EP1052344A1 - Straight stairway, in particular with straight strings and open risers, kit for mounting this stairway and method of mounting it - Google Patents

Abstract

The frame for a stairway has side rails (2) supporting steps (6) mounted at an angle equal to that of the stairway. Each ste can be rotated around a pivot axis on the step perpendicular to the rail and engaging in a hole (5) in the rail. The pivot axis and position lock are formed integrally on a bracket (7).

Description

The present invention relates to a straight staircase, in particular a miller's ladder, a "kit" for mounting this staircase and a method of mounting the stairs.

The straight staircases, in particular the miller's ladders are well known. They are arranged so that one end rests on a practically horizontal ground and that the other end is supported on a vertical surface. They have a specific footprint and allow to mount a specific height, the angle α between the axis longitudinal of the stringer and the ground being the angle of climb.

Straight stairs are generally made up of at minus a stringer or lateral upright in the form of a plank elongated rectilinear, preferably by two parallel stringers, and by steps fixed to at least one stringer by one of their ends, of preferably attached to a stringer at each of their ends. In the straight stairs, there is no step. However, the staircase right may have a bottom that closes the space between the steps. The steps are simply made up of planks generally rectangular of sufficient width, which are fixed to the stringer so as to be horizontal when the staircase is in place. A silt, or both stringers, may (or may) carry a handrail or ramp to balusters. These stairs are usually made of wood.

These straight staircases were most often made in notching regularly spaced grooves in one side of the stringers on the longitudinal axis of the stringer, in which we fixed by fitting one end of the steps. This notching operation is long and expensive. On the other hand, these grooves must be oriented so that the steps, after setting up the stairs, are horizontal and therefore make with the longitudinal axis of the stringers an angle α equal to the angle of climb. But during assembly, this angle is not modifiable and the possibilities of adjusting the staircase to a determined location, i.e. at a climb height and a dimensions, are therefore very small.

To solve this problem, it has been proposed to use between the stringer and the end of a step a whirling device consisting of a blind bore in the stringer and a pivot protruding from the song of the step at the end of it; this device makes it possible to orient the walk so that its average plane make with the longitudinal axis of the stringer an angle α equal to the angle of climb. When the step has the desired position, it is kept in position using a separate wedge fixed to the stringer by screwing, the step resting on this wedge. This assembly of the steps has the advantage to adjust the rotating position of the steps when of the assembly, but it has certain drawbacks. The steps do are fixed to the stringer only by the projection cooperating with the blind hole formed in the silt. Under these conditions, after a certain time of use, this connection can deteriorate and certain steps can become mobile, which presents a danger. In addition, the orientation of the walking is difficult to maintain when fitting wedges.

According to the present invention, it has been found that one can remedy the above drawbacks by using for fixing the end of the stringer steps, an independent room which leads to the times the projection cooperating with a blind bore made in the stringer and fixing means, on the one hand to the stringer and, on the other hand, to the end of the steps. Therefore, this piece allows both the mounting the step in a determined position in rotation and its attachment to the stringer through it.

The present invention therefore relates to a straight staircase, in particular of the miller's ladder type, intended to be disposed between a practically horizontal floor and a practically vertical wall with a angle of climb α, said staircase comprising at least one stringer supporting at least one step, the average plane of the (or each) step can be oriented so that it does, with the axis longitudinal stringer, an angle substantially equal to the angle of climb α of the staircase, this orientation being achieved by rotation of the (or each) walks around an axis substantially perpendicular to the stringer using a whirling device constituted, in the vicinity of (or of each) stringer, by a blind bore in the (or each) stringer and a projection secured to the (or each) step, a means of support allowing to block with respect to the stringer (s) the (or each) walks in the position obtained by the orientation mentioned above, characterized in that the projection of the swiveling and the means for holding in position the (or each) steps are part of the same piece independent of (or each) stringer and step (s), this part being attached to both stringer and to a step by a means other than the projection.

