EP1050713A1 - Procédé de suppression respectivement de contrôle de vibrations thermoacoustiques dans une chambre de combustion ainsi que chambre de combustion pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé - Google Patents

Procédé de suppression respectivement de contrôle de vibrations thermoacoustiques dans une chambre de combustion ainsi que chambre de combustion pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1050713A1
EP1050713A1 EP00810369A EP00810369A EP1050713A1 EP 1050713 A1 EP1050713 A1 EP 1050713A1 EP 00810369 A EP00810369 A EP 00810369A EP 00810369 A EP00810369 A EP 00810369A EP 1050713 A1 EP1050713 A1 EP 1050713A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
vibrations
combustion system
acoustic
combustion
sensor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP00810369A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1050713B1 (fr
Inventor
Ephraim Prof. Dr. Gutmark
Christian Oliver Paschereit
Wolfgang Weisenstein
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric Switzerland GmbH
Original Assignee
ABB Alstom Power Switzerland Ltd
Alstom Schweiz AG
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Publication of EP1050713A1 publication Critical patent/EP1050713A1/fr
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M20/00—Details of combustion chambers, not otherwise provided for, e.g. means for storing heat from flames
    • F23M20/005—Noise absorbing means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2210/00—Noise abatement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for continuous combustion chambers; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23R2900/00013—Reducing thermo-acoustic vibrations by active means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for continuous combustion chambers; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23R2900/00014—Reducing thermo-acoustic vibrations by passive means, e.g. by Helmholtz resonators

