EP1052344B1 - Kit for mounting a straight stairway and mounting method using it - Google Patents

Abstract

The frame for a stairway has side rails (2) supporting steps (6) mounted at an angle equal to that of the stairway. Each ste can be rotated around a pivot axis on the step perpendicular to the rail and engaging in a hole (5) in the rail. The pivot axis and position lock are formed integrally on a bracket (7).

Description

The present invention relates to a "kit" for mounting a straight staircase, in particular a miller's ladder, and a method of mounting the staircase from said kit.

The straight staircases, in particular the miller's ladders are well known. They are arranged so that one end rests on a practically horizontal ground and that the other end is supported on a vertical surface. They have a specific footprint and allow to mount a specific height, the angle α between the axis longitudinal of the stringer and the ground being the angle of climb.

Straight stairs are generally made up of at minus a stringer or lateral upright in the form of a plank elongated rectilinear, preferably by two parallel stringers, and by steps fixed to at least one stringer by one of their ends, preferably attached to a stringer at each of their ends. In the straight stairs, there is no step. However, the staircase right may have a bottom that closes the space between the steps. The steps are simply made up of planks generally rectangular of sufficient width, which are fixed to the stringer so as to be horizontal when the staircase is in place. A silt, or both stringers, may (or may) carry a handrail or ramp to balusters. These stairs are usually made of wood.

These straight staircases were most often made in notching regularly spaced grooves in one side of the stringers on the longitudinal axis of the stringer, in which we fixed by fitting one end of the steps. This notching operation is long and expensive. On the other hand, these grooves must be oriented so that the steps, after setting up the stairs, are horizontal and therefore make with the longitudinal axis of the stringers an angle α equal to the angle of climb. But during assembly, this angle is not modifiable and the possibilities of adjusting the staircase to a determined location, i.e. at a climb height and a dimensions, are therefore very small.

To solve this problem, it has been proposed to use between the stringer and the end of a step a whirling device consisting of a blind bore in the stringer and a pivot protruding from the song of the step at the end of it; this device makes it possible to orient the walk so that its average plane make with the longitudinal axis of the stringer an angle α equal to the angle of mounted (see document DE-A-19 505 789). When walking has the desired position, it is held in position by screwing the projection to the stringer, using screws crossing the projection or the silt at the location of the bore. This montage steps has the advantage of making it possible to adjust the rotating position steps at the time of assembly, but it presents some disadvantages. The steps are only fixed to the stringer by the projection cooperating with the blind hole in the stringer and said screws. In these conditions, after a certain time of use the screws can damage the projection and / or the stringer, so that this bond can deteriorate and some steps can become mobile, which is dangerous. In addition, the orientation of the step is difficult to maintain during installation. screws.

Other systems have been proposed to solve the problem mentioned above (see documents WO-A-90/07041, GB-A-2 110 737 and US-A-5,636,483), but are not satisfactory due to their relative complexity.

The object of the present invention is to remedy the disadvantages.

The solution according to, the present invention consists of a kit for mounting a staircase straight, in particular of the miller's ladder type, intended to be placed between a practically horizontal floor and a practically vertical wall with a climb angle α, said kit comprising at least one stringer and at minus one step intended to be supported by said stringer, the plane means of (or each) step that can be oriented so that it make an angle with the longitudinal axis of (or each) stringer substantially equal to the angle of climb α of the staircase, this orientation being achievable by rotation of the (or each) step around an axis substantially perpendicular to (or to each) stringer using a whirling device, a holding means for blocking walking with respect to the stringer in the position obtained by the orientation mentioned above, said whirling device and said means of maintenance of the (or each) step both belonging to said kit, said whirling device being constituted, in the vicinity of (or each) stringer, by a blind bore in the stringer and a projection integral with the step and intended to rotate in the bore of the stringer, the projection of the turning device and the means for holding in position being part of the same piece independent of the silt and the step, this part being intended to be fixed both to the stringer and to the step by means other than the projection, the independent part being constituted by a metal square with two wings arranged at right angles to on either side of an edge, one of the wings being a blade intended to be fixed on the stringer and the other wing being a blade intended to be fixed to the end of the step, the blade of the square to be fixed on the stringer carrying the projection associated with said step, the projection carried by the square being a boss or a flat obtained by stamping and said projection being located practically in the center of the blade to attach to the stringer.