According to a preferred embodiment, the independent part is advantageously constituted by a square comprising two wings arranged at right angles on either side of an edge, one of the wings being a blade attached to a stringer and the other wing being a blade attached to the end of a step, the blade of the square fixed on the stringer bearing the projection associated with said step.

The square can be of any sufficiently strong material, such as a molded plastic or, preferably, a metal: steel, aluminum, copper. It is, more particularly, made of steel.

The projection carried by the square can be a cylindrical pivot obtained by molding when the square is made of plastic, or fixed on the blade when the square is metal. When the blade is in metal, the projection is preferably a boss or a flat obtained by stamping or other means of manufacture.

Each bracket is fixed by screws on a stringer and on a end of the steps, each of the blades of the bracket having screw holes.

The square is preferably arranged on the stringer so that the opening of the right angle is turned upwards, but this opening can also be turned down.

Each step is, in plan view, generally substantially rectangular and has large edges substantially perpendicular to the stringer (s) and small edges substantially parallel to the stringer (s). However, the steps could include a rounding on the front edge of the stairs.

Brackets can be attached to the end of a step on its upper side, but for aesthetic reasons they are preferably fixed on its underside. In this case, a rebate is preferably formed on its underside on a small edge of walking parallel to it for fixing one of the wings of the square. The step preferably has a rebate at each of its ends. The rebate advantageously has a depth close to the thickness of the wing of the square.

The staircase according to the invention preferably comprises two stringers which are, of course, parallel. On the inside of each stringer is provided with a series of blind holes regularly spaced along the longitudinal axis of the stringer, the distance between two bores corresponding to the desired distance between two steps. Each step is connected to the stringer by means of brackets, in a position such that its mean plane makes with the longitudinal axis of let us file an angle equal to the angle of climb α of the staircase. The steps are therefore parallel to each other and when the staircase is in place, they are horizontal.

The upper edge of the stringer resting on a vertical wall is cut according to the determined climb angle, i.e. so that the longitudinal axis of the stringer forms on a vertical surface a angle β = 90 ° - α, α being equal to the angle of climb.

The lower edge of the stringer that will rest on the ground can also be cut according to the angle of climb of the staircase right to adjust it to the ground surface, that is to say so that it does with the longitudinal axis of the stringer an angle α. However, according to a mode of preferred embodiment, the lower edge of the stringer is rounded, for example in an arc. The lower edge can thus adapt to any angle of climb. Then just cut the upper edge of the stringer so that it fits on the vertical wall. In some cases, this avoids modify the length of the staircase, i.e. cut it, adjusting only the top edge of the stringer. This embodiment has the advantage of keeping the distance from the steps to ends of the stringers, which is not always the case when intersects the stairs.

According to the invention, at least one of the stringers can carry a handrail or banister railing.

• deux limons sur une face desquels a été ménagée une série d'alésages borgnes régulièrement espacés longitudinalement, la disposition des alésages étant la même sur les deux limons ;
• des marches en nombre au moins égal au nombre des alésages borgnes ménagés dans les limons ;
• des équerres en nombre au moins égal au double du nombre de marches ;
• des vis pour fixer les équerres sur les limons et sur l'extrémité des marches.

The present invention also relates to a "kit" or assembly for mounting a staircase as described above, characterized in that it contains, in the unassembled state, the following elements, as well as possibly an explanatory note for the assembly:

• two stringers on one face of which has been formed a series of blind bores regularly spaced longitudinally, the arrangement of the bores being the same on the two stringers;
• steps in number at least equal to the number of blind holes in the stringers;
• squares in number at least twice the number of steps;
• screws to fix the brackets on the stringers and on the end of the steps.

Preferably, in the "kit", the lower edge of the stringers is rounded, the upper edge preferably being perpendicular to the axis longitudinal of the stringer, so that it can be cut at the time of mounting.

Preferably, the "kit" also contains a series of templates drawn on the same support, in the form of triangles rectangles with different angles α and β = 90 ° - α. These templates will be described in more detail below.