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of combustion technology, as it plays a role in particular for gas turbines.
  • the invention relates to a Process for the suppression or control of thermoacoustic vibrations in a combustion system according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention further relates to a combustion system for performing the Method according to the preamble of claim 8.
  • thermoacoustic Vibrations are detected and rotated in phase by 180 degrees and coupled into the system in an appropriately reinforced form in order to then due to superposition with the thermoacoustic vibrations out of phase leads to extinction.
  • anti-noise solutions have proven useful in low power combustion systems. In high-performance combustion systems with correspondingly strong ones Pressure fluctuations, however, are becoming increasingly difficult to achieve appropriate acoustic Generate and couple vibrations with reasonable effort.
  • thermoacoustic Vibrations are not due to sound cancellation based, but intervenes in the formation of the vibrations and how can be described as follows:
  • Coherent structures play a crucial role Role in mixing processes between air and fuel.
  • the dynamics of this Structures therefore affect combustion and thus heat release.
  • By influencing the shear layer between the fresh gas mixture and The recirculated exhaust gas can control the combustion instabilities.
  • One way of influencing this is in the publication mentioned at the beginning described acoustic excitation.
  • the acoustic excitation allows suppression the combustion-driven vibrations by doing the training coherent structures prevented.
  • Vortex structures at the burner outlet will release periodic heat and thus preventing the basis for the occurrence of thermoacoustic vibrations.
  • this method is based on the direct influence of the shear layer.
  • This direct influence on the shear layer has the advantage that the external disturbances in the shear layer itself are amplified and therefore less energy is needed to generate the disturbances than in the case the direct cancellation of a sound field by anti-sound.
  • the shear layer can be excited both downstream and upstream of the burner. There only low power is required, the sound energy e.g. of acoustic Drivers, in particular loudspeakers or the like, introduced into the flow become.
  • the combustion system 10 includes one (Swirl-stabilized) burner 11, which works in a combustion chamber 12.
  • the burner 11 receives the necessary combustion air via an air supply 13.
  • a corresponding fuel supply 14 is provided for the fuel supply.
  • sensors 20, .., 22 are provided which are connected to the air supply (sensors 20) and / or on the combustion chamber (sensors 21, 22) can be arranged.
  • the sensors 20, .., 22 can be used for the direct detection of the pressure fluctuations or vibrations as (water-cooled) microphones or other dynamic Pressure transducers should be designed.
  • the sensors 20, .., 22 can also be wholly or partly designed as optical sensors with which the Chemiluminescence e.g. the OH molecules the fluctuations in the heat release can be detected with the thermoacoustic vibrations are directly linked.
  • the sensors 20, .. 22 are connected to a control 23, the output side controls different speakers 16, .., 19, which are symmetrical to the axis of the Combustion system 10 optionally in the area of the air supply 13 and / or the combustion chamber 12 are arranged.
  • the speakers 16, .., 19 produce after Provided the regulation 23 acoustic vibrations, which then enter the combustion system 10 are coupled and there the shear layers described influence.
  • the combustion system 10 according to the prior art with the Sensors 20, .., 22 and the loudspeakers 16, .. 19 forms - if the vibrations are detected at the combustion chamber 12 - the closed one shown in FIG. 2 Control loop 24.
  • Vibrations in the combustion chamber 12 are in a subsequent filter 25 filtered and possibly amplified and then by means of a phase shifter 26 with predefinable phase setting 29 in the phase by a desired amount postponed.
  • the phase-shifted signal then triggers a signal generator 27, whose output signal in a power amplifier 28 with a predeterminable amplitude setting 30 amplified and used to control the speakers 16, .., 19 becomes.
  • a signal generator 27 whose output signal in a power amplifier 28 with a predeterminable amplitude setting 30 amplified and used to control the speakers 16, .., 19 becomes.
  • the object is achieved by the entirety of the features of claims 1 and 8.
  • the essence of the invention is, within the closed control loop, through the combustion system with the sensors and acoustic Excitation means (e.g. loudspeakers) is formed, a proportional regulation to provide, i.e., the amplitude of the acoustic vibrations generated directly to be proportional to the amplitude of the detected vibrations.
  • acoustic Excitation means e.g. loudspeakers
  • thermoacoustic vibrations are measured acoustically, or the associated fluctuations in heat release measured optically be used for optical measurement of the fluctuations in the heat release in particular the fluctuations in the chemiluminescence of the OH molecules be measured.
  • Another preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention is characterized by the fact that it generates acoustic vibrations Speakers are used which acoustically connect to the combustion system are coupled.
  • the sensors used in the combustion system according to the invention can according to a preferred embodiment, either as pressure fluctuations receiving pressure sensors, in particular as a microphone, or as optical sensors for measuring chemiluminescence.
  • FIG. 3 shows a preferred exemplary embodiment of a control scheme, that in the context of the invention instead of that of the prior art known control schemes (Fig. 2) used in a combustion system of FIG. 1 can be used to improve the suppression of thermoacoustic To achieve vibrations.
  • the sensors 21, 22, detection signals characteristic of the thermoacoustic vibrations passed on to a P-controller 31, which amplifies the signals and around delayed a predetermined period of time.
  • the delay - that of the phase shift 2 corresponds - can be done directly in the P controller 31, or - as shown in Fig. 3 - in a downstream delay circuit 32 with Delay time setting 33.
  • the pre-amplified, delayed signal will then given directly to the input of a power amplifier 28 ', which it for the control of the speakers 16, .., 19 required performance level amplified.
  • the proportional control causes the amplitude of the acoustic generated Vibrations with the amplitude of the detected combustion vibrations increases and decreases proportionally.
  • FIG. 4 shows exemplary measurement results which show the suppression (in dB) of a pressure oscillation in the 100 Hz range in a combustion system 1 with a proportional control according to FIG. 3.
  • the normalized amplitudes are shown as a function of the phase shift (in degrees) between the detected and generated vibrations for acoustic detection using a microphone (open circles) and optical detection via OH chemiluminescence (filled circles). You can see that in In both cases the maximum suppression of more than 20 dB is approximately the same with a phase shift of about 50 degrees.
  • the necessary optimal time delay or Phase shift depends on the respective combustion system.
  • From the acoustic stimulants (Loudspeakers 16, .., 19) is to be requested that - if it is the combustion system 10 is that of a gas turbine - that in gas turbines must withstand the usual preheating temperatures of approx. 400 ° C. Farther they should approx. 0.001% of the thermal output per burner 11 (with several Burners) to the respective gas (air or fresh mixture when excited upstream; Exhaust gas can give off excitation downstream of the burner 11).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)
  • Control Of Combustion (AREA)
EP00810369A 1999-05-07 2000-05-01 Procédé de suppression respectivement de contrôle de vibrations thermoacoustiques dans une chambre de combustion ainsi que chambre de combustion pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé Expired - Lifetime EP1050713B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19928226A DE19928226A1 (de) 1999-05-07 1999-05-07 Verfahren zur Unterdrückung bzw. Kontrolle von thermoakustischen Schwingungen in einem Verbrennungs-System sowie Verbrennungssystem zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
DE19928226 1999-05-07

