterhin kann es sich auch erst von der Horizontalebene 23 beabstandet an die Auslaßöffnung 8 anschließen. Das Strömungsleitelement 10 umschließt halbkreisförmig die Auslaßöffnung 8 bis an die Horizontalebene 23 heran und verbreitert sich bis hin zu dem Außengehäuse 12. Es ist mit dem Außengehäuse 12 fest verbunden, beispielsweise verschraubt oder verschweißt. Hierdurch ist sowohl eine Versteifung des Außengehäuses 12 im Abdampfbereich 4 als auch eine dauerhafte Befestigung des Strömungsleitsegmentes 10 erreicht.2 shows a cross section through an evaporation area 4 a steam turbine 1, in particular that shown in FIG Low-pressure steam turbine 1. The outlet opening 8 has one circular cross section with an outlet diameter 9 on. The steam turbine 1 is with respect to a horizontal plane 23, in which the axis of rotation 2 lies divisible. The flow guide element 10 is geodetically below this Horizontal plane 23 arranged and expanded in the outflow direction 14 with increasing distance from the horizontal plane 23. It is also possible for the flow guiding element 10 in the outflow direction at least partially or predominantly has a constant width. It can also continue only at a distance from the horizontal plane 23 to the outlet opening 8 connect. The flow guide element 10 encloses semicircular the outlet opening 8 to the horizontal plane 23 approaches and widens up to the outer housing 12. It is firmly connected to the outer housing 12, for example screwed or welded. This makes both Stiffening of the outer housing 12 in the evaporation area 4 as well a permanent attachment of the flow guide segment 10 is achieved.

In FIG 3 ist ein Ausschnitt des Abdampfbereiches 4 in Richtung zu dem Kondensator 13 geodätisch unterhalb der Rotationsachse 2 dargestellt. In dem dargestellten strömungsbereich ist die Strömung des Dampfes 5 durch Pfeile dargestellt, wobei die Länge der Pfeile ein Maß für die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit des Dampfes 5 darstellt. Es ist erkennbar, daß der hinter der letzten Laufschaufel 15 ausströmende Dampf 5 in dem Abdampfbereich 4 um ca. 90° nach unten umgelenkt und hierbei gleichzeitig abgebremst wird. Zur Umlenkung des Dampfes 5 ist sowohl eine Verlängerung des Innengehäuses 11 als auch eine entsprechende Ausgestaltung des Außengehäuses 12 vorgesehen. An die Verlängerung des Innengehäuses 11 schließt sich das Strömungsleitelement 10 an, wodurch zwischen Strömungsleitelement 10 und Außengehäuse 12 ein Kanalbereich für den so umgelenkten Dampf 5 gebildet ist. Das Strömungsleitelement 10 ist gegenüber der Rotationsachse 2 um einen Leitwinkel α geneigt, welcher vorzugsweise im Bereich zwischen 70° und 110°, im gezeigten Fall etwa 90° beträgt. Geodätisch unterhalb dem Strömungsleitelement 10 trifft die Strömung des nach unten umgelenkten Dampfes 5 mit der Strömung des erst nach oben und dann nach unten umgelenkten Dampfes 5 zusammen. Die Wechselwirkung dieser beiden Teilströme miteinander wird durch die Anordnung des Leitsegmentes 10 gegenüber dem Fall, bei dem kein Strömungsleitelement 10 vorgesehen ist, deutlich reduziert. Hierdurch wird ebenfalls die Ausbildung einer Scherströmung zumindest deutlich vermindert und damit eine Verringerung von Druckverlusten erreicht. Durch das Anfügen eines Strömungsleitelemtes 10 um die Auslaßöffnung 8 herum, welches sich sowohl nach unten in Richtung zu dem Kondensator 13 hin als auch radial nach außen zu dem Außengehäuse 12 hin erstreckt, ist eine Wirkungsgraderhöhung der Dampfturbine durch eine Vermeidung, zumindest durch eine Verringerung, von Druckverlusten im Bereich des Strömungsleitelementes 10 und eine Strömungsvergleichmäßigung im Abströmbereich 4A erreicht. 3 shows a section of the evaporation area 4 in the direction to the capacitor 13 geodetically below the axis of rotation 2 shown. In the flow range shown the flow of steam 5 is shown by arrows, wherein the length of the arrows is a measure of the flow velocity the steam 5 represents. It can be seen that the behind the last blade 15, steam escaping 5 in the evaporation area 4 is deflected downwards by approx. 90 ° and is braked at the same time. To redirect the steam 5 is both an extension of the inner housing 11 and a corresponding configuration of the outer housing 12 intended. At the extension of the inner housing 11 closes the flow guide element 10, whereby between the flow guide element 10 and outer housing 12 a channel area for the steam 5 thus deflected is formed. The flow control element 10 is opposite the axis of rotation 2 by a leading angle α inclined, which is preferably in the range between 70 ° and 110 °, in the case shown is about 90 °. geodesic below the flow guide element 10, the flow of the downward deflected steam 5 with the flow of the first upwards and then downwards deflected steam 5 together. The interaction of these two partial flows with one another by the arrangement of the guide segment 10 compared to the case, in which no flow guide element 10 is provided, clearly reduced. This will also form a Shear flow at least significantly reduced and therefore one Reduction in pressure loss achieved. By attaching a flow control element 10 around the outlet opening 8, which is both down towards the capacitor 13 out as well as radially outwards towards the outer housing 12 extends is an increase in efficiency of the steam turbine by avoiding, at least by reducing, Pressure losses in the area of the flow guide element 10 and a flow equalization in the outflow area 4A is achieved.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
Dampfturbinesteam turbine
22
Rotationsachseaxis of rotation
33
Einlaßbereichinlet region
44
Abdampfbereichexhaust steam
55
Dampfsteam
66
Strömungskanalflow channel
77
Turbinenwelleturbine shaft
88th
Auslaßöffnungoutlet
99
Auslaßdurchmesseroutlet diameter
1010
Strömungsleitelementflow guide
1111
Innengehäuseinner housing
1212
Außengehäuseouter casing
1313
Kondensatorcapacitor
1414
Abströmrichtungoutflow
1515
Laufschaufelblade
1616
Leitschaufelvane
1717
Lagercamp
1818
Kühlrohrcooling pipe
1919
Luftkühlerair cooler
2020
Absaugleitungsuction
2121
Kondensatorgehäusecapacitor case
2222
Kondensatabführungcondensate drain
2323
HorizontalebeneWL
αα
Leitwinkellead angle

