EP1058808B1 - Stab and bullet proof protective clothing - Google Patents

Abstract

Protective clothing for protection against puncture injuries is constructed from more than one layer of a fabric coated with hard solids. The hard solids are applied in accordance with abrasives technology. This protective clothing offers equally good protection against both knife- and needle-like puncture implements. For clothing intended to protect against puncture and projectile injuries, a package of 2-20 layers of a fabric coated with hard solids is combined with a package of 6-50 layers of an uncoated aramid woven fabric.

Description

The invention relates to protective clothing, especially clothing for Protection against stab and shot injuries, consisting of several Layers of fabrics made of high-strength materials.

Police and other security forces are on duty more and more not only exposed to the risk of gunshot wounds, but in more recent times, there must be more attacks with knives, daggers and other stinging devices, which often too are needle-like. The resulting ones Security needs of police forces can differ from conventional ones Bulletproof vests, which are often standard equipment of this Count group of people, not sufficiently fulfilled, because these do not offer sufficient protection against stab wounds.

That is why special puncture protection clothing was used, which is especially To provide protection against such injuries. But attempts have also been made to create protective clothing that offers both protection against stab and shot injuries. Many of the suggestions made do meet security needs of the police forces, but are due to their heavy weight and often a lack of flexibility for an assignment, that requires a high level of physical mobility, hardly suitable.

In addition, the police forces are required to wear protective clothing not only against injuries from knives, daggers and to protect similar stabbing devices, but also that Protection against needle-like pricks, also partially used to attack police forces.

Various have already been used to manufacture stab protection clothing Problem solutions, predominantly using or sharing of aramid fabrics, but all suggested cannot fully satisfy.

This is how GB-A 2 283 902 describes stab protection clothing made from aramid fabrics is built up and metal plates on the surface are attached. Such clothes have very little Comfort because it does not guarantee the necessary flexibility and also a high weight got to. Protective clothing in a similar design is used in WO-A 91 - 06 821.

DE-C 4 407 180 describes the use of a metal insert which is embedded in a polyurethane matrix for stab protection clothing proposed. This metal insert is in the form of a net-like structure made of steel chains. The disadvantage This type of stab protection clothing is that it is only good Offers protection against blade stabs such as knives, daggers etc. but not against very pointed, needle-like pricking devices.

US-A 4 933 231 describes a foam-laminated dense fabric made of high-strength aliphatic polyamide fibers, the appears particularly suitable for cut protection clothing. With In this embodiment, there is no stab protection that meets the requirements who meets security forces.

This also applies to the stab protection clothing proposed in EP-A 224 425, which are made from knitted fabrics made from aramid fibers becomes. This also does not provide adequate stab protection properties reached. The proposed knitted fabric serves more as a cut protection.

A particularly breathable puncture protection clothing, which is under Use of a so-called climate membrane made of dense fabrics is described in US-A 5,308,689. With the embodiment proposed here are not sufficient Puncture protection properties achieved.

Stab protection clothing made of overlapping panels made of glass fiber reinforced Plastic arranged on a textile support WO 92-08 094 describes such protective clothing does not offer the desired one due to lack of flexibility Comfort.

In addition, protective clothing for the combined has been used several times Stab and bullet protection in different designs described.

Thus US-A 5 562 264 suggests the use of extreme for this dense fabrics made of relatively fine yarn. With these is intended in the same way to protect against stab wounds and bullet wounds can be achieved. This problem solving can not satisfy, because the fabrication of the fabric is very expensive need to be used and weaving in very dense Attitude to fiber damage can cause, above all the holding effect for projectiles suffers. Besides that is also the Stab protection in this embodiment is not for the specifications sufficient in all countries.

In DE-A 4 413 969 stab protection clothing is made up of several layers proposed by metal foils. By combination with laminates Ball protection is also achieved from aramid fiber fabrics. Next This protective clothing offers the high price for metal foils not satisfactory because of the lack of flexibility Comfort. The rustling is also caused through the metal foils, felt uncomfortable when worn. A similar version of stab protection clothing can be found in EP-A 640 807, in the sheet of narrow strips be proposed by metal foils.

One with the help of a thermoplastic matrix resin to a plate shaped package of fabrics, for example of aramid fibers, is described in EP-A 597 165. These are relatively rigid Structures do not offer the desired comfort.

In WO 97 - 21 334 are coated with thermoplastic resins Aramid fabric for combined stab and bullet protection clothing proposed. With this embodiment, none Get stab protection clothes that are in acceptable weight ranges security forces in all countries Conditions.