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1050713A1 true EP1050713A1 (fr) 2000-11-08
EP1050713B1 EP1050713B1 (fr) 2003-08-13

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EP00810369A Expired - Lifetime EP1050713B1 (fr) 1999-05-07 2000-05-01 Procédé de suppression respectivement de contrôle de vibrations thermoacoustiques dans une chambre de combustion ainsi que chambre de combustion pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US6461144B1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1050713B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE19928226A1 (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1217295A2 (fr) 2000-12-23 2002-06-26 ALSTOM Power N.V. Brûleur pour la génération d'un gaz chaud
EP1348908A2 (fr) 2002-03-27 2003-10-01 ALSTOM (Switzerland) Ltd Procédé et dispositif pour contrôler les instabilités ou les vibrations thermoacoustiques dans un système de combustion
WO2005093327A1 (fr) * 2004-03-29 2005-10-06 Alstom Technology Ltd Chambre de combustion pour turbine a gaz et procede de fonctionnement correspondant
WO2009007138A1 (fr) * 2007-07-11 2009-01-15 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Dispositif et procédé d'amélioration de l'atténuation d'ondes acoustiques
CN108870439A (zh) * 2018-07-27 2018-11-23 中国东方电气集团有限公司 一种用于燃烧设备的燃烧振荡控制结构
DE102008022117B4 (de) 2007-06-15 2019-04-04 Ansaldo Energia Switzerland AG Verfahren und Prüfstand zum Bestimmen einer Transferfunktion