• on emboíte la saillie d'une équerre dans un premier alésage borgne d'un limon ;
• on oriente l'équerre de façon que l'arête de l'équerre fasse avec l'axe longitudinal du limon un angle α égal à l'angle de montée déterminé pour l'escalier ;
• on fixe l'équerre sur le limon, et
• on fixe une marche sur l'équerre.

The present invention also relates to a method of mounting the staircase according to the invention, optionally from a "kit" according to the invention, comprising the following steps for mounting the end of a step to a stringer :

• it fits the projection of a square in a first blind bore of a stringer;
• the angle is oriented so that the edge of the square makes with the longitudinal axis of the stringer an angle α equal to the climb angle determined for the staircase;
• we fix the square on the stringer, and
• we set a step on the square.

According to this method, the angle α is preferably measured using of a template.

The above steps are repeated for all the brackets until all the steps are fixed by their ends to each of the stringers.

• on calcule ou évalue l'angle de montée de l'escalier en fonction de la hauteur de montée et de l'encombrement au sol ;
• on raccourcit éventuellement l'échelle ;
• on ajuste la découpe du bord supérieur du limon de façon qu'il fasse un angle β = 90° - α avec l'axe longitudinal du limon, en utilisant, de préférence, un gabarit pour mesurer l'angle β = 90° - α et lorsque le bord inférieur du limon n'est pas arrondi, on découpe le bord inférieur du limon, en utilisant éventuellement un gabarit pour visualiser l'angle α.

Optionally, the above steps are preceded by the steps according to which:

• the angle of climb of the staircase is calculated or evaluated as a function of the climb height and the space occupied on the ground;
• the scale may be shortened;
• the cut of the upper edge of the stringer is adjusted so that it makes an angle β = 90 ° - α with the longitudinal axis of the stringer, preferably using a template to measure the angle β = 90 ° - α and when the lower edge of the stringer is not rounded, the lower edge of the stringer is cut out, possibly using a template to visualize the angle α.

The description given below, by way of illustration and in no way limiting, will, with reference to the accompanying drawing, better understand the invention.

• la figure 1 est une vue de côté, schématique, d'un escalier droit selon l'invention constitué par une échelle de meunier ;
• la figure 2 est une vue partielle en perspective éclatée, de l'escalier de la figure 1 en cours de montage ;
• la figure 3 est une vue partielle de l'escalier de la figure 2, après montage ;
• la figure 4 est une vue en coupe selon un plan vertical repéré par IV-IV sur la figure 3, cette coupe montrant le montage de l'extrémité d'une marche sur un limon ;
• la figure 5 représente un gabarit pour la visualisation de l'angle de montée α et de son complément lors du montage de l'escalier de la figure 1.

On this drawing :

• Figure 1 is a schematic side view of a straight staircase according to the invention consisting of a miller's ladder;
• Figure 2 is a partial exploded perspective view of the staircase of Figure 1 during assembly;
• Figure 3 is a partial view of the staircase of Figure 2, after assembly;
• Figure 4 is a sectional view along a vertical plane identified by IV-IV in Figure 3, this section showing the mounting of the end of a step on a stringer;
• FIG. 5 represents a template for viewing the angle of climb α and its complement during the assembly of the staircase of FIG. 1.

Figure 1 shows a sucker scale 1 according to the invention. It is placed between practically horizontal ground and a practically vertical wall. The climb height is designated by h and the footprint by e. The angle between the longitudinal axis AA 'of the stringer (or of the longitudinal edges of the stringer) and the ground or angle rise of the sucker ladder is designated by α.

The miller's ladder 1 has two stringers 2, the medium planes are parallel. These strings 2 are constituted by elongated wooden planks, the longitudinal edges of which are parallel. In the embodiment shown, the lower edge 3 of the stringers which rests on the ground is rounded. The upper edge 4 of each stringer is cut so as to make with the longitudinal axis AA 'of the stringer a angle β = 90 ° - α, which allows the silt to be properly applied 2 against the vertical wall. As seen in Figure 2, in the face internal of the stringer is made a series of 5 spaced blind holes regularly on the longitudinal axis of the stringer, the arrangement of bores being the same on each stringer.