According to DE-A 4 214 543, clothing is used as combined protective clothing serve against gunshot and stab wounds and should also offer impact protection, in the actual Stab protection layers made of mutually displaceable Metal plates that form the outer layer of the protective clothing, manufactured. Underneath is a tissue package as bullet protection. This protective clothing also shows that with metal plates common disadvantages of low flexibility and relative high weight, which affects the comfort.

DE-U 94 08 834 is for combined stab and bullet protection a package of superimposed, alternating Layers of textile fabrics made of aramid fibers and metal braids proposed. The disadvantage of this embodiment is the low protection against needle-like pricking devices.

WO 96 - 03 277 describes protective clothing that has at least one Position of a flat structure, on which by means of plasma spray coating a ceramic layer is applied. With This type of protective clothing will have a good protective effect against stab and bullet wounds, the manufacture is but complicated because of the plasma spray coating to be used here and also unfavorable in terms of cost. In addition, it can Application of the ceramic layer to a partial interlocking the ceramic particles as a result of the high temperatures in the plasma come so that the protective effect against puncturing devices may suffer something. Furthermore, there exist also partially problems with abrasion resistance.

The use of protective clothing has also become more abrasive Materials suggested. According to GB-A 2 090 725 the protective effect against projectiles can be increased, if the outer layer of an antiballistic package of abrasive material such as aluminum oxide, boron carbide, etc. contains. Have attempts shown that with a layer of such material no positive effect in protecting against projectiles achieved becomes. To what extent the stab protection properties with the proposed Embodiment can be improved the document mentioned. It also doesn't contain any Information about the amount of abrasive material and the procedure for the establishment of such a protective layer.

According to a proposal in US-A 5 087 499, abrasive material is applied Aramid yarns to be fibrillated later in one very thin layer applied. Above all, this is supposed to Protection against stab wounds with surgical instruments be achieved. With the one disclosed in this document, very much thin layer cannot provide any protection against injury Knives can be achieved.

It also succeeds with the abrasive materials previously proposed it is not in the described embodiments, protective clothing for security forces that provide adequate protection against Offer stab wounds, but also protection against projectiles should manufacture.

From Derwent Abstract 87-118 863 to JP-A-62 062 198 a material for protective clothing against bullets and knives is known, in which ceramic particles in an amount of 200-800 g / hard on one or more layers of aromatic polyamide fiber fabric. m ^{2 are} bound. These layers are laminated to the inner or outer layer of a laminate material made from aromatic polyamide fiber fabrics with the aid of an adhesive such as epoxy resin. Although this clothing is suitable for stab and bullet protection, it is stiff and therefore not very comfortable to wear.

So the task was to develop stab protection clothing not only the same protection against stab wounds with knives, Offers daggers and in particular needle-like pricking devices, but moreover, compared to the previously known Sting protection clothing with good protection, comfort improved.

It was surprisingly found that this task in can be solved in a particularly advantageous manner, if in the built up of several layers Protective clothing more than one, with one Layer coated with hard material layer, is contained the hard materials in phenolic resins, Urea resins, latex in cross-linked and uncross-linked Mold, epoxy resins or polyacrylate resins included and with those coated with hard materials Fabric was flexed after coating are.

Protective clothing against stab and bullet injuries usually made up of several layers. in this connection are garments with different Layer numbers in use. The choice of the number of layers is of various factors such as required Protection effect, desired wearing comfort, costs for the clothes etc. dependent. The general rule is that the Number of layers as low as possible but as high as necessary from the point of view of protection needs got to.

The not previously published WO 98/45 662 discloses a puncture resistant material made from a solid Particle coated carrier, which is based on a Package of fabrics is arranged. The Coating consists of abrasive particles with a diameter of 0.1 to 3 mm, and the package of fabrics is thicker than 1.5 mm. Also according to WO 98/45 662 can use several coated carriers be provided. The solid particles are on the carrier but with a bituminous or polyurethane-containing adhesive applied.

The protective layers of stab and bulletproof clothing are normal made of fabrics made of high-strength materials. These fabrics are preferably textile fabrics, particularly preferably around fabrics. Next Fabrics can also be used for other textile fabrics such as knitted fabrics, Nonwovens, laid scrims etc. are used.

Films or are particularly suitable as non-textile fabrics thin layers of foam are used.

Among high-strength materials are materials that have high strength have good protection against exposure of projectiles and puncture devices. in this connection it is primarily polymers that can be processed into fibers are.

For the production of the protective layers of the invention Protective clothing comes preferably aramid fibers, after the gel spinning process spun polyethylene fibers, polyimide fibers, Polybenzoxazole fibers, fully aromatic polyester fibers, high tenacity Polyamide fibers, high-strength polyester fibers and fibers with similar properties. Be particularly preferred Aramid fibers.