Claims (10)

  1. Steam turbine (1) having an axis of rotation (2), having an inlet region (3) and an evaporation region (4) for steam (5) and having a flow duct (6), for steam (5), extending in the direction of the axis of rotation (2), which flow duct (6) widens, towards the exhaust steam region (4), to an outlet opening (8) being provided for steam (5) flowing out of the outlet opening (8), which flow guidance element extends, on the one hand, extends along an outlet flow direction (14) into an outlet flow region (4A), the flow guidance element (10) widening along the outlet flow diection (14) or having an essentially constant width, and the flow guidance element (10) being designed in such a manner that the steam (5) can flow around it on both sides in the outlet flow direction (14) and a thorough mixing of the steam (5) takes place downstream of the flow guidance element (10), and the steam turbine having an inner casing (11) surrounding the flow duct (6), which inner casing (11) is surrounded by an outer casing (12), the flow guidance element (10) being adjacent to the outer casing (12).
  2. Steam turbine (1), according to Claim 1, in which the flow guidance element (10) is arranged geodetically below the axis of rotation (2).
  3. Steam turbine (1) according to one of the preceding claims, in which the flow guidance element (10) is inclined relative to the axis of rotation (2) by a guidance angle (α) between 70° and 110°, in particular 85° and 95°, preferably approximately 90°.
  4. Steam turbine (1) according to one of the preceding claims, in which the flow guidance element (10) is directly adjacent to the outlet opening (8).
  5. Steam turbine (1) according to one of the preceding claims, in which the flow guidance element (10) is essentially plane.
  6. Steam turbine (1) according to one of the preceding claims, in which the flow guidance element (10) is a plat.
  7. Steam turbine (1) according to Claim 5, in which the flow guidance element (10) is fastened to the outer casing (12).
  8. Steam turbine (1) according to one of the preceding claims, which is embodied as a low-pressure steam turbine.
  9. Steam turbine (1) according to one of the preceding claims, which is embodied as a double-flow steam turbine.
  10. Steam turbine (1) according to one of the preceding claims, in which the flow guidance element (10) is used for flow guidance to a condenser (13).
EP99924784A 1998-04-06 1999-04-06 Steam turbine Expired - Lifetime EP1068429B1 (en)

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JP2002510769A (en) 2002-04-09
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US6447247B1 (en) 2002-09-10
CN1165670C (en) 2004-09-08
CN1296549A (en) 2001-05-23
EP1068429A1 (en) 2001-01-17
WO1999051858A1 (en) 1999-10-14
DE59909753D1 (en) 2004-07-22

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