The staircase has a number of steps 6 which are consisting of boards of generally rectangular shape having large edges substantially perpendicular to the stringer and small edges substantially parallel to the stringer. Number of steps is generally equal to the number of bores in each silt. The space between two consecutive bores therefore determines the space between two consecutive steps.

According to the embodiment shown, a rebate 12 is formed in the thickness of step 6 parallel to the small edge of the step at each end of the step.

According to the invention, the steps 6 are fixed on the stringers 2 by brackets 7, or angles. These 7 brackets are constituted by two wings 8, 9 arranged at right angles on both sides an edge, one of the wings being a blade 8, the free edge of which is parallel to the edge which is fixed on one of the stringers 2 and the other wing being a blade 9 whose free edge is also parallel to the edge and which, according to the embodiment shown, is fixed under step 6 to one end of it at the rebate 12. Depending on the method of shown embodiment, the right angle of the square is facing up of the stairs. Blades 8 and 9 are almost identical in length the width of the steps, the different brackets having the same width.

According to the embodiment described, the brackets are in steel. The blade 8 has in its center a boss 10, which has been obtained by stamping, and two screw holes 11 arranged symmetrically with respect to the boss. The boss 10 has a shape and a dimension such that it can penetrate a blind bore 5 formed in the stringer 2, temporarily maintain the square 7 on the stringer 2 and rotate freely in the blind bore 5 of the stringer. The blade 9 is also provided with two screw holes 11 for the passage of screws for screwing the step 6 onto the blade 9 of the bracket 7 at the level of the rebate 12.

A "kit" or set for making the ladder miller described above includes, in the unassembled state, two stringers 2 drilled holes in which are blind holes 5, the number steps 6 corresponding to at least the number of blind bores 5 on each stringer 2, a number of brackets 7 at least double the number of steps 6, and the number of screws at least equal to that necessary for mounting all steps 6. The "kit" includes also an explanatory note and a series of templates for the visualization of the angle α of the mean plane of walking with the axis longitudinal of the stringer and its complementary angle β = 90 ° - α between the longitudinal axis of the stringer and the vertical bearing surface of the stairs. The series of templates is drawn on the same support rigid; it consists of a series of right triangles, of which hypotenuse C makes angles α and β = 90 ° - α variable, varying by example from degree to degree, relative to the sides of the right angle A and B. A series of templates of this type is shown in Figure 5.

For mounting the miller's ladder with the elements of "kit", the user determines the angle of climb α according to the climb height h and desired footprint e. He cuts out the template corresponding to the angle α determined. Possibly, shortens the stringers if they are too long, which is generally the case to eliminate steps; the upper edge 4 of the stringer 2 is cut from so that it makes an angle β = 90 ° - α with the longitudinal axis AA ' of the stringer, to which the lateral edges of the stringer 2 are parallel. For this do, the user places side B of the cut template on the edge superior of the silt and cut the silt along hypotenuse C of the template. Then he fixes the brackets 7 on the stringers 2. For each square 7, it introduces the boss 10 in a blind bore 5 of the stringer and it rotates the square 7 so that its edge makes a angle α with the longitudinal axis AA 'of the stringer: it therefore applies the template hypotenuse C on the edge of the stringer and it has the edge of square it along side A of the right triangle. He then screws the square 7 on the stringer using screws passing through the screw holes 11 of the blade 8 of the square, preferably so that the free edge of the blade 8 opposite the edge of the bracket 7 is turned upwards from the stringer, that is to say opposite the rounded lower edge 3 of the stringer; the angle right of the square therefore opens upwards.

He can then fix the steps 6 on the brackets 7. For this purpose, it places each step 6 on the blades 9 of two brackets 7 facing each other, so that each blade 9 enters a rebate 12 at one end of a step. Of this way, the brackets 7 are fixed under the steps 6 of the ladder sucker after assembly. Finally, we draw up the miller's ladder and it is fixed by the upper edges 4 of the stringers on the vertical wall. The lower edge 3 of the stringers being rounded automatically adapts at the angle of ascent of the staircase.