Aramid fibers, often called aromatic polyamide fibers are often used in protective clothing. These are fiber materials made from polyamides, the essentially by polycondensation of aromatic Acids or their chlorides generated with aromatic amines become. Aramid fibers, which are made from Poly-p-phenylene terephthalamide exist. Such fibers are, for example commercially available under the brand name Twaron.

Aramid fibers are not only meant to be fibers that are complete built up from aromatic acid or amine components are understood, but are under this name also to understand fiber materials whose polymer is more than 50% made from aromatic acids and aromatic amines and that is also aliphatic, alicyclic or heterocyclic Contains compounds in the acid and / or amine portion.

For those preferred for the production of the protective layers in the invention Protective clothing can be used preferred aramid fibers in the form of filament yarns or spun yarns are used. To be favoured Filament yarns. Yarns are also among spun yarns understand that manufactured by the tear converting process have been.

The titer of the yarns to be used are between 200 and 3,400 dtex, titer between 400 and 1,500 dtex are preferred. The filament titer is usually below 5 dtex, preferred under 1.5 dtex.

The fabrics are preferably made in plain weave, others Weaves, such as a Panama or twill weave, can also be selected for fabric production become.

The number of threads depends on the yarn titer used and on the desired weight per unit area of the fabrics to be used for the protective layers. The basis weights of these fabrics should be between 50 and 500 g / m ² , preferably between 100 and 300 g / m ² .

A fabric to be used advantageously for the protective clothing according to the invention is produced, for example, in plain weave from a yarn with a titer of 930 dtex. The thread counts are 10.5 / cm in warp and weft. With such an adjustment, a fabric with a basis weight of approx. 200 g / m ^{2 is} obtained. The information given here is to be understood as an example and not as restrictive.

Chemical fibers usually contain from fiber production a preparation that i.a. also the running characteristics of the Yarns positively influenced in the fabric production. Before the Carrying out further treatments, for example coating to prepare the application of a hard material layer, the so-called coming from the weaving machine Chair raw fabrics undergo a washing treatment. This he usually follows on a wide-screen machine, others, in the textile finishing known wide-washing devices can but can also be used. The washing conditions like temperature, Treatment time and additives to the wash bath are known to the person skilled in the art known. The washing conditions are chosen so that the Residual preparation content after this treatment is less than 0.1%. The fabric is then dried, which is usually the case is carried out on a stenter.

Fabrics used to form the actual ball protection layers in the protective clothing according to the invention are provided and cannot be provided with a hard material coating are used in this form. In some cases after the washing treatment, a hydrophobization, for example using a polymeric or polymerizable fluorocarbon compound.

Washed fabrics are preferred for the hard material coating used, but there is also the possibility of so-called use raw, unwashed fabrics. As a preliminary stage a primer is applied to the fabric for hard material coating applied. This is necessary to prevent intrusion for the absorption of the hard materials afterwards to be applied binder layer to prevent in the carrier tissue.

A large number of different products can be used for the primer are used. Examples include phenolic resins, Urea resins, latex in cross-linked or uncross-linked Mold, called epoxy resins or polyacrylate resins. Next to the contains dispersed resin or the precursors for the resin the coating compound for the primer still fillers in a share of 30-70%. For example, as a filler Find calcium carbonate.

The primer is applied in an amount of 40-100 g / m ² . After the liquid in the coating slip has evaporated, approx. 30-75 g / m ² are still present on the fabric as a primer.

Usually after the primer is applied, a Intermediate drying, for example at a temperature of 100 ° C. But it is also possible to work wet on wet means the following main line without intermediate drying to apply the primer.

For the main line, the connection classes come into question, how they are specifically mentioned above for the primer. Prefers phenolic resins are used for the main coat. Indeed are conditional on the products for the pre-coat and the main coat through differences in targeted goals, too to put different conditions. So the product must be for the primer a closed film that is as elastic as possible form the immigration of the later main stroke into the To prevent basic material. The essential is against it Property of the main line of the product optimal integration of hard materials.

The main coat also contains a proportion of filler, which can amount to 20 - 50% of the total amount of binder. The wet quantity for the main coat is between 90 and 150 g / m ² . After drying, the amount of main coat binder is 60-120 g / m ² .

Among hard materials are inorganic substances with a high degree of hardness, as in the abrasive layer of Abrasives are used to understand. Examples of this are silicon carbide, corundum (aluminum oxide), tungsten carbide, Titanium carbide, molybdenum carbide, zirconium corundum (fused corundum with 40% zirconium oxide), boron carbide or boron nitride. This list hard materials that are not exhaustive, is given as examples and not as restrictive understandable. Are preferred for the formation of the hard material layer Silicon carbide and / or corundum used.