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DE10135566B4 (de) * 2001-07-20 2009-12-10 Eads Deutschland Gmbh Verfahren und System zur aktiven Minderung der Schallabstrahlung von Triebwerken
DE10257275A1 (de) * 2002-12-07 2004-06-24 Alstom Technology Ltd Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Beeinflussung thermoakustischer Schwingungen in Verbrennungssystemen
DE102004013584B4 (de) * 2003-05-10 2016-01-21 IfTA Ingenieurbüro für Thermoakustik GmbH Verfahren zur Untersuchung des frequenzabhängigen Schwingungsverhaltens eines Brenners
FR2855253A1 (fr) * 2003-05-19 2004-11-26 Univ Maine Refrigerateur thermoacoustique compact
GB2407152A (en) * 2003-10-14 2005-04-20 Alstom Apparatus and method for testing combustion
DE102005001807A1 (de) * 2005-01-13 2006-07-20 Air Liquide Deutschland Gmbh Verfahren zum Erhitzen eines Industrieofens und dafür geeignete Vorrichtung
EP1724527A1 (fr) * 2005-05-13 2006-11-22 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Chambre de combustion et procédé pour supprimer des vibrations de combustion
WO2007021259A1 (fr) * 2005-08-12 2007-02-22 Proto-Technics, Inc. Bruleur de turbulence a nappes de tourbillons
US7441411B2 (en) * 2005-09-16 2008-10-28 General Electric Company Method and apparatus to detect onset of combustor hardware damage
DE102006015230A1 (de) 2006-03-30 2007-10-18 Alstom Technology Ltd. Brennkammer
US8028512B2 (en) 2007-11-28 2011-10-04 Solar Turbines Inc. Active combustion control for a turbine engine
US9354618B2 (en) 2009-05-08 2016-05-31 Gas Turbine Efficiency Sweden Ab Automated tuning of multiple fuel gas turbine combustion systems
US9267443B2 (en) 2009-05-08 2016-02-23 Gas Turbine Efficiency Sweden Ab Automated tuning of gas turbine combustion systems
US9671797B2 (en) 2009-05-08 2017-06-06 Gas Turbine Efficiency Sweden Ab Optimization of gas turbine combustion systems low load performance on simple cycle and heat recovery steam generator applications
US8437941B2 (en) 2009-05-08 2013-05-07 Gas Turbine Efficiency Sweden Ab Automated tuning of gas turbine combustion systems
US9222674B2 (en) * 2011-07-21 2015-12-29 United Technologies Corporation Multi-stage amplification vortex mixture for gas turbine engine combustor
US20130291552A1 (en) * 2012-05-03 2013-11-07 United Technologies Corporation Electrical control of combustion
US9255835B2 (en) 2012-08-22 2016-02-09 Siemens Energy, Inc. System for remote vibration detection on combustor basket and transition in gas turbines
US9255526B2 (en) 2012-08-23 2016-02-09 Siemens Energy, Inc. System and method for on line monitoring within a gas turbine combustor section
CN103528090B (zh) * 2013-10-09 2016-05-18 清华大学 燃烧系统以及燃烧振荡抑制系统
US10072843B2 (en) * 2015-10-21 2018-09-11 Honeywell International Inc. Combustion resonance suppression
US11092083B2 (en) 2017-02-10 2021-08-17 General Electric Company Pressure sensor assembly for a turbine engine
US11421877B2 (en) 2017-08-29 2022-08-23 General Electric Company Vibration control for a gas turbine engine
DE102019206727A1 (de) * 2019-05-09 2020-11-12 Ibu-Tec Advanced Materials Ag Vorrichtung zur thermischen Behandlung eines Rohstoffs in einem pulsierenden Heißgasstrom
CN114526479A (zh) * 2022-02-23 2022-05-24 浙江科技学院 一种脉动燃烧抑制碳烟生成的方法

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EP0918152A1 (fr) * 1997-11-24 1999-05-26 Abb Research Ltd. Procédé et dispositif pour contrÔler les vibrations thermoacoustiques dans les chambres de combustion

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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1217295A2 (fr) 2000-12-23 2002-06-26 ALSTOM Power N.V. Brûleur pour la génération d'un gaz chaud
US6773257B2 (en) 2000-12-23 2004-08-10 Alstom Technology Ltd Burner for the production of a hot gas
EP1348908A2 (fr) 2002-03-27 2003-10-01 ALSTOM (Switzerland) Ltd Procédé et dispositif pour contrôler les instabilités ou les vibrations thermoacoustiques dans un système de combustion
EP1348908A3 (fr) * 2002-03-27 2005-04-13 ALSTOM Technology Ltd Procédé et dispositif pour contrôler les instabilités ou les vibrations thermoacoustiques dans un système de combustion
WO2005093327A1 (fr) * 2004-03-29 2005-10-06 Alstom Technology Ltd Chambre de combustion pour turbine a gaz et procede de fonctionnement correspondant
US7484352B2 (en) 2004-03-29 2009-02-03 Alstom Technology Ltd. Combustor for a gas turbine
DE102008022117B4 (de) 2007-06-15 2019-04-04 Ansaldo Energia Switzerland AG Verfahren und Prüfstand zum Bestimmen einer Transferfunktion
WO2009007138A1 (fr) * 2007-07-11 2009-01-15 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Dispositif et procédé d'amélioration de l'atténuation d'ondes acoustiques
CN108870439A (zh) * 2018-07-27 2018-11-23 中国东方电气集团有限公司 一种用于燃烧设备的燃烧振荡控制结构

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE50003241D1 (de) 2003-09-18
US6461144B1 (en) 2002-10-08
EP1050713B1 (fr) 2003-08-13
DE19928226A1 (de) 2001-02-01

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