Claims (13)

Straight staircase, in particular of the miller's ladder type, intended to be placed between a practically horizontal floor and a wall practically vertical with a climb angle a, said staircase comprising at least one stringer (2) supporting at least one step (6), the average plan of the (or each) step can be oriented so that it makes, with the longitudinal axis (A-A ') of the stringer (2), an angle substantially equal to the angle of climb α of the staircase, this orientation being produced by rotation of the (or each) step (6) around a axis substantially perpendicular to the stringer (2) using a device of whirling constituted, in the vicinity of (or each) silt (2), by a blind bore (5) formed in the (or each) stringer (2) and a projection (10) integral with the (or each) step (6), a means of support allowing to block with respect to the stringer (s) the (or each) walks in the position obtained by the orientation mentioned above, characterized in that the projection (10) of the swiveling and the means for holding in position the (or each) steps (6) are part of the same piece independent of (or each) stringer (2) and the step (s) (6), this part being fixed both to a stringer (2) and to a step (6) by a means other than the projection (10). Staircase according to claim 1, characterized in that that it has two stringers (2). Staircase according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized by the fact that the independent part is constituted by a square (7) comprising two wings (8, 9) arranged at right angles on either side an edge, one of the wings being a blade (8) fixed on a stringer (2) and the other wing being a blade (9) fixed to the end of a step (6), the blade (8) of the bracket (7) fixed on the stringer (2) carrying the projection (10) associated with said step (6). Staircase according to claim 3, characterized in that that the square is made of metal and the projection (10) carried by the square (7) is a boss or a puncture obtained by stamping. Staircase according to one of claims 3 or 4, characterized by the fact that the bracket (7) is fixed by screws on a stringer (2) and on a step end (6), each of the blades (8, 9) of the bracket (7) having screw holes (11). Staircase according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by the fact that each step (6) is, seen in plan, substantially rectangular and has two large edges substantially perpendicular to the stringer (s) (2) and two substantially small edges parallel to the stringer (s) (2), a rebate (12) being formed on the underside of the small edges of the steps (6) for fixing the blade (9) of the square (7). Staircase according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by the fact that the lower edge (3) of the stringer (2), intended to rest on the ground is rounded. Staircase according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized by the fact that at least one of the stringers (2) carries a handrail or a railing with balusters. Kit for mounting a staircase (1) according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it contains, in the unassembled state, the following elements: two stringers (2) on one side of which has been provided a series of blind bores (5) regularly spaced longitudinally, the arrangement of the bores (5) being the same on the two stringers (2); steps (6) in number at least equal to the number of blind holes (5) formed in the stringers (2); brackets (7) in number at least twice the number of steps (6); screws to secure the brackets (7) with the stringers (2) and the steps (6). Kit according to claim 9, characterized in that that one end of each of the stringers (2) is rounded. Kit according to claim 10, characterized in that it contains on a single support a series of templates drawn in the form of a series of right triangles having angles α and β = 90 ° - α different. Method for mounting a straight staircase according to one of claims 1 to 8, optionally from a kit according to one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that: the projection (10) of a bracket (7) is fitted into a blind bore (5) of a stringer (2), the angle (7) is oriented so that the edge of the angle (7) forms with the longitudinal axis of the stringer (2) an angle α equal to the angle of climb of the staircase, the bracket (7) is fixed to the stringer (2) by the blade (8), a step (6) is fixed on the bracket (7) by the blade (9), these steps being carried out for at least one end of each step (6) of the staircase. Method according to claim 12, characterized in that before fixing the steps (6) on the stringer (s) (2): the angle α of the staircase climb is calculated as a function of the climb height (h) and the footprint (e) on the ground, we possibly shorten the stringers (2), the cutting of the upper edge (4) of the stringer (s) is optionally adjusted so that said upper edge (4) makes an angle β = 90 ° - α with the longitudinal axis (AA ') of the stringer ( 2), and optionally, when the lower edge (3) of the stringer (2) is not rounded, the cutout of the lower edge (3) of the stringer (s) is adjusted.

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