The substances mentioned are preferably used alone, but it can also work with mixtures of different hard materials become.

The hard materials can be used in various forms. So-called blocky and pointed shapes are preferred. The former are preferably round particle shapes. These have the advantage that they have a high bulk density is achievable. The shape of the hard material particles has only higher particle diameters have a certain importance, with smaller ones Particle diameters make up the differences in the Particle shape hardly noticeable.

The hard materials are applied to a layer of binder provided pad according to one of the when applied methods common to abrasives.

These methods are preferably sprinkling of the hard material or its application in electrostatic Field. In the former method, mostly as gravity scatter is called, the hard materials fall out of the Spreading gap of a spreader from above onto the one with the fore and a Main line provided web of fabric. The spreading density will be once across the width of the spreading gap and, secondly, over the speed of the goods controlled the document.

With the electrostatic method, the application is carried out with Using an electrostatic field. In this line up the hard material particles along the field lines of the electrostatic Field and migrate along these field lines to the opposite pole. This possibility of moving hard material particles in the electrostatic field is used in abrasive technology used in such a way that the preceded and main line Pad along the top electrode by the electrostatic Field is driven. The coated side of the pad faces the counter electrode. The hard particles, which are on the lower electrode migrate in the electrostatic field from bottom to top to the counter electrode and are anchored there in the binder film of the underlay.

The introduction of the hard material particles into the electrostatic Field is done with the help of an endless conveyor belt moved along the lower electrode and onto the outside of the electrostatic field by means of a scattering funnel the hard materials have been sprinkled.

The electrodes are preferably plate electrodes, but linear and pointed electrodes can also be used.

Another possibility of applying the hard material layer is the slurry also known in abrasive manufacturing. Here the hard materials are in the binder mass stirred in and poured into the base or painted.

The fabric coated with hard materials for the invention Protective clothing is preferred using the Gravity scattering, because with this method a high density of hard material particles can be achieved.

After the hard materials have been applied, the Binder film at a temperature of approx. 130 ° C. By evaporation The thickness of the binder film takes away from liquid from, so that the hard material particles more strongly to the surface of the kick the coated side. This reduction in the thickness of the Binder film is also made in the slurry process take advantage of by evaporating liquid and reducing it the thickness of the film is given the possibility in a binder mixture stirred in hard materials after drying to let the surface get there.

In addition to what is usually carried out in the manufacture of abrasives Drying in hot air, it is also possible to use other methods for curing the binder film, such as under Use of electron beams, microwaves, UV rays etc. make.

Possibly can be used in the production of hard materials Fabric also a surface seal the hard material layer. For this, a thin Layer of an elastomeric polymer on the hard material layer applied, for example by spraying a dispersion an elastomer can take place. Another possibility offers itself with the help of a roller application. One is running Roll through a storage trough in which the to be applied Dispersion located. After leaving the trough, the Roll the excess of the entrained dispersion, for example with the help of a doctor knife, so that on the Application roller creates a thin film on the hard material layer is transmitted.

The sealing layer is cured in a similar manner Way as for the binder layer, preferably by a drying treatment.

The last step is a flex process. At the Flexing is a defined breaking of the rigid Base layer mechanically, creating small islands the binder layer including that anchored in this layer Hard materials arise on the carrier material. The one with flexing created flexibility of the carrier material coated with hard materials is probably due to the fine formed here Crack structures in the adhesive film. The conditions for the flexing and the necessary machines are in the Abrasives industry well known.

Preference is given to the production of those coated with hard materials Cross-flexing, that is, a Flex treatment in both the longitudinal and transverse directions of the fabric is made.

Flexing provides good elasticity with hard materials coated fabrics for use in the invention Protective clothing achieves what is in the comfort of this Apparel makes very noticeable.

The manufactured in the manner described, with hard materials coated fabrics have, depending on the Diameters of the hard materials used, thicknesses between 0.1 and 1.5 mm, preferably between 0.2 and 0.8 mm.

The thickness of the hard material layer is determined according to the method known in the textile industry for measuring the Tissue thickness. First, the thickness of the uncoated Fabric and then the thickness of the hard material coated fabric determined. The measurement is done here according to DIN 53 353. The difference in thickness results the thickness of the hard material layer.

The manufactured in the manner described, with hard materials coated fabrics can be found for protective clothing against Stab wounds as well as protective clothing that combined a Protection against stab and bullet injuries offers, use. For this, preference is given to flat structures which are only on one side are coated with hard materials. However, it is also possible, double-sided coated fabrics for this to use.