The square can be of any sufficiently strong metal, such as than steel, aluminum, copper. She is, more particularly, in steel.

The kit includes screws to fix said (or each) bracket on the stringer and on the end of the associated step, each of the blades of the square with screw holes.

The square is preferably arranged on the stringer so that the opening of the right angle is turned upwards, but this opening can also be turned down.

Each step is, in plan view, generally substantially rectangular and has large edges substantially perpendicular to the stringer (s) and small edges substantially parallel to the stringer (s). However, the steps could include a rounding on the front edge of the stairs.

Brackets can be attached to the end of the (or each) works on its upper side, but for aesthetic reasons they are preferably fixed on its underside. In this case, a rebate is preferably formed on its underside on a small edge of the step parallel to it for fixing one of the wings of the square. The step preferably has a rebate at each of its ends. The rebate advantageously has a depth close to the thickness of the wing of the square.

The kit according to the invention preferably comprises two stringers which are, of course, parallel. On the inside of each stringer, a series of blind holes are regularly spaced according to the longitudinal axis of the stringer, the distance between two holes corresponding to the desired distance between two steps. Each step is intended to be connected to the stringer via brackets, in a position such that its mean plane makes with the longitudinal axis stringers an angle equal to the angle of climb α of the staircase. The steps are therefore parallel to each other and when the staircase is in place, they are horizontal.

The upper edge of the stringer resting on a vertical wall is cut according to the determined climb angle, i.e. so that the longitudinal axis of the stringer forms on a vertical surface a angle β = 90 ° - α, α being equal to the angle of climb.

The lower edge of the stringer that will rest on the ground can also be cut according to the angle of climb of the staircase right to adjust it to the ground surface, that is to say so that it does with the longitudinal axis of the stringer an angle α. However, according to a mode of preferred embodiment, the lower edge of the stringer is rounded, for example in arc. The lower edge can thus adapt to any angle of climb. Then just cut the upper edge of the stringer so that it fits on the vertical wall: This avoids, in some cases, modify the length of the staircase, i.e. cut it, by adjusting only the upper edge of the stringer. This embodiment has the advantage of keeping the distance from the steps ends of the stringers, which is not always the case when cutting the staircase.

At least one of the stringers is intended to carry a handrail or a railing with balusters.

• deux limons sur une face desquels a été ménagée une série d'alésages borgnes régulièrement espacés longitudinalement, la disposition des alésages étant la même sur les deux limons ;
• des marches en nombre au moins égal au nombre des alésages borgnes ménagés dans les limons ;
• des équerres en nombre au moins égal au double du nombre de marches ;
• des vis pour fixer les équerres sur les limons et sur l'extrémité des marches ;
• une série de gabarits dessinés sur un même support, sous forme de triangles rectangles ayant des angles α et β = 90° - α différents.

The kit described above contains, in the unassembled state, the following elements, as well as possibly an explanatory note for the assembly:

• two stringers on one face of which has been provided a series of blind holes regularly spaced longitudinally, the arrangement of the holes being the same on the two stringers;
• steps in number at least equal to the number of blind holes in the stringers;
• squares in number at least twice the number of steps;
• screws to fix the brackets on the stringers and on the end of the steps;
• a series of templates drawn on the same support, in the form of right triangles having angles α and β = 90 ° - α different.

Preferably, in the kit, the lower edge of the stringers is rounded, the upper edge preferably being perpendicular to the axis longitudinal of the stringer, so that it can be cut at the time of mounting.

• on emboíte la saillie d'une équerre dans un premier alésage borgne d'un limon ;
• on oriente l'équerre de façon que l'arête de l'équerre fasse avec l'axe longitudinal du limon un angle α égal à l'angle de montée déterminé pour l'escalier ;
• on fixe l'équerre sur le limon, et
• on fixe une marche sur l'équerre.

The present invention also relates to a method of mounting a straight staircase from a kit according to the invention, comprising the following steps for mounting the end of a step to a stringer:

• we follow the projection of a square in a first blind bore of a stringer;
• the angle is oriented so that the edge of the square makes with the longitudinal axis of the stringer an angle α equal to the climb angle determined for the staircase;
• we fix the square on the stringer, and
• we set a step on the square.

According to this method, the angle α is preferably measured using of a template.

The above steps are repeated for all the brackets until all the steps are fixed by their ends to each of the stringers.

• on calcule ou évalue l'angle de montée de l'escalier en fonction de la hauteur de montée et de l'encombrement au sol ;
• on raccourcit éventuellement l'échelle ;
• on ajuste la découpe du bord supérieur du limon de façon qu'il fasse un angle β = 90° - α avec l'axe longitudinal du limon, en utilisant, de préférence, un gabarit pour mesurer l'angle β = 90° - α et lorsque le bord inférieur du limon n'est pas arrondi, on découpe le bord inférieur du limon, en utilisant éventuellement un gabarit pour visualiser l'angle α.

Optionally, the above steps are preceded by the steps according to which:

• the angle of climb of the staircase is calculated or evaluated as a function of the height of climb and the space occupied on the ground;
• the scale may be shortened;
• the cut of the upper edge of the stringer is adjusted so that it makes an angle β = 90 ° - α with the longitudinal axis of the stringer, preferably using a template to measure the angle β = 90 ° - α and when the lower edge of the stringer is not rounded, the lower edge of the stringer is cut out, possibly using a template to visualize the angle α.

The description given below, by way of illustration and in no way limiting, will, with reference to the accompanying drawing, better understand the invention.

• la figure 1 est une vue de côté, schématique, d'un escalier droit selon l'invention constitué par une échelle de meunier ;
• la figure 2 est une vue partielle en perspective éclatée, de l'escalier de la figure 1 en cours de montage ;
• la figure 3 est une vue partielle de l'escalier de la figure 2, après montage ;
• la figure 4 est une vue en coupe selon un plan vertical repéré par IV-IV sur la figure 3, cette coupe montrant le montage de l'extrémité d'une marche sur un limon ;
• la figure 5 représente un gabarit pour la visualisation de l'angle de montée α et de son complément lors du montage de l'escalier de la figure 1.

On this drawing :

• Figure 1 is a schematic side view of a straight staircase according to the invention consisting of a miller's ladder;
• Figure 2 is a partial exploded perspective view of the staircase of Figure 1 during assembly;
• Figure 3 is a partial view of the staircase of Figure 2, after assembly;
• Figure 4 is a sectional view along a vertical plane identified by IV-IV in Figure 3, this section showing the mounting of the end of a step on a stringer;
• FIG. 5 represents a template for viewing the angle of climb α and its complement during the assembly of the staircase of FIG. 1.

Figure 1 shows a sucker scale 1 according to the invention. It is placed between practically horizontal ground and a practically vertical wall. The climb height is designated by h and the footprint by e. The angle between the longitudinal axis AA 'of the stringer (or of the longitudinal edges of the stringer) and the ground or angle rise of the sucker ladder is designated by α.

The miller's ladder 1 has two stringers 2, the medium planes are parallel. These strings 2 are constituted by elongated wooden planks, the longitudinal edges of which are parallel. In the embodiment shown, the lower edge 3 of the stringers which rests on the ground is rounded. The upper edge 4 of each stringer is cut so as to make with the longitudinal axis AA 'of the stringer a angle β = 90 ° - α, which allows the silt to be properly applied 2 against the vertical wall. As seen in Figure 2, in the face internal of the stringer is provided a series of 5 spaced blind holes regularly on the longitudinal axis of the stringer, the arrangement of bores being the same on each stringer.

The staircase has a number of steps 6 which are consisting of boards of generally rectangular shape having large edges substantially perpendicular to the stringer and small edges substantially parallel to the stringer. Number of steps is generally equal to the number of bores made in each silt. The space between two consecutive bores therefore determines the space between two consecutive steps.

According to the embodiment shown, a rebate 12 is formed in the thickness of step 6 parallel to the small edge of the step at each end of the step.

According to the invention, the steps 6 are fixed on the stringers 2 by brackets 7, or angles. These 7 brackets are constituted by two wings 8, 9 arranged at right angles on both sides an edge, one of the wings being a blade 8, the free edge of which is parallel to the edge which is fixed on one of the stringers 2 and the other wing being a blade 9 whose free edge is also parallel to the edge and which, according to the embodiment shown, is fixed under step 6 to one end of it at the rebate 12. Depending on the method of shown embodiment, the right angle of the square is facing up of the stairs. Blades 8 and 9 are almost identical in length the width of the steps, the different brackets having the same width.

According to the embodiment described, the brackets are in steel. The blade 8 has in its center a boss 10, which has been obtained by stamping, and two screw holes 11 arranged symmetrically with respect to the boss. The boss 10 has a shape and a dimension such that it can penetrate a blind bore 5 formed in the stringer 2, temporarily maintain the square 7 on the stringer 2 and rotate freely in the blind bore 5 of the stringer. The blade 9 is also provided with two screw holes 11 for the passage of screws for screwing the step 6 onto the blade 9 of the bracket 7 at the level of the rebate 12.

A "kit" or set for making the ladder miller described above includes, in the unassembled state, two stringers 2 drilled holes in which are blind holes 5, the number steps 6 corresponding to at least the number of blind bores 5 on each stringer 2, a number of brackets 7 at least double the number of steps 6, and the number of screws at least equal to that necessary for mounting all the steps 6. The "kit" includes also an explanatory note and a series of templates for the visualization of the angle α of the mean plane of the step with the axis longitudinal of the stringer and its complementary angle β = 90 ° - α between the longitudinal axis of the stringer and the vertical bearing surface of the staircase. The series of templates is drawn on the same support rigid; it consists of a series of right triangles, of which hypotenuse C makes angles α and β = 90 ° - α variable, varying by example from degree to degree, relative to the sides of the right angle A and B. A series of templates of this type is shown in Figure 5.

For mounting the miller's ladder with the elements of "kit", the user determines the angle of climb α depending on the climb height h and desired floor space e. He cuts out the template corresponding to the angle α determined. Possibly, shortens the stringers if they are too long, which is usually the case to eliminate steps; the upper edge 4 of the stringer 2 is cut from so that it makes an angle β = 90 ° - α with the longitudinal axis AA ' of the stringer, to which the lateral edges of the stringer 2 are parallel. For this do, the user places side B of the cut template superior of the silt and cut the silt along hypotenuse C of the template. Then he fixes the brackets 7 on the stringers 2. For each square 7, it introduces the boss 10 in a blind bore 5 of the stringer and it rotates the square 7 so that its edge makes a angle α with the longitudinal axis AA 'of the stringer: it therefore applies the template hypotenuse C on the edge of the stringer and it has the edge of square it along side A of the right triangle. He then screws the square 7 on the stringer using screws passing through the screw holes 11 of the blade 8 of the square, preferably so that the free edge of the blade 8 opposite the edge of the bracket 7 is turned upwards from the stringer, that is to say opposite the rounded lower edge 3 of the stringer; angle right of the square therefore opens upwards.

He can then fix the steps 6 on the brackets 7. For this purpose, it places each step 6 on the blades 9 of two brackets 7 facing each other, so that each blade 9 enters a rebate 12 at one end of a step. Of this way, the brackets 7 are fixed under the steps 6 of the ladder miller after assembly. Finally, we draw up the miller's ladder and it is fixed by the upper edges 4 of the stringers on the vertical wall. The lower edge 3 of the stringers being rounded automatically adapts at the angle of ascent of the staircase.

Claims (10)

1. Kit for assembling straight stairs, in particular of the open riser type, which are intended to be placed between a practically horizontal ground surface and a practically vertical wall at an angle of climb α, said kit comprising at least one string (2) and at least one step (6) intended to be supported by said string (2), the mid-plane of the step (or of each step) being able to be oriented so that it forms, with the longitudinal axis (A-A') of the string (or of each string) (2), an angle which is substantially equal to the angle of climb α of the stairs, this orientation being obtained by rotating the step (or each step) (6) about an axis substantially perpendicular to the string (or to each string) (2) with the aid of a journal arrangement, a holding means making it possible to block the step in relation to the string in the position obtained by the abovementioned orientation, said journal arrangement and said means for holding the step (or each step) both belonging to said kit, said journal arrangement comprising, near the string (or each string) (2), a blind bore (5) formed in the string (2) and a projection (10) integral with the step (6) and intended to turn in the bore of the string, characterized in that the projection (10) of the journal arrangement and the means for holding in position are part of a single component independent of the string (2) and of the step (6), this component being intended to be fixed both to the string (2) and to the step (6) by a means other than the projection (10), the independent component being formed by a metal angle bracket (7) comprising two wings (8, 9) arranged at right angles on either side of an edge, one of the wings being a plate (8) intended to be fixed to the string (2) and the other wing being a plate (9) intended to be fixed to the end of the step (6), the plate (8) of the angle bracket (7) for fixing to the string (2) carrying the projection (10) assigned to said step (6), the projection (10) of the angle bracket (7) being a boss or stub obtained by stamping, and said projection (10) being situated practically at the centre of the plate (8) to be fixed to the string.
2. Kit according to Claim 1, characterized in that it comprises two strings (2).
3. Kit according to Claim 1, characterized in that it comprises screws for fixing said angle bracket (or each angle bracket) (7) to the associated string (2) and to the end of the associated step (6), each of the plates (8, 9) of the angle bracket (7) having screw holes (11).
4. Kit according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, in plan view, each step (6) is substantially rectangular and has two long edges substantially perpendicular to the string(s) (2) and two short edges substantially parallel to the string(s) (2), a rabbet (12) being formed on the lower face of the short edges of the steps (6) for fixing the plate (9) of the angle bracket (7).
5. Kit according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the bottom edge (3) of the string (or of each string) (2) for resting on the ground surface is rounded.
6. Kit according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that at least one of the strings (2) is intended to support a handrail or banister.
7. Kit according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it contains, in the non-assembled state, the following elements:

   two strings (2) which are provided, on one face, with a series of blind bores (5) spaced apart regularly in the longitudinal direction, the arrangement of the bores (5) being the same on both strings (2);

   steps (6) whose number is at least equal to the number of blind bores (5) formed in the strings (2);

   angle brackets (7) whose number is at least equal to twice the number of steps (6);

   screws for fixing the angle brackets (7) to the strings (2) and to the steps (6);

   a series of templates on one support which are drawn in the form of a series of right-angled triangles with different angles α and β = 90° - α.
8. Kit according to Claim 7, characterized in that one of the ends of each of the strings (2) is rounded.
9. Method for assembling straight stairs using a kit according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that:

   the projection (10) on an angle bracket (7) is engaged in a blind bore (5) of a string (2),

   the angle bracket (7) is oriented so that the edge of the angle bracket (7) forms, with the longitudinal axis of the string (2), an angle α equal to the angle of climb of the stairs,

   the angle bracket (7) is fixed to the string (2) via the plate (8),

   a step (6) is fixed to the angle bracket (7) via the plate (9),

   these operations being carried out for at least one end of each step (6) of the stairs.
10. Method according to Claim 9, characterized in that before fixing the steps (6) to the string(s) (2):

    the angle of climb α of the stairs is calculated as a function of the height (h) to be climbed and the extent (e) on the ground surface,

    if appropriate, the strings (2) are shortened,

    if appropriate, the cut at the top edge (4) of the string(s) is adjusted so that said top edge (4) forms an angle β = 90°- α with the longitudinal axis (AA') of the string (2), and

    if appropriate, when the bottom edge (3) of the string (2) is not rounded, the cut of the bottom edge (3) of the string(s) is adjusted.

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