Protective clothing that only protects against stab wounds should offer, is from more than one layer, preferably 2 - 20 layers, particularly preferably 6 to 15 layers of the hard material coated Fabric made. The locations are laid on top of each other and suitable for the clothes Tailored way. The consolidation of the individual layers with each other is done for example by two, a cross shape forming seams of approx. 10 cm each in the middle of the blank. Another way of consolidating the layers is one punctiform gluing.

It is essential that there is no rigid connection of the individual layers with each other and that a mobility of the individual layers preserved.

However, it has been shown that the locations are also possible without introducing each other into the protective clothing, as in the case of flat structures coated with hard materials Slipping of the layers occurs much less than with non-coated ones Fabrics. Presumably the hard material layer gives especially in hard materials, but also in uncoated neighboring locations, anchoring in Form of a kind of Velcro effect, so that slipping largely is prevented. This is especially true when textile Sheets such as fabrics or knitted fabrics as Base material for coating with hard materials Find. In the case of fabrics or knits, the yarns are not covered open spaces available. The hard materials can be stored in these penetrate the neighboring layer and anchor there. With foils with a largely closed surface this is not possible or only to a lesser extent.

The combined into a package of 2 - 20 layers and suitable for clothing cut, coated with hard materials Sheets are wrapped in a PVC or thermoplastic shell Polyurethane film introduced and welded into this. Instead of a film, one with a weldable polyurethane layer coated fabric, for example made of polyamide fibers, use, the coated side forms the inside.

The package thus formed is then wrapped in a cotton fabric or a fabric made of polyester-cotton blended yarns brought in. Mixed yarns made from viscose fibers and m-aramid fibers can be used for this. This tissue is dyed or printed on the side visible when worn. It is particularly important to ensure that the actual Protection package, consisting of flat materials coated with hard materials, is easy to remove, so uncomplicated To allow cleaning, especially the cover.

For protective clothing that only protects against stab wounds can serve under the actual protective layers, on the side adjacent to the body, after a cushion layer be attached. This should be made of a compressible material consist. Suitable for this are, for example, foams, Felts, needle felts, superimposed layers of nonwovens, Pile fabrics, pile knitted fabrics etc. These cushion layers result from the action of a stitch device, for example of a knife, a cushioning effect that reduces that can contribute to stitch penetration. It also springs they act on the body when a stitch device is used Print something.

Textiles are preferred for the production of this cushion layer Flat structures, particularly preferably needle felts or nonwovens made of high-strength fibers. Are suitable for this in a special way aramid fibers. They work in addition to the above Cushioning effect also an additional stab protection.

The flat materials coated with hard materials are used in the Protective clothing preferably arranged so that the hard material layer is on the side facing away from the carrier. On this is the case when using single-sided coated fabrics achieved the best stab protection effect. But it is also possible, the coated side inwards, ie the carrier facing, to arrange or a mutual arrangement the hard-coated layer in the stab protection package to choose.

Clothing that offers a combined stab and bullet protection is made from more than one layer, preferably from 2 to 20 layers, particularly preferably from 6 to 15 layers of fabrics which are coated with hard materials and 6 - 50 layers of non-coated Fabric built up. The number of layers of not coated fabrics in protective clothing for combined Stab and bullet protection is preferably 8-40, especially preferably 16-35. Come as non-coated fabrics especially fabrics made of aramid fibers. The non-coated aramid fabric, which is the actual bullet protection package form, arranged on the side facing the body. These fabrics are made in the same way like this above for the aramid fabrics as base materials for the Hard material coating has been described.

The protection package for the combined stab and bullet protection can be designed so that the actual stab protection layers, these are the layers coated with hard materials, with the non-coated aramid fabrics are connected. To do this for example, cuts from 6 to 50 layers of uncoated Aramid fabrics placed on top of each other. Be about this 2 - 20 layers of fabric coated on one side with hard materials laid so that the coated side is the top forms. The individual layers of the package thus formed are for example in the manner described above with an over Cross-stitched double seam or with point-by-point gluing solidified.

When producing the protective clothing, the package is then like described above, sealed in a film sleeve and then in a fabric cover, for example made of a polyester-cotton blend yarn, brought in. This introduction takes place so that the flat materials coated with hard materials are on the side facing away from the carrier and that a Stitcher or a projectile first on those coated with hard materials Layers.

The above described construction of a combined stitch and Bulletproof clothing is the preferred embodiment too understand. It is also possible to use hard materials coated Flat structures in a total of 8 - 70 layers Arrange the package so that it is not alone on the outside of protective clothing, but for example about that Protection package distributed outside, in the middle and inside. The arrangement of the layers coated with hard materials is also intended are not limited to an embodiment in which the Hard material layer facing away from the carrier. Also the reverse and alternate arrangement are possible, but with the arrangement of the outward facing hard material layer is preferred.

A particularly preferred embodiment of the combined Stab and bulletproof clothing offers a variant, the one optional use for protection against one type of each Types of threats, i.e. protection against stab wounds or for protection against bullet injuries. And it can also used at the same time to protect against both types of threats become.

For this purpose, the actual bullet protection package is first made 6 - 50 layers of an aramid fabric not coated with hard materials formed by stacking suitable blanks and solidified in the manner described. This package is in a film is sealed.

In addition, a package of 2 - 20 layers of one with hard materials coated fabric formed, which also in a Foil is welded.

For the inclusion of both packages, a shell is made of, for example a dyed or printed polyester-cotton fabric educated. This fabric cover comes with a Velcro or zipper provided for easy insertion and removal to enable one of the two packages or both packages.

Should now use protective clothing for a combined Offer stab and bullet protection, so are the two packages for example, together in an envelope, which is then the outer layer forms a protective vest. The arrangement of the actual Stab protection package, i.e. the package that comes with Flat materials coated with hard materials are preferred so that it faces away from the wearer, i.e. the side first exposed to the attack.

A stab protection is not required and only a threat expected by projectiles, so the actual stab protection package taken from fabrics coated with hard materials and the protective clothing alone with a package of aramid fabrics, that are not provided with a hard material layer, be used.

The same procedure is followed if there is only a threat of stab wounds is to be expected. In this case it becomes uncoated Ball protection package formed from the aramid fabrics Removed clothing and the protection package alone with Hard materials coated fabrics are formed. expedient in this case, it is an additional insert in the form of a Padding layer in the protective clothing at the point where the ball protection package was previously installed. This cushion layer, designed in the manner described above in this case is also in one Cover, for example from a film, so that a simple Insertion or removal of the cushion layer guaranteed is.

The effect of the hard material layer when impact devices are used has not yet been sufficiently clarified. The one in the experiments Observations suggest that the hard materials the stitching device, such as a knife, such a large one Oppose that this hits the first protective layer is slightly deflected laterally. The next resistance arises from the base of the hard material layer, provided that these are made of suitable materials, such as Aramid fibers. Because of this combined effect of hard material layer and base becomes energy with which the stitching device acts on the protective clothing, dismantled. There the puncture device several layers, each in which this energy reduction done, must penetrate, is sufficient in the lowest layers the stitch energy is no longer sufficient to prevent the To allow stitching device and penetration into the body.

An additional effect probably arises from the fact that the sharpness of a blade by sliding along the hard material particles is reduced. This reduces the Possibility of penetrating the layers below. Here, sharp-edged hard material particles appear to be special to have a favorable impact.

The protective effect shows a dependence on the average Grain diameter of the hard material particles. As suitable a diameter range of 10 - 500 µm was found. Prefers a range from 20 to 200 µm is particularly preferred Range from 25 - 150 µm.

In the abrasives industry, it is common for the Classify hard materials with grit numbers. A grit from P 220 to FEPA corresponds, for example, in the case of Corundum or silicon carbide with an average grain diameter of 66 µm. Of course, the grain diameters are subject a scatter. So are the middle mentioned as an example Grain diameter of 66 µm scatter, which is usually one Normal distribution are subject to between approx. 40 and 90 µm expect.

It has been shown that with small average grain diameters below about 10 µm the desired protective effect is not is given to the extent required, since small Hard material particles only slightly in the manner described above can work. The mentioned limit of approx. 10 µm applies not generally. Depending on the total thickness of the hard material layer a shift to one side or the other. Surprisingly, it was found that larger ones average grain diameter over 500 µm not one compared Diameters of the middle area better stab protection result. Perhaps this can be explained by the fact that covering the carrier material with hard materials for rough ones Particles is not as uniform as with finer particles, so that overall a larger area is insufficient with Portions of the carrier material covered with hard materials are formed and so there are a lot of possibilities for the stitch device, without any significant disability due to the hard materials and to be able to penetrate the carrier material.

The stab protection properties were tested on the basis of to the research and development center for police technology, Münster, published guidelines. Here is a Stitch with a stiletto with sharpened on both sides Blade with a mass of 2.6 kg carried out. The test blade must have an energy of 35 J (this corresponds to a fall height of 1.35 m) on the test material act. Before each stitch test, a homogeneous film of one Lithium soap grease applied to the test blade.

A plasticine block is placed behind the test material as background material appropriate. The intrusion into this block or the resulting one Bulge are the assessment parameters for the Puncture-proof characteristics. According to the guidelines of the Germans Police apply a stab protection material that is a penetration depth less than 20 mm or a bulge less than 40 mm, as suitable for the equipment of security guards.

In addition to this stitch test with a knife-like stitch device tests were also carried out with a needle-like puncture device. For this, a so-called ice pick, as found in American Standards for the stitch test is described, use. It is judged whether the stitch device is stopped or passes through the sample.

To test the test materials, the drop height and drop weight were varied, which results in different stitch energies. The test is also carried out here by assessing the puncture. The drop heights and drop weights used in the tests correspond to the following stab energies: Fall weight in g Fall height in cm Stitch energy in J 7 027 1 0.7 7 027 50 35 2 403 10 2.3 2 403 90 21.2 2 403 100 23.6

The bullet test was also based on the research and development center for police technology, Münster, published guidelines performed.

The test material is bombarded from a distance of 10 m, determining the floor speed in each case is. A plasticine block is placed behind the actual test material appropriate. With the help of the depth of penetration into the plastillin the so-called trauma effect is assessed.

As shown in detail by the embodiment is a good with the protective clothing according to the invention Protection against stabbing devices can be achieved. This is not only true for stitch devices with cutting edges such as knives, daggers etc., but also for needle-like pricking devices. In contrast to the previously proposed Stab protection clothing is provided by the invention Protective clothing due to its relatively low weight, their relatively small thickness and flexibility Comfort, the security forces with those with strong physical Use related workload.

This also applies when the stab protection layers in combination with bullet protection layers for combined protective clothing, i.e. for clothing that protects both against puncture devices and against Bullets offers to be used.

embodiment

To produce special stab protection layers, aramid fabrics were coated with a hard material layer. The fabric was made from aramid filament yarns with a titer of 930 dtex. The same type of yarn was used for warp and weft. The thread count was 10.5 threads / cm in each case. In this way, a fabric with a basis weight of 198 g / m ^{2 was} obtained.

This fabric was washed and, after intermediate drying, coated with a primer made from modified polyacrylate. 45% calcium carbonate was incorporated as a filler into the dispersion of the modified polyacylate resin. The amount of primer was chosen so that the amount applied was 70 g / m ² wet. After drying, there was an overlay of 53 g / m ² on the fabric. Drying was carried out at 100 ° C.

The actual binder coat was then applied, for which a filler-containing dispersion of a phenolic resin precursor was used. The amount of resin was 70%, the amount of filler (calcium carbonate) 30%. The amount of binder layer was chosen so that the amount of binder wet 121 g / m ² (dry mass 90 g / m ² ). The tissue prepared in this way was run into a Bestreuzone, where silicon carbide particles with an average grain diameter of 66 μm, which corresponds to a grain size of P 220, were applied. The binder film was then cured at a temperature of 130.degree. The fabric coated with hard materials was then subjected to a cross-flex treatment.

a. 8 Lagen (Gesamtgewicht ca. 3 600 g/m²)

b. 10 Lagen (Gesamtgewicht ca. 4 450 g/m²) und

c. 12 Lagen (Gesamtgewicht ca. 5 300 g/m²)

gebildet. Diese so hergestellten Stichschutzpakete wurden einem Stichschutztest mit einem Stilett in der oben beschriebenen Weise unterzogen, wobei jeweils drei Einzelprüfungen durchgeführt wurden. Dabei wurden für die Eindringtiefe in die Plastillinschicht folgende Werte erhalten:

a. 14 mm

b. 6 mm

c. 0 mm

The fabric produced in this way, coated with hard materials, was further processed into cuts for protective vests. Three packages were made from the blanks by laying them on top of each other

a. 8 layers (total weight approx. 3,600 g / m ² )

b. 10 layers (total weight approx. 4 450 g / m ² ) and

c. 12 layers (total weight approx. 5 300 g / m ² )

educated. These stab protection packages produced in this way were subjected to a stab protection test with a stylet in the manner described above, three individual tests being carried out in each case. The following values were obtained for the depth of penetration into the plastillin layer:

a. 14 mm

b. 6 mm

c. 0 mm

In all cases, the specification, and therefore the Puncture depth must not be more than 20 mm.

For testing resistance to needle-like pricking devices were 10 layers of hard materials in the manner described coated fabric superimposed. Behind this coated layers became 28 layers of untreated fabric arranged. With a falling weight of 7 027 g, it only came about a drop height of the stitch device of 50 cm (stitch energy 35 J) a minimal puncture.

In comparison, the corresponding test with 28 layers of fabrics not coated with hard materials. Here was already with a fall height of 1 cm (stitch energy 0.7 J) a clear breakthrough was found. Even an increase in The number of layers at 38 did not lead to a sustainable improvement. Here too, the low stitch energy of 0.7 J a clear breakthrough registered.

For another stitch test with a needle-like needle device the drop weight was reduced to 2 403 g. Again 10 layers of coated with hard materials in the manner described Fabric combined into a package with 28 layers an uncoated fabric and a stitch test subjected. At a fall height of 10 cm (stitch energy 2.3 J) no puncture was found, even the increase in Fall height up to 90 cm (stitch energy 21.2 J) did not lead to a Puncture. Only at a fall height of 100 cm (stitch energy 23.6 J) there was a minor puncture.

Again, a comparison with a package that was not coated was made Tissue performed. With a package with 28 layers there was a fall height of 10 cm (stitch energy 2.3 J) clear breakthrough. Even if the number of layers increases at 38 with this stitch energy a puncture was made detected.

These comparisons show what an unexpectedly significant improvement with the protective clothing according to the invention in the protective effect not only in the threat of knife-like pricks, but especially when there is a threat with needle-like ones Stitching devices.

Since the protective clothing according to the invention is intended not only to protect against puncture injuries but also against gunshot wounds, a protective package was formed from 10 layers of an aramid fabric coated with hard materials in the manner described. This was arranged in front of a package consisting of 24 layers of an uncoated aramid fabric with a basis weight of approx. 200 g / m ² . In this way, a protection package for the combined stab and bullet protection was created. The arrangement was such that the actual stab protection layers, that is to say the aramid fabric coated with hard materials, formed the top during the bombardment test, which means that when the bombardment hit the bullet first hit the layers coated with hard materials.

This package (Package B) was subjected to a bombardment test in the manner described above, in comparison to which a package consisting of 28 layers of uncoated fabric (Package A) was bombarded. The following results were achieved: packet structure Beschußgeschw. m / sec Bombardment angle ° Depth of penetration mm by shot Package A 415 90 31 No 417 25 17 No Package B 414 90 26 No 415 25 15 No

The experiments show that with a combined stab and bullet protection package, the stab protection layers in the invention Kind contains that bullet protection effect compared to a conventional one Bullet protection package is not deteriorated.

Claims (14)

1. Protective clothing, in particular clothing for protection against puncture and/or projectile injuries, consisting of a plurality of layers of fabrics made from high-strength materials, whereby more than one of the layers is coated with a hard-solid layer, the hard solids are embedded in phenolic resins, urea resins, latex in cross-linked or non-cross-linked form, epoxy resins, or polyacrylate resins, and the fabrics coated with hard solids have been flexed after the coating process.
2. Protective clothing in accordance with Claim 1, characterized in that the layers coated with a hard-solid layer are the outer layers of the clothing.
3. Protective clothing in accordance with at least one of Claims 1-2, characterized in that it contains 2-20 layers of fabrics coated with a hard-solid layer.
4. Protective clothing, in particular protective clothing for combined puncture and bullet protection, in accordance with at least one of Claims 1-3, characterized in that it contains 6-50 layers of an uncoated aramide woven fabric and more than one layer of a fabric coated with a hard-solid layer.
5. Protective clothing in accordance with Claim 4, characterized in that it contains 6-50 layers of an uncoated aramide woven fabric and 2-20 layers of a fabric coated with a hard-solid layer.
6. Protective clothing in accordance with at least one of Claims 4-5, characterized in that the layers coated with a hard-solid layer are constructed as a removable package.
7. Protective clothing, in particular protective clothing against puncture injuries, in accordance with Claim 1, characterized in that its protective layers consist only of layers of fabrics coated with a hard solid.
8. Protective clothing in accordance with Claim 7, characterized in that it contains a padding layer under the layers coated with hard solids on the side facing the wearer.
9. Protective clothing in accordance'with at least one of Claims 1-8, characterized in that the base material of the layers coated with a hard-solid layer is a fabric made from aramides, high-strength polyolefins, or other high-strength materials.
10. Protective clothing in accordance with Claim 9, characterized in that the fabrics are woven fabrics made from aramide yarns, yarns of polyethylene fibers spun using the gel spinning process, or yarns of other high-strength fibers.
11. Protective clothing in accordance with at least one of Claims 1-10, characterized in that the fabrics coated with a hard-solid layer have a thin layer of a polymer material on the hard-solid side.
12. Protective clothing in accordance with at least one of Claims 1-11, characterized in that the hard-solid layer consists of silicon carbide, high-quality fused alumina, standard corundum, secondary fused alumina, zirconium corundum, tungsten carbide, titanium carbide, molybdenum carbide, boron carbide, boron nitride, or mixtures of these hard solids.
13. Protective clothing in accordance with at least one of Claims 1-12, characterized in that the hard solids have an average grain diameter of 10-500 µm.
14. Protective clothing in accordance with at least one of Claims 1-13, characterized in that the fabrics coated with hard solids have a thickness of 0.1-1.5